【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词陷阱题总结学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词陷阱题总结学案

二轮复习 非谓语动词陷阱题总结 ‎◆典型陷阱题分析◆‎ ‎1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.‎ A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered ‎【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。‎ ‎【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：‎ ‎(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。‎ ‎(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。‎ ‎(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。‎ 值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：‎ ‎(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.‎ A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped 此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。‎ ‎(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.‎ A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practiced 此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practicing spoken English.‎ ‎(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.‎ A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”；二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。‎ ‎2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work. ‎ A. doing B. to do C. being doing D. to be done ‎【陷阱】容易误选B，根据 can’t help doing sth 这一结构推出。‎ ‎【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：‎ can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事 又如下面一题，答案也是 B：‎ She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.‎ A cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. being cleaned 再请看以下试题：‎ While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.‎ A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 此题应选C，句中的 can’t help 意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。‎ ‎3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.‎ A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：‎ ‎(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。‎ ‎(2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。‎ ‎(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。‎ ‎(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。‎ ‎(5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。‎ 请做以下类似题（答案均选A）：‎ ‎(1) All the preparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start. ‎ A. completed B. have been completed C. had been completed D. been completed ‎(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.‎ A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supporting D. is, to support 比较以下各题，答案选B，因为句中使用了并列连词and：‎ ‎(1) All the preparations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start. ‎ A. completed B. have been completed C. had been completed D. been completed ‎(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.‎ A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supporting D. is, to support ‎4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.‎ A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make ‎【陷阱】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。‎ ‎【分析】其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：‎ The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people. ‎ A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided ‎ ‎5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.‎ A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题：‎ Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police. ‎ A. finds B. found C. being found D. will find 答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。‎ 比较下面两题，最佳答案是D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：‎ ‎(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.‎ A. argued B. to be argued C. to be arguing D. being argued ‎(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.‎ A. turned B. having turned C. to be turned D. being turned ‎6. Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow. ‎ A. of taking B. taking C. to take D. take ‎【陷阱】容易误选A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 这一常用结构的影响。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构：‎ remind sb of [about] sth = 使某人想起某事 remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事（暗示动作已发生）‎ remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事（暗示动作尚未发生）‎ 请看两个例句：‎ I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。‎ My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。‎ Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?‎ ‎7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.‎ A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词 fly。但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。‎ ‎8. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well. ‎ A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do ‎【陷阱】容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案为B，因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：‎ look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事 object to doing sth反对做某事 stick to doing sth 坚持做某事 get down to doing sth 开始做某事 take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事 admit to doing 承认做了某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事 be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事 What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样 ‎ ‎9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.‎ A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying ‎【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。‎ ‎【分析】答案应选C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：‎ He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。‎ I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。‎ ‎10. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”‎ A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type ‎【陷阱】容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：‎ Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？‎ I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。‎ ‎11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office. A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put ‎【陷阱】容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎ 正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A)：‎ I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.‎ A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. having paid 但是，下面一题稍有不同：‎ Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance. ‎ A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened 此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。‎ ‎12. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.‎ A. be, to do B. was, doing C. be, doing D. was, to do ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。‎ ‎【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下：‎ ‎(1) 第一空填 be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。‎ ‎(2) 第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 …should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of (尽量利用)，make the best of (尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：‎ ‎(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.‎ A. to build B. building C. build D. built 此题答案选 A，不是 B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：‎ ‎…make use of every part of the materials to build the power station 由此可见，make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。‎ ‎(2) Does the way you thought of _______ the water clean make any sense?‎ A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having made 此题答案选B，不是A。句子主语是 the way，you thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。‎ ‎13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.‎ A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 ‎ ‎【分析】答案选A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：‎ ‎(1) that they would like to see _____ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。‎ ‎(2) 由于 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系，故填过去分词 carried out。‎ 请做以下类似试题：‎ ‎(1) Who do you think you’d like _____ with you, a boy or a girl?‎ A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go 在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：‎ I think I’d like to have a boy go with me. ‎ 句中的 go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词a boy 提问，便可得出：‎ Who do you think you’d like to have go with you?‎ 对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。‎ ‎(2) Who did the boss _____ his car this time?‎ A. make wash B. make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash 在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：‎ The boss made Jack wash his car this time.‎ 假若对句中的名词Jack 提问，便可得出：‎ Who did the boss make wash his car this time?‎ 由此可知上面题答案为A。‎ ‎(3) You can never imagine what great difficulty I had ______ your house all by myself.‎ A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding 此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth。‎ ‎14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.‎ A. to has come B. to have come C. to having come D. has come ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道，短语 look forward to意为“盼望”，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是，句中介词 to 的宾语不是have come，而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是：the holiday为句子主语，we have been looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句(介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，被省略)，has come 是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题：‎ ‎(1) The man you referred to _____ just now.‎ A. comes B. come C. coming D. came 答案选D，主语为 the man，you referred to 为修饰 the man 的定语从句，空白处填 came，为句子谓语。‎ ‎(2) The theory he sticks to ______ to be of no use in our studies. ‎ A. proves B. prove C. proving D. be proved 答案选A，he sticks to 是修饰主语 the theory 的定语从句，句子的基本结构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies. ‎ ‎(3) The work he devoted his time to _____ worth praising.‎ A. was B. be C. being D. been 答案选A，he devoted his time to 是修饰主语 the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为 The work was worth praising.‎ ‎(4) I think this is the very work that we must finish ____ her.‎ A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 答案是 A。句中空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that I must finish 是修饰名词 the very work 的定语从句，finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，其后的不定式 to help her 是目的状语。‎ ‎(5) Which do you enjoy ____ your weekend, swimming or fishing?‎ A. spending B. being spent C. spend D. to spend 答案选 D。enjoy 的宾语是句首的疑问词 which，不是其后的动词 spending。此题中的 to spend… 用作目的状语。‎ ‎(5) What the boy enjoys _____ to have a room of his own.‎ A. being B. to be C. is D. are 答案选C，而不选A。what the boy enjoys 是主语从句，空格处填的 is 为谓语动词。‎ ‎(6) Nothing that he suggested _____ to be of any use.‎ A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove 答案选B，而不选C。句子主语是 nothing，that he suggested 是修饰主语的定语从句，suggested 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，而不是其后的动词；句子谓语是 proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”‎ ‎(7) The old house we paid a visit _____ at the top of the hill.‎ A. standing B. to stand C. to standing D. to stands 答案选D。we paid a visit to 是修饰the old house 的定语从句，句中的stands 为主句谓语。‎ ‎(8) The life he is now used _____ quite different from ours. ‎ A. is B. to be C. to being D. to is 答案选D。句中he is now used to 是修饰 the life 的定语从句，to 后的动词 is 是句子的谓语，句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。‎ ‎(9) The work he paid special attention _____ to nothing.‎ A. came B. to come C. to coming D. to came 答案选D。句中的he paid special attention to 是修饰 the work 的定语从句，to 后的动词 came 是句子的谓语，句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。‎ ‎(10) The result what he said would lead _____ his regret in the future. ‎ A. is B. to be C. to being D. to was 答案选D。句中what he said would lead to 是修饰 the result 的定语从句，to 后的动词 was 是句子的谓语，句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。 ‎ ‎15. _______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house. ‎ A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed ‎【陷阱】容易误选B或C，误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。 ‎ ‎【分析】正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and 可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样，则答案为B：‎ ‎_______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.‎ A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 但是，若改成下面一题这样，则答案为C(不定式短语表目的)：‎ ‎_______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.‎ A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 请做以下试题，答案均选A，都是因为句中的并列连词 and（填空句为祈使句）：‎ ‎(1) _______ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.‎ A. Get B. To get C. Getting D. Having got ‎(2) ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children. ‎ A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinking ‎(3) ______ me, and then try to copy what I do. ‎ A. Watch B. Watching C. To watch D. Have watching ‎(4) _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it. ‎ A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Having looked ‎(5) _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.‎ A. Leave B. Leaving C. If you leave D. When left 有时不用连词连接句子，而用破折号，情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如： ‎ ‎(6) _____ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.‎ A. Turn B. Turning C. to turn D. To have turned ‎(7) _____ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.‎ A. Try B. Trying C. To try D. To have tried 以下各题也应选A，是因为句中的从属连词 when, before, until 等（填空句为祈使句）：‎ ‎(8) ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone. ‎ A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given ‎(9) ______ left when you get to the end of the street. ‎ A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept ‎(10) ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough. ‎ A. Put B. Putting C. To put D. To be putting ‎(11)______ until the lights have turned to green. ‎ A. Wait B. To wait C. Waiting D. Having waited ‎(12) ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together. ‎ A. Join B. To join C. Joining D. Joined 以下各题也应选A，因为填空句为祈使句：‎ ‎(13) I don’t want to listen a long story — just _____ me the result. ‎ A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. to be telling ‎(14) Why stand there watching — _____ and help us!‎ A. come B. coming C. to come D. to be coming ‎(15) Don’t waste your money on silly things — ______ it. ‎ A. save B. to save C. saving D. having saved ‎(16) First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water. ‎ A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking ‎(17) To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good. ‎ A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting 但是请注意，类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语（用不定式，即答案选B）：‎ ‎(18) ______ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins.‎ A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Having studied ‎(19) _____ late in the morning, Mr. Smith turned off the alarm.‎ A. Sleep B. To sleep C. Sleeping D. Having slept ‎(20) ______ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows.‎ A. Keep B. To keep C. Keeping D. Having kept ‎(21) ______ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.‎ A. Improving B. To improve C. Improve D. Having improved ‎◆精编陷阱题训练◆‎ ‎1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. ‎ A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting ‎2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference. ‎ A. have B. having C. and have D. and having ‎3. I felt it a great honor ______ to speak to you.‎ A. to ask B. asking C. to be asked D. having asked ‎4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. ‎ A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone ‎5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family. ‎ A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered ‎6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.‎ A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying ‎7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______. ‎ A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it ‎8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.‎ A. seen carry B. seen carrying C. saw to carry D. saw carrying ‎9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.‎ A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up ‎10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______. ‎ A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught ‎11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden. ‎ A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in ‎12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good. ‎ A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting ‎13. “Where is David?” “He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”‎ A. to get B. getting C. to be getting D. having got ‎14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.” A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. to be getting ‎15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world. ‎ A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. to have lost ‎ ‎16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.‎ A. to find B. to have found C. to be found D. being found ‎17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.‎ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do ‎18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. ‎ A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ‎19. Finding her car stolen, _______. ‎ A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help ‎20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?” “The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”‎ A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made ‎21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?” “_______ her new bike.”‎ A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing ‎22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.‎ A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun ‎23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. ‎ A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in ‎24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.‎ A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited ‎25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.‎ A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing C. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing ‎26. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _______ to.‎ A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken ‎28. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______.‎ A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to ‎29. _______ on time, this medicine will be quite effective. ‎ A. Taking B. Being taken C. Taken D. Having taken ‎30. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists. ‎ A. followed by B. following by C. to follow D. to be followed by ‎ ‎31. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _______ how much they would cost. ‎ A. to explain B. explaining C. to be explaining D. having explained ‎32. Please excuse me _______ your letter by mistake. ‎ A. to open B. to have opened C. for opening D. in opening ‎33. Please remember _______ the plants while I’m away. ‎ A. watering B. to be watering C. to water D. being watering ‎34. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it. ‎ A. posting B. to post C. to be posting D. have posted ‎35. Stop _______ me to hurry up. I can only go so fast.‎ A. to tell B. telling C. to have told D. having told ‎36. Remember _______ off the light when _______ to bed.‎ A. turning, going B. to turn, to go C. turning, to go D. to turn, going ‎ ‎37. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.‎ A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given ‎38. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.‎ A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding ‎39. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.‎ A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars ‎40. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew. ‎ A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung ‎41. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. ‎ A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled ‎42. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.‎ A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen ‎43. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.‎ A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited ‎44. “Good morning. Can I help you?” “I’d like to have this package _______.”‎ A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed ‎45. What have we said _______ her so happy?‎ A. makes B. to make C. made D. has made ‎ ‎46. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.‎ A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C his being not allowed D. having not being allowed ‎47. “Which sweater is yours?” “The one _______ No. 9.”‎ A. that marked B. was marked with C. which marked D. marked with ‎48.If the car won’t start, _____ it. ‎ A. try push B. try pushing C. to try pushing D. to try to push ‎49. They stayed up until midnight _____ the old year out and the new year in. ‎ A. and saw B. to see C. seeing D. for seeing ‎ ‎ ◆答案与解析◆‎ ‎1. 选D。catch sb doing sth 意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某做某事”。‎ ‎2. 选B。这是一个含when 引导时间状语从句的主从复合句，having a good teacher 在主句中用作主语。‎ ‎3. 选C。句中的 it 为形式主语，不定式 to be asked to speak to you 为真正主语，因“我”与ask为被动关系，故用被动式。‎ ‎4. 选 B。like 和 love后接不定式或动名词均可，但 would love / like 后只能接不定式，据此可排除选项 C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，其后要接不定式完成式，即选 B。‎ ‎5. 选A，before 引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，而此主句为一祈使句，故动词用原形。其中 it will have … 为修饰名词 the effect 的宾语从句。‎ ‎6. 选 A。根据句中的 studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，故用完成式，即选 A。‎ ‎7. 选 C。do with 与 what 连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如：‎ What shall I do with it? 怎样处置它好呢? ‎ What have you done with my umbrella? 你把我的雨伞放到哪 里去了?‎ I don’t know what to do with this strange object. 我不知道这怪东西有什么用。‎ ‎8. 选B。anyone seen carrying bags…为 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中过去分词短语 seen carrying bags … 用作定语修饰代词 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 为 see sb doing sth 这一结构的被动式。‎ ‎9. 选 B。devote…to… 的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”，其中 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后动词要用动名词。句中的 he had 为定语从句，用以修饰 all，注意不将 had to 视为同一个语义结构。‎ ‎10. 选 C。lead to 意为“导致”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。由于逻辑主语 the thief 与catch 为被动关系，故答案选 C。 ‎ ‎11. 选 D。look forward to 意为“期盼”，其中 to 是介词，后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选 B，因为 pay a visit 不能带 the flower-lined garden 作宾语，假若在 paying a visit 后加上介词 to，则可选 B。‎ ‎12. 选A。句首的 to test eggs 为目的状语，填空句为祈使句谓语，故要用动词原形。‎ ‎13. 选B。现在分词短语表伴随。‎ ‎14. 选C。to get enough protein and nutrition 表目的。‎ ‎15. 选A。(be) lost to sth 为习语，意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。‎ ‎16. 选C。因keys 与 find 是被动关系。‎ ‎17. 选 A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词 not 置于不定式符号 to 之前，而不能置于其后，同时结合 tell sb (not) to do sth 这一结构可排除选项 C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号 to。‎ ‎18. 选 B。find 后可接现在分词（表示动作在进行）或过去分词（表被动关系）作宾语补足语，但是不接不定式。另外，由于he 与 smoke 是主动关系，故选 B。‎ ‎19. 选 D。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项，finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是 she，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等，故选 D。‎ ‎20. 选 B。the key to… 意为“……的关键”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面，名词 demand 与 make 是被动关系(make demands 提出要求)，同时根据句中的 by the customers，可确定答案选 B。 ‎ ‎21. 选 C。答句是针对疑问词 what 的回答，而问句中的疑问词 what 在句中用作主语，所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西，比较四个选项，只有C合适。其完整回答形式为 Losing her new bike made Mary so upset. 比较，下面一题要填不定式，因为四个选项中只有 To choose a new chairman 能回答疑问词 why：‎ ‎“Why was a special meeting called?” “______ a new chairman.”‎ A. Choose B. Choosing C. To choose D. Chosen ‎22. 选 D。由于 the research 与 begin 是被动关系，故用过去分词 begun。Once begun 可视为 once it is begun 之省略。‎ ‎23. 选 C。由于 his parents 与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为 lack 是及物动词，故后接宾语无需用介词，故选 C。‎ ‎24. 选 D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词 not 放在整个非谓语动词之前，据此可排除 A、C。另外，由于 Tony 与 invite 是被动关系，故选 D。‎ ‎25. C。第一空填 sung，因为 song 与 sing 是被动关系；第二空填 sing，you 与 sing 是主动关系。‎ ‎27. 选 A。until spoken to 可视为 until he is spoken to 之略。‎ ‎28. 选C，不定式短语to send it to 用作这语，修饰其前的名词 the person。注意句尾的介词 to 不能省略，因为被修饰的名词 the person 为介词 to 的逻辑宾语。‎ ‎29. 选 C。this medicine 与动词take 为被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎30. 选A。从句意上看，人群跟在明星后面，反过来，明星便是被人群跟着。 ‎ ‎31. 选A。go on doing sth = 继续做同一事情，go on to do sth = 做完某事后续继做某事。‎ ‎32. 选C。excuse sb for doing sth 意为“原谅某人做了某事”。‎ ‎33. 选C。remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事，remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。‎ ‎34. 选A。remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事，remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。‎ ‎35. 选B。根据下文的 I can only go so fast 知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较：stop doing sth = 停止做某事，stop to do sth = 停下正在做的事去干另一事。‎ ‎36. 选D。一是分清以下两个结构：remember to do sth=记住做某事，remember doing sth=记住曾做过某事；二是注意 when going to bed 相当于 when you go to bed。‎ ‎37. 选 D。由于动词 give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，故用过去分词，即选 D。其中 Given time 可视为 If he is given time 之略。‎ ‎38. C。由于 Harvard(哈佛大学)与 found(建立)是被动关系，且因句中有 in 1636，故选 C。注意不能选 B，否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。‎ ‎39. 选D，由于 remain 为不及物动词，所以包含过去分词 remained的A和C不宜选(因为两者均含有被动意味)；选项B也不宜选，不定式to remain 用作修饰 20 dollars 的后置定语，由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，故不妥（因为 remain 不及物）。现在分词remaining 的意思是“剩下的”。‎ ‎40. 选 B。动词 hang 表示“悬挂”时，可用作及物或不及物动词，此处填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因为它表示动作正在进行，而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。‎ ‎41. 选 C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如：‎ I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。‎ With such good cardres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有这样的好干部执行党的政策，我们感到放心。‎ ‎42. 选 B。remain 作“尚需”解，是连系动词，其后要接不定式作表语。由于 see 与 it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎43. 选 D。否定词 not 应放在动名词之前，故排除A、C；又因为 Tony 与 invite 是被动关系，故选 D。‎ ‎44. 选 D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。‎ ‎45. 选 B。to make her so happy 是结果状语。注意词序What have we…，不是 What we have…。比较下面一题(答案选D)：‎ What we have said ________ her so happy.‎ A. makes B. to make C. made D. has made ‎46. 选 B。否定词 not 应放在-ing 形式之前，逻辑主语 his 之后，由此可排除 C 和 D；又因为 the child 与 allow 是被动关系，故选 B。‎ ‎47. 选D。marked with 可视为 which is marked with No. 9 之略。‎ ‎48. 选B。注意句首为if 引导的条件状语从句，填空句为祈使句，故第一个动词应是try，不应是 to try；另外，try doing sth 的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。‎ ‎49. 选 B。不定式表目的。‎