【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词学案（3页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词学案（3页）

‎2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词 AH非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一无论在考试中还是平时的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重 一、非谓语动词的含义 ‎ 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。 ‎ 二、非谓语动词的形式 ‎ 非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下： ‎ 1. 不定式 ‎ ① 基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）‎ ② 被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）‎ ③ 进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）‎ ④ 完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）‎ ⑤ 完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）‎ ⑥ 完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行） ‎ 例如：‎ The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。 ‎ The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。‎ She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。 ‎ The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。 ‎ The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。 ‎ She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。 ‎ 1. 动名词 ‎ ①基本形式：doing （表示主动）‎ ‎②被动式：being done（表示被动）‎ ‎③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）‎ ‎④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）  ‎ 例如：‎ Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。 ‎ Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。 ‎ I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。 ‎ Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。 ‎ 2. 现在分词 ‎ ① 基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）‎ ② 被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）‎ ③ 完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）‎ ④ 完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）  ‎ He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 ‎ The area being studied may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 ‎ Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV.完成作业后，我开始看电视。 ‎ Having been told many times，she still can't remember it.已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不住。 ‎ 1. 过去分词：done  ‎ 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。‎ polluted river 被污染的河流 fallen leaves 落叶 ‎ 注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。 ‎ ‎ 三、非谓语动词的作用 ‎ 非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。 ‎ ‎1.不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 ‎ To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）学会一门外语是很难的。 ‎ It’s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）很容易见到他们的姑姑。 ‎ Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。 ‎ His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）他的愿望是当一名司机。 ‎ I have nothing to say.（作定语）我没有什么可说的。 ‎ The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）老师让我们做早操。 ‎ They went to see their aunt. （目的状语）他们去见他们的姑姑。  ‎ ‎2.动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。 ‎ Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语非常困难。‎ I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜欢跳舞。  ‎ I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已经习惯了住农村。 ‎ His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他的工作是开车。 ‎ ‎3.现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。 ‎ The story is interesting.这个故事有趣。 ‎ He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。 ‎ The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。 ‎ He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。 ‎ ‎4.过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。 ‎ He is interested in the news.（作表语）他对这则消息很感兴趣。 ‎ polluted river（做定语） 被污染的河流 ‎ Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。 ‎ I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）我发现我的手表被偷了。‎