2018届外研版必修4Module4单元学案（14页）　

2018届外研版必修4Module4单元学案（14页）　

‎2018届外研版必修4Module 4单元学案　‎ 重点识记单词 ‎1.export vt.出口 ‎2.diagnose vt.诊断 ‎3.victim n.受害者 ‎ ‎4.career n.职业；生涯 ‎5.rocket n.火箭 ‎ ‎6.genetics n.遗传学 ‎7.publish vt.出版 ‎ ‎8.breakthrough n.突破 ‎9.support vt.支持；供养 ‎ ‎10.replace vt.取代；以……代替 ‎11.quantity n.数量 ‎ ‎12.quality n.质量 ‎13.brilliant adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的 ‎ ‎14.partly adv.部分地；在一定程度上 ‎15.personal adj.个人的 ‎ ‎16.escape vi.逃跑；逃避；被忘掉 ‎17.straight adj.直的 ‎ ‎18.clear vi.(烟雾)消散；消除；变晴朗；变清醒；兑现 ‎19.biology n.生物学→biologist n.生物学家 ‎ ‎20.agriculture n.农业→agricultural adj.农业的 ‎21.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸；爆炸声 ‎ ‎22.physical adj.身体的→physically adv.身体上 ‎23.producer n.生产者→produce v.生产→production n.产量 ‎24.educate vt.教育→education n.教育→educator n.教育家；教育者 ‎25.leading adj.主要的→lead vt.领导；引导→leader n.领导；领袖 ‎26.brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly adv.简要地；简短地 ‎27.graduate vi.毕业；n.毕业生→graduation n.毕业 ‎28.original adj.最初的；原来的→origin n.起点，开端→originate vt.起源；发起 重点识记短语 ‎1.bring in引进；带来 ‎2.convert...to...把……转变为……‎ ‎3.earn one’s living谋生 ‎ ‎4.come to power掌权 ‎5.be diagnosed with被诊断患有……疾病 ‎ ‎6.as a result of由于……的结果 ‎7.be known for因……而出名/闻名 ‎ ‎8.bring up培养；养育 必背经典句式 ‎1.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.‎ 他想，养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。‎ ‎2.He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.‎ 他认为，唯一的办法是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样就能生产比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。‎ ‎3.Moving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special computer，he has become the voice of science.‎ 靠轮椅来移动并且通过特殊的电脑说话，他(霍金)成为了科学的代言人。‎ Or was he carried miles into space，becoming the world’s first astronaut?‎ 还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？‎ 单元阅读理解解题指导 首先，让我们看一下阅读理解能力测试的基本要求：‎ ‎1. 理解主旨和要义；2. 理解文中具体信息；3. 根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4. 作出简单判断和推理；5. 理解文章的基本结构；6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。‎ 根据这六项要求，我们可将阅读理解题归纳为以下几种题型：细节理解题、词句理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、文章结构题等。下面作者结合平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。‎ ‎1、主旨大意题 ‎    主旨大意题是对文章主题的一种考查方式。它包括段落大意题、全文大意题及标题归纳题。‎ ‎2、段落大意题 段落大意题主要测试考生对某段文字的整体理解程度以及在速读中准确把握段落大意的能力，一般针对某一语段的主旨或目的设题。做这类题，关键在于抓住该段文字的主旨。‎ ‎  首先，从段首找大意。有些段落的首句便是该段的主题句，抓住了主题句便抓住了该段的大意。‎ 其次，从段尾找大意。有些段落在列举事实和举出事例之后，在段尾进行总结，得出结论。这样，段尾句就成了该段的主题句。‎ 再次，从段中找大意。有些段落的主题句位于段落的中间位置。这种段落常常以一句或几句话引出话题，接着提出主题句，然后再举例或论证。‎ 最后，归纳总结段落大意。有些段落并没有明显的主题句，或者说根本就没有主题句。遇到这种情况，我们需要根据段落内容概括出本段的大意。‎ 总之，在做段落大意题时，要站在整个段落的高度，概括出大意，切忌以偏概全、以点代面。‎ ‎3、全文大意题 文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的，而段落大意主要由主题句来体现，所以段落的主题句是构成文章中心思想的有机组成部分。因此，识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答该类题的关键。做这类题时常用略读法。具体技巧有：‎ ‎1. 读首尾段抓主旨。文章的主旨多出现在首尾段中。根据具体情况，学生可细读首尾段或将两段结合起来考虑。（注意：主题段也可能出现在文章中间。）‎ ‎2. 归纳各段落主旨。如果作者没有直接点明主题，读者则需要综合全篇各段的段落大意，从而归纳出全文的大意。‎ ‎4、标题归纳题 标题归纳题主要考查学生对文章主题思想的把握和抽象概括语言的能力。做好标题归纳题，要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1. 了解标题形式上的特点。英语文章标题的形式多种多样，可以是一两个单词、一个短语、一个名词性从句、一个简单句，还可以是一个祈使句。从字面上看，常常是短小精悍, 言简意赅。‎ ‎2. 了解标题内容上的特点。标题必须做到能够概括文章的主旨，揭示文章的主要内容，切忌以偏概全、以点代面，也不能过于宽泛。‎ ‎3. 了解标题吸引力的特点。人们常以标题来判断文章是否具有可读性，因此文章是否能够吸引读者在一定程度上取决于标题是否具有吸引力。‎ ‎4. 了解归纳标题的方法。标题归纳题关键是要找主题句，主题句可能出现在首段、末段或者中间段，而对于没有主题句的文章，我们需要从整篇文章的高度进行概括。‎ ‎[例1]（节选自2015年安徽卷D篇）‎ ‎      Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.‎ ‎      In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.‎ ‎     For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things ‎ move at a quieter and slower pace.‎ ‎      The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistle, etc.‎ 备注：‎ independence独立；affect影响majority大多数；instrument乐器 ‎ ‎68. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?‎ A. How the Irish fought against the English.‎ B. How Ireland gained independence.‎ C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. ‎ D. How two “Irelands” came into being. ‎ ‎70. The last paragraph is mainly about _____.‎ A. the Irish character     ‎ B. Irish culture ‎ C. Irish musical instruments   ‎ D. a famous Irish writer ‎ ‎71. What can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Life in Ireland           ‎ B. A Very Difficult History C. Ireland, Past and Present       ‎ D. The Independence of Ireland ‎[解析] ‎ ‎68. 根据文章第一段倒数第三句The result is that today there are two “Irelands”可知，作者想告诉我们爱尔兰分裂成为南北两个“爱尔兰”的历史原因，故选D项。‎ ‎70. 文章最后一段主要向我们介绍了爱尔兰人的音乐文化、语言、文学和演唱的复兴，接着叙述了不同的音乐风格、乐器等，因此可以判断B项正确，其他选项只是其中的一个方面。‎ ‎71. 根据文中提到的时间及For many years和Since independence等信息可知，本文主要介绍了爱尔兰的发展史。Life in Ireland爱尔兰的生活；A Very Difficult History一段非常艰难的历史；Ireland, Past and Present爱尔兰的过去与现在；The Independence of Ireland爱尔兰的独立。只有C项能体现文章的主旨大意。‎ ‎5、细节理解题 细节理解题主要考查学生查找信息的能力和对句子的理解能力, 要求学生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解判断。‎ 直接信息 解答此类试题时，不必通篇细读全文，而采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。‎ 此类题的正确选项往往是原文意义的不同表达方式，一般有以下特征：1. 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换；2. 词性或者语态的变化；3. 语言简化。‎ 干扰项也是以文中的某个细节设置，常有以下几种情况：1. 选项本身正确，但不符合题干要求；2. 选项本身错误；3. 选项中含有原文信息，但其中个别词描述得不准确，这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要十分注意。‎ 间接信息 间接型细节理解题考查的是考生获取和理解隐藏在文字下的复杂信息的能力。‎ 间接型细节理解题通常有两种命题方式。一是题干针对原文某一信息进行转述，即题干的中心信息词不是原文文字，而是原文某一信息的全新表达。解答这一类题目的关键是准确理解题干的意思，然后在文中找出与题干中心意思相一致的信息。二是以原文信息背后隐含的内容作为命题点，要求考生立足原文信息，准确理解未表达的间接信息。解答这一类题目时，需要依据若干具体的信息进行比较、归纳和概括，有时还要作合乎逻辑的推理。‎ ‎[例2]（节选自2015年大纲全国卷II D篇）   ‎ The way we do things round here Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, “Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to ‎ join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “we’re kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.” Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”, while in British English it means “fairly”.‎ So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don’t just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures (文化).‎ ‎     Some of these differences may be only on the surface — dress, food and hours of work — while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate (气候), while getting on with business.‎ ‎     Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality (准时). If you invite people to a party at 7 o’clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.   ‎ ‎54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?‎ A. Ask the native people for help. ‎ B. Understand and accept them.‎ C. Do things in our own way.  ‎ D. Do in-depth research.‎ ‎55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are _____.‎ A. Italians                     B. Germans  ‎ C. Greeks                     D. the British ‎[解析]‎ ‎54. 由第三段最后一句可知，我们要习惯文化差异并接受存在的文化差异，故选B项。‎ ‎55. 由最后一段If you invite people ... on time inGermany... 可知B项正确。‎ ‎ 英语阅读理解答案会藏在哪里？做了这么多的题目和试卷，是不是应该拥有一双法眼呢？‎ ‎　　1.首段和尾段 ‎　　一篇文章的主题句、或者说是中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。大家在阅读了一定数量的文章之后就能够发现，许多文章开门见山地在文章第一段中就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点，这些中心思想句的位置一般都是文章第一句话或者第一段的最后一两句话。‎ ‎　　此外，文章的最后一段一般都会对全文的说明和论证进行总结，这些句子往往位于最后一段的第一句话或最后一句话。通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子，如：all in all, in short, to conclude, in consequence, in summary, in a word, as a result, therefore, accordingly, thus 等。主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。‎ ‎　　2.长难句 ‎　　上文提到了长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等，使得句子长达好几行。因此这些复杂的句型也往往成为了试题的重点所在。考生应该加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时练习中有意识地去分解这些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。‎ ‎　　3.段首和段尾 ‎　　无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。下文也将会提到，在进行快速阅读的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。‎ ‎　　4.列举处 ‎　　所谓的列举是指通过一些表示顺承关系的词语逐项列出一些事实或者观点，标志性的词汇包括First, Second, Third… ; Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly… Finally; First of all, Then, In addition,Further, Furthermore, Besides, Moreover… 针对这一考点的题目通常考查文章细节，有时候也涉及对文章内容的推理判断。这种题目没有固定的提问方式，不过通常会有两种题型：第一种是从四个答案选项中选择正确的一项，错误选项的意思往往与文章的意思相反或因果关系颠倒;第二中是从四个答案选项中选择错误的一项，即“except”题型，一般对照原文就能够找出错误的选项。‎ ‎5.举例处 ‎　　一般的说明文和议论文需要一些例子来支持作者的说明和论证，这些例子往往与作者的说明与论述有很大的关联，具有重大的意义，因此也成为了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志性词汇：for example, for instance, take … as an example, as, such as, like 等。在做这种题目的时候，考生要牢记所举的例子一般都与文章的中心思想有着密切的联系，因此要在选项中去寻找与中心思想意思最接近的那一项。同时，一般文章举例处的前一句或者前几句就是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源地往前读，才能保证所选答案的正确率。1999 年以后几乎每年的考研阅读题中都有1-2 道关于例证的题目，这应当引起考生的高度重视。常用的举例方法有两种：一是先提出观点，后举例说明;二是先列举事例再做出结论。考生应当学会举一反三，在具体的阅读文章中识别出个种例证。‎ ‎　　6.引用处 ‎　　说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性，所以也是出题考查的热点地区，通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。‎ ‎　　7.因果关系处 ‎　　表示因果关系的句子也是考研英语命题者所青睐的出题来源，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系的句子倒过来考，因此选项中因变成了果、果变成了因，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有：because, because of, so, for, since, as, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result; result from, result in, cause, originate from, lead to, attribute to, derive from; base, basis, reason, result, consequence 等。有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语，但是在逻辑上也存在着因果关系，这个时候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。‎ ‎　　8.转折、对比、类比处 ‎　　文章的转折出也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常通过先抑后扬的办法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。一些明显的转折词包括but, however, on the contrary, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually 等，转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能作上标志以方便做题时候的查找。另外，作者也经常把两个事物、两件事实、两种观点进行对比，从而论证自己观点的正确性。表示对比的一些标志性词语有in contrast, in comparison, compared with ‎ 等。特别需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现一组对比的概念或事物，这个地方往往会成为考题的命题重点，考生应掌握这一规律，在看到文章首段出现转折对比的内容时，应当立即集中注意力，同时还要明白，第一段出现转折关系时，转折后所表述的一定是文章的中心思想，而在首段出现的对照或对比的内容将在下文中进行具体的议论，并在文章最后得出结论。此外，由于议论文和说明文在论证说明事理的时候非常抽象，为了让读者更形象地理解这些抽象的概念，文章经常会运用类比的手法以增强文章的生动性。好的类比手法不仅有助于将抽象的道理阐释清楚，更可以让读者加深印象。类比在文中有两种体现方式，一是明喻，即A 像B 一样;二是暗喻，说A 是B，由于暗喻更加隐蔽，近年来命题专家也越来越趋向于在暗喻内容上设置问题.‎ ‎　　9.特殊词汇处 ‎　　考研阅读试题中经常考查考生对于一些词语和词汇的理解，这些特殊词汇包括了平时不经常使用的生僻词、常见词语平时不经常用到的意思或搭配、以及关系代词等。这类题目的解题关键在于读懂词汇所在文章位置的上下文，从而推断中其意思。‎ ‎　　10.数字和年代 ‎　　考研阅读中经常出现对于数字和年代等细节的考查，看似容易，但是考生经常由于疏忽大意而失掉这些最容易的分数。其中要注意以下几点原则：首先，如果出现需要进行运算的题目，一般来说文章的原始数据不是正确答案;其次，如果答案中的四个数字或者时间都与文章的某一个部分相符合，那么要注意这些数字和时间所对应的不同问题，只选择与题目相关的那个数据;此外，要注意年份和世纪之间的差别，比如1999 年就是20 世纪，2009年就是21 世纪，也就是说世纪的数字是年份的前两个数字加1。如果考生记不住这个原则，那么可以在考试的时候用自己熟悉的年份和世纪进行现场推算。‎ ‎　　11.专有名词 ‎　　所谓的专有名词包括人名、地名、机构名称、书籍文章影视作品的名称以及其他专有名词。在阅读文章的过程中，考生每每遇到专有名词可以用铅笔作上标记，以便如果在题目中出现相应专有名词可以进行快速定位。‎ ‎　　12.特殊标点符号 ‎　　有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：冒号、括号、破折号以及引号。‎ ‎　　逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。‎ ‎　　冒号：冒号后面的内容通常都是用来解释说明前面的内容，例如前面是抽象的概念后面就是对这个概念的具体说明。‎ ‎　　括号：括号中间的内容通常用来解释或补充说明括号前面的内容。‎ ‎　　破折号：两个破折号之间的内容、或者一个破折号后面的内容，通常表示解释说明或者补充说明。‎ ‎　　引号：表示引用他人的观点，一般用来从正面或者反面支持作者的观点。‎ ‎　　相关的考题一般都是关于文章细节的问题。需要注意的是考题在考查标点符号用法是往往不会明确说明，需要考生自己去判断并根据具体情况分析标点符号的用法。‎ ‎　　13.最高级已经决定性词汇 ‎　　最高级词汇以及其他一些表示唯一性的词汇由于其意义的绝对性，因而不容易产生歧义，所以也经常成为出题对象。这些词语包括形容词和副词的最高级，以及以下词汇：only, sole (solely), mere (merely), sheer, simply, entirely, absolutely, just, always, forever, never, none, must, all, any (anyone, anybody, anywhere) 等。‎ 单元综合测试 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分） ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Some photographers have the good fortune to find a mentor in their young years who both inspires and encourages them. Jessica Backhaus found one in Gisele Freund, the great French photographer remembered for her portraits (肖像) of artists, especially writers. Gisele was a wonderful, sensitive portraitist whose pictures of Virginia Woolf, Andre Gide, James Joyce, George Bernard Shaw, Jean Cocteau, and a long list of well-known artists are unforgettable.‎ Jessica, a young photographer from Germany, was studying photography in Paris when she met the famous Gisele Freund, on November 5, 1992. Slowly a friendship developed, lasting until Gisele’s death, in 2000; and in a way it still continues today. Gisele was generous in her concern for a new generation of photographers, and Jessica took to heart her advice to forget about technique and to take pictures with her eyes and heart. To thank her, Jessica decided to take the series of pictures published in the book One Day in November.‎ One day, before Jessica moved to New York, Gisele suggested that she write about their friendship. The book One Day in November begins with Jessica’s essay on their shared memories and conversations, followed by her photographs. She calls it a visual poem, pointing out that she expresses herself best in pictures rather than words.‎ The excellent photographs from her book can be seen in a splendid exhibition at Laurence Miller Gallery, along with a series of pictures from three of her other books: Jesus and the Cherries, portraits taken in a Polish village where time stood still; What Still Remains, pictures of objects left behind; and a new book of light reflections on water, I Wanted to See the World. All are guided by Gisele’s advice and all are quite wonderful.‎ ‎21. The underlined word “one” in Paragraph 1 refers to .‎ A. a responsible friend B. a well-known artist C. an inspiring instructor D. an experienced photographer ‎22. What can we learn about the book One Day in November from the passage?‎ A. It begins with photographs and ends with an essay.‎ B. It talks about the friendship between Jessica and Gisele.‎ C. It collects poems that provide readers with a visual feast.‎ D. It contains portraits taken in a village where time stood still.‎ ‎23. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. Jessica’s memories of Gisele. B. Gisele’s influence on Jessica.‎ C. The photographs taken by Gisele. D. The achievements made by Jessica.‎ B BEIJING—More Chinese consumers prefer to make payments via smart devices as mobile apps have made purchases much easier, but security concerns remain, a PwC report said.‎ Nearly one-third of respondents in China chose mobile payment when shopping last year, doubling from 16 percent in 2014, according to the accounting firm’s global retail (零售) survey. The figure appeared much higher than the world’s average of 12 percent.‎ The popularity comes as a result of rapid growth of mobile payment options and an expanding mobile network, the report said.‎ Chinese have started to enjoy a wide range of mobile payment options that allow faster, securer payment through near field communication and QR code. Moreover, more advances have been seen in biometric technology, such as the use of fingerprints and facial recognition.‎ ‎“As competition becomes fierce, mobile payment players are trying to attract users through the continuous development of technology and business models,” said Yuqing Guo, PwC China’s ‎ financial service consulting partner, adding that the technology is changing the way consumers assess and purchase products.‎ But security problems are rising. Data security was still seen as a huge problem, with leak of user information, payment fraud (诈骗) and virus attacks appearing as the three biggest challenges for the rapid growing field. The PwC report said over 60 percent of respondents were worried that their personal information was not safe.‎ Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to strengthen strict supervision (监督). In the meantime, people should avoid scanning QR codes from unknown sources and raise awareness of fraudulence.‎ The field still has vast space for growth due to technological advances and the rise of the tech-savvy younger generation, the report said, predicting China’s retail and consumer product industry will post an annual growth rate of 7.5 percent between 2016 and 2020.‎ ‎24. According to the passage, more Chinese people favor mobile payment because .‎ A. it ensures the absolute security of purchases B. it provides them with various options of items C. it guarantees faster delivery than cash payment D. it helps them purchase products more conveniently ‎25. To keep their personal information safe, consumers are advised .‎ A. to learn more knowledge about virus attacks B. to cut down the chance of using mobile apps C. to increase supervision over mobile payment D. to check the sources before scanning QR codes ‎26. In which section of a newspaper does the passage probably appear?‎ A. Technology. B. Finance. C. Companies. D. Industries.‎ C The British summer is extremely beautiful. Trees, flowers, birds and butterflies make the whole country look like a big garden. However, many British people have noticed that butterflies have been gradually disappearing from this picturesque scenery during the past several years. What has happened to them?‎ Butterfly Conservation, a charity in the UK, is running a survey to help answer this question. The result is more serious than people expected. According to the survey, among 59 butterfly species found in the British Isles, more than three-quarters of them are suffering a declining population, including the most popular Meadow Brown. Moreover, half of all butterfly species are dying out.‎ Some common species such as the small Tortoiseshell butterfly and the Wall butterfly are dropping sharply. The latter cannot even be seen in many parts of central and southern England. And the Blue butterfly, which was commonly seen in the south, has started settling in Edinburgh in the past few years.‎ The numbers of butterflies have dropped to a record low in the past three years largely because the summer in the UK is getting cooler and their living conditions are also degrading.‎ Fortunately Britain is experiencing a long hot summer this year compared to the last few summers. Conservationists believe the warm weather will bring some benefit to the butterflies.‎ Sir David Attenborough, president of Butterfly Conservation, said, “Butterflies in abundance tell us that all is well with nature. When they decline it’s a warning that other wildlife will be soon heading the same way.”‎ The survey is still going on. The public is also encouraged to keep track of the UK’s butterfly population. The organizers hope the survey will help raise public awareness of the value of butterflies in the UK. Butterflies give an indication of the well-being of nature and the environment.‎ ‎27. The survey conducted by Butterfly Conservation has found that .‎ A. the UK butterflies enjoy a cool climate B. the UK butterflies prefer settling in the north C. the number of the UK butterflies is decreasing D. butterflies make the British summer more attractive ‎28. How does the writer support the findings of the survey in Paragraph 3?‎ A. By listing examples. B. By providing data.‎ C. By giving explanations. D. By making comments.‎ ‎29. What does the underlined word “degrading” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Turning better. B. Getting worse.‎ C. Keeping stable. D. Becoming different.‎ ‎30. Butterfly Conservation expects their survey to .‎ A. warn people to care more about the change of weather B. keep the charity running more smoothly than ever before C. help the British government protect nature and the environment D. strengthen people’s understanding of the importance of butterflies 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ What Makes Teamwork Effective?‎ The most effective teamwork happens when individual contributors harmonize their efforts and work toward a common goal. Good teams don’t typically happen by accident. 31 ‎ Good Leadership The best leaders reliably follow through on their commitments; or walk the talk as the saying goes. 32 Employees want a leader who is available and approachable, who listens and values their input, and who recognizes them for a job well done.‎ Adaptability It is important to have a clearly defined set of roles and responsibilities for each member. 33 Team members are willing to cross lines of responsibility and do something that may not be in their job description, if that is what’s required to get the job done.‎ Effective Communication In the most effective teams, communication happens regularly. Interactions across team members as well as to and from team leaders are all necessary. Regular team meetings are a good way to discuss ongoing activities and new assignments. But if a crisis arises, discussion shouldn’t wait until a team meeting takes place. 34 ‎ Skilled Conflict Management Conflict happens, even in the most cooperative teams. Often new ideas and solutions can come from differences of opinion, so they shouldn’t be discouraged. Decide as a team how to handle conflicts. 35 If individuals are respectful, keep the conversations professional and listen to each other, this trust will develop naturally.‎ A. It requires a certain level of trust.‎ B. Members are open to unusual suggestions.‎ C. Effective teams are willing to try out new solutions.‎ D. They also provide as much or as little leadership as the team requires.‎ E. There exist some keys that are usually involved in creating successful teams.‎ F. Email and conference calls arc quick ways to respond when a problem occurs.‎ G. However, on the most effective teams tasks and responsibilities are not strictly stuck to.‎ 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ The calendar read December 15. It had been one of the hardest periods of my life. I was eight months pregnant (怀孕的) with three little children. I had just got the 36 from my householder that we had to 37 by January 10th, only 3 weeks to find another place.‎ When my husband Don returned home from work, I 38 the news to him. Through the Christmas holiday, Don went house-hunting 39 I attended to everything despite physical discomforts.‎ Soon, the moving day arrived and it was 40 . Don was busy coordinating (协调) the men who had come to help. I packed alone, trying hard to 41 them. The children were 42 in an upstairs bedroom. Unfortunately, with all the toys packed away, soon all three were crying from 43 .‎ The screaming children and the 44 house reduced me to tears. I had never felt so 45 in my life. “Are you okay?” One man asked with his eyes fixed on me. All I could do was 46 my head and say yes.‎ ‎ 47 , I left the room quietly for a moment. After regaining my 48 , I returned to face the tough tasks before me. 49 , several women were busy packing and one even 50 my crying children.‎ Soon after, the trucks were 51 with furniture and on the way to our new house. Upon arrival, I was not allowed to lift another 52 for the rest of the night. Our good neighbors helped us 53 everything. After they finished, they disappeared into the night, not even 54 a thank you.‎ I have never seen most of those people again; I don’t even remember most of their names. But I do remember the 55 they showed me on a cold winter when I needed it most.‎ ‎36. A. idea B. plan C. message D. thought ‎37. A. turn up B. get through C. set off D. move out ‎38. A. stated B. broke C. passed D. reported ‎39. A. while B. since C. until D. after ‎40. A. cool B. freezing C. warm D. boiling ‎41. A. keep ahead of B. watch out for C. hold on to D. keep away from ‎42. A. found B. kept C. held D. stored ‎43. A. terror B. hunger C. boredom D. thirst ‎44. A. empty B. shabby C. tidy D. messy ‎45. A. sick B. peaceful C. right D. regretful ‎46. A. shake B. nod C. turn D. lose ‎47. A. Embarrassed B. Confused C. Worried D. Alarmed ‎48. A. balance B. belief C. energy D. courage ‎49. A. Ridiculously B. Cheerfully C. Surprisingly D. Hopefully ‎50. A. blaming B. praising C. teasing D. comforting ‎51. A. flooded B. covered C. equipped D. loaded ‎52. A. leg B. finger C. arm D. foot ‎53. A. clean B. make C. settle D. prepare ‎54. A. waiting for B. turning down C. longing for D.taking down ‎55. A. friendship B. kindness C. sympathy D. happiness 第II卷 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ John, a six-year-old orphan (孤儿), believed the existence of God. Every Sunday morning he would go to the church, 56 he listened to people singing inside. He felt only there he was the child of God. But he couldn’t enter because of his worn-out clothes.‎ One morning, John, with a piece of bread 57 (hold) in his dark small hands, stopped as usual at 58 entrance to the church. When he just stood there, the pastor (牧师) came out. He wanted 59 (run) away, but was carried by the pastor’s friendly smile.‎ The pastor walked up to him and asked, “Do you believe in God?” “Yes, I do.” John told him loudly. “So you believe in 60 (you)?” This time, John just lowered his head. 61 (spread) John’s dark small hands out in the sun, the pastor said, “In God’s eyes, all 62 (child) are the same. When they’re willing to greet the sun, the sun will 63 (natural) shine on them.”‎ With that, the pastor led him into the church. It was the first time that John 64 (go) into this holy place and at this moment he didn’t feel anything 65 the unspeakable warmth.‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）‎ 假定你是李华，星光中学高三（1）班的班长。新来的外籍教师Mrs. Green即将给你们班授课，请你代表班级给她写一封邮件。内容包括：‎ ‎1.表示欢迎；‎ ‎2.陈述对英语课堂的期望；‎ ‎3.期待见面。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第二节 概要写作（满分25分）‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ You might think that whether you choose a blue shirt or a yellow one to wear to work or college ‎ makes no difference to your day and those around you. However, an increasing number of experts argue that the colors we choose affect our mood, our career prospects (前景) and even our health.‎ The power of color has been used for centuries and we should be making the most of it in our lives. Color affects us to a greater degree than most of us realize. It is used increasingly by psychologists and therapists for influencing mood and state of mind, and for various types of treatments when we are ill. Some people even believe that the blind can benefit from the ‘vibrations’ (震动) that color gives off.‎ Companies use color to great effect to encourage us to buy their products. For example, purple is seen as creative and mixes well with red, to show that a company has ideas and the power to make them happen. Orange and blue are also recommended colors for companies to use, because orange is the color of communication and blue suggests safety and security. So this could be a particularly good combination. Companies have found certain colors ‘speak’ to specific age groups. They often use red to attract younger people to their products, for example, as it is vibrant and more youthful than colors like gold and navy, which older customers seem to prefer.‎ Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, then wearing navy blue or black is good. Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you, the wearer, feel energetic, but be careful, as it can raise your pulse rate and not everyone wants this effect.‎ So think carefully before you leave the house. The colors you choose are a wonderful tool. Are you making the right impression-on yourself and on others?‎ 英语试题答案 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）‎ ‎21-23 CBB 24-26 DDA 27-30 CABD 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎31-35 EDGFA 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ ‎36-40 CDBAB 41-45 ABCDA 46-50 BADCD 51-55 DBCAB 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ ‎56. where 57. held 58. the 59. to run 60. yourself ‎61. Spreading 62. children 63. naturally 64. had gone 65. but/except 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）‎ One possible version:‎ Dear Mrs. Green,‎ I’m Li Hua, monitor of Class 1 Senior 3. I’m writing on behalf of my class to extend our warm welcome to you. We are all expecting to attend your English class. As we have great interest in the western culture, we wonder if you could have topics about it in class. Besides, we’d appreciate your guidance on spoken English and various activities to get everyone involved. We all hope that we can speak English as fluently as you native speakers do.‎ Looking forward to meeting you!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 第二节 概要写作（满分25分）‎ One possible version:‎ The colors we choose are believed to affect our mood, career and health. (要点1) Their power, long used in our lives, can be greater than expected. They’re increasingly used to influence our state of mind and treat illness. (要点2) Also, companies employ color to promote sales, considering the image it conveys and age groups it attracts. (要3) As colors of clothes can affect feelings and others’ reaction to us, deciding what to wear matters in making the right impression. (要点4)‎