初中英语语法系列---否定句疑问句

初中英语语法系列---否定句疑问句

Good morning! 肯定句 否定句 句型第一讲： 否定句 疑问句 句型分类 陈述句 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 一 . 肯定句变否定句 1) I am a student. I am not a student. 2) They are blue . They aren’t blue. 3) He is Kangkang. He isn’t Kangkang . 1. 句子中有 be 等助动词时，在助动词后加 not 。 2. 谓语是动词原形，在动词前加 don’t 。 1) I have a book . I don’t have a book. 2) They like Chinese . They don’t like Chinese. 3) We come from China. We don’t come from China. 3 。谓语动词是第三人称单数，在动词前加 doesn’t ，动词用原形。 1)She has a small mouth. She doesn’t have a small mouth. 2)Maria likes China. Maria doesn’t like China. 3)Jane comes from the U.S.A. Jane doesn’t come from the U.S.A. 练习：将下列句子变成否定句。 1. I am a teacher. I a teacher. 2. We are students. We students. 3. Jane is a girl. Jane a girl. 4. They like English. They like Chinese 5. I come from China. I come from China. 6. He likes Chinese. He like Chinese. 7. Maria comes from Cuba. Maria come from Cuba. 8. We know Maria. We know Maria. am not aren’t isn’t don’t don’t doesn’t doesn’t don’t 二 . 肯定句变一般疑问句 1. 1) I am a student. Are you a student? 2) They are blue. Are they blue? 3) He is Kangkang. Is he Kangkang? 句子中有 be ，把 be 提到句首 2. 谓语是动词原形，在句首加 do 。 1) I have a book . Do you have a book? 2) They like Chinese . Do they like Chinese? 3) We come from China. Do you come from China? 3. 谓语动词是第三人称单数，在句首加 Does ，动词用原形。 1) She has a small mouth. Does she have a small mouth? 2) Maria likes China. Does Maria like China? 3) Jane comes from the U.S.A. Does Jane come from the U.S.A? 4) She knows Maria. Does she know Maria? 练习 : 将下列句子变成一般疑问句。 1. I am a teacher. a teacher? 2. They are students. Students? 3. Jane is a girl. a girl? 4. They like English. they like English? 5. I come from China. you come from China? 6. He likes Chinese. he Chinese? 7. Maria comes from Cuba. Maria from Cuba? 8.We speak Chinese. you Chinese? Are you Are they Is Jane Do Do Does like Does come Do speak 三 . 一般疑问句做肯定 , 否定回答 Are you Maria ? 肯定回答 ： Yes , 主 + 助 / 系 . 否定回答 : No, 主 + 助 / 系 +not. 肯定回答： Yes , I am. 否定回答： No,I’m not. 2. 问句和答语的助动词保持一致 . 1) Are you a student? 肯 : Yes, I am . 否： No, I’m not. 2) Is he Kangkang? 肯： Yes ， he is . 否： No ， he isn’t. 3) Do they like Chinese? 肯： Yes, they do . 否： No , they don’t. 4) Does she have a small mouth? 肯： Yes, she does . 否： No, she doesn’t . 3. 问句和答语中的主语保持一致。（必须用主格） 1) Is Jane from the U.S.A? 2) Does Kangkang come from China? 3) Do Jane and Maria like China? 4) Is this a ruler? 肯 :Yes, she is. 否 :No ， she isn’t. 肯 :Yes, he does. 否 :No, he doesn’t. 肯 :Yes, they do. 否 :No, they don’t. 肯 :Yes, it is . 否： No ， it isn’t. 5) Is that a desk? 6) Are these books? 7) Are those pencils? 8) Are these erasers? 9) Is that an orange? 肯： Yes ， it is. 否： No ， it isn’t. 肯： Yes ， they are. 否： No ， they aren’t. 肯： Yes ， they are. 否： No ， they aren’t. 肯： Yes , they are. 否： No ， they aren’t. 肯： Yes , it is . 否： No ， it isn’t. 练习：给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答。 1.Are you a student? Yes, . No, . 2. Do they like English? Yes, . No, . 3.Is Jane a girl? Yes, . No, . 4. Does Maria like China? Yes, . No, . I am I’m they not they do don’t she is she isn’t she does she doesn’t he 5.Is Kangkang a student? Yes , . No , . 6.Is that a girl? Yes , . No , . 7.Are those telephones? Yes , . No , . 8.Does Tom know Jane? Yes , . No , . 9.Do they come from the U.S.A? Yes , . No , . 10.Is this an egg? Yes , . No , . is he isn’t it is it isn’t they are they aren’t he does he doesn’t they do they don’t it is it isn’t 四 . 对划线部分提问 . 将划线部分去掉 , 分析句意 . 1.My name is Nancy. your name? 2.I am from China . are you from? 3.I am fine . are you? 4. Miss.Wang is our English teacher. is your English teacher? 5.Lucy is ten years old . are you? 6.He is in Class One Grade Two . is he in? What’s Where How Who How old What class 7.My telephone number is 5805000 . your telephone number? 8.They are cars . are these ? 9.This is my cap. cap is this? 10.My favorite movie star is Bruce Lee . is your favorite movie star ? 11.It is yellow . is it ？ 12.She is tall . What does she ? What is What Whose Who What color look like 五 . 同义句转换 . 1.Please give Jane the book. Please the book Jane. 2. Could you please tell me your name? Could you please your name me? 3. He has short hair. is short. 4. I have a big nose. is big. 5. You have a wide mouth. 　 　 is wide. give to tell to His hair My nose Your mouth 6.My English teacher is old . My English teacher is not . 7. Betty is not short. Betty is . 8.This is my book. This is . 9.This jacket is not new. This jacket is . 10.My ruler is not long. My ruler is . 11.She looks like her mom. She and her mom look . 12.They come from China. They China. young tall mine old short the same are from 六 . 单复数转换 . 1. 将下列句子变成复数 . It is a box . boxes . This is a ruler. rulers. That is an eraser. erasers. He is a student. students. This is a bus. . That is a pen. . They are These are Those are They are These are buses Those are pens 2. 将下列句子变成单数。 1.They are pencils. a pencil. 2.These are erasers. an eraser. 3.They are boys. a boy. 4. They are girls . a girl. 5.Those are books. a book. 6.These are desks. a desk. 7.These are boxes. a . 8.Those are cars. a . It is This is He is She is That is This is This is box That is car 句型转换专项练习 一、将下列句子改为复数形式： 1.There is a knife in the box. There _____ _____ ______ in the box. 2.She's a woman doctor. They're ______ ______. 3.Our teacher often tells us a story. Our ______ often ______ us _______. 4.The sheep is over there. The ______ ______ over there. 5.Please pass me a piece of bread. Please pass me some ______ of ______. are some knives women doctors teachers tell stories sheep are pieces bread 二、下列句子改为否定句： 1.He does some reading every day. He______ ______ _______ reading every day. 2.I have to wash the dishes. I ______ _______ ______wash the dishes. 3.Tell him the news. _______ _______ him the news. 4.She has brothers and sisters. She has_______ brothers _______ sisters. 5.I think she is right. I _______ _______she _______ right 二、下列句子改为否定句： 1.He does some reading every day. He______ ______ _______ reading every day. 2.I have to wash the dishes. I ______ _______ ______wash the dishes. 3.Tell him the news. _______ _______ him the news. 4.She has brothers and sisters. She has_______ brothers _______ sisters. 5.I think she is right. I _______ _______she _______ right doesn't do any don't have to Don't tell no or don't think is 三、下列句子改为一般疑问句： 1.There is some fruit juice in the glass. _______ _______ _______ fruit juice in the glass? 2.He has to stay here. ______ he ______ to stay there? 3. We do eye exercises every day. ______ you ______ eye exercises every day? 4. She has something to eat. ______ she ______ ______ to eat? 5.I am good at singing and dancing. ______ you good at singing ______ dancing? 三、下列句子改为一般疑问句： 1.There is some fruit juice in the glass. _______ _______ _______ fruit juice in the glass? 2.He has to stay here. ______ he ______ to stay there? 3. We do eye exercises every day. ______ you ______ eye exercises every day? 4. She has something to eat. ______ she ______ ______ to eat? 5.I am good at singing and dancing. ______ you good at singing ______ dancing? Is there any Does have Do do Does have anything Are and 四、对划线部分提问： 1.My mother goes to work by bike. _______ _______ your mother _______ to work? 2.That is a map of France. _______ map is that? 3.The bag of rice is ten kilos. _______ _______ _______ the bag of rice? 4. I think Chinese food is very nice. _______ do you ______ _______ Chinese food? 5.The students like their teacher very much. ______ do the students______ their teacher? 四、对划线部分提问： 1.My mother goes to work by bike. _______ _______ your mother _______ to work? 2.That is a map of France. _______ map is that? 3.The bag of rice is ten kilos. _______ _______ _______ the bag of rice? 4. I think Chinese food is very nice. _______ do you ______ _______ Chinese food? 5.The students like their teacher very much. ______ do the students______ their teacher? How does go What How heavy is What think of How like 6.His house is very big. ______ ______ his house _______? 7.There are six kites in the sky. ______ in the sky? 8.He lives in Room 306. ______ ______ ______ he ______ in? 9.She looks worried because she can't find her dog. ______ _______ she ______ worried? 10.It takes him half an hour to write the e-mail. ______ _______ _______ it ______ him to write the e-mail? 6.His house is very big. ______ ______ his house _______? 7.There are six kites in the sky. ______ in the sky? 8.He lives in Room 306. ______ ______ ______ he ______ in? 9.She looks worried because she can't find her dog. ______ _______ she ______ worried? 10.It takes him half an hour to write the e-mail. ______ _______ _______ it ______ him to write the e-mail? What is like What's Which room does live Why does look How long does take 11.Classes begin at eight. ______ _______ _______classes ________? 12.I want to buy three kilos of meat. _______ ________ _______ do you want to buy? 13.His uncle is a businessman. _______ _______ his uncle ________? 14.The orange dress is Kate's. _______ _______ is Kate's? 15.It's Sunday today. _______ _______ is it today? 11.Classes begin at eight. ______ _______ _______classes ________? 12.I want to buy three kilos of meat. _______ ________ _______ do you want to buy? 13.His uncle is a businessman. _______ _______ his uncle ________? 14.The orange dress is Kate's. _______ _______ is Kate's? 15.It's Sunday today. _______ _______ is it today? What time do begin How much meat What does do Which dress What day 16.The cats are running up the tree. ________ are the cats _________? 17.Jim's plane is broken. ________ ________ _______ Jim's plane? 18.He would like five cakes. ________ ________ _______ would he like ? 19.They play football every Friday. ________ ________ they play football? 20.The man in brown is Tom's father. ________ ________ is Tom's father? 16.The cats are running up the tree. ________ are the cats _________? 17.Jim's plane is broken. ________ ________ _______ Jim's plane? 18.He would like five cakes. ________ ________ _______ would he like ? 19.They play football every Friday. ________ ________ they play football? 20.The man in brown is Tom's father. ________ ________ is Tom's father? Where running What's wrong with How many cakes When do Which man Goodbye! Thank you ! Grammar The Passive Voice 被动语态 How to describe the pictures ？ The river was seriously polluted . Some trees have been cut down. 语态是动词的一种形式，表示 主语 和 动词 之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 和 被动语态 。 主动语态 动词的主语是动作的 执行者 ，而 被动语态动词 的主语是动作的 承受者 。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的 及物动词 才有被动语态。 英语语态 被动语态的构成 worked opened closed seen taught asked work close open ask see teach e.g. 由助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词（ V-ed ） 构成。助动词 be 有 人称、数和时态的变化 。 被动语态在不同时态的不同形式 被动语态的基本构成： be + p.p 一般现在时 (do, does) is/am/are done 一般过去时 (did) was/were done 一般将来时 (will do) will be done 现在进行时 (is/am/are doing) is/am/are being done 过去进行时 (was/were doing) was/were being done 现在完成时 (have/has done) have/has been done 带情态动词 (can/must/may do) can/must/may be done 主动语态： S （主语） + P （谓语） + O （宾语） 被动语态： S （主语） + P( 被动结构 )+ by O （宾语） 一般现在时： is/am/are+p.p 一般过去时： was/were +p.p 一般将来时： will be +p.p 详见上页 主动语态变为被动语态 Practise(2): Make sentences a computer/ use /every day A computer is used every day. the bridge/ build /last year The bridge was built last year. these big buildings/ build /next year These big buildings will be built next year. the thief/ catch /the policemen/yesterday The thief was caught by the policemen yesterday. Ex 1. 把下列的句子改为被动语态 Many people visit Shenzhen every year. Shenzhen _____ _______ _______ many people every year. is visited by 2. They built some houses in the village. Some houses _______ _______ by _______ in the village. were built them 3. We will tell you everything about it tomorrow. You ______ ______ _____ everything about it tomorrow . will be told 4. The students can use the computer. The computer ______ _______ _______ by the students. can be used 5. He has sold out all the books. All the books ______ _______ _______ ______ by him. have been sold out 6. The worker is repairing a car now. A car _____ _______ ________ by the worker now. is being repaired 7. They took these photos on the Great Wall. These photos _______ ________ on the Great Wall. were taken 8. The girls have sent some flowers to the singer. Some flowers _______ _______ _______ to the singer. have been sent 9. You must finish your work before you go to bed. Your work ______ ______ ________ before you go to bed. must be finished The fish has been eaten by the cat. The fish will be eaten by the cat. the tree/ cut The tree is being cut by the man. shenzhen airport/ use /for a long time Shenzhen airport has been used for a long time. The World Trade Centre/ smash down ( 撞毁） The World Trade Centre was smashed down. this kind of car / can make /in this factory This kind of car can be made in this factory. Pay attention ! She gave me some money. I was given some money by her. Some money was given to me by her. He will show me some photos. I will be shown some photos by him. Some photos will be shown to me by him. Pay attention ! His mother makes him play the piano. He is made to play the piano by his mother. We saw them go out. They were seen to go out by us. The boss made the workers work all day. The workers were made to work all day by the boss. 1. These new cars____________(make) in 1994. 2. Li Ming_____________(ask) to visit HK. next month. 3. A new composition ______________ (write)now. 4. A hole _____________(dig) at that time. 5. A new hotel _______________(build) when I got there. 6. He bought me a book. A book _____ ______ _________me by him. 7. They call him Bob. He ___________ Bob by them . were made will be asked is being written was being dug had been built was bought for is called They don’t use the room. The room _____________ by them. 2. Did Tom use it ? _______ it _______ by Tom? 3.Who made it ? Who _______it ________ by? 4. Where did you find them? Where ________they ________ by you? isn’t used Was used was made were found Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets . The bridge ( build) last year. The Olympic Games (hold) every four years. The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. His new book (publish) next month. The classroom (not clean) yet. was built are held is being discussed will be published has not been cleaned Read text-1 6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks. 8. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project . (finish) by 2010. was being repaired had been typed would be given will have been learned would have been finished