2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修5 unit 5

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修5 unit 5

‎ [话题素材——急救]‎ 好词 ‎1．refresh vt. & vi. 使恢复精力；重新振作 ‎2．delay n. & v. 耽搁；延误；推迟 ‎3．cough n. 咳嗽 ‎4．shock n. 休克 ‎5．proper adj. 合理的 ‎6．build up 增强……的体质 ‎7．get into the habit of 养成……的习惯 ‎8．have a great influence on 对……有很大影响 ‎9．suffer from 遭受；患上 ‎10．be good/bad for 对……有益/有害 ‎11．do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙 ‎12．turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 ‎13．mouth to mouth 嘴对嘴地 ‎14．firstaid station 急救站 ‎15．emergency treatment 急救措施 佳句 ‎1．Young_as/though_he_is,_he learns a lot of knowledge of first aid.‎ 虽然他年纪小，但他学会了很多急救知识。‎ ‎2．You should do it before it is too late.‎ 趁现在还不算太晚，你应该赶快行动。‎ ‎3．I will take_some_measures_to_help_ the injured people.‎ 我将采取一些措施来帮助受伤的人们。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things.‎ Firstly, we should develop a good attitude to life. Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times. We should be brave in front of difficulties. Secondly, we must study hard because knowledge is power. If we have the power, we can help to build our country and enjoy life better. In order to study well, we need to do sports so that we can keep fit. We can go running, play ball games or simply take a walk after a day's study.‎ If we do those things well, we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．injury (n.) 损伤；伤害→injure (vt.) 伤害；损害→injured (adj.) 受伤的 ‎2．bleed (vi.&vt.) 流血→blood (n.) 血液；血统→bloody (adj.) 出血的；血染的；伤亡惨重的 ‎3．poison (n.) 毒药；毒害 (vt.) 毒害；使中毒→poisonous (adj.) 引起中毒的；有毒的 ‎4．treat (vt.&vi) 对待；看待；处理；治疗；请客；款待→treatment (n.) 治疗；处理；对待的方法或态度 ‎5．mild (adj.) 轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly (adv.) 轻微地；温和地 ‎6．electric (adj.) 电的；电动的→electrical (adj.) 与电有关的→electricity (n.) 电；电能 ‎7．organ (n.) 器官→organic (adj.) 器官的；组织的 ‎8．variety (n.) 变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various (adj.) 各种各样的→vary (vi.) 变化；(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同 ‎9．bravery (n.) 勇敢；勇气→brave (adj.) 勇敢的 ‎10．pressure (n.) 压力；压；按；压迫(感)→press (vt.) 按；压 ‎11．swell (vi.&vt.) (使)膨胀；隆起→swollen (adj.) 肿胀的 ‎12．unbearable (adj.) 难以忍受的；不能容忍的→bear (vt.) 承担；忍受 ‎13．tight (adj.) 牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly (adv.) 紧地；牢牢地 ‎14．firm (adj.) (动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly (adv.) 坚固地；稳定地 ‎ 15.apply (vt.) 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用→applicant (n.) 申请人→application (n.) 申请；应用；施用 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．first_aid　　　　　　　(对伤患者的)急救 ‎2．fall_ill 生病 ‎3．electric_shock 触电；电休克 ‎4．squeeze_out 榨出；挤出 ‎5．over_and_over_again 反复；多次 ‎6．in_place 在适当的位置；适当 ‎7．a_number_of 若干；许多 ‎8．put_one's_hands_on 找到 ‎9．make_a_difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎10．prevent...from... 阻止……‎ ‎11．get_burned 烧伤 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．现在分词短语作状语 Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending_on (根据) which layers of the skin are burned.(教材P34)‎ ‎2．unless假如不；除非；引导条件状语从句 Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless_it_is_stuck_to_the_burn (除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上)．(教材P34)‎ ‎3．be doing... when... 正在做……这时……‎ John was_studying (正在学习) in his room when (这时) he heard screaming.(教材P38)‎ ‎4．There's no doubt that... 毫无疑问……‎ There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.(教材P38)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．First aid is a temporary form of help ________ (give) to someone ________ suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.‎ 答案：given; who　第一空考查分词作后置定语，a temporary form of help与give为被动关系，故填过去分词；第二空为定语从句，先行词为someone，且定语从句缺主语，故填who。‎ ‎2．It prevents your body ________ (lose) too much water.‎ 答案：(from) losing　“prevent...(from) doing”意为“阻止……做……”。‎ ‎3．If your skin gets ________ (burn) it can be very serious.‎ 答案：burnt　“get burnt”意为“烧伤；烫伤”。‎ ‎4．There are other times ________ giving first aid quickly can save lives.‎ 答案：when　考查定语从句。先行词为other times且从句中缺少状语，故填when。‎ ‎5．These ________ (effect) both the top and the second layer of the skin.‎ 答案：affect　句中缺少谓语动词，故应填effect的动词形式affect。‎ ‎6．Remove clothing ________ (use) scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.‎ 答案：using　句意：除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。现在分词作方式状语，表示主动。‎ ‎7．You can get burnt by a ________ (vary) of things.‎ 答案：variety　“a variety of”意为“各种各样的”。‎ ‎8．It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid ________ saved Ms Slade's life.‎ 答案：that　该句为强调句型，故填that，强调部分为句子主语。‎ ‎9．I'm proud of ________ I did but I was just doing ________ I'd been taught.‎ 答案：what; what　两个what均引导宾语从句，且都在从句中作宾语。‎ ‎10．Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by ________ (touch) a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.‎ 答案：touching　“by doing...”意为“通过某种方式”。‎ ‎1　　aid　n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助 First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.(P33)‎ 急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。‎ ‎(1)first aid 急救 in aid of 为了帮助；支持 with the aid of sb. 在某人的帮助下 ‎(2)aid sb. 帮助某人 aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事 aid sb. to do sth.＝aid sb. (in) doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎①[2014·湖北高考]A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first__aid and I joined in without hesitation.‎ 一个男人立刻冲到女孩身边给予急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入进来。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]We're collecting money in_aid_of cancer research.‎ 我们正在筹集资金以资助癌症研究。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]Words will be displayed around the room to aid_students_with_spelling.‎ 单词会张贴在室内各处以帮助学生学习拼写。‎ ‎2　　vital　adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的 If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.(P35)‎ 如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。‎ be vital to/for ……是至关重要的 It is vital to do sth. 做……很重要 It is vital that ……是十分重要的(从句中要用should＋do虚拟结构，should可以省略 ‎①[2015·广东高考]73 percent agreed that class was still a_vital_part of British society.‎ ‎73%的人认为阶级仍然是英国社会的重要组成部分。‎ ‎②[2014·浙江高考]Punctuality is vital,_something that comes from a deep respect for others' time.‎ 守时是至关重要的，是出于对其他人的时间的尊重的一种品质。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]As far as I'm concerned, regular exercise is_vital_for our health.‎ 就我个人而言，经常锻炼对我们的健康非常重要。‎ ‎3　　treat　vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待　n．款待；招待 John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands. (P38)‎ 约翰用这些东西处理莱斯德女士手上最严重的伤口。‎ ‎(1)treat sb. as... 把某人看作……‎ treat sb. badly/well 虐待某人/对某人好 treat sth. seriously 严肃认真地对待某事 treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃……；用……招待某人 treat sb. for sth. 治疗某人某种疾病 ‎(2)be one's treat 由某人请客 ‎(3)treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理 ‎①[2015·北京高考]－Did you enjoy the party?‎ ‎－Yes, we were_treated_well by our hosts.‎ ‎——你们在晚会上玩得开心吗？‎ ‎——很开心，主人把我们招待得很好。‎ ‎②[2015·江苏高考]The responsibility of ewaste treatment should be extended from governments to producers.‎ 治理电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产商。‎ ‎③[2014·辽宁高考]The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment,_including eyeglasses.‎ 好消息就是成千上万的孩子现在可以每年检查眼睛并接受治疗，包括眼镜。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]We treat each other as brothers and sisters, so our class is just like a big family.‎ 我们把彼此看作兄弟姐妹，因此我们的班级像一个大家庭。‎ ‎4　　apply　vi.申请；适用　vt.应用；运用；涂抹 He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. (P38)‎ 他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，直到警察和救护车到来。‎ ‎(1)apply...to... 把……应用/运用于……‎ apply to... 适用于……‎ apply (to sb.) for sth. (向……)申请……‎ apply one's mind/oneself to (doing) sth. 专心于……‎ ‎(2)applied adj. 应用的；实用的 ‎(3)application n. 应用；适用；申请 ‎(4)applicant n. 申请人；应征者 ‎①[2015·陕西高考]I'm writing to apply_for the position as a student volunteer.‎ 我写信为了申请作为学生志愿者的职位。‎ ‎②[2014·辽宁高考]But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.‎ 但是研究发现笔记本电脑使用者不能很好地记住及应用他们之前被教给过的概念。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]We applied our minds to_finding a solution to our problem.‎ 我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]The applicant_applied_himself_to_applying_for a post for teaching applied chemistry, saying that he would apply what he had learnt to his teaching.‎ 这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作，并且说他会把他所学到的应用到他的教学中去。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·重庆高考]I am writing to apply ________ it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.‎ 答案：for　“apply for”意为“申请……”。‎ ‎2．[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Guest speakers will also ________ (present) prizes to the students.‎ 答案：present　句意：演讲嘉宾还要给学生颁奖。由will可知应填动词原形。‎ ‎3．They aided us ________ (solve) the problem.‎ 答案：in solving/to solve　句意：他们帮助我们解决问题。aid sb. in doing/to do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。‎ ‎4．I decided to treat you ________ beer.‎ 答案：to　“treat sb. to sth.”意为“用……招待某人”。‎ ‎5．[2014·陕西高考]Men and women must ________ (treat) equally in education and employment.‎ 答案：be treated　句意：男人和女人必须在教育和就业方面受平等对待。主语与treat之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎6．[2015·陕西高考]Luck plays a ________ (vital) role in Judy's survival.‎ 答案：vital　vital“至关重要的”，形容词修饰空后的名词。‎ ‎7．How could you stand by when he was ________ (injury)?‎ 答案：injured　“be/get injured”意为“受伤”。‎ ‎8．Don't touch these flowers; they are ________ (poison)．‎ 答案：poisonous　形容词作表语，句意：不要碰触这些花儿，它们是有毒的。‎ ‎9．The ________ (brave) of the soldier is admiring.‎ 答案：bravery　根据空前的冠词可知应填名词形式，bravery n．“勇气”。‎ ‎10．“I am to make it，” he said to himself ________ (firm)．‎ 答案：firmly　修饰动词应用副词形式，故填firmly。‎ ‎1　　fall ill 生病 First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.(P33)‎ 急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。‎ ‎①She fell_ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.‎ 她病了，然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精神于工作。‎ ‎②[2015·北京高考] “Mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling_asleep.‎ 注意，即专注，是一种被一些人使用来避免入睡的一种工具。‎ ‎③[2015·广东高考]While making great efforts to run away, she fell_over the hill and died.‎ 当努力想要跑开的时候，它(奶牛)跌落山下，死了。‎ ‎2　　in place 在适当的位置；适当 Hold the bandage in place with tape.(P35)‎ 用胶布把绷带固定。‎ in place of 代替 take the place of sb.＝take one's place 代替某人 in the first/second/next place 首先，第一/第二/其次 out_of place 不合适；不恰当 make place for 为……腾地方 ‎①[2013·陕西高考]Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in_place.‎ 首先，我把散落在屋子里的所有书、报纸和其他东西收拾起来，并把它们放在适当的位置。‎ ‎②[2014·浙江高考]They put efficiency in_the_first_place.‎ 他们把效率放在第一位。‎ ‎③[2013·重庆高考]The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in_my_place.‎ 你的问题是不能设身处地为我考虑。‎ ‎④It is likely that computers will take_the_place_of mankind in the future.‎ 未来电脑将有可能代替人类。‎ ‎3　　make a difference 有影响；起作用 It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.(P38)‎ 这说明急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。‎ ‎①[2014·广东高考]I knew I wanted to make_a_difference in the world somehow, but I had ‎ no idea how to do that.‎ 我知道不管怎样我都想在这个世界上有所影响，但我不知道该怎样做。‎ ‎②[2014·福建高考]The smallest good habits can make_a_big_difference.‎ 再小的好习惯也能起大作用。‎ ‎③The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell_the_difference.‎ 这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 fall ill； apply...to； make no difference； in place； take off； a number of； over and over again； be vital to ‎1.It________ whether I give my suggestions or not, because he won't listen to me.‎ 答案：makes no difference ‎2．Though his method of teaching is good, I can't ________ it________ my teaching.‎ 答案：apply; to ‎3．He didn't come to school, because he________.‎ 答案：fell ill ‎4．________ guests who came from home and abroad attended Shanghai Expo.‎ 答案：A number of ‎5．He failed many times，but he had the patience to do it ________.‎ 答案：over and over again ‎6．I hope you left all the books in the library ________.‎ 答案：in place ‎7．Her career ________ after she played a leading role in the new movie.‎ 答案：took off ‎8．Consideration for other people ________ all of us.‎ 答案：is vital to ‎1　　Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.(P34)‎ 除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。‎ ‎(1)unless“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句，有时可与if...not引导的状语从句互换。‎ ‎(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。‎ ‎(3)unless引导的条件状语从句有时可把主语和be动词省略(见“语法冲关”部分)。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·北京高考]These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it.‎ 这些动物独自生活。它们从不碰触任何东西除非正在吃它。‎ ‎②[2014·湖南高考]You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.‎ 除非你全身心地投入工作，否则你决不会获得成功。‎ ‎③Unless_(it_is)_necessary,_you'd better not refer to the dictionary.‎ 除非有必要，否则你最好不要查字典。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．The little boy won't go to sleep ________ his mother tells him a story.‎ 答案：unless　句意：除非妈妈给他讲一个故事，否则这个小男孩不睡觉。unless“除非”。‎ ‎2．[2013·浙江高考]I ________ (walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.‎ 答案：was walking　此处考查be doing...when...句型，意为“正在做……这时……”。句意：我正在街上走，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。‎ ‎3．[2014·湖北高考]I was on my way to the bookstore and ________ (wait) for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, ________ drove off quickly.‎ 答案：was waiting; which　第一空考查be doing...when...句型，故填was waiting；第二空为非限制性定语从句，先行词为car，故填which。‎ ‎4．There is no doubt ________ this candidate's advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.‎ 答案：that　“There is no doubt that...”意为“……是毫无疑问的”。‎ ‎5．[2015·湖北高考]It was in this lake ________ they found the long lost sword of the Ming Dynasty.‎ 答案：that　此句为强调句型，强调地点状语in this lake，应填that。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 Frank was about to leave when he noticed a letter lying on the floor.‎ ‎＝Frank ________________ when he noticed a letter lying on the floor.‎ ‎＝Frank ________________ when he noticed a letter lying on the floor.‎ 弗兰克正打算离开，这时他注意到地板上有封信。‎ 答案：was on the point of leaving; was just going to leave Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．I read for half an hour when I heard steps outside.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：read→had read ‎2．The children played football on the playground when it began to rain.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：played→were playing 省略 定义：在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象称为省略。‎ 简单句中的省略 ‎1．省略主语，祈使句中也省主语。‎ It sounds like a great idea.‎ ‎→Sounds like a great idea.‎ ‎2．省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 What/How do you think about a cup of tea?‎ ‎→What/How about a cup of tea?‎ ‎3．省略表语 ‎－Are you thirsty?‎ ‎－Yes, I am thirsty.→Yes, I am.‎ ‎4．同时省略几个成分 Let's meet at the same places as we met yesterday.‎ ‎→Let's meet at the same places as yesterday.‎ 并列句中的省略 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分 My brother is a doctor and my sisterinlaw (is) a lawyer.‎ 复合句中的省略 ‎1．主句中有一些成分被省略，而用so或not来代替 ‎－Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?‎ ‎－I think so. (so＝I'm leaving for Beijing this Sunday)‎ 这种用法常见的有：I suppose/believe/hope so/not, why not等。‎ ‎2．宾语从句中的省略 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列宾语从句时，第二个that不可省。‎ Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old.‎ ‎3．定语从句中的省略 定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可以省略。‎ I haven't read the book (that) you're reading.‎ ‎4．状语从句中的省略 在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中，和though, although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致时，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省略“主语＋be”部分。‎ When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent.‎ ‎→When asked what he had done, John just kept silent.‎ 不定式中的省略 动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been时，要保留这些词。‎ He didn't give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance)．‎ 注意：使役动词及感官动词后作宾补的不定式一定要省to，但在被动中必须还原。‎ I noticed a man enter the classroom when I passed by.‎ ‎→A man was noticed to enter the classroom when I passed by.‎ 虚拟条件句中的省略 ‎1．在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，可省略if，并且将were, had, should置于句首。‎ If I had a lot of money, I'd aid the poor children.‎ ‎→Had I a lot of money, I'd aid the poor children.‎ ‎2．在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should＋动词原形”，表示虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。‎ The order that we (should) stay where we are is very serious and severe.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·湖南高考]Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.‎ 答案：left　考查状语从句的省略。主语Video games与leave之间为被动关系，故填过去分词。‎ ‎2．Although ________ (bear) in the city he knows a lot about farming.‎ 答案：born　考查状语从句的省略，其完全形式为Although he was born in...。‎ ‎3．Just now the patient opened her mouth as if ________ (say) something to her husband.‎ 答案：to say　考查as if后的省略，as if to say“好像要说……”。‎ ‎4．—Will you leave for Australia for vocation on May Day?‎ ‎—No, we finally decided not ________.‎ 答案：to　考查不定式的省略。‎ ‎5．—Has he finished reading the book?‎ ‎—He hopes to ________， but in fact he reads too slowly.‎ 答案：have　考查不定式的省略，不定式中含有have, be等要保留。‎