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初一上册英语语法知识小结
初一上册英语语法知识小结 ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中学英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 ★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。 官方网站:http://hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 初一上册英语语法小结 1.there be 句型 “有”指 “某地有某物”形式 :there is, there are 例:There is some food in the fridge。冰箱里有一些食物。 There are many books on the desk. 桌上有许多书。 区分:there is 用于修饰单数名词和不可数名词 ,例如:a book , an egg, milk, ice-cream ....... there are 用来修饰可数名词复数 如果要表达某处没有某物 则要用there be 句型的否定形式,即在there be 后加not ,即 there be not 形式:there is not (there isn't) there are not (there aren't) 例: There isn't any milk in a glass。 There aren't any vegetables in the fridge. 若表示是否有,则要用 there be 句型的疑问句 即把be 提前 Be there 形式 Is there , Are there 例:Is there any milk in the glass? Are there any vegetables in the fridge? 注意:这里涉及some any 的用法 some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的 疑问句中,是想要得到肯定答复的,要用some。例:Would you like some milk? 对于there be 疑问句的回答:肯定:Yes,there isare. No,there isn'taren't. 2.havehas got 有 指某人有某物 例:I have a dog.我有一只狗。 He has a sister and a brother.他有一个姐姐和一个弟弟。 区分 :have has: have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数(I ,we ,they) has用来修饰第三人称单数(she, he , it ) 若表示某人没有某物,则要用否定形式,即在havehas got 后加not 即have not (haven't)got ,has not (hasn't)got. 例:I haven't got a sister but i have a brother. She hasn't got bright eyes and long hairs. 某人是否有某物则要用havehas got的疑问形式,HaveHas +sb.sth. + got Have they got a picnic at weekends? Has the dog got a host family?(寄宿家庭) 寄宿制家庭,就是留学生住在当地人家了,有提供伙食或不提供两种,房租较高,适合高中生去寄宿! 回答:肯定:Yes, i we they have. Yes , she he it has. 否定:No , i we they haven't. No, she he it hasn't. 注意:there be 和 have got 的区别 两者虽都指"有",但侧重点不同。 例:《1》There are some food in the fridge. <2>The fridge has got some food. 虽然都是“冰箱里有食物”但(1)句侧重于食物,(2)句侧重于冰箱。 3.be(am is are) 用法:我用am 你用are, is连着她他它,单数用is,复数用are 例:I am a student. She is a beautiful girl. He is a child. It is a dog. You are my teacher. They are my friends, The boys all are England. be 的否定形式 直接加not 即 am not, are not , is not. 例:I am not an English. I am Chinese. She isn't kind. They aren't my friends. 疑问形式把be提前 即 be+ 主语......? 例:Is he your father? Are they going to have a party? 回答:肯定:Yes, I am. Yes,she he it is. Yes , you we they are. 否定: No, I am not. No, she he it isn't. No , you we they aren't. be的句式, 所用情况: 1》be + 形容词(adj.). 例:I am very happy. 2> be+ 名词(n.) 例:He is a boy. 3> be + 介词短语 例:She is in the school. 4> be+形容词短语 例: He is only 11 years old. 5> be+ 副词 例:Class is over. 4. 情态动词 can can 可以 能够,表示某人能做某事 用法:can+v.原 不能做某事,则用can 的否定形式: cannot (can't)+v.原 can没有人称和数的变化,因此谁能(不能)做某事都能用can 若表示某人是否能做某事 则要用can 的疑问形式,即can+sb.……? 例:I can speak Chinese. I can't speak English. Can you speak English? He can swim but he can't play football. Can she play the piano? 疑问句回答 :肯定:Yes, I she you he it they we can. 否定:No, I she he it you we they can't. 注意:can 表示“能力”时,指现在的能力,并不指过去或将来的能力。 5 .情态动词would 想 主要用于 would you like to ...句型中,表示邀请。 例:Would you like to go to school with me ? 回答一般有两种形式:1 表示愿意:I'd like love to. 2 拒绝:Sorry, 原因。 注意:would like to 本身并不表示邀请, 而是想要。例:I would like to some books. 另外,表示邀请还能说:Let's...... Shall we...... What How about....... 还要注意邀请时询问信息的表达方式:1)询问时间:When is... 2) 询问地点: Where is.... 6 行为动词的一般现在时(根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。行为动词也叫实义动词,比如eat,sleep,行为动词后面只能副词修饰 系动词比如seem,be动词,可以用形容词, 用法: 1.如果表示某人经常性或习惯性做某事,则要用行为动词的一般现在时 He goes to school every day. They eat dinner in the evening. 2.若表示某人现在的动态,也可用一般现在时。 I know him very well. 我和他很熟。 He likes English very much. 他非常喜欢英语。 若表示否定意义,若主语是第一人称或第二人称或第三人称复数,只要在谓语动词后加not,即do not(don't) ,若主语是第三人称单数,则要在谓语动词后加does not (doesn't) 例:I don't go to school every day. She doesn't goes to the shop every day. You don' t sing vell well. 若表示是否经常做某事 则要用疑问意义,将do does 提前即可 例:Do you write a composition every day? 你每天写一篇作文吗? Does it smell good? 它闻起来很香吗? 注意:行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词,用法:用于行为动词之前,be动词之后 常见的频度副词有:often,always, usually, never, seldom,sometimes等 7.变法总结 名词变复数(1)一般在词尾加-s 例词:bags, vegetables , books (2)以s , x , ch , sh 结尾的加-es 例词: watches , boxes , buses , brushes (3)以o 结尾的加-es 例词:heroes 英雄 negroes 黑人 tomatoes 西红柿 potatoes 土豆 (4)以o 结尾的加-s 例词:zoos , zeros (5) 以 辅音字母+y 结把y 变 i 加-es 例词:baby——babies ,city——cities (6)以 f 或 fe 结尾 ,把f 或 fe变成 -ves 例词: life——lives 第三人称单数变化形式和名词变复数变化形式相同。 ★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。 官方网站:http://hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 学英语简单吗?肯定会有许多学生说:“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢?答案只有一个:“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言,为什么你说汉语会如此流利?那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中,如果你在伦敦呆上半年,保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境,那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境,坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”,那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。 一、多“说”。 自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语,见了同学,尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候,谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典,遇到生词时查一下这些生词,也不用刻意去记,用的多了,这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担,始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。 或许你有机会碰上外国人,你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼,和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪,婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇,句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇,而且不太看重说法,你只要发音准确,准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心,敢于表达自己的思想。 如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系,你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象,对它谈你一天的所见所闻,谈你的快乐,你的悲伤等等,长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。 二、多“听” 寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时,你应该大胆地去参与,多听听各种各样人的发音,男女老少,节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到,如果这样的机会少的话,你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听,这将会对你帮助很大,而你去听学过的课文的磁带,那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。 三、多“读”。 “读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处,读的内容可以是你的课本,但最好是一些有趣的小读物,因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系,所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后,你必定会在高考中胜券在握。 另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。 四、多“写” 有的同学总是抱怨时间紧,根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多,不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情,或当天学了某一个词组,你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法,又可以锻炼你的写作能力,比如学“wish”一词时,可写一小段如下: The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只几句话:但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上,这样写下来印象会深刻得多,这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。 学习英语不用花大块的时间,10分钟的散步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说,睡前听几分钟英语,可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语,你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。 背英语单词技巧 1、循环记忆法 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库,人脑经历过的事物,思考过的问题,体验过的情感和情绪,练习过的动作,都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子,甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的,这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多 人在学习英语的过程中,只注重了学习当时的记忆效果,孰不知,要想做好学习的记忆工作,是要下一番工夫的,单纯的注重当时的记忆效果,而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。 在信息的处理上,记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程,从信息处理的角度上,英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的能力从生理上讲是十分惊人的,它可以存贮1015比特(byte,字节)的信息,可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%,还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这是因为,有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果,却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题--即记忆的牢固度问题,那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。 一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释 德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus,1850-1909),他在1885年发表了他的实验报告后,记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一,而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。 根据我们所知道的,记忆的保持在时间上是不同的,有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的: 输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后,便成为了人的短时的记忆,但是如果不经过及时的复习,这些记住过的东西就会遗忘,而经过了及时的复习,这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆,从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。那么,对于我们来讲,怎样才叫做遗忘呢,所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来,也不能回忆起来,或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆,这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的,他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节,也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合,比如asww,cfhhj,ijikmb,rfyjbc等等。他经过对自己的测试,得到了一些数据。 然后,艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线,这就是非常有名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线:艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线,图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量,横轴表示时间(天数),曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。 这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的,遗忘的进程不是均衡的,不是固定的一天丢掉几个,转天又丢几个的,而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快,后来就逐渐减慢了,到了相当长的时候后,几乎就不再遗忘了,这就是遗忘的发展规律,即"先快后慢"的原则。观察这条遗忘曲线,你会发现,学得的知识在一天后,如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的25%)。随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢,遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验,两组学生学习一段课文,甲组在学习后不久进行一次复习,乙组不予复习,一天后甲组保持98%,乙组保持56%;一周后甲组保持83%,乙组保持33%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。 二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线 而且,艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现,记住12个无意义音节,平均需要重复16.5次;为了记住36个无意义章节,需重复54次;而记忆六首诗中的480个音节,平均只需要重复8次!这个实验告诉我们,凡是理解了的知识,就能记得迅速、全面而牢固。不然,愣是死记硬背,那也是费力不讨好的。因此,比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料,而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气,在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此,艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线,而且是对无意义的音节而言,对于与其他材料的对比,艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线,不过他们大体上都是一致的。 因此,艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理,学习要勤于复习,而且记忆的理解效果越好,遗忘的也越慢。 三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线--个性化的艾宾浩斯 上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后,产生了不同的记忆数据,从而生成的一种曲线,是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑接受试验个人的个性特点,而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。 但是记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人,因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同,可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为,只能起一个催化的作用,如果与每个人的记忆特点相吻合,那么就如顺水扬帆,一日千里;如果与个人记忆特点相悖,记忆效果则会大打折扣。因此,我们要根据每个人的不同特点,寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线 2》如何学英语 下定决心,坚持不懈 英语学习作为一门语言技能,通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说,英语学习的原则是听、说领先,读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡,首先建立起我能学好英语的信心,然后以句子为单位,大量地模仿,疯狂地操练,大声地朗读,最后达到自如地说英语,他的方法对提高说英语的能力很奏效。 钟道隆教授45岁开始学英语,一年后,学成出国当口语翻译,并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法,他的方法强调以听为主,并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。尤其是他的学习精神最可佳,他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机,你可想象他听了多少英语;用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐,你可想象他写了多少,在一年半内,累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时,也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。如果我们做到他那样,一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持,只要能下定决心,坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语,战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。 注意方法,循序渐进 决心下定,还注意学习方法,有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的,选择不同的学习方法,但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把基础知识掌握好,也就是说,发音要正确、基本词汇要掌握牢、基本句式要熟练、基本语法要会用。 (1)要过好语音关。把每一个音标发正确,注意改正有问题的音素,特别是那些容易混淆的音素,尽早地掌握国际音标,并尽量的掌握一些读音规则,尽快地能利用读音规则来拼单词,掌握读音规则对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。 (2)掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关,学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握,要注意单词的一词多义,一词多类的用法,要学会一些构词法的知识,来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学,要结合词组,通过句子,阅读文章来活记单词,死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前,先反复听,听的时候反应单词、句子的意思和节奏,想一下单词的拼法、句子结构。并要同学习语法规则有机结合起来进行。 (3)掌握好基本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要,它能帮助我们把握住英语的基本规律,通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规则要记住,活的规则要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进行操练,不但要注意数量,更重要的是要注意质量,尤其是基本知识要掌握的准确,熟练。只有经过大量的实践,才能做到熟能生巧,运用自如。 提前预习,有的放矢 作为学生,在每次上课前,都要对要学的课文提前预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词,也可以借助配套磁带反复听,对比一下,把握不准的要标出来,注意上课老师的发音,还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料,预习一遍课文,找出不明白的地方,做到心中有数,在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之,预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容,找出不明白的地方,带着问题听课,做到有的放矢。 认真听课,积极配合 课堂是老师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的老师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的,但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极思考。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的,要向老师提出,把问题搞清楚,老师讲授的问题,先注意听,下课后整理一下笔记,反复思考一下这些问题,抓住老师所讲的重点,难点和考点。总之,上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想,调动起多个感官来。 完成作业,找出问题 学完每一课,要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要看参考书上题的答案,做完后再对答案,对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题,应该记下来,等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节,它是消化知识和巩固知识的过程,一定要认真完成规定的作业,笔头作业要动一动笔,口头作业要动一动嘴,提高听力要练一练耳,课文在听和读的基础上,最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之,要做大量的练习,英语是练出来的, 一定不要偷懒。 及时复习,巩固知识 学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘,但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心。问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度。善于类比,总结知识,把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进行横向和纵向比较和联系。建立错误档案记录,加深印象,以避免再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的,及时复习对于记忆非常必要,学英语就是要坚持天天不断的练,不断地重复基本句型,常用词汇和基本语法等。学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。 总而言之,只要你能做到下定决心学,注意学习方法,把课前预习,认真听课,完成作业,及时复习这些环节作好了,你一定能够学好英语 ★哈佛大学★英语系研究,美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。 官方网站:http://hafo.yeryy.com/ 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation? l 1.掌握一些动词短语 l 2.掌握what, where,when,how long引导的特殊疑问句。 l 3.学会现在进行时表将来的用法 考点整理 1.和朋友们一起度过时光spend time with friends 2、租借影碟Rent videos 3、考虑think about 4、决定。。。decide on.. 5、向她询问她的计划ask her about her plan 6、忘记要做某事forget to do 7、回来Come back=get back Unit 3 7. 那听起来很棒。That sounds nice. 8. 休闲在家relax at home 9. 你将和谁一起去? Who are you going with? 11. 在(深)山里in the mountains 12. 你将呆多长时间?How long are you staying? 13. 离开太长时间go away for too long 27. 做一些不同的事do something different 28. 计划做某事plan to do sth 29. 在乡村in the countryside 31. 多睡sleep a lot 32. 迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do sth 33. 做完某事finish doing sth 35. 询问某人某事ask sb about sth 36. 一个观光的好地方a good place to go sightseeing 37. 随身带上某物take sth with sb 38. 离开某地leave +(from) 地点 动身前往某地leave for +地点 离开…去…leave … for … l 1. What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister. l 2. Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents. l 3. When are you going? l I’m going next week. l 4. How long are you staying? l We’re staying for two weeks. l 5. Where are they going? 1. something different 不同的事情 形容词修饰不定代词时放在不定代词后面 e.g. something difficult / something important 2. plan n. make plans v. plan to do something e.g. We should make plans before we do anything. I plan to go shopping this weekend 3. relaxing 令人轻松 relaxed 感到轻松 e.g. He plans to have a very relaxing vacation. I am relaxed after reading the interesting book. interesting 有趣的 surprising 令人吃惊的 exciting 令人兴奋的 Interested 感到兴趣 surprised 感到吃惊 excited 感到兴奋 e.g. I am interested in the interesting film. He was surprised when he heard the surprising news. 4.It takes (sb.) +time +to do sth. 花某人多长时间做某事; 在这一句型中, time 指一段时间,常用how long 提问 It takes me 30 minutes to get to YiBin.= I spend 30 minutes getting to YiBin How long does it take you to get to Yibin? 5. spend – spent – spent 花费 spend some time/ some money on something (in) doing something. e.g. I spent six yuan on the book I spent six yuan (in) buying the book. spend 以人做主语 花费 take 以it做形式主语 cost 以物做主语 e.g. It takes me twenty minutes to go to school. The video costs me ten yuan. 6 . can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地做某事 e.g. He can’t wait to eat the delicious food. 7. finish + V-ing He finished drawing a horse an hour ago 8. ask sb about sth 问某人关于某事 She is always asking me about my study. 9. be away + for +一段时间 离开 I’m away for two days. go away 走开, take away 拿开,带走, keep away 离开 1.leave from…从…离开 他明天要离开北京 He’s leaving from Beijing. 2. leave for 动身去…… 如: 他明天要去北京。She’s leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 3.leave A for B 是离开A到B 如: 她明天要离开上海去日本。She’s leaving Shanghai for Japan tomorrow. He left his notebook at home. 他把笔记本忘在家里了 I forgot her name. 我忘了她的名字 区别 leave + sth + 介词+ 地点 把某物忘在某处 forget + sth 把某事忘了,想不起来了 11. forget– forgot 忘记 forget doing something 忘记做过了某事 forget to do something 忘记要去做某事 e.g. I forget locking the door. 我忘记锁了门了 I forget to lock the door. 我忘记了要锁门 把…拿给人看 l 3. show sth. to sb. = show sb. Sth. l 请把你的照片拿给我看 l Please show me your photos. l Please show your photos to me. 类似的还有: show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看 give me the book=give the book to me 给我书, pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我, sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我 buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书, make me a cake=make a cake for me给我做蛋糕 5.Go +doing 去干某事 l 1. go swimming 去游泳 l 2. go boating去划船 l 3. go skating 去溜冰 l 4. go walking去散步 l 5. go climbing 去登山 l 6. go dancing去跳舞 l 7. go hiking 去徒步远足 l 8. go sightseeing 去观光 l 9.go camping 去野营 l 10. Go shopping 去买东西 l 11 go bike riding 骑自行车旅行, l 12.go fishing 去钓鱼 6.do some reading 读书 l 1. do some shopping 买东西 l 2. do some washing 洗衣服 l 3. do some cooking 作饭 l 4. do some reading 读书 l 5. do some speaking训练口语 正在进行时表将来 八上P95 l 1)、可以用进行时表将来的词有: leave/go/come/arrivestart等 1、我就来 2、我要在八点出发 2.Be going to+V原 3.will+V原 重点练兵 Correct the following sentences. 1. I hear that there is a really excited film on this week. ( exciting ) 2. I have different something to ask you. (something different ) 3. The Smiths are leaveing for Beijing soon. (leaving ) Exercise Correct the following sentences. 4. Could you help me plan to my vacation? ( 删除to ) 5. I hope her is in good health. ( she ) 选择题 1. I am going to spend my summer v acation with my sister. 2. Tom doesn’t have enough money to buy a house, so he has to r ent one. 3.What’s your p lan for this term. 4.A: What D you ? B: I am my sister. A: do; do; babysit B: are; doing; babysit C: did; do; babysitting D: are; doing; babysitting 5.A: What is he doing for vacation? B: He is A . A: going camping B: go camp C: go camping D: going camp ( C )1. ---What’s she doing this summer holiday? ---She______her sister. A. babysits B. babysitter C. is babysitting ( D )2. ” What are we going to do on Sunday?” “ How about _ ?” A. to go bike riding B. going bike to ride C. going to bike riding D. going bike riding ( C )3. I’m going bike riding after I finish______the book. A. to write B. writes C. writing ( C )4. The food is the same every day, today I want to eat_________. l A. different something B. anything different l C. something different ( B )5. There isn’t _____with your watch. It works well. A. wrong something B. anything wrong C. nothing wrong 练习: 1. We are going __camping_(camp) this Sunday. 2. Liu Hong is the __twelfth__ (twelve) one to come here. 3. Will you please show all your___photos__(photo) to me. 4. Let’s go bike __riding ____(ride) this weekend. 5. The children couldn’t wait ___to watch___ ( watch) the match. 6. They are going __fishing___(fish) next Sunday. 7. My parents want to ask me about place __to visit ___ (visit) in England. 8. After I finish __cleaning __ (clean) the room, I’ll have a rest. 10. Lucy spend an hour ___doing____(do) her homework every day. 11. I plan_____to study ____ (study) English next year. 12. I want to do something ____different________(difference) this time. 13. Mike is ___staying____ (stay) for five days. 14. Tell him ___to be ___(be ) quiet in the reading room. 15. That is a good place____to watch ____(watch) birds. 16. How about____camping ___(camp) with us to the museum? 17. My family ____are going ___(go) sightseeing next week. 18. I am _panning ___(plan) my vacation to Italy this weekend. ( A )6. “I’m sorry I forgot the letter for you!” “It doesn’t matter, I’ll post it myself.” A. to post B. posting C. post D. posted ( B )7. I put my photos at home. Can I _____________tomorrow? A. show you to them B. show them to you C. show them you ( A ) 8. My mother wants ____a teacher. A.me to be B. to me be C. me be to ( C )9. I’m going bike riding after I finish____the book. A. to write B. writes C. writing ( C )10 I always feel tired, can you give me some__________? A. good advices B. pieces of good advices C. pieces of advice D 11.-- What’s your father _____ this Sunday? -- He is going to Wuhan. A. do B. does C. to do D. doing A 12. They’re _____ in the mountains. A. going camping B. go camping C. go to camp D. going camp C 13. Dad is planning _____ me a new computer. A. buying B. buy C. to buy D. bought B 14. The story sounds ______. A. fun B. funny C. funnily D. badly B 15. My son ______ fifteen next Saturday. A. is B. will be C. is going to be D. was A 16. With ____ are you going to Beijing? A. whom B. who C. whose D. who’s C 17. The poor beggar died _____ a cold night. A. in B. at C. on D. for 18. My bag is black. What about __yours____? (you) 19. How about ___swimming_____ in the river? (swim) 20. The _babysitters__ are __babysitting___ those busy parents’ children. (babysit) ▲ 十一国庆节期间你准备去海南度假。请你写一个旅游计划。 在国庆期间,我要跟父母一起去海南度假。我们将在9月29号出发。我们坐飞机去。我们将在那儿呆大约一个星期。我们会去观赏风景。我们将去海滩,去钓鱼,去购物等。 多么美妙的假期!它可以帮助我忘记所有的烦恼。一个没有压力的假期,我都等不及了。当我回来时,我将成为一个全新的女孩。 During the National Day ,I'm going to Hainan for vacation with my parents. We are leaving on September 29th . We are going there by plane. We are staying there for about one week. We are going sightseeing there. We are going to the beach. We are going fishing, going shopping and so on. What a wonderful vacation it is! It can help me forget all my trouble. A no-stressed vacation. I can't wait. I'll be a new girl when I get back to Zhongshan. ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 初一英语上册Units 1—6期末考试参考试题 考试内容: 口试 听力 笔试 总分 考试时间 20分 20分 60分 100分 100分钟 一、 口试 (共计20分) A. 朗读课文(10分) 内容: Unit 1 Reading p4 Unit 2 Reading p20 Unit 3 Reading p36 Unit 4 Reading p56 Unit 5 Reading p72 (学生通过抽签选定一篇朗读内容,每篇文章只要求读其中1至3节) B.回答问题(5分) 根据实际情况回答下列问题。(共5题 每小题 1 分) 1. A: Are you a member of the Reading Club in your school? B: Yes. I am. / No. I am not. 2. A: Do you like dancing? B: Yes. I do. / No, I don’t. 3. A: Can I use your ruler? B: Yes,you can. 4. A: Where do you live? B: I live on Spring Road. 5. A: Which is your favourite festival? B: The Mid-Autumn festival. C. 口头表达(5分) 1. Say something about yourself 2. My day 3. My favourite festival 4. Say something about your favourite food and lifestyle 5. Say something about your favourite shopping mall (学生抽选其中一题,每个话题至少说五句话) 二、听力(共计20分) A. Millie 正在向大家介绍班上同学的爱好,请将所听句子的序号填到相应的横线 上。(听一遍。共5题,每小题1分) B. 上课了。老师用英语问了Millie一些问题,你能帮助她回答吗?将正确答案的 序号填入左边的括号内。(听两遍。共5题,每小题1分): ( )1. A. Monday. B. Sunday. C. Wednesday. ( )2. A. January 1st. B. October 31st. C. December 25th. ( )3. A. In a bookshop. B. In a sports shop. C. In an electrical shop. ( )4. A. Dumplings. B. Rice dumplings. C. Chocolate eggs. ( )5. A. Less than 10 hours. B. Seldom. C. 5 yuan each day. C. 英语课上,吴老师请全班同学一起听一篇英语短文,并要求他们根据短文内容判断正误。正确的写T,错误的写F。下面是吴老师布置的作业,你也来试一试,好吗?(听两遍。共5题,每小题1分) ( ) 1. John and Betty are brother and sister. ( ) 2. John is my cousin. ( ) 3. John is not a student. ( ) 4. Betty is older than (比……大) John. ( ) 5. Betty is now at school. D. Millie是健身俱乐部的成员,Simon也想加入健身俱乐部,他请Millie带他俱 乐部咨询。请听俱乐部的经理与Simon 的对话,并根据对话内容在卡片上填入Simon的相关信息。 (听两遍。共5题,每小题1分) What club do you want to join? __________________________________________ Why do you want to join the club? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 三、 笔试 (共计60分) A.基础知识 (20分) (A) Millie 在和父母谈论她的同学Simon 。请根据上下文的意思,选出正确 答案补全下面的短文。(共5分,每小题1分) Daniel has a lot of VCDs. He likes (1)___________________ (listening to / watching) them. He also loves playing computer (2) _______________ (games / game) and looking for things on the Internet. He spends an hour on his (3) __ (homework / garden) every day. He often plays basketball in the afternoon. He usually plays it with his classmates in the (4) (playground / tennis court). He thinks it is good for his (5) ____________ (health / exercise) (B) 你想了解Kitty的日常饮食和生活方式吗? 请选用适当的词组完成短文。 (共5分,每小题1分) keep healthy lots of grow up for two hours get tired Hi! My name is Kitty. I am 12 years old. I want to be a dancer when I (1) _____________. So I dance (2) ____________________every day. I always (3) ______________after I dance. I need (4) ___________ energy to dance. For a dancer, it is very important to (5) ____________. (C) Millie在做老师布置的家庭作业时,遇到了一些困难,作为好朋友的你, 能帮她一下吗?(共10题,每小题1分) ( ) 1. When you go to school. you say “_________” to your parents. A. Good evening. B. Goodbye. C. Good night. ( ) 2. — When is our National Day. __It’s on __________ the first. A. October B. September C. June ( ) 3. Mr Green has no time to cook at home. He often has dinner ___________. A. on the bus B. at home C. in the restaurant ( )4.Amy always helps the children in poor areas. She is kind and ____________. A. beautiful B. helpful C. young ( ) 5. — Can I have ________cakes, please? — Sorry, I don’t have ________cakes in my fridge. A. some … any B. any … any C. any … some ( ) 6. — Your coat looks very nice. — __________________. A. No, it isn’t nice at all. B. Yes, it is. C. Thank you. ( ) 7. — I forgot to bring my ruler. ________________ — Certainly. Here you are. A. Can I borrow yours? B. Give it to me. C. Sorry, I want to use yours. ( ) 8. — Do you understand what this word means? — Sorry, ________________. A. I see B. I know C. I don’t ( ) 9. — Would you like some bread? — ________________. I’m hungry. A. Yes, please B. No, thanks C. Yes, I would ( )10. My little brother is only one year old. He_____________ books. A. don’t read B. often reads C. can’t read B. 语言运用 (40分) (A) Millie 的生日快到了,妈妈带她去商店买新衣服。下面是她妈妈与营业员之间的一段对话,Millie 有几句没听清楚,你能帮她补上去吗? (共5题,每小题1分) (S= shopkeeper W= Woman) S: Good afternoon. (1) _________________________ W: Yes, I am looking for a dress for my daughter. S: (2) __________________________________ W: Red, please. S: (3) _______________________ I think it’s very nice. W: Yes, it’s nice. But it’s too long, and its colour is a little dark. S: (4) __________________________________ W: Oh, it’s nice. Here’s eighty dollars. S: Sorry. The long one is eighty dollars. But this one is eight–five dollars. W: Oh, I’m sorry. (5) ______________________________ S: Thanks very much. A. How about this light red one? B. Which colour do you like? C. Can I help you? D. There is a red dress. E. Here’s one hundred dollars. (B) Millie 昨天上网查询资料时看到了这样一篇完型填空文章,觉得有点难。你行吗?请帮她选择正确答案。(共10题,每小题1分) Most children like watching TV. On TV (1) _______can learn a lot and they can see and know many things about (2) __________country and the world. Of course, they can learn over the radio. but they can learn better and more easily with (3)__________. Why? Because they can hear and (4) ___________ at the same time. But they can’t (5) ________anything over the radio. Many (6) _______ watch TV on Saturday or Sunday evenings. They are very busy with their lessons on (7) ________. But a few children watch TV every (8)________. They (9) _________very late. So they can’t have a good (10)________. How about you, my young friend? ( ) 1. A. they B. you C. I D. we ( ) 2. A. your B. our C. my D. their ( ) 3. A. radio B. film C. game D. TV ( ) 4. A. watch B. speak C. listen D. sing ( ) 5. A. hear B. like C. see D. learn ( ) 6. A. children B. old people C. shopkeepers D. policemen ( ) 7. A. Monday B. Friday C. weekends D. weekdays ( ) 8. A. place B. time C. man D. night ( ) 9. A. go to bed B. go to the park C. come back home D. get home ( )10. A. time B. rest C. game D. meal (C) Millie正与Amy谈论各自的早餐。阅读他们的对话,然后完成后面的题目。(共5题,每小题1分) Amy: I’m on a diet (节食) now,so I don’t have breakfast. Millie: Never? I always have a good breakfast. Amy: What do you have? Millie: Well, I usually have a cup of coffee and eggs. Sometimes I have some tea and a few pieces of bread. Sometimes I have a big glass of milk and a bowl of noodles. I often put an egg in my noodles. Today I … Amy: Oh, no, please. Don’t tell me any more. You are making me hungry now ! 看完对话之后,请你概括一下他们两人的早餐情况。 Amy doesn’t want to be fat,so she is on a diet now. She never has (1)_________. But Millie always has a (2)_________breakfast. She usually has (3)____________________________________. Sometimes she has (4)_______________________________________________. Sometimes she has (5) _______________________________. (D) Millie的叔叔是一位教师,他经常给Millie 发电子邮件谈他班级的情况。现在你和Millie一起读她叔叔发来的新邮件,然后根据短文内容补全后面的表格。(共5格,每格1分) Hello, Millie! How are you these days? Now I am in charge of a new class. I am their new teacher. The students in my class come from different countries. Henry is English. He’s from London. George is Australia. He’s from Sydney. Mary is an American. She’s from New York. Tom and Jim are Canadians. They come from Ottawa. Li Ping and Wei Hua are Chinese. They come from Nanjing. Miqiko and Miyoko are Japanese. They are from Tokyo. My students come from so many countries, but they are good friends. They often help each other. They have great fun here. Yours Uncle Name Country City Henry England George Australia Sydney America Tom and Jim Canada Ottawa Li Ping and Wei Hua Nanjing Miqiko and Miyoko Tokyo (E) Millie在班上调查同学们最喜爱的生日礼物。请根据调查表和Millie一起 完成下面的作业。(共5题,每小题1分) football CD Comic book Hair clip Computer games Amy × √ √ √√ × Simon √√ √ √ × √√ Kitty × √√ × √√ √ Sandy × √√ √ √ √ Daniel √√ √ √ × √√ ( ) 1. Both girls and boys like ____________________. A. football B. CDs C. computer games D. comic books ( ) 2. _________________both love hair clips. A. Amy and Simon B. Kitty and Sandy C. Kitty and Amy D. Amy, Sandy and Kitty ( ) 3. _____________ doesn’t like computer games. A. Daniel B. Amy C. Kitty D. Simon ( ) 4. No girls like ___________________. A. computer games B. CDs C. comic books D. football ( ) 5. ______________doesn’t like comic books. A. Amy B. Daniel C. Kitty D. Simon (F) 写作(10分) 一天,Millie心爱的宠外物狗Eddie突然不见了。请你根据所提供的寻物启事写一篇短文。不少于五句话,开头和结尾已给出。 Lost Look for: A dog Name : Eddie Appearance : a yellow fat dog long tail,a big mouth two big ears,small eyes Other information : 2 years old, like eating hamburgers like sleeping all day Telephone number: 12345678 E-mail address : Eddie @ sina. com Thank you ! My pet dog is lost. ______ __________________________________________________________________ Thank you very much! ____ ______________ _____ Millie ____ 听力原稿及参考答案: 一、听力部分 A) A. Simon loves playing football. B. Kitty dances every day. C. Daniel enjoys playing computer games. D. Sandy likes listening to music. E. Amy is a member of the Swimming Club. (Key: D C B E A) B) 1. What day is the first day of a week? 2. When is Halloween? 3. Where can I buy a Walkman? 4. What do people in the West eat at Easter? 5. How often do you eat snacks? (Key: B B C C B) C) This is Betty. She is my aunt and uncle’s daughter. She is eleven. Betty’s brother is John. He looks like my uncle. He is thirteen. He’s a student. Now Betty and John are in my home. They are having a good time. ( T T F F F) D) ( M= Manager; S=Simon ) M: Hi. can I help you? S: Yes, I want to join the volleyball club. M: So you like volleyball. don’t you? S: Yes. M: May I know your name, please? S: Simon. M: How old are you? S: I am eleven years old. M: What’s your telephone number? S: 83211238. M: Do you often play volleyball? S: No, I’m not good at it, but I want to learn about it. M: Welcome to our club. I’m sure you will have fun here. ( Simon / 11 / 83211238 / Volleyball club. / I am not good at it, so I want to learn about it. ) 二、笔试部分 A)(A) 1. watching 2. games 3. homework 4. playground 5. health (B) 1. grow up 2. for two hours 3. get tired 4. lots of 5. keep healthy (C) 1-5 B A C B A 6-10 C A C A C B) (A) 1-5 C B D A E (B) 1-5 A D D A C 6-10 A D D A B (C) 1. breskfast 2. good 3. a cup of coffee and eggs 4. some tea and a few pieces of bread 5. a big glass of milk and a bowl of noodles with an egg in it (D) London. Mary. New York. China. Japan (E) 1-5 B C B D C (F) A sample : My pet dog is lost. Its name is Eddie. It is 2 years old. It’s a yellow fat dog. It has a long tail. It has small eyes and big ears. Its favourite food is hamburgers. It likes sleeping all day. If you see a dog like that, please call me. My telephone number is 8569324. Thank you very much. Millie ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 初中英语固定句型,词组及重要知识点 (一)句型(一) such+名词性词组+that… So+形容词/副词+that…——如此……以致…… 例如:(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。 (2)It was such a hot day that they didn’t go out for a walk as usual.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。 注意点: 1.such+a+形容词+名词+that…,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that…,例句(1)可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…,so+much/little+不可数名词+that… (1)There are so many people in the room that I can’t get in.房间里人太多,我进不去。 (2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。 句型(二) (就近一致) There be…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also… 例如:(1)There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 (2)Not only you but also I have been to the Great Wall.你和我都没有去过长城。 (3)Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。 (4)Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。 (5)Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim是英国人。 注意点: 当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both…and… 来记忆,both…and…连接主语时视为复数。 句型(三) Enough+名词+to do…——有足够的……做某事 形容词/副词+enough+to do …——足够……做某事 例如:(1)There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。 (2)The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。 注意点: enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so…that…句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为:The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子。 句型(四) too .... to ..... too+形容词/副词+to do…——太……以致不能…… 例如:(1)I was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。 (2)Tom is too short to reach the apple. Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。 注意点: 这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so…that…结构改写,例如例句(1)可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word. 句型(五) So that …——以便/ 以致…… 例如:(1)They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.他们学习很努力,为了能通过考试。 (2)They started early so that they caught the early bus.他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。 注意点: 在例句(1)中,是引导目的状语;在例句(2)中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,从句中含有情态动词的,为目的状语。无情态动词的,为结果状语。 句型(六) 祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句 例如:(1)Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.努力工作,你就会过上幸福生活。 (2)Hurry up, or we will be late for school. 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。 注意点: 以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句(2)可以改写成:If we don’t hurry up,we’ll be late for school. 句型(七) (1)It’s time for sth.是干某事的时间了。 It’s time (for sb) to do sth.该干某事了。 It’s time that sb did sth.该干某事了。 例如:(1) It’s time for the meeting.该开会了。 (2)It’s time for us to go to school.我们该上学了。 (3)It’s high time that you went to bed.你该上床休息了。 注意点: 在句型(3)中,可以在time前加rush、 high等修饰词,这个句型是虚拟语气的一种,含有“稍迟一点”的含义。而(2)则是“正是干某事的时候”。 句型(八) "花费” (1)It takes sb. Some time to do sth.干某事花某人一些时间 (2)sb. spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事 (3)sb. spend some money on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花钱在某物上/花钱干某事 (4)sth. cost sb. Some money——某事花某人一些钱 (5) sb. pay some money for sth.某人为某事(物)付钱 例如:(1)It took me two hours to write the letter.写这封信花了我两小时的时间。 (2)He spends half an hour (in) reading English every morning.他每天早上花半小时读英语。 (3)He spends one hour on the housework every day.他每天花一小时做家务。 (4)The bike cost me 298 yuan.这辆自行车花了我298元。 (5)I spent 298 yuan on the bike.我买这辆自行车花了298 元。 (6)I paid 298 yuan for the bike.我花了298元买这辆自行车。 注意点:cost主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it 用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。 句型(九) 提建议 (1)Why not do…?为什么不干某事? (2)Let’s do …让我们干某事吧。 (3)Shall we do …?我们干某事好吗? (4)Would you like something/to do sth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗? (5)Will you please do …?请你干某事好吗? (6)What (How) about doing…?干某事怎么样? 例如:(1)Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Let’s go.为什么不去问问老师?好主意!走吧! (2)Shall we go out for a walk?No, let’s go to the zoo.我们去散步怎么样?不,我们去动物园吧。 (3)Will you please fetch some chalks for me?请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗? (4)What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首英语歌曲怎么样?好极了! 注意点:这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子,可视为同义句。 句型(十) (1)Let’s go out for a walk,shall we?让我们出去散步,好吗? (2)Read the book carefully,will you?认真读书,好吗? 注意点:在这两个句型中,(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用will you构成反意疑问句。在(1)中Let’s表示包括“我”在内,用shall we,但若是let us,表示不包括“我”在内,则用will you。 例如:Let us go out for a walk,will you?你让我们出去散散步,好吗? 句型(十一) 倒装句 So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也…… Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也不…… 例如:(1)He can sing a lot of English songs,so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。 (2)She speaks English very well,so do I.她英语说得好,我也是。 (3)Li Lei hasn’t read this book,neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。 注意点:这两个句型都表示和前面所陈述的内容相同,用倒装句。要注意和 “so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词——确实是”相区别,试对比一下例(2): A:She speaks English very well.她英语说得很好。 B:so she does.确实是这样。 句型(十二) 否定的转移 I don’t think his answer is right.我认为他的答案不对。 例如:(1)I can’t believe she is right.我相信她是不对的。 (2)You don’t think they will come tomorrow, do you?你认为他们明天不会来,是吗? 注意点:Think、believe、suppose 等接宾语从句时,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致, 若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例(1)变为反意疑问句应为:I can’t believe she is right,is she? (在某些情况下,这种否定也可能不转移,如有兴趣,可上网查找“否定不转移” (二) 初中英语重要句型(25组) 1.There be结构 a.这是英语中常见的一种结构,表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。 eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有” 但是与there be有区别,它的含义是“所有,属有”,其主语为某人。 eg.I have a nice watch. b.There be结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。 C, there be 结构的否定和疑问构成方式: 2.There is a rivernear our school. 否:There is not a river near our school. 问:Is there a river near our school. 回答:Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. 划⑴How many rivers are there near our school? ⑵What’s near our school? d.there be结构的一般将来时,同学们较难掌握,其正确形式为:there is going to be e.反意疑问句的构成:There is no water in the glass, is there? ①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon. A.have B.watch C.be D.play ②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest. A.be B.have C.be on D.on 2.so,neither引导的倒装句 a.So+be(助动词,情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。 eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps. So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too. b.Neither+be(助动词,情态动词)+主语,表示某人也不。 eg.Mother has never been to Japan. Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either. c.So+主语+be(助动词,情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请与a.区别。 eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom. B:So he is.=He is really in the class room. 3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。 ⑴It’s two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了) ⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了 4.祈使句+and (那么)... eg.Go straight on and you’ll see a school. =If you go straight on, you’ll see a school. 5.祈使句+or...否则... eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the other. 6. The+比较级...,the+比较级...越...越... eg.⑴The more, the better.越多越好。 ⑵The harder you work on it, the better you’ll be at it.(你越用功,你就越好。) 7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样?) 8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...? 虽然中文为怎样,我们绝不可照字面翻译为how. eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:I’ve just returned it to the library. 9.I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办? I don’t know how to do. × 10.What...be like?...是什么样的? eg.⑴What’s the weather like?天气如何? ⑵What’s your school like?你们学校是什么样的? 11.What...for?为何目的?为什么? eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab? 12.one of +最高级+复数 最...之一 eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers. 13.findfeelthink it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的) find +宾语 +名词 eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.) find +宾语 +形容词 eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物) 14.I don’t think+肯定句 我想...不 eg.I don’t think I’ll take it. (我想我不买它了) 请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。 15.prefer A to B=like A better than B更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B. eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken prefer to do rather than do would rather do than do= would do rather than do 16.had better do sth.最好干某事. 否定:had better not do sth. 特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be. eg.You’d better catch a train. You’d better not talk in class. You’d better not be late for the class. 17.It is good (nice) of+宾格+to do sth. It is easy (important) for+宾格+to do sth. eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了) 18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间) =sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth. eg.It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half anhourin doing the work. 19.sb.pay钱 for物 某物化费了某人多少钱 =sb.spend钱 on物 =物 cost sb.钱 pay的过去式为paid而不是payed. eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat. =I spent thirty yuan on the coat. =The coat cost me thirty yuan. 20.have been to某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿 sb.have been in+地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间) have gone to某人已去某地,人不在这儿 21.⑴ too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能" "太…以致于不" eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry.这篮子太重我拿不动。 ②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了,买不起。 ⑵so...that如此...以致于... 上面的too...to结构的句子,可以换成so...that引导的句子转换。 ①The basket is so heavy that I can’t carry it. ②This colour TV is so expensive that we can’t afford it. 22.What’s the population of ...? ...人口有多少? 不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用large eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA 23.I’ve come to return your pan. (我跑来是还你锅的) →Why have you come?而不用What 24.not...until (连词)直到----才 eg.He says that he won’t be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。 肯定句+until到 eg.You’d better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天) 25.neither...nor...既不...也不... either...or...或者...或者... Not only---but also不仅---而且 eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred". Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则) both...and...两者都... eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数) 练习题: 1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _____ the librory. A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to 2.He knew little about the film ____ he saw it yesterday evening. A.if B.since C.until D.because 3.I____ change his mind. Don’t worry, He’ll surely come to get it. A.think he won’t B.think he will C.don’t think he won’t D.don’t think he will 4.- _____do you_____ the TV play? - Not bad, I think. A.How;think of B.What;like C.How;like D.What;think 5. I _____ have a good time _____ the party. A.hope you will;at B.like you; on C.hope you to ;in D.want you that; from 完成句子: 1. 中国有多少人口,中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。 _____ the population of China? It’s about _____ ______ of the world’s population. 2.门铃一直响着,直到门被林涛打开才停。 The doorbell ______ _____until the door was opened by Lin Tao. 3.午饭后他休息了一会儿,我也休息了一会儿。 He had a short rest after lunch, and ______ ______ I. 4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。 ______ more than ten years ____ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town. 5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有. The bus was_____ crowded that there was hardly ______ standing room in it. 思考题: 1、做饭花了她半个小时。 It ___ ____ half an hour ___ ___ some cooking.=I ______ half an hour _______ some cooking. 2、你真好,经常在数学上帮助我。 It’s really nice _____ you to ____ me _____ my ______. 3、Lily跑得不快,赢不了比赛。 Lily ______ run quickly _____ ______ _____ the race.=Lily ____ ____ ___ ___ ____ the race. 4、在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样? _____ ____ _____ a Teachers’ Day card ____ the art lesson? 5、足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。 Football is ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ games in our school. (三) 英语五类重点必知句型 一、常使用动词不定式的短语 1、It’s time to do sth. It’s time for sth 该作某事的时候了. 2、can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事 3、ask (tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)作某事 4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事 5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事 6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事 7、have sth/nothing to do 有…时要做/与…无关 8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事… 9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事 10、It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth. 作某事对某人来说… 11、It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事 12、It takes sb. st. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间 二、常用动名词的短语 1、enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事 2、keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 继续做某事 3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 4、practice doing sth. 练习作某事 5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事 6、be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事 7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事 8、what about/ how about doing sth. ….怎么样(好吗)? 9、Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人 10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事 11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 被用来作某事 12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花时间作某时 13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事 14、finish doing sth. 作完某时 15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事 16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…胜过… 17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯作某事 18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人作某事 三、省略动词不定式的短语 1、一看二听三使役 see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事 make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事 2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮助某人作某事 3、had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事 4、Why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事 5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. 请你(不)作某事好吗? 四、 同义词比较 1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事 eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest. 2、 forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘记记得曾经做过某事 eg. Please remember to bring my book to school. I remember doing my homework 3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事 be used to do sth. 被用来作某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事 eg. My father used to smoke. Wood is used to make paper. I am used to getting up early. 4、So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 …也一样 So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词 是呀,表示赞同别人的观点 Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语 …也不一样(用于否定句) eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I. It’s a fine day. So it is. She doesn’t like eggs. Neither do I. 5、too…to do sth. 太…而不能… so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致… such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句) 如此…以致… (not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够 eg. The boy is too young to go to school. The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. The boy is not old enough to go to school. 五、常考知识点 1、keep +adj. 保持…状态 keep (sb.) doing sth. 继续做某事/使某人老是做某事 eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean. It’s too late, but he still keeps working. Lily always keeps us waiting for her. 2、make + n. 使某人成为 make + sb. + adj. 使某人… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事 eg. We made Peter our monitor. Books make us happy. He often makes me laugh. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 3、I don’t think that... 我认为…不 eg. I don’t think you are right. 4、It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时… 自从…以来有多久了 eg. It has been two years since we met last time. 6、What do you mean by/ What does .. mean? 是什么意思? eg. What do you mean by “computer”?/What does “computer”mean? 7、What do you think of…/How do you like …? 你认为…怎么样? eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film? ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 初二英语上册 Unit 8 Where did you do on vacation? 徐家初中 于新霞 曹凤珍 Hello! Boys and girls! 你周末过得愉快吧!你去了哪些好玩的地方?休闲之余,可别忘了预习呀!来,随我一起探索知识的奥秘吧! 要点预览 Topic(话题) Holidays and vacations(假期) Functions (语言功能) 1. Talk about past tense(谈论过去发生的事件); 2. Learn the simple past tense(学习一般过去时的用法); 3. Study how to keep a diary(学习以日记的形式记录一天的活动和感想)。 Structures (语言结构) 1. Past tense of regular and irregular verbs(规则动词和不规则动词) 2. was/were 3. How questions(How 引导的特殊疑问句) Target language (目标语言) —Where did you go on vacation? —We went to New York. 2. —Did you go to central park? —Yes, I did.3. — How was the weather? —It was humid. 4. We had great fun playing in the water. 5. I found a small boy crying in the corner. 6. That made me feel very happy. Words(词汇) exam, rainy, delicious, expensive, cheap, crowded, corner, walk, discuss, report, museum, cry, feel, back, make, activity 一般过去时 这一单元主要学习的是be动词的一般过去时态,一般过去时是谈论过去时最常用的时态,它可以表示短暂而很快就完成的动作和事情,时间较长的动作和状态以及重复发生的事情,句子中通常有明确的一般过去时的时间状语。本单元要求掌握下面几点: (1)常见的一般过去时时间状语 yesterday 昨天 last month 上个月 last year去年 an hour ago 一小时前 just now刚才 the day before yesterday 前天 a moment ago刚才 in the past从前 (2) be动词的过去时变化形式 was单数 were复数(you表示单数也要用were) (3)一般过去时的陈述句和疑问句形式 陈述句形式同一般现在时形式一样,只需将be动词改为过去时即可。 疑问句形式:be动词过去时的一般疑问句,须将was或were提到主语前。回答用yes或no。例如: “Were you at school yesterday?” “Yes, I was.”/ “No, I wasn’t.” “昨天你在学校吗?”“是的,在学校。”/“不,不在。” She was ill at home last Sunday.上个星期天她生病在家。 I was not at work yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没上班。 Was your father at home last night? 昨晚你爸爸在家吗? My brother was out last night.昨晚我弟弟出去了。 重难点全释 1.Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假了? I went to the mountains. 我去了山区。 (1)这是一个特殊疑问句。由“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词+其它?”构成。由于是询问已发生的动作(过去的事情),所以助动词用过去式did,其后的动词用原形。 e.g. —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去了哪儿? —I visited my friends. 我去拜访了朋友。 (2)与go to the mountains结构类似的词组还有: go to the beach 去海边 go to summer camp 去夏令营 go to New York 去纽约市 go on vacation 去度假 go to a trip 去旅行 go to the movies 去看电影 2.Did you go to central Park? 你去中心公园了吗? Yes, I did. 是的,去了。 这是一个一般疑问句,由助动词提问,回答也用助动词。由于询问的是发生在过去的事,所以助动词用过去式did。 一般过去时的一般疑问句的句子结构: Did+主语+动词原形+其它+? 回答: ※在过去时态中,无论主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数,助动词一律用 did: e.g. 3. I stayed at home. 我呆在家里。 (1)stay可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。当它作不及物动词时就不能直接接宾语,其后接相应的介词短语,表地点(留在某地)或表状态(保持某种状态)。 stay in the office 继续任职(掌权) stay awake 不睡(醒着) stay in the army 留在部队中 stay at home 呆在家中 e.g. We're staying in the same hotel. 我们住在同一家旅馆。 (2)home与house, family的区别 home指“家”这个概念,包括“住处”和“家人”。 house则指“房子”、“住宅”,侧重于建筑结构。family则指“家庭成员”。 e.g. I watched TV at home last might. 我昨晚在家里看电视。 This house is very beautiful. 这房子真漂亮。 My family is a small but happy one. 我家人不多但很幸福。 My family are watching TV. 我的家人在看电视。 ※当family作整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;看作一个个成员时,谓语动词用复数。 4.How was your vacation, Lin? 林,你的假期怎么样? It was pretty good. 很不错。 询问过去的状态,用动词的过去式。主语是单数用 was, 复数用were, e.g. How was the weather? (那时的)天气如何? How were the people there? 那儿的人怎么样? They were friendly. 他们很友好。 5.We had great fun playing in the water. 在海里我们玩得很高兴。 have fun doing sth. 做某事很有乐趣 e.g. We have fun learning English. 我们学英语很有乐趣。 6.写日记的格式: 在左上角写上日期,先星期(week)再日期(date),在右上角写上天气(weather)。 然后另起一行,就可以写下你想要写的事情或感想了。 注意写日记时,要使用正确的时态,如果你记叙的是已经发生的事情,一般都应用过去时态。如果写的是感想等,就可以用一般现在时。 7.I found a small boy crying in the corner. 我发现一个小孩在角落里哭。 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 e.g. When I came in, I found him lying on the floor. 我进去时发现他躺在地板上。 背景知识 Eyes on the World 异域风情录 1. 美国国会大厦(the Capital)位于首都华盛顿市中心,有建筑师桑顿(W. Thornton)设计,1793年奠基,后几经重建、扩建。大厅内装饰辉煌,大厦周围环境优雅,为当地名胜(place of interest)之一。 2.大英博物馆(British Museum)是英国最大的综合性博物馆,位于伦敦鲁塞尔大街各馆内都收藏着世界各地和英国的珍贵文物。其中东方馆里还有一些中国古代、近代的艺术珍品。 3.悉尼港湾大桥(Sydney Harbor Bridge)是澳大利亚(Australia)悉尼市的标志性建筑(building)之一。这座大桥贯穿悉尼南北,全长2500米,万吨巨轮(ship)可从桥下通过。游客可登上高95米的桥塔,欣赏悉尼美丽的景色。 ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果 初三英语复习计划 初三复习是中考备考的重要阶段,对中考成功起着催化剂的作用。因此,这个阶段的安排有效与否直接影响着中考的效果。那么,怎样才能做好这阶段的复习工作呢?在我看来,应该做到以下几方面: 首先,复习基础知识。万变不离其踪。不管考试题型如何变换,还是离不了基础知识。所以,课本上的句型,语法,单词等知识还是应该牢固掌握。第一轮复习就应该以这些为重点,主要复习七,八,九年级的基础知识点,做到每天听写单词,重点句型,词组搭配等。只有做好这一阶段的工作,才能顺利进行下面的复习工作。 其次,分模块进行专题训练。中考题型分为听力,单项选择,完型填空,阅读理解,写作等模块。这一阶段分别对这几模块进行专门训练。在训练的同时,可以适当教给学生一些专门的做题技巧。比如听力,应该训练学生捕捉重点信息的能力。单项选择,完型填空主要考察语法,固定搭配,这些知识还是得靠学生平时的积累。阅读理解主要还是词汇积累,要训练学生的阅读能力和理解能力,教会学生达到阅读完能说出其文章大意的目的,这样,才能有把握完成阅读任务。训练写作能力,应该每天至少写一篇英语作文,一开始写一些简单句子,逐渐训练学生写一些从句,复杂句子。 最后,进行总复习,做一些模拟训练。这一阶段是提高能力阶段。坚持每天做一套模拟训练题,背诵一些重点词汇,句型等基础知识,提高能力阶段也不能忽视基础知识的积累,基础知识的有效积累也有助于提高能力。 中考备考是初中步入高中的冲刺阶段,做好这阶段的工作,对中考帮助很大。所以,我们应该想方设法备好这阶段的工作。 初三英语复习计划 一、 复习前准备工作 1.分析学生情况复习工作能否做好,需要老师和学生共同的努力,复习计划,内容,过程必须适应我们学生的特点才能发挥良好的作用,取得理想的效果。因此,我们英语老师分析了学生的特点。发现我们的学生普遍存在比较浮躁的学习心理,并且很多学生比较容易骄傲自满,对于基础知识的掌握都不牢固而且比较不屑于处理简单的问题。所以造成的现象是优生不优,很多学生都徘徊在中等的水平,基础差的学生又比较懒惰。针对这一特点,我们决定必须首先让学生们端正思想,知道下一步应该做什么,我们和不同层次的学生沟通思想,帮助他们认识到自己的不足之处,确定复习中第一步的行动。 2. 研究试题,留意中考信息,及时了解命题变化和趋势由于我们备课组四位老师中,2位老师是首次担任初三英语教学工作,因此很有必要仔细的研究历年的中考试题,来把握中考命题的特点。近年来中考试题从知识型向能力型转变,淡化语法,注重语篇,突出交际,强调应用,体现地方特色,散发时代气息并开始进行学科之间的渗透.主要体现在: 1. 通过实际情景和语境考查学生对基础知识的理解和运用 2. 试题选材结合热点,注重教育性 3. 试题紧密联系生活,注重考查学生综合运用语言解决实际问题的能力 4. 采用开放性试题考查学生的语言实际运用能力二、复习计划俗语说:不打无准备之仗。制订复习计划目的在于避免盲目性,增强针对性,力求在有限的时间内获得最佳复习效果。我们将复习分为三个阶段 1.基于课文内容的基础复习阶段。在这个阶段,我们主要以课文单元为主复习词汇,短语,常用句型,语法知识等基础知识。 2.专项训练阶段。按照中考题型逐一集中训练。 这一阶段我们准备以题型为载体,渗透做法指导。帮助学生熟悉中考题型,掌握一定的解题技巧。发现问题,及时解决。 3. 综合模拟训练阶段,综合训练、仿真模拟。准备采取课上、课下做题相结合的方式,要求学生独立认真完成,让学生弄清错误原因,哪块知识存在问题,查漏补缺。配以模拟训练,培养学生时间意识,良好的应试心理。三、目前复习情况目前我们已经基本快完成了第一阶段的复习。这个阶段课文是复习的中心,是词汇、语法知识、听说读写活动和培养听说读写能力的综合材料,是复习的主要依据。但复习课又不同于新授课,我们在课堂中非常注意培养学生自我总结、自我归纳、自主学习的能力。在复习词汇的时候,我们每天默写一定量的单词。根据读音、拼写、同义词、反义词、同音词、形近词等对单词分别整理总结,区别异同,减少使用错误。同时我们还按照词类对单词进行整理,拓展,建立词形与词义之间的联系,熟悉单词的用法。 在词组的总结的时候我们按照词类归纳分为名词词组,动词词组,介词词组等。列出课文中的重点词组,要求学生每天背诵默写。同时,我们还常按照某一中心词来归纳总结词组。语法复习重点是八种时态、动词不定式、被动语态,以及宾语从句、和状语从句。我们在按单元复习的同时,常通过比较,找出异同,把各种语法项目联系起来,做到前后关联。课后我们加以有针对性地练习来巩固。每一个单元我们总结经典句型让学生们加以背诵,并要求他们在作书面表达的时候尽量运用。因为是复习,所以我们尽量做到突出一个“总”字。面对上千的单词,成百的短词和词组,几十种句型,大到语法项目,小到具体的知识点,我们在复习中将他们相互联系起来,形成网络,形成系统,使学生通过复习对这些零零碎碎的知识能有比较清晰的概念。根据第一阶段复习的情况来看,我们还将花一些时间来加强学生普遍比较薄弱的部分。然后再准备进入第二阶段专项的复习。五、复习中的几个点 1.词汇、阅读、听力贯穿始终,坚持每天一练。2.及时反馈,查漏补缺。 3.精讲精练,有的放矢。 4.集体备课,团结一致。 ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:http://qinghua.yeryy.com/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果查看更多