专题09 必修5Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

专题09 必修5Unit1-Unit2高频词汇分类解读-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

‎2019英语艺体生百题突破专题系列之英语 根据艺体生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1．conclude vt.　断定，推断出；作出结论(不用于进行时)‎ conclusion n．　结论，推论 conclude...by/with...以……结束 conclude to do sth. 决定做某事 conclude...from...从……中推断 in conclusion 最后，总之 bring...to a conclusion 使……结束 make a conclusion 下结论 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落 ‎2．attend vt.&vi. 出席；参加；照料，护理 attendance n. 出席，到场，参加 attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学 attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to 处理，注意，专心于，照料 ‎3．expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临 exposure n. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭发 expose sth./sb./oneself (to...)显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给……)‎ be exposed to 暴露于……‎ ‎4．cure n. 治愈；痊愈　vt. 治愈；治疗 curable adj. 可治愈的 a cure for... 针对……的治疗 cure sb. of sth. 消除某人……；治愈某人……‎ 拓展：vt.＋sb. ＋of sth.结构的短语还有：‎ remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事 rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事 ‎5．absorb vt.吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解，获取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或兴趣 absorb water/light/heat (＝take in) 吸收水/光/热 absorb what sb. said 理解某人所说的话 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎6．suspect vt.怀疑；不信任n．嫌疑犯；可疑对象 suspect sth.怀疑某事 suspect thatclause怀疑……‎ suspect sb. of(doing) sth.怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事 suspect sb. to be...猜想某人是……‎ ‎7．blame n．&vt.责备；责任 blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(此处不能用被动语态)‎ accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人 ‎8．contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿)‎ contribution n. 贡献，捐献，投稿 contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人 contribute to sth. 增加，增添；促成某事 contribute sth. to/towards 给……捐献/捐赠 contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿 make a contribution to...为……作贡献 ‎9．reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制 n．被拒绝或抛弃的人或物 提示：reject与refuse的区别 refuse指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。‎ reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。‎ She refused (to accept) my gift.＝She rejected my gift.她拒绝接受我的礼物。‎ ‎10．consist vi. 组成，一致 consistent adj. 协调的，一致的 consist of 由……组成，包括(无进行时态和被动语态)‎ consist in 在于，存在于 consist with 符合，一致 be consistent with... 和……一致；相符 be made up of 由……组成 be composed of 由……组成 ‎10．attract vt.吸引；引诱 attraction n．[U]吸引；吸引力；[C]吸引人的事物 attractive adj.有魅力的；吸引人的；引人注目的 attract sb./sth. to...把某人/物吸引到……‎ be attracted to 对……有兴趣/好感 attract sb.‘s attention/interest/criticism吸引某人的注意/吸引某人的兴趣/招致某人的批评 ‎ have attraction for 对……有吸引力 be an attraction to sb.对……来说很吸引人 ‎11．convenience n. 便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施 convenient adj. 方便的，便利的 for the convenience of... 为了方便……‎ for (the sake of) convenience 为了方便起见 at one‘s convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点 be convenient for sb./sth. 对于……是方便的 提示：convenience 意为“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；作“便利的事物；便利设施”讲时为可数名词。convenient 为其形容词形式，用做表语时，主语不能是人，常用于 It is convenient for sb. to do sth.这一句型。‎ ‎12．arrange v. 筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列 arrangement n. 安排，筹备 arrange sth. 整理，布置，排列；安排，筹备 arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 arrange (with sb.) to do sth. (与某人)约定干某事 arrange that... 商定……；安排 make arrangements for 安排好 come to an arrangement 达成协议 提示：不能用 arrange sb. to do sth. 结构，应该使用 arrange for sb. to do sth. 结构。‎ ‎13．delight vt. 使……高兴/欣喜n.[U]高兴，快乐，喜悦；[C]令人愉快的事 ‎(much) to one‘s delight to one’s (great) delight使某人(大为)高兴的是 take/find/have delight in (doing) sth. 喜爱，以……为乐 be delighted at/by/with sth. 因/对……感到高兴 be delighted to do sth./that－clause 高兴地去做……‎ It is a delight to do sth. 做某事是一件令人愉快的事 ‎14．thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊n.兴奋；紧张 thrilled adj.兴奋的，激动的 thrilling adj.令人感到兴奋的 give sb. a thrill to do sth./of doing sth.做某事让某人感到激动 be thrilled at/about/with sth.对……感到兴奋 ‎（2）短语 ‎1．put forward 提出，推荐；将……提前 put away/aside 放在一边；收拾起来；储存 put back 放回，拨回 put down 写下；镇压；放下 put forth 提出；颁布 put...into 把……翻译成 put off 延期，推迟 put on 穿、戴上；(速度、体重)增加；上演 put out 扑灭，熄灭 put through 接通电话 put up 举起；建造；张贴 put up with 忍受，忍耐，容忍 ‎11．apart from除……之外 take...apart把……拆开 tell...apart区分，辨别 set/put apart留出 ‎2．make sense 讲得通；有道理；很有意义 make sense of sth. 懂；了解……的含义 make no sense 讲不通；无意义 in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上 in no sense 决不是；决非 There is no sense in doing sth. 做……没必要/道理 a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感 common sense 常识 ‎3．divide...into... 把……分成……‎ divide...between/among/with... 和……分担/分配/分享 divide...by... 用……除以……‎ divide...in half (two)/into halves 把……分成两部分 ‎4．break away (from) 挣脱；脱离 break down (机器)出故障；(讨论、谈判、希望、计划等)失败；打破；(化学)分解；身体垮掉 break in 破门而入；打断 break into 闯入；突然……起来(后接 tears, laughter等)‎ break out 战争爆发；(火灾)发生 break off 折断，打断；突然停止讲话；休息；断绝；结束 break through 突围；突破；冲垮；克服 break up 拆开，结束；解散 ‎5．leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 leave about 乱放(东西)‎ leave alone 别管；别惹；不打扰 leave aside 搁置 leave behind 留在后面；没带走 leave for (＝go off to) 动身去……‎ leave off 停止；中断 ‎6．take the place of (＝replace) 代替；取代 take place (事情)发生，产生；举办，举行 take one’s place 代替，接替 in place of 代替 in place 在适当的位置 in the first place 最初，首先，第一II.常考的阅读理解词汇及短语：（它们在阅读中出现的几率极高，阅读40分志在必得，现在开始狂背哟。）‎ Unit 1‎ characteristic n. 特征；特性 radium n. 镭 painter n. 画家；油漆匠 put forward 提出 scientific adj. 科学的 conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出 ‎ conclusion n. 结论；结束 ‎ draw a conclusion 提出结论 analyse vt. 分析 defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败 expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家 attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加 physician n. 医生；内科医师 expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 expose…to 使显露；暴露 cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗 challenge n. 挑战vt. 向……挑战 victim n. 受害者 absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 suspect vt. 怀疑 ‎ n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 enquiry n. 询问 neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近 severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 pump n. 泵；抽水机 ‎ vt. （用泵）抽（水）‎ foresee vt. 预见；预知 blame vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 pollute vt. 污染；弄脏 handle n. 柄；把手 ‎ vt. 处理；操纵 link vt. & n. 连接；联系 ‎ link…to… 将……和……联系或连接起来 announce vt. 宣布；通知 instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导 construct vt. 建设；修建 ‎ construction n. 建设；建筑物 contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助 apart from 除……之外；此外 firework n. 烟火（燃放）‎ chart n. 图表 positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎（be）strict with… 对……严格的 movement n. 移动；运动；动作 make sense 讲得通；有意义 backward adv. & adj. 向后地（的）；‎ ‎ 相反地（的）；退步地（的）‎ spin vi. & vt. (使)旋转；‎ ‎ 纺（线或纱）‎ enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的 reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃 universe n. 宇宙；世界 Unit 2‎ unite vi. & vt. 联合；团结 kingdom n. 王国 consist vi. 组成；在于；一致 consist of 由……组成 province n. 省；行政区 divide…into 把……分成 clarify vt. 澄清；阐明 accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现 conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 unwilling adj. 不愿意（的）；不乐意（的）‎ break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）；脱离 union n. 联合；联盟；结合；协会 credit n. 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷 to one’s credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下 currency n. 货币；通货 institution n. 制度；机制；公共机构 convenience n. 便利；方便 rough adj. 粗糙的；粗暴的 ‎ roughly adv. 粗略地；粗糙地 nationwide adj. 全国性的；‎ ‎ 全国范围的 attract vt. 吸引；引起注意 architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术 collection n. 收藏品；珍藏；收集 administration n. 管理；行政部门 port n. 港口（城市）‎ countryside n. 乡下；农村 enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的 leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 opportunity n. 机会；时机 description n. 描写；描述 fax n. 传真（机）vt. 用传真传输（文件）‎ possibility n. 可能（性）‎ plus prep. 加上；和 ‎ adj. 加的；正的；零上的 quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架vi. 争吵；吵架 alike adj. 相同的；类似的 break down (机器)损坏；破坏 arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理 wedding n. 婚礼 fold vt. 折叠；对折 sightseeing n. 观光；游览 royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的 uniform n. 制服 splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的 statue n. 塑像；雕像 communism n. 共产主义 thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊 pot n. 罐；壶 error n. 错误；过失；谬误 tense n. 时态 consistent adj. 一致的 III.重点句型背诵 ‎1.every time 充当连词的时间状语从句，意为“每当……”，相当于 when。某些表达时间的名词词组可直接充当连词，即“名词连词化现象”。常见的有：‎ ‎(1)不定代词＋time　如：any time, each time... (2)序数词＋time　如：the first/last time... (3)the＋瞬时名词　如：the minute/moment/instant (4)the＋时间名词　如：the day/night/month/time... ①He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。‎ ‎②The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.他第一次做实验就成功了。 ③I‘ll give him your message the minute he arrives.等他一到，我就把你的口信给他。 ④He bought a computer the day he got his salary.他发工资那天买了一台电脑。 ‎ ‎2.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词 be放在主语之前。‎ ‎①Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。 ‎ ‎②Only in this way can you make progress.只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。 ③Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年战争结束时他才能回家。‎ 拓展：if only要是……该多好，但愿。if only从句可单独使用，这时要用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望用 had done；与现在相反的愿望用 did/were；表示与将来相反的愿望用 “would/could/might＋动词原形”。 ①If only I had gone to Beijing.我要是去了北京就好了。 ②If only he could come tomorrow.他要是明天能来就好了。‎ ‎3.It seems/is strange that...“……有点奇怪”，that 从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 意为“竟然”，表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。‎ 拓展：在 “It is natural/important/necessary/a pity/a shame＋that 从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词也用“should＋动词原形”结构；should 在这些句型中表示惊讶、气愤、惋惜等情感。 ①It was strange that he should have said that!他竟然说那样的话，真是奇怪！ ②It‘s a pity that he should fail to grasp the chance when it arose.机会出现时，他竟然没有抓住，真是遗憾。‎ 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．A nurse _____________(照料) to his needs constantly.‎ ‎2．Mr Smith is a __________(内科医师) in the hospital.‎ ‎3．A scientific theory is the result of the _________ (科学的) method.‎ ‎4．She doesn't want to _________ (暴露) herself to the public, because she is a shy girl.‎ ‎5．Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _____________(挑战) we face.‎ attended　physician scientific expose challenges ‎ ‎6．He drew a c_____________ after a lot of experiments.‎ ‎7．Who is to b___________ for starting the fire?‎ ‎8．A____________ from your spelling, your composition is rather good.‎ ‎9．Have they a_____________ when the plane will take off?‎ ‎10．You must be c_____________________ when crossing the street.‎ conclusion　blame Apart announced cautious/careful ‎11．We have ________________(完成) all we set out to do.‎ ‎12．The ___________(辉煌的) image of Lei Feng will forever live in the heart of the people.‎ ‎13．Please come at your ___________________ (方便)．‎ ‎14．The old man has a large _________ (收集) of old china.‎ ‎15．What he wrote isn’t ___________(一致) with what he told us ‎16．F________ the paper along the dotted line..‎ accomplished　splendid convenience collection consistent Fold ‎17．She was t_____________ with terror when she saw the scene of the murder.‎ ‎18．I was d___________ to be invited to her party.‎ ‎19．We are going to Mount Tai for s______________.‎ ‎20．A fine－looking gentleman in a military u__________ has been standing across the corner watching you.‎ thrilled　delighted sightseeing uniform ‎ II.短语填空 ‎(1)She often ___________ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建议。‎ ‎(2)The mechanics ______ the engine ______.机械师把发动机拆开了。‎ ‎(3)What he says ____________.他说的有道理。‎ ‎(4)The teacher __________ the class ______ small groups for a discussion. 老师把这班分成几个小组进行讨论。 (5)If Tim carries on working like this, he‘ll ____________ sooner or later.如果蒂姆继续这样工作，身体迟早会垮掉。‎ ‎(6)You can ____________ the details; just give us the main facts.你可以省去细节，告诉我们主要的事实就行了。‎ ‎(7)I can’t go to the meeting myself, so Mary will ______________.我不能亲自出席会议，因此玛丽将替代我。 1.puts forward2.took apart 3. makes sense 4.divided into5.break down6.leave out7.take my place III.语法填空 ‎1. He speaks English ________ clearly that he can always make himself understood.‎ ‎2. Some people haven’t realized something as common as ________(expose) to the sun for a long time will do harm to their skin and even cause skin cancer.‎ ‎3. When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely ________(absorb) in the humorous stories he was reading.‎ ‎4. ________(suspect) of being involved in the attempted murder, she was questioned by the police.‎ ‎5. According to the latest report, human beings are ________(blame) for the abnormal climate around the whole world.‎ ‎6. When ________(ask ) if he had any idea what the novel was about, Jack kept silent. He couldn’t have read it very carefully.‎ ‎7. ________ was the most important for us to hire employees, the boss said, was their capacities for work rather than their diplomas.‎ ‎8. If what parents say is not consistent ________ what they do, it will have a bad effect on their children.‎ ‎9. Thousands of foreigners were ________(attract) to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.‎ ‎10. Though computers can do a lot of work man can’t do, they can’t completely take the place ________ human beings.‎ ‎11. He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system broke ________.‎ ‎12. My boss arranged for me ________(discuss) business details with someone from another company.‎ ‎13. It is a pity ________ we can’t find the guy who did it.‎ ‎14. Since they couldn’t fit in with each other, some broke away ________ the team.‎ ‎15. What about dividing ourselves ________ four groups?‎ ‎【答案】1. so 2. being exposed 3. absorbed 4. Suspected 5. to blame6. asked 7. What 8. with 9. attracted 10. of 11. down 12. to discuss 13. that 14. from 15. into IV．完成句子 ‎1. His attitude suggested that the proposal ________ ________(提出) by the doctor made no sense.‎ ‎2. It seems that his parents ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(在学习上对他要求严格).‎ ‎3. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(可以肯定地说) pollution has a bad effect on our daily life.‎ ‎4. Neither side is to blame for it, because discussions between the two sides ________ ________ ________(已经破裂) and they are dissatisfied with each other.‎ ‎5. ________ ________ ________(值得称赞的是), the famous writer has contributed himself to creating detective ‎ stories.‎ ‎【答案】1. put forward 2. are strict with him in his study 3. It can be said with certainty that4. have broken down 5. To his credit V.句型填空 ‎1.He brings her flowers _______ he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。‎ ‎2.Only in this way ____________________.只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。 ‎ ‎3.It’s ___________ he should fail to grasp the chance when it arose.机会出现时，他竟然没有抓住，真是遗憾。‎ ‎1. every time 2. can you make progress 3.a pity that VI．范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world. He had more than 1 000 inventions. In his life time, he was always eager to know how things worked, which helped him to earn the nickname “the Wizard of Melo Park”. He was also so diligent that he worked day and night. And（1）这解释了他为什么有如此多的发明的原因____________________________________________. ‎ What impresses me most is his famous saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety－nine percent perspiration”. Probably I cannot be an Edison myself, but I can be a hardworking learner.（2）从他身上，我懂得成功的秘密不是你什么时候、在哪里出生的而是你在做什么和怎么做_______________________________________________________________________. ‎ 答案：‎