2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项指导课件（3）时闻型阅读理解

2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项指导课件（3）时闻型阅读理解

　时闻型阅读理解 　 时闻型阅读理解 │ 专题导读 　　 时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道、内容新颖，贴近生活，时效性强。阅读材料的组成有一个共同的特点，即都是由标题(Headlines)、导语(Introductions)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(Ends)五部分构成。此类文章主题鲜明，文章的第一句话或第一自然段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，文章的主题大意即出于此。 　专题导读 此外，此类文体的设题常有一个最佳标题的选择，而标题也恰好就是文章的主题大意，因此读懂首句或首段是至关重要的。读者在阅读时事新闻时，要善于捕捉新闻细节，善于根据问题找到相关句并能分析理解长难句，善于根据上下文猜测单词、短语的含义，善于归纳、概括、推理、判断及简单计算，如此才能做好这部分试题。 │ 专题导读 　　 [四川卷] 　　 In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide. 　　 Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. │ 真题典例 　真题典例 “Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses，” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan. 　　 MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program. │ 真题典例 　　 The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform. 　　 MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120,000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the opensource edX platform. 　　 “Fasten_your_seatbelts，” Hockfield said. 　　 Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and CarnegieMellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online. │ 真题典例 　　 The HarvardMIT program will be monitored by a notforprofit(非盈利的)organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $ 30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful. 　　 1. According to this text, edX is ________. 　　 A．a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare 　　 B．a free computer program by MIT and Harvard 　　 C．a HarvardMIT platform of free online courses 　　 D．a free program online for universities worldwide │ 真题典例 　　 2. What is said about online education in the text? 　　 A．Universities have been trying online courses. 　　 B．About 2,000 online courses have been offered. 　　 C．Over 100 million people have finished courses online. 　　 D．Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX. 　　 3. The underlined part in the text probably means“________”． 　　 A．Get ready for the difficulties 　　 B．Get ready for this educational change 　　 C．Get prepared to complete the online courses 　　 D．Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses │ 真题典例 　　 4. What can be said about MITx according to the text? 　　 A．It is first offered as part of the edX learning program. 　　 B．It is another free MITHarvard online learning program. 　　 C．It is a standard to recognize online learners' achievement. 　　 D．It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT. │ 真题典例 　　 【要点综述】本文为新闻报道类文体。文章报道了Harvard和MIT联手向全球免费提供网上课程的事情。 　　 1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段提到的Harvard和MIT联手向全球免费提供网上课程及第二段“a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX”可知edX是这两所大学联手打造的一个免费授课的网络平台。故答案选C。 │ 真题典例 　　 2. A　推理判断题。B项应是2,000 classes；C项应是100多万人使用，而不是完成了课程；D项文中没有谈到它们的课程是否相似。根据倒数第二段“Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and CarnegieMellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.”可知答案选A。 　　 3. B　句意理解题。此句的字面意思为“系好安全带”。结合文章的意思可知是为这些大学在网上开设免费课程这一教育变革做好准备。故答案为B。 │ 真题典例 　　 4. C　细节理解题。根据第三段“In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses.”可知MITx是承认修完课程的证书。故答案选C。 │ 真题典例 │ 新题预测 (一) 　　 The Intel Science Talent Search is the top science competition for high school students in the US. The 40 finalists were honored in Washington last week. They met with scientists and politicians. President Obama welcomed them to the White House. 　新题预测 　　 These 40 students were selected from almost 2,000 contestants nationwide. They had to present original research to be judged by professional scientists. The students showed their research projects on large posters. The winners were announced on March 15th, 2011. 　　 Wendy Hawkins is an executive director of the Intel Foundation, who says the 40 finalists represented excellence across many areas of science. │ 新题预测 　　 Selena Li is from Fair Oaks, California. She wanted to find a more effective treatment for liver cancer. She began her research four years ago. A scientist at the University of California, Davis, taught her how to design and do experimental work in the laboratory. Ms. Li placed 5th in the Intel Science Talent Search and was awarded 30,000 dollars. 　　 Scott Boisvert lives near Phoenix, Arizona. He began using a laboratory at the University of Arizona at the age of 14. Over four years, he completed a project studying a fungus(真菌) linked to the decrease in amphibians(两栖动物)around the world. He was trying to find out if different chemicals and │ 新题预测 substances in the water could kill the fungus. He collected and tested water samples across Arizona. He says, “My results were able to identify a list of chemicals that were significant in the growth and in the movement of the fungus.” He placed 10th in the Intel competition and was awarded 20,000 dollars. Evan O'Dorney of Danville, California, won the top award of 100,000 dollars in this year's Intel Science Talent Search. For his mathematical project, he compared two ways to estimate the square root of an integer(整数), a number with no fractional parts. │ 新题预测 　　 Wendy Hawkins at the Intel Foundation says these young people represent the next generation of scientists who will help shape America's future. 　　 1．According to the passage, if you want to win the Intel Science Talent Search, you must________. 　　 A．have high academic achievement 　　 B．be excellent in all areas of science 　　 C．offer original research 　　 D．do many experiments in a university lab │ 新题预测 　　 2．Who will be probably engaged in math study in the future and become a mathematician? 　　 A．Wendy Hawkins. 　　 B．Selena Li. 　　 C．Scott Boisvert. 　　 D．Evan O'Dorney. │ 新题预测 　　 3．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage? 　　 A．Scott Boisvert found a new fungus linked to the decrease in amphibians. 　　 B．The 1st, 5th and 10th students in the competition come from California. 　　 C．Scott Boisvert is the youngest winner among the 40 students. 　　 D．The Intel Science Talent Search is an intense competition. │ 新题预测 　　 4．The Wendy Hawkins' attitude to these 40 finalists is ________. 　　 A．critical B．negative 　　 C．positive D．mixed 　　 【要点综述】 文章介绍了The Intel Science Talent Search及其中几个获胜者的情况。 　　 1．C　细节理解题。根据第二段They had to present original research to be judged by professional scientists.可知。 │ 新题预测 　　 2．D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段For his mathematical project, he compared two ways to estimate the square root of an integer (整数), a number with no fractional parts.可知他是研究数学的，所以他最有可能成为数学家。 　　 3．D　推理判断题。根据第二段These 40 students were selected from almost 2,000 contestants nationwide.可知竞争非常激烈。 　　 4．C　推理判断题。根据第三段Wendy Hawkins is an executive director of the Intel Foundation, who says the 40 finalists represented excellence across many areas of science.可知他对这些获胜者持积极的态度。 │ 新题预测 (二) 　　 Most kids don't regularly use sunscreen, although many of them suffer from sunburns, which increases the risk of developing skin cancer later in life, according to a recent study. 　　 Most of the study participants said they liked the appearance of a tan, and the number of children who said they spent time in the sun to get a tan increased. 　　 Lead author Stephen Dusza said the findings showed the importance of finding effective ways to educate children of this age group about sun safety and the potential dangers of more exposure to ultraviolet (紫外的) light. │ 新题预测 　　 “When you ask kids or teens about tanning, they say people look better with a tan, so trying to get them to limit this behavior is a difficult message to get across，” Dusza said. 　　 “This is the age group we need to make an impact on, because it gets harder to make an impact as they get into their later teen and early adult years，” said Dr.Jonette Keri from the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine. It's a time when parents don't have much control and kids do what they want. │ 新题预测 　　 Skin cancer is on the rise in young adults.“We need to identify what these kids think so that we can target their thinking and try to change their habits，” said Keri.“The problem is the idea of a tan being beautiful is perpetuated on television and in the media, and it's very hard to break that.” 　　 “Maybe we can get them to think about their skin, and get them to examine it carefully and know what changes to look for, so if they do go tanning or are out in the sun, they can at least be aware of the signs of skin cancer so they can get treated early，” she added. │ 新题预测 　　 1．What can we learn from Dusza's words? 　　 A．Kids consider tanning as a kind of beauty. 　　 B．Kids know a lot about sun safety in fact. 　　 C．Adults don't know what the kids think. 　　 D．It's difficult for kids to learn about skin cancer. 　　 2．What makes it difficult to break the children's idea of a tan being beautiful? 　　 A．Parents' control on children. 　　 B．Lacking of education. 　　 C．Showing of tan on TV and other media. 　　 D．Children having too much freedom. │ 新题预测 　　 3．The underlined word “perpetuated” in Paragraph 6 may mean ________. 　　 A．analyzed B．ignored 　　 C．replaced D．fixed 　　 4．What does the study in the text show? 　　 A．Most young children don't know about sunscreen. 　　 B．Parents care little about their children's tanning. 　　 C．Kids try to get a tan not for health but for beauty. 　　 D．Kids must be stopped from spending time in the sun. │ 新题预测 　　 【要点综述】 本文是一篇时文阅读。大多数孩子因为追求皮肤黝黑之美而在阳光下暴晒，这容易导致他们的皮肤被阳光灼伤，甚至有患皮肤癌的危险。 　　 1．A　推理判断题。从文章第四段they say people look better with a tan可知，孩子们认为皮肤被阳光晒得黝黑是一种美的象征。 　　 2．C　细节理解题。文章倒数第二段说明，电视及其他媒体大肆渲染皮肤黝黑之美，孩子们受到媒体的影响，这一观念很难改变。 │ 新题预测 　　 3．D　词义猜测题。从后文的it's very hard to break that来看，“皮肤黝黑之美”已成为各种媒体上的固定观念，很难改变。只有fixed符合上下文语境，其他均与文章无关。 　　 4．C　推理判断题。文章介绍，孩子们为了追求皮肤的黝黑之美，尽管皮肤被灼伤并可能引发皮肤癌，但是孩子们仍旧乐此不疲。由此推断，孩子们这样做不是为了健康，而是为了追求美。 │ 新题预测 │ 备用习题 (一) 　　 WASHINGTON——Chinese VicePresident Xi Jinping arrived at Andrews Air Force Base in Washington，February 13,2012.VicePresident Xi Jinping said he would explore important problems in an active and practical manner with his America hosts on Monday during his fiveday official trip here after arriving at Andrews Air Force Base in the afternoon. In a written statement given upon his arrival，Xi said as the international situation experiences complex and complete 　备用习题 changes，China and the United States have more extensive common interests and shoulder more important common responsibilities on the present world stage. 　　 The purpose of the current visit is to “carry out the important consensus reached by President Hu with President Obama during his visit to the United States in January last year and to advance the building of the ChinaUS cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit”，said Xi. │ 备用习题 　　 According to Xi，bilateral(双边的)relations have moved forward in spite of some twists and turns during the past several decades. 　　 “This has brought enormous benefits to our two countries and two peoples，and has had a positive, farreaching impact on peace，stability and the prosperity of the AsiaPacific region and the world at large”． 　　 Xi said that“whether we can seize opportunities，tackle challenges and build a cooperative partnership at the new historical starting point matters to the future of our two countries and the world as a whole.” │ 备用习题 　　 Xi said he looks forward to engaging in extensive dialogue and exchanges with Americans from various sectors to enhance cooperation and strengthen friendship. 　　 Xi is scheduled to meet US senior government officials，including Henry Kissinger，Brent Scowcroft，Zbigniew Brzezinski，Madeleine Albright and Henry Paulson this evening to listen to their advice on ChinaUS ties. 　　 Meetings between Xi and US VicePresident Biden and President Obama are scheduled on Tuesday. │ 备用习题 　　 1．The passage mainly tells us ________. 　　 A．Xi's fiveday official trip 　　 B．ChinaUS cooperative partnership 　　 C．Xi is set to discuss important bilateral problems 　　 D．China and the US have more common interests 　 │ 备用习题 　　 2．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________. 　　 A．the current world stage remains peaceful 　　 B．China and the US should build the cooperative partnership 　　 C．Xi himself wrote a statement about his arrival 　　 D．China and the US have the equal rights 　　 3．The underlined word“consensus”in Paragraph 3 means ________. 　　 A．agreement 　　 B．opinion 　　 C．partnership 　 　 D．benefit │ 备用习题 　　 4．According to the passage，bilateral relations between China and the US have experienced________. 　　 A．enormous dialogues 　　 B．extensive exchanges 　　 C．many challenges 　　 D．various hardships 　　 5．What is Xi's attitude towards the visit? 　　 A．Respectful. 　　 B．Optimistic. 　　 C．Approving. 　　 D．Expectant. │ 备用习题 　　 【要点综述】 本文报道了习近平副主席访问美国并和美方讨论重要的双边问题。 　　 1．C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文报道习近平副主席要和美方讨论重要的双边问题。 　　 2．B　推理判断题。根据第五段内容“This has brought enormous benefits to our two countries and two peoples，and has had a positive, farreaching impact on peace，stability and the prosperity of the AsiaPacific region and the world at large”．可知中美关系非常重要，所以双方应该建立一个合作的伙伴关系。 │ 备用习题 　　 3．A　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面“reached by President Hu with President Obama during his visit to the United States in January last year”可知这个词应该指两位领导人达成的共识。 　　 4．D　细节理解题。根据第四段“According to Xi，bilateral(双边的)relations have moved forward in spite of some twists and turns during the past several decades.”可知双边关系经历了很多的波折与困难。 │ 备用习题 　　 5．D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Xi said he looks forward to engaging in extensive dialogue and exchanges with Americans from various sectors to enhance cooperation and strengthen friendship.”可知习近平副主席对本次访问很期待。 │ 备用习题 (二) 　　 ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia—One of the world's most famous fossils(化石)—the 3.2 millionyearold Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974—will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday. 　　 Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice.The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a_replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years │ 备用习题 discussing with the Ethiopians for the U．S.tour, which will start in Houston next September. 　　 “Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world，” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston Museum. 　　 The sixyear tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago.Officials said six other U．S.cities may be on the tour.But they said plans had not yet been worked out. Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils. │ 备用习题 　　 Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3.5foottall apeman(猿人)． 　　 1．The author writes this text mainly to ________. 　　 A．introduce a few U．S.museums 　　 B．describe some research work 　　 C．discuss the value of an apeman 　　 D．report a coming event │ 备用习题 　　 2．What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to? 　　 A．A painting of the skeleton. 　　 B．A photograph of Lucy. 　　 C．A copy of the skeleton. 　　 D．A written record of Lucy. 　　 3．How many cities has Lucy's U．S.tour plan already included? 　　 A．Four. B．Five. 　 C．Six. D．Eleven. 　　 4．What was the skeleton named after? 　　 A．An apeman. 　 B．A song. 　　 C．A singer. 　　　 D．A camp. │ 备用习题 　　 【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了科学家1974年在埃塞俄比亚发现的露西化石，露西生活的年代是320万年之前，是目前世界上最重要的古人类化石之一。而这个化石将在美国一些城市进行展览。 　　 1．D　主旨大意题。 根据第一段的“ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia…will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.”可知这是一篇新闻报道，报道即将发生的事情，因此选D。A“介绍美国的几家博物馆”；B“介绍几项研究工作”；C“讨论猿人的价值”；均与作者的意图不符。 │ 备用习题 　 　 2．C　词义猜测题。结合第二段的“…while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom”中的real，可知这个词的含义是“复制品”。A“骨骼的绘画”；B“露西的照片”；D“露西的书面记录”，均与上下文语境不符。 　　 3．B　细节理解题。从文章的“The sixyear tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago.”提到了四个城市，再结合前面的“…which will start in Houston next September.”可知是五个城市。 　 │ 备用习题 　　 4．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句话“Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery”可知露西的名字来源于一首披头士乐队的歌曲，故选B。A“猿人”；C“歌手”；D“营地”；均与原文信息不符。 │ 备用习题 (三) 　　 Chinese media and Internet users on Monday condemned lack of morals in society after a toddler was struck twice—by two different vans—and left bleeding on the road as more than a dozen bystanders did nothing to help the seriously injured girl. The incident, captured by a surveillance camera and broadcast by Southern Television Guangdong (TVS)，showed the twoyearold girl was knocked down and run over by a white van on a narrow market street on the afternoon of Oct.13，in Foshan City of Guangdong Province. │ 备用习题 　　 The driver fled the scene of the accident，leaving the girl to bleed on the sidewalk.Over the next six minutes，more than a dozen people walked by the girl，yet not one individual did anything to help her.The girl was then hit a second time by another van before an elderly trash collector came to her aid and brought the attention of the girl's mother，according to the video and eyewitnesses. 　　 Doctors said that the girl，who was put on life support after being hospitalized，remains in a deep coma.The girl's parents，who are migrants living in the city，are now with her. Police said the drivers of both vehicles have been arrested. │ 备用习题 However，the apathy of the bystanders shown in the video has shocked the public，as Internet forums have seethed with anger, and people are questioning the morality of society. 　　 High moral standards were once triumphed as national pride in China where individuals known for selflessly helping others were adored by the public. 　　 But in recent years，the perception(观念)of a decline of morals has become a hot topic as profit and materialism are perceived to be affecting society's values. │ 备用习题 　　 On Sept.2, an 88yearold man in central China collapsed，his face striking the pavement.Yet，no one came to his aid，and he ended up choking to death on the blood from his nose. Some have linked the absence of good Samaritans (模范人物)to a previous case in which a man trying to help an elderly woman who fell was accused of harming her. │ 备用习题 　　 A strong chorus of opinion on the Internet says laws should exempt(免除)Samaritans from liability(责任)，yet laws themselves cannot solve society's morality dilemma. Cao Lin，a China Youth Daily commentator，said in a signed article published on Monday that the worry of liability should not be an excuse for not helping，and this case exposes the decline of humanity in Chinese society. │ 备用习题 　　 1．According to the passage，what would happen if someone helped others selflessly in the past? 　　 A．He/She would be condemned by the public. 　　 B．He/She would be awarded by the government. 　　 C．He/She would have to worry about liability. 　　 D．The public would feel proud of him/her and show love and respect for him/her. │ 备用习题 　　 2．Which of the following is TRUE about this passage? 　　 A．Nobody helped the girl who was struck twice by two different vans. 　　 B．The toddler died immediately after she was hit a second time. 　　 C．High moral standards were once regarded as national pride in China. 　　 D．Journalists from TVS captured the incident by using a camera. │ 备用习题 　　 3．In recent years, society's values are believed to be affected by________. 　　 A．profit and materialism 　　 B．people's perceptions 　　 C．the apathy of bystanders 　　 D．the morals of society │ 备用习题 　　 4．According to Cao Lin，what is the fundamental reason for not helping the girl? 　　 A．The worry of liability. 　　 B．Lack of laws that exempt Samaritans from liability. 　　 C．The decline of humanity in society. 　　 D．The fear of being accused of harming her. 　　 5．Where is the article most probably taken from? 　　 A．A fashion magazine. 　　 B．A news report. 　　 C．A science fiction. 　　 D．An education column. │ 备用习题 　　 【要点综述】 文章是一篇新闻报道，讲述的是一个孩子——小悦悦惨遭两车碾压后，路人漠然对待的事情，并引发了全国对社会道德缺失的讨论。 　　 1．D　细节理解题。根据第六段可知。 　　 2．C　细节理解题。根据第六段可知。 　　 3．A　推理判断题。根据第七段可知。 　　 4．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“…and this case exposes the decline of humanity in Chinese society”可知。 　　 5．B　推理判断题。根据上下文可知这是一篇新闻报道。 │ 备用习题