四川绵阳南山中学2021届高三二诊仿真考试英语试题 Word版含解析

四川绵阳南山中学2021届高三二诊仿真考试英语试题 Word版含解析

2020 年秋季绵阳南山中学高 2021 届二诊仿真考试 英语试题 第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共 100 分) 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A iPhone 12 Outlook Featuring the same 6.1-inch display size as the iPhone 11 and iPhone XR before it, iPhone 12 is making the transition from an LCD screen to OLED. With flat aluminum sides for an overall look, it more closely matches the iPad Pro and iPad Air. Aside from the flat sides, iPhone 12 still largely resembles the iPhone 11. Around back, it has two cameras housed in a glass circle, which makes for a nice contrast with the rest of the smooth back panel. To avoid being broken or cracked when dropped, iPhone 12 is covered with what Apple describes as a “ceramic shield”. Camera The iPhone 12 has a 12-megapixel f/1.6 main camera-the fastest aperture(光圈) in any iPhone yet. The low-light performance has improved, and its advancements in computational photography to maximize detail and dynamic range has also been achieved. The front camera on the iPhone 12 is gaining Night Mode, as well. Processor iPhone 12 is powered by the company’s new A14 Bionic processor, which is the first smartphone chip built on a 5nm process, leading to improved performance and efficiency. It’s claimed that the processor is up to 50 percent faster than the leading chips in Android smartphones. Wireless charging To improve wireless charging on the iPhone 12, it contains a “MagSafe” system with built-in magnets to guarantee that the iPhone 12 properly lines up with the MagSafe accessories. 1. What is the size of iPhone 12? A. About 6.1-inch as that of iPhone Max. B. The same size as iPad Pro. C. Bigger than that of iPhone 11. D. As big as iPhone XR. 2. What’s the function of the “MagSafe” system? A. To carry out the wired charging of iPhone 12. B. To perfectly match the iPad Pro and iPad Air. C. To make sure the iPhone 12 is right for the MagSafe accessories. D. To process the information in a more rapid way. 3. Which of the followings is TRUE about iPhone 12? A. There are only two cameras placed separately in front and back. B. It is powered by A14 Bionic processor used in Android smartphones. C. All cameras of iPhone 12 have the Night Mode. D. A ceramic shield helps protect against breaking and cracking. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章是一则 iPhone 12 手机的介绍，介绍了这款手机的外观、相机、处理和无线充电等情 况。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Featuring the same 6.1-inch display size as the iPhone 11 and iPhone XR before it, iPhone 12 is making the transition from an LCD screen to OLED.( iPhone 12 的屏幕尺寸与之前的 iPhone 11 和 iPhone XR 相同，为 6.1 英寸，iPhone 12 正在从 LCD 屏幕过渡到 OLED 屏幕)”可知，iPhone 12 的尺寸和 iPhone XR 一样大。故选 D。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“To improve wireless charging on the iPhone 12, it contains a “MagSafe” system with built-in magnets to guarantee that the iPhone 12 properly lines up with the MagSafe accessories.(为了改善 iPhone 12 的无线充电性能，它内置了“MagSafe”系统，以确保 iPhone 12 与 MagSafe 配件相匹配)”可知， MagSafe 系统的功能是确保 iPhone 12 可以匹配 MagSafe 配件。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“To avoid being broken or cracked when dropped, iPhone 12 is covered with what Apple describes as a ‘ceramic shield’.(为了避免摔碎或摔裂，iPhone 12 覆盖了一层苹果称之为‘超瓷晶面板’ 的材料)”可知，D 选项“超瓷晶面板有助于防止破碎和开裂”正确。故选 D。 B Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn't much-a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed——the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick,and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out. Her name was Rosalind Franklin. "She should have been up there," says historian Mary Bowden. “If her photos hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure." One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions. At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA'S parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King's College in London,Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape. But Wilkins and Franklin's relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project. What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.” “As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers,” says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.” No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,”Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light. 4. Why did Watson get angry with Franklin? A. Because Franklin kept her results from him. B. Because Franklin took the led in the competition. C. Because Franklin proved some of his finding wrong. D. Because Franklin shared her data with other scientists. 5. Why is Franklin described as "Dark Lady of DNA"? A. She developed pictures in dark labs. B. Her name was forgotten after her death. C. She discovered the black X——the shape of DNA. D. Her contribution was unknown to the public. 6. What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick? A. Respectful B. Disapproving C. Admiring D. Doubtful 7. Which can be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Much pain, no gain. B. Be nice, never finish last. C. When one door closes, another opens. D. Where there is a will, there is a way. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 【解析】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Rosalind Franklin 虽然对 DNA 的发现有重大贡献，但却始终不为人所知的 一系列事情。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson (她所做的是制作 X 光照片，告诉 Watson 和 Crick，他们早期的一个模型是颠倒的。她毫不避讳地这样说。这激怒了 Watson)” 可知，Watson 生 Franklin 的气，是因为 Franklin 证明了他的一些发现是错误的。故选 C。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers,” says historian Pnina Abir-Am.(历史学家 Pnina Abir-Am 说：“作 为富兰克林的竞争对手，威尔金斯、沃森和克里克通过把富兰克林排除在研究小组之外而获益颇多。”)”以 及最后一段中“She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA . Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.(在解开 DNA 结构的问题上，她的贡献比其他 任何人都要大。曾被描述为“DNA 的黑暗女士”的富兰克林终于被人们知晓)”，可推知，Franklin 被称为 “Dark Lady of DNA”，是因为她的贡献不为公众所知。故选 D。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers,” says historian Pnina Abir-Am.(历史学家 Pnina Abir-Am 说：“作 为富兰克林的竞争对手，威尔金斯、沃森和克里克通过把富兰克林排除在研究小组之外而获益颇多。”)”以 及 最 后 一 段 中 “No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,”Abir-Am says.(不，Franklin 就是解决方案。在解开 DNA 结构的问题上，她的贡献比其他任何人都要大。她必须被视为一个共同发现者，” Abir-Am 说)”可推 出作者肯定了 Franklin 对研究的贡献，是她起到了关键作用，对其他三位科学家 Wilkins, Watson 和 Crick 是 不赞成，故选 B。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed——the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.(但其中三人因为发现了这 张照片真正展示的东西——DNA 的形状而获得了诺贝尔奖。这一发现为科学家 James Watson、Francis Crick 和 Maurice Wilkins 带来了名誉和财富。第四个人，也就是拍这张照片的人，被排除在外了)”以及第二段中 “Her name was Rosalind Franklin. "She should have been up there," says historian Mary Bowden. “If her photos hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure."(她叫 Rosalind Franklin。历史学家 Mary Bowden 说：“她也应该在那里的。如果没有她的照片，其他人根本不可能想出这个结构。”)”结合文章 主要讲述了 Rosalind Franklin 虽然对 DNA 的发现有重大贡献，但却始终不为人所知的一系列事情。可知， A 选项“多劳无获”最符合文章标题。故选 A。 C Currently, vegetarianism is increasingly popular, but it is still not the best option for many. If you may be contemplating removing meat from your diet but do not want to go completely meat-free,perhaps try going meat-free for just one day a week. Sharon Palmer, a registered dietitian and author of Plant Powered for Life, discuses how "research consistently shows that plant based diets are linked with a lower risk of obesity, hypertension,heart disease ,type 2 diabetes and cancer. She says, "Even going meatless one day a week can make a difference, as you increase all of those whole plant-foods beans, wholegrains, nuts, seeds, vegetables,fruits-and decrease more animal foods, in particular red and processed meat. A high intake of these foods has been linked with increased disease risk.” Deciding to have a more plant-based diet also increases your intake of fiber, vitamins healthy fats and minerals. To help to do this，stocking your fridge with a variety of beans seasonable veggies , wholegrains, herbs, nuts and seeds is Palmer's secret to eating more plant-based meals. Palmer's other recommendation is“plantifying”"your favorite dishes. "Just make your favorite dishes or meals plant-based,with a few changes. If you love Taco Tuesday, make your tacos veggie by skipping the meat and serving black beans or a vegetarian mushroom with tofu filling. If you love Indian food, skip the chicken masala and have chickpea masala instead. These will be foods you already love and are familiar with.” Her biggest advice is to pick one day a week to follow through this and mark it on your calendar, "I love the Meatless Monday idea because people often start their best behaviour at the beginning of the week. . .However, there may be a better day of the week for you. So just plan it. " Palmer said. 8. What does the underlined words “contemplating" in Paragraph l most probably mean? A. Stopping B. Delaying C. Resisting D. Considering. 9. Why does the writer mention Sharon Palmer as a registered dietitian and author of a book? A. To make us firmly believe Palmer’s advice. B. To help us better understand Palmer 's theory. C. To promote Palmer's popular book to readers D. To let us the popularity of Palmer's advice. 10. Which of the following does Palmer advise to "plantify" your favorite dishes? A. Trying going meat-free one day a week. B. Stocking your fridge with whole plant foods. C. Using vegetable filings, not meat for dumplings. D. Planning a meatless day of the week as you like. 11. Which word best describes Palmer's advice? A. Theoretical B. Practical C. Boring D. Unrealistic. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何将肉从食谱中去除，研究表明，我们可以试着每周只吃一天肉。 【8 题详解】 .词义猜测题。根据划线单词后“removing meat from your diet but do not want to go completely meat-free, perhaps try going meat-free for just one day a week.”可知，从饮食中去除肉类，但又不想完全不吃肉，也许可 以试着每周只吃一天肉。由此可推知，划线单词“contemplating” 的意思是“考虑”，表示考虑从饮食中去 除肉类。故选 D。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Sharon Palmer, a registered dietitian and author of Plant Powered for Life, discusses how “research consistently shows that plant based diets are linked with a lower risk of obesity, hypertension, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer”.可知，Sharon Palmer 是一位注册营养师，也是《植物为生命提供动力》一书的作者，她讨论了“研究一致表明植物性饮食与降 低肥胖、高血压、心脏病、2 型糖尿病和癌症的风险有关”，由此可推知，作者提及 Sharon Palmer 是一位 注册营养师，也是《植物动力生命》一书的作者，目的是让读者坚定地相信 Palmer 的建议。故选 A。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Just make your favorite entrees or meals plant-based, with a few swaps. If you love Taco Tuesday, make your tacos veggie by skipping the meat and serving black beans or a vegetarian mushroom with tofu filling. If you love Indian food, skip the chicken masala and have chickpea masala instead. These will be foods you already love and are familiar with.”可知，只要做你最喜欢的主菜或饭菜，以植物为基 础，有一些交换。如果你喜欢周二的墨西哥玉米卷，那就做素食的墨西哥玉米卷吧，不吃肉，而用黑豆或 素食蘑菇夹豆腐。如果你喜欢印度食物，不要吃鸡肉马沙拉，而吃鹰嘴豆马沙拉。这些都是你已经喜欢并 熟悉的食物。由此可推知，要让你最爱的食物以植物为基础，包饺子可以用蔬菜馅而不是肉馅。故选 C。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后第一段“Her biggest advice is to pick one day a week to follow through this and mark it on your calendar. ”可知，她最大的建议是每周选择一天，以完成此操作并将其标记在日历上。由此可知，Palmer 的建议比较实用。故选 B。 D Do you find yourself unable to go more than 15 minutes without reaching into your pocket, pulling out your smart phone and checking your e-mail or WeChat? Don't panic. You are hardly alone. A recent survey shows that smart phone users have developed "checking habit"—frequently checks of e-mails and other Apps. The checks normally lasted less than 30 seconds and were often done every 10minutes. On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day. And the strangest part is that they don't even realize they are doing it. "I hadn't told my hand to reach out for the phone. It seemed to be doing it all on its own," wrote Elizabeth Cohen, a medical correspondent for CNN who watched her right hand sneaking away from her side to grab her phone while sitting on the table at dinner with friends. Loren Frank, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), explains that checking smart phones is rewarding in some way. "Each time you get an e-mail, it's a little bit exciting, because it means a positive feedback that you're an important person," Frank told CNN. Once the brain becomes used to this positive feedback, reaching out for the phone becomes an automatic action you don't even think about consciously, said Frank. Professor Clifford Nass of Stanford University added that constantly checking your smart phone is also “an attempt to not have to think hard but feel like you are doing something". However, every coin has two sides. This habit can cause problems. Study show that whenever you take a break from what you are doing to check your smart phone, it is hard to go back to your original task, according to Adam Gazzaley, a neurologist at UCSF. That's not the worst. A survey by South Korean marriage consulting agency Duo earlier this year shows that smart phones are destroying intimate relationships, reports The Korea Herald (韩国先 驱报). About half or the respondents said they had had fights with their boyfriend or girlfriend because of smart phones. And 32.8 percent of them fought about smart phone obsession. In this respect, checking smart-phones at regular intervals is a bad habit. But just as an old saying goes, "Bad habits die hard.” So to get rid of the checking habit, Cohen suggests establishing phone-free times and zones. 12. What is the most unusual part of the study subjects? A. The times of phone checks. B. The lasting time of phone checks. C. The unawareness of checking phones. D. The high frequency of checking phones. 13. What does Loren Frank think of checking smart-phones frequently? A. It is worthwhile in some way. B. It is necessary to think hard. C. It is unimportant for those busy people. D. It is likely to cause neurological diseases. 14. Which of the following is the worst effect of the “checking habit” has on phone users? A. They might not have a good rest. B. They would be taken in by other people. C. They might get distract from their work. D. They would lost time to keep close relationship. 15. What is the main purpose of writing this passage? A. To introduce a smart-phone consumption survey. B. To present the obsession with smart-phone checking. C. To list the advantage of smart-phone checking habit. D. To offer the ways to quit smart-phone checking habit. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究表明，智能手机用户对查看手机的痴迷，作者认为查看手机过于频 繁会形成习惯，这会影响工作。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“On average, the study subjects check their phones 34 times a day. And the strangest part is that they don't even realize they are doing it.”（研究对象平均每天检查手机 34 次。最奇怪的是，他们 甚至没有意识到自己在这么做。），可知研究对象频繁查看手机，自己却没意识到“查看手机”这一行为， 这是最奇怪的地方。故选 C 项。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Loren Frank, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), explains that checking smart phones is rewarding in some way.”（加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）的神经科学家 Loren Frank 解释说，查看智能手机在某种程度上是值得做的），可知 Loren Frank 认为查看智能手机在某种 程度上是值得的。故选 A 项。 【14 题详解】 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Study show that whenever you take a break from what you are doing to check your smart phone, it is hard to go back to your original task, according to Adam Gazzaley, a neurologist at UCSF.”（加 州大学旧金山分校的神经学家 Adam Gazzaley 表示，研究表明，每当你休息一下，查看你的智能手机，就 很难回到原来的工作。），可知查看智能手机时，工作暂停，很难回到原来的工作中，说明查看智能手机会 使人从工作中分心。故选 C 项。 【15 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 由 第 一 段 中 的 “A recent survey shows that smart phone users have developed "checking habit"—frequently checks of e-mails and other Apps.”（最近的一项调查显示，智能手机用户已经养成了“检 查习惯”——经常检查电子邮件和其他信息应用程序）和下文对于“智能手机用户对查看手机的痴迷”的 介绍，可知本文主要展示了智能手机用户对查看手机的痴迷。故选 B 项。 第二节 七选五 根据短文内容．从短文后的选顶中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many people become successful because they pay attention to the lessons that life teaches them. ____16____ However, by learning to deal with the challenges, one can come out of the experience, wiser, stronger and more able to face whatever else lies ahead. Life lessons can occur in any area. Although we learn many things each day, we don’t always learn something that we feel will affect our behavior for the rest of our lives.___17___It is usually something we are greatly changed by. For example, if we respond in a certain way to something and then face unpleasant consequences, we’ll rethink how we handled the situation. This can serve as a life lesson so that when we’re faced with similar circumstances, we can consciously change our behavior. ___18___ Such lessons in relationships are as varied and unique as each relationship, yet there are common themes. ____19____ Some of us learn a major life lesson when a loved one dies, and we wish we had spent more time with that person. This lesson can result in us spending more time with our remaining loved ones. ___20___ Since the lesson is learned through the consequences of our actions or reactions, in this way we can gain insight into how we think, act and react in certain situations. Perhaps one of the biggest lessons we can finally learn is that while we can’t control everything, we can control our response to things. A. Life lessons are unique to each person. B. Some of these lessons are learned the hard way. C. This separates a life lesson from everything else we learn. D. Spending more time with loved ones is one of the examples. E. Life lessons can serve to help us understand ourselves better. F. One way to improve your life is to learn something new every day. G. To put it simply, a life lesson teaches us not to make the same mistake twice. 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. G 19. D 20. E 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：总结生活教训，铸就美好人生。 【16 题详解】 上文“Many people become successful because they pay attention to the lessons that life teaches them.( 许多人之 所以成功，是因为他们注意到了生活给他们的教训)”说明了许多人成功是因为注意到了教训，下文 “However, by learning to deal with the challenges,...( 然而，通过学习如何应对挑战，……)”说明通过学习如 何应对挑战，变得更有能力， B 项中的 these lessons 与上文中 lessons 语义一致，learned 与下文中 learning 语义一致，B 项“其中有些教训是通过艰难的方式学到的。”承上启下，符合题意。故选 B。 【17 题详解】 上 文 “Life lessons can occur in any area. Although we learn many things each day, we don’t always learn something that we feel will affect our behavior for the rest of our lives.( 生活课程（教训）可以发生在任何领域。 虽然我们每天学到很多东西，但我们并不总是学到一些我们认为会影响我们余生行为的东西)”说明了生活 课程（教训）可以发生在任何领域，而其他每天学到的课程并不都能影响我们人生， C 项中的 a life lesson 与上文中 life lessons 语义一致， C 项“这将我们学到的生活课程与其他课程区分开来。”承接上文，进一 步说明生活课程不同于其他课程。下文“It is usually something we are greatly changed by. (这通常是我们被极 大地改变了的东西)”是对空格处的解释，说明区别在于“生活课程（教训）改变人生”。故选 C。 【18 题详解】 上文“This can serve as a life lesson so that when we’re faced with similar circumstances, we can consciously change our behavior .( 这可以作为人生的一课，当我们面对相似的环境时，我们可以有意识地改变我们的行 为)”说明了生活课程（教训）教会我们遇到相似的情况不再犯错， G 项“简而言之，生活课程（教训）告 诉我们不要重复（两次）犯同样的错误。”是对上文的总结概括。上文关键词 a life lesson，similar 与选项 中 a life lesson，the same 语义一致。故选 G。 【19 题详解】 下文“Some of us learn a major life lesson when a loved one dies, and we wish we had spent more time with that person. (当我们所爱的人去世的时候，我们中的一些人学到了人生中的重要一课，我们希望我们能花更多的 时间和那个人在一起)”说明当爱的人去世时，我们希望有更多的时间和他们一起，D 项中的 Spending more time with loved ones 与下文中 had spent more time with that person 语义一致，符合题意。故选 D。 【20 题详解】 下文“Since the lesson is learned through the consequences of our actions or reactions, in this way we can gain insight into how we think, act and react in certain situations.（既然这个教训是通过我们的行为或反应的结果来 学习的，这样我们就可以深入了解我们在特定情况下的思考、行动和反应。）”说明教训是通过了解我们自 己学习到的，E 项中 understand ourselves better 和下文 the lesson is through the consequences of our actions or reactions 相关。E 项“生活课程（教训）可以帮助我们更好地了解自己。”位于段首，点明本段的中心。 故选 E 项。 第三部分语言 知识运用(共两节,满分 45 分) 第一节（共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。 Luis Escobar, a coach at St. Joseph High in Santa Maria, was just looking for a fun idea to change the practice for his summer program. ___21___, he took 14 runners from his school to the local animal shelter, and paired them with 14 dogs. “When I first ___22___ the idea there were a lot of eye rolls,” he said. ___23___, it is a group of high schoolers. The group got a bit excited when they were told the run would ___24___ as part of their community service requirement that everyone at their high school has to meet. Then once the students saw the dogs, they immediately became just more ___25___. “I wasn't sure who was more excited,” he said, “the ___26___ or the dogs.” After a short ___27___, the group went for a mile and a half run. Escobar ___28___ the amazing practice and posted the video online - as he does with many of the different ___29___ he does with his team. It spread quickly and was ____30____ by millions of people on social media. There were thousands of ____31____ and it was quickly picked up by local news. Escobar was ____32____. “I wonder why this is happening,” he said. “I ____33____ everyone's looking for something good.” Soon many coaches have called Escobar asking about how they can ____34____ similar runs with their teams. And a dog equipment company has donated new harnesses (背带牵引绳) to the ____35____ so the dogs can go for a more comfortable ____36____. And there was more good ____37____. Fred, who ran with Josh, one of the 14 high school runners, became a ____38____ dog - his story had the happiest ending. After the run, Josh convinced his mom that their family needed to ____39____ him. “Once he was just this little dog ____40____ in a metal cage,” Escobar said. “And now he's at home with Josh and his family.” 21. A. Otherwise B. Instead C. Therefore D. However 22. A. changed B. rejected C. presented D. knew 23. A. In particular B. In fact C. As usual D. After all 24. A. count B. adore C. possess D. occupy 25. A. ambitious B. thoughtful C. faithful D. enthusiastic 26 A. trainers B. employees C. kids D. teachers 27. A. hesitation B. introduction C. competition D. evaluation 28. A. filmed B. watched C. supported D. required 29. A. tricks B. games C. studies D. activities. 30. A. challenged B. shared C. researched D. blamed 31. A. comments B. refusals C. complaints D. demands 32. A. relaxed B. shocked C. disappointed D. embarrassed 33. A. declare B. guarantee C. guess D. prove 34. A. figure out B. get through C. respond to D. participate in 35. A. shelter B. community C. government D. family 36. A. job B. team C. run D. journey 37. A. news B. life C. experience D. practice 38. A. lovely B. wild C. clumsy D. lucky 39. A. trust B. adopt C. encourage D. comfort 40. A. wandering B. trembling C. thinking D. dancing 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一位学校教练将 14 名学生和收容所的狗组队进行跑步并录制视频发布在网 站，引起了人们的分享和关注，最终还发生了收容所狗被收养的好事。 【21 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，他从他的学校里带了 14 名跑步者去当地的动物收容所，并且将他们和 14 只狗进行组队。A. Otherwise 否则；B. Instead 相反；C. Therefore 因此，所以；D. However 然而，可是。 前 一句“Luis Escobar, a coach at St. Joseph High in Santa Maria, was just looking for a fun idea to change the practice for his summer program.”表达的是 Luis Escobar，一位圣马利亚市圣约瑟夫高中的教练，正在为他的 暑期项目寻找改变训练的有趣方法。由此可见，前一句 “寻找改变训练的有趣方法”和本句的“挑选跑步 者和狗组队”之间是因果关系。选项 C. Therefore 因此，所以，表示因果关系，符合语境。故选 C。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次描述这个想法的时候，遭到了很多白眼。A. changed 改变；B. rejected 拒绝；C. presented 描述，展现；D. knew 知道，了解。由第三段的第一句“The group got a bit excited when they were told the run would ___4___ as part of their community service requirement that everyone at their high school has to meet.”可知，当他们被告知此次跑步将算入在高中阶段他们每个人都必须满足的社区服务里的 一部分的时候，这组成员变得非常兴奋。由此可见，当我第一次告诉他们这个跑步想法的时候，他们是翻 白眼的。选项 C. presented 描述，展现，和第三段第一句中的 told 相呼应，符合语境。故选 C。 【23 题详解】 考查介词词组词义辨析。句意：毕竟，这是一组高中生。A. In particular 尤其，特别；B. In fact 实际上；C. As usual 像往常一样；D. After all 毕竟。由前一句““When I first ___2___ the idea there were a lot of eye rolls,” he said.”可知，他说，“当我第一次描述这个想法的时候，遭到了很多白眼。”本句“这是一组高中生” 是对前一句“遭到很多白眼”的让步。选项 D. After all 毕竟，表示的是一种让步关系，符合语境。故选 D。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们被告知此次跑步将算入在高中阶段他们每个人都必须满足的社区服务里 的一部分的时候，这组成员变得非常兴奋。A. count 把……算入，包括；B. adore 崇拜，爱慕；C. possess 拥 有，控制；D. occupy 占用，占领。由本句中的“as part of their community service requirement that everyone at their high school has to meet.”可知，作为每个人在他们高中必须满足的社区服务要求的一部分。由此可见， 此次跑步算入到社区服务要求，这群高中生才变得兴奋。选项 A. count 把……算入，符合语境。故选 A。 【25 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后这些学生一见到这些狗，他们立即变得更加热情。A. ambitious 野心勃勃 的；B. thoughtful 深思的，体贴的；C. faithful 忠诚的；D. enthusiastic 狂热的，热情的。前一句“The group got a bit excited when they were told the run would ___4___ as part of their community service requirement that everyone at their high school has to meet.”表达的是，当他们被告知此次跑步将算入在高中阶段他们每个人都 必须满足的社区服务里的一部分的时候，这组成员变得非常兴奋。选项 D. enthusiastic 狂热的，热情的，和 前一句中的“a bit excited”相呼应，符合语境。故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说，“我不确定谁更兴奋，是小孩还是狗。”A. trainers 训练员；B. employees 员工；C. kids 小孩；D. teachers 教师。由第二段的最后一句“it is a group of high schoolers.”这是一组高中 生。由此可见，教练不确定是这组学生还是狗更兴奋。选项 C. kids 小孩，符合语境。故选 C。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在简短的介绍之后，这组成员进行了一英里半的跑步。A. hesitation 犹豫；B. introduction 介绍；C. competition 竞争；D. evaluation 评价。由后半句“the group went for a mile and a half run.”可知，这组成员进行了一英里半的跑步。由此可见，在简短的介绍完跑步之后，这组成员才开始跑步。 选项 B. introduction 介绍，符合语境。故选 B。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Escobar 录制了这次令人惊讶的训练并且将这个视频公布在网上-正如他处理很多 他和他的团队一起做的不同的活动一样。A. filmed 把……拍成电影；B. watched 观看；C. supported 支持； D. required 需要。由后半部分“and posted the video online”可知，把这个视频公布在网上。由此可见，Escobar 是录制了这次训练。选项 A. filmed 把……拍成电影，符合语境。故选 A。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Escobar 录制了这次令人惊讶的训练并且将这个视频公布在网上-正如他处理很多 他和他的团队一起做的不同的活动一样。A. tricks 诡计；B. games 游戏，比赛；C. studies 学习；D. activities 活动。由前半部分“Escobar ___8___ the amazing practice and posted the video online”可知，Escobar 录制了 这次令人惊讶的训练并且将这个视频公布在网上。由此可见，Escobar 和他的团队一起做了很多像这次训练 的活动。选项 D. activities 活动，和前半部分的“the amazing practice”相呼应，都是属于活动的类型，符合 语境。故选 D。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它迅速传播，并且在社交媒体被数以百万的人分享。A. challenged 挑战；B. shared 分享；C. researched 研究；D. blamed 谴责。前半部分“It spread quickly”和后半部分“and was ___10___ by millions of people on social media.”之间是并列关系，前半部分“It spread quickly”表示的是它迅速传播。由 此可见，后半部分也是在表示传播很快的情况。选项 B. shared 分享，符合语境。故选 B。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有成千上万条评论并且它很快就被当地的新闻报道选中。A. comments 评论；B. refusals 拒绝；C. complaints 抱怨；D. demands 需求。由前一句“It spread quickly and was ___10___ by millions of people on social media.”可知，它迅速传播，并且在社交媒体被数以百万的人分享。由此可见， 这个视频在数以百万人分享过程中也会有评论。选项 A. comments 评论，符合语境。故选 A。 【32 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Escobar 感到震惊的。A. relaxed 放松的；B. shocked 震惊的；C. disappointed 失望的；D. embarrassed 尴尬的。由后一句““I wonder why this is happening,” he said.”可知，他说，“我感 到诧异为什么这会发生。”由此可见，Escobar 是感到震惊的。选项 B. shocked 震惊的，和后一句的 wonder 相呼应，符合语境。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我猜测每个人都在寻找美好的事物。A. declare 宣布，声明；B. guarantee 保证， 担保；C. guess 猜测；D. prove 证明。由前一句““I wonder why this is happening,””可知，我感到诧异为什 么这会发生。由此可见，Escobar 也不清楚原因，猜测是因为每个人都在寻找美好的事物。选项 C. guess 猜 测，符合语境。故选 C。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：不久很多教练打电话给 Escobar 询问他们怎样能够和他们的团队一起参加类 似的跑步。A. figure out 解决；B. get through 通过；C. respond to 响应；D. participate in 参加。由后一句“And a dog equipment company has donated new harnesses (背带牵引绳) to the ___15___ so the dogs can go for a more comfortable ___16___.”可知，并且，一个狗设备公司已经给收容所捐赠了新的背带牵引绳，所以狗能够进 行一次更舒服的奔跑。后一句和本句是并列关系，后一句表达的是狗设备公司的捐赠，让狗能继续参与这 样的跑步活动。由此可见，本句也是关于教练门如何参与跑步活动的内容。选项 D. participate in 参加，符 合语境。故选 D。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且，一个狗设备公司已经给收容所捐赠了新的背带牵引绳，所以狗能够进行 一次更舒服的奔跑。A. shelter 收容所；B. community 社区；C. government 政府；D. family 家庭。由第一 段的最后一句“he took 14 runners from his school to the local animal shelter, and paired them with 14 dogs.”可 知，他从他的学校里带了 14 名跑步者去当地的动物收容所，并且将他们和 14 只狗进行组队。由此可见， 狗设备公司给狗所在的收容所捐赠了新的背带牵引绳。选项 A. shelter 收容所，符合语境。故选 A。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且，一个狗设备公司已经给收容所捐赠了新的背带牵引绳，所以狗能够进行 一次更舒服的奔跑。A. job 工作；B. team 团队；C. run 跑步；D. journey 旅程。由第一段的最后一句“he took 14 runners from his school to the local animal shelter, and paired them with 14 dogs.”和第五段的第一句“After a short ___7___, the group went for a mile and a half run.”可知，他从他的学校里带了 14 名跑步者去当地的动 物收容所，并且将他们和 14 只狗进行组队。经过简短的介绍之后，这个团队进行了一英里半的跑步。由此 可见，狗狗获得新的背带牵引绳，能够进行一次更舒服的奔跑。选项 C. run 跑步，符合语境。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且有更好的消息。A. news 消息；B. life 生活；C. experience 经历；D. practice 练习。由第七段的第二句“Fred, who ran with Josh, one of the 14 high school runners, became a ___18___ dog - his story had the happiest ending.”和第三句“After the run, Josh convinced his mom that their family needed to ___19___ him.”可知，Fred 和 Josh，这 14 名高中生跑步者之一一起跑步，成为了一个幸运的狗，它的故事 有一个最幸福的结局。在此次跑步之后，Josh 说服他的妈妈，他们家人需要收养它。由此可见，Fred 这条 狗最终被收养，这是一个好的消息。选项 A. news 消息，符合语境。故选 A。 【38 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Fred 和 Josh，这 14 名高中生跑步者之一一起跑步，成为了一个幸运的狗，它 的故事有一个最幸福的结局。A. lovely 可爱的；B. wild 野蛮的；C. clumsy 笨拙的；D. lucky 幸运的。由 后半部分“his story had the happiest ending.”和后一句“After the run, Josh convinced his mom that their family needed to ___19___ him.”可知，它的故事有一个最幸福的结局。在此次跑步之后，Josh 说服他的妈 妈，他们家人需要收养它。由此可见，这只狗在最后被收养，这种幸福的结局是一种幸运。选项 D. lucky 幸 运的，符合语境。故选 D。 【39 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在此次跑步之后，Josh 说服他的妈妈，他们家人需要收养它。A. trust 信任；B. adopt 收养；C. encourage 鼓舞；D. comfort 安慰，舒适。由最后一段的最后一句““And now he's at home with Josh and his family.””可知，现在它和 Josh 以及他的家人一起在家。由此可见，Josh 家人收养了它。选项 B. adopt 收养，符合语境。故选 B。 【40 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经它只是这样一条小狗，在一个金属笼子里面发抖。A. wandering 漫步；B. trembling 颤抖，发抖；C. thinking 思考；D. dancing 跳舞。由后一句“And now he's at home with Josh and his family.”可知，那么现在它和 Josh 以及他的家人一起在家里。由此可见，曾经它是这样一条小狗，在金属 笼子里发抖。和后一句描述的现在幸福情况相比较。选项 B. trembling 颤抖，发抖，符合语境。故选 B。 第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共 50 分) 第二节（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China plans to complete the construction of a space station and have___41___put into operation around 2022, said Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China's manned space program, at a forum (论坛)___42___(hold) in south China's Guangdong Province. The space station,___43___could be enlarged if needed,___44___(design) to weigh 100 tonnes and accommodate three astronauts, according to Zhou. “The main goal of the construction or the space station is to enable China to become a country___45___(independent) mastering the technology for long term manned flight in near Earth space, and having the capacity to carry out long-term manned scientific___46___ (experiment) in near Earth space and comprehensive development and utilization (利用) of space resources,"___47___(say) Zhou at the 4th China Summit Forum on Human Factors Engineering, which was held at SunYat-sen University from Saturday to Sunday. The space station will be built as China’s main platform for space science research___48___the intention of mastering the technologies in constructing and___49___(operate) large space facilities, the technologies that guarantee life and health of astronauts who often fly in orbit, and the construction of a____50____(nation) space lab, according to Zhou. 【答案】41. it 42. held 43. which 44. is designed 45. independently 46. experiments 47. said 48. with 49. operating 50. national 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国修建太空站的一些事情。 【41 题详解】 考查代词。句意：中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平在中国南方广东省举行的一个论坛上说，中国计划在 2022 年左右完成空间站的建设并投入使用。空格前为动词 have(让)，其后缺少宾语，空格后为动词短语的 过去分词形式 put into operation（被……投入使用），此处为固定搭配 have sth. done(让某物/某事被做)。结 合空格前提及单数形式的名词短语 a space station(一个太空站），此处指“让太空站投入使用”，用 it 指代 a space station 作动词 have 的宾语。故填 it。 【42 题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：中国载人航天工程总设计师周建平在中国南方广东省举行的一个论坛上说，中国计 划在 2022 年左右完成空间站的建设并投入使用。空格前无连词，句子的谓语动词为 said，推断空格为非谓 语动词。逻辑主语 a forum(一个论坛）和动词 hold(举办)之间为逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词表被动， 作名词 a forum 的后置定语，表示“在中国南方广东省举行的一个论坛”。故填 held。 【43 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：据周建平介绍，空间站的设计重量为 100 吨，可容纳 3 名宇航员，如果需要的话， 空间站可以扩大。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 The space station，指物，关系词在从句中作主语， 用 which 引导非限制性定语从句。故填 which。 【44 题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：据周建平介绍，空间站的设计重量为 100 吨，可容纳 3 名宇航员，如果需要的话， 空间站可以扩大。空格前为主语 The space station，第三人称单数，空格后为不定式，句子缺少谓语部分， 太空站的建设讲的是现在的事，时态用一般现在时，主语 The space station 和动词 design 之间为被动关系， 此处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语 The space station 是单数，谓语也用单数形式。故填 is designed。 【45 题详解】 考查副词。句意：空间站建设的主要目标是使中国成为一个自主掌握长期近地空间载人飞行技术的国家。 此处用副词 independently（独立地）作状语修饰动词 mastering。故填 independently。 【46 题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：从星期六至星期天在中山大学举行的第四届中国人因工程高峰论坛上，周建平说： “我们有能力在近地空间进行长期的载人科学实验和空间资源的综合开发利用。”空格前为形容词 scientific，空格后为地点状语 in near Earthspace，该空作 carry out 的宾语，用名词形式，结合给出单词为可 数名词，且空格前无不定冠词，应用名词复数形式表泛指。故填 experiments。 【47 题详解】 考查时态。句意：从星期六至星期天在中山大学举行的第四届中国人因工程高峰论坛上，周建平说：“我 们有能力在近地空间进行长期的载人科学实验和空间资源的综合开发利用。”。空格后为主语 Zhou 和地点 状语 at the 4th China Summit Forum on Human Factors Engineering，句子缺少谓语动词，本句使用了主谓倒装， 结合 was 提示句子时态为一般过去时可知，此处谓语也用一般过去时。故填 said。 【48 题详解】 考查介词。句意：据周建平介绍，空间站将建成中国空间科学研究的主要平台，旨在掌握大型空间设施的 建造和运行技术，掌握保障经常在轨飞行的航天员生命健康的技术，建设国家空间实验室。固定搭配 with the intention of…（打算……），用介词 with。故填 with。 【49 题详解】 考查动名词。句意：据周建平介绍，空间站将建成中国空间科学研究的主要平台，旨在掌握大型空间设施 的建造和运行技术，掌握保障经常在轨飞行的航天员生命健康的技术，建设国家空间实验室。空格前为连 接两个词性相同的成分的并列连词 and，and 前是动名词 constructing，推断空格为和 constructing 一样词性 的动名词，作介词 in 的宾语。故填 operating。 【50 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：据周建平介绍，空间站将建成中国空间科学研究的主要平台，旨在掌握大型空间设施 的建造和运行技术，掌握保障经常在轨飞行的航天员生命健康的技术，建设国家空间实验室。空格前为不 定冠词 a，空格后为单数形式的名词短语 space lab，用形容词 national（国家的）作定语修饰名词短语 space lab。故填 national。 第四部分写作(共两节,满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 I’m from United States. I am 16 year old and I’m now studying in a middle school in Beijing. My father works in Beijing. We come here one year ago. In our school, all the students come from differently countries in the world. After school, I sometime play football with my classmates. Although I enjoy my life here, but I often feel unhappy because I don’t have any local friends. My father tries to get us out of my world to make some Chinese friends. He wants to help me understanding the Chinese culture as many as possible. He says I can learn a lot from the local people. I know he is right and I need to learn better with China. 【答案】1.from 后加 the 2.year→years 3.come→came 4.differently→different 5.sometime→sometimes 6.删掉 Although 或 but 7.us→me 8.understanding→understand 9.many→much 10.with→about 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍作者从美国来到北京一中学学习和生活的情况。 【详解】第一处：考查冠词。句意：我来自美国。the United States 是复合专有名词。故在 from 后加 the。 第二处：考查名词的单复数。句意：我今年 16 岁，现在在北京的一所中学学习。year 是一个可数名词，表 示“16 岁”，year 应用复数形式。故将 year 改为 years。 第三处：考查动词时态。句意：我们一年前来到这里。根据时间状语“one year ago”可知，应用一般过去 时。故将 come 改为 came。 第四处：考查形容词。句意：在我们学校，所有的学生都来自世界上不同的国家。形容词修饰的是后面的 名词 countries，因此用 different。故将 differently 改为 different。 第五处：考查副词。句意：放学后，我有时和我的同学踢足球。根据句意，此处应用 sometimes，表示“有 时”。故将 sometime 改为 sometimes。 第六处：考查连词。句意：虽然我喜欢我的生活在这里，但我经常感到不快乐，因为我没有任何当地的朋 友。but 不可以同 although、though 出现在一个句子中。故删掉 Although 或 but。 第七处：考查代词。句意：我父亲想让我走出自己的世界去结交一些中国朋友。此处指的是作者，故用 me。 故将 us 改为 me。 第八处：考查非谓语动词。句意：他想帮助我尽可能多地了解中国文化。help sb.do sth.意为“帮助某人做某 事”。故将 understanding 改为 understand。 第九处：考查副词。句意：他想帮助我尽可能多地了解中国文化。副词 much 修饰动词。故将 many 改为 much。 第十处：考查介词。句意：我知道他是对的，我需要更好地了解中国。learn about sth.意为“了解某事/物”。 故将 with 改为 about。 第二节 书面表达 52. 假定你是南山中学高三学生李华，听完加拿大 Mcgill 大学的来校宣讲后，很感兴趣。请写一封电邮给 该校招生负责人，进一步咨询相关细节： 1.所感兴趣专业的课程设置； 2.学费和奖学金； 3.学生活动。 注意:1.字数 100 左右;； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：宣讲会 recruiting presentation Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Li Hua, a student from Nan Shan Senior High School. After attending your recruiting presentation, I’m so interested in Clemson University that I am writing to ask for some information. I am very interested in Environmental Science. You know the environmental protection is becoming more and more popular all over the world. I really want to be something in this field. So I wonder how I can be a student in your university. Do I have to take some language tests? How much will I have to pay for my education in your university? How can I apply for the scholarship? What kind of student activities do you usually organize in your university? Your timely reply would be much appreciated. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给加拿大 Mcgill 大学的招生负责人写一封电邮，询问入读这所学校的 相关信息。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时,少量一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 所感兴趣专业的课程设置； 2. 学费和奖学金； 3. 学生活动。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） recruiting presentation ; be interested in; ask for; pay for; apply for 第三步：连词成句 1. After attending your recruiting presentation, I’m so interested in Clemson University that I am writing to ask for some information. 2. How much will I have to pay for my education in your university? 3. How can I apply for the scholarship? 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last（供参考） 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including（供参考） 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…（供参考） 4.表因果关系：So 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] After attending your recruiting presentation, I’m so interested in Clemson University that I am writing to ask for some information. 用了 so…that…引导的结果状语从句。 [高分句型 2] So I wonder how I can be a student in your university.用了 how 引导的宾语从句。