人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit6SectionA教材全解

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人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit6SectionA教材全解

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit6SectionA教材全解 Unit 6 I’m watching TV.‎ Unit 6 Section A教材全解 ‎1.watching TV看电视 ‎【重点注释】watch TV看电视。watch a game观看一场比赛。watch a soccer game观看一场足球比赛。‎ ‎[注意]watching TV的watching是现在进行时的v.ing形式,如果写词组“看电视”可以直接表达为watch TV,而不需要说watchingTV;如果在现在进行时的句子中,要表达“正在看电视”,也不是watchingTV,而应该是be(am/is are) watching TV。(以下出现的动词词组类同,不再赘述)‎ ‎2.cleaning打扫卫生 ‎【重点注释】clean此处用作不及物动词,意为“打扫,清理”。例如:I spent all day cooking and cleaning.我一整天都忙着做饭和打扫卫生。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】①clean作及物动词,意为“清扫”。例如:He is cleaning his room.他正在清扫他的房间。②clean作形容词,意为“干净的”,在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。例如:The classroom is very clean today.今天教室很干净。We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持我们的教室干净。③cleaning作名词,意为“打扫,清理”,常构成短语do some/the cleaning,意为“打扫卫生”。例如:Tom helps his grandfather do some/the cleaning every Sunday.汤姆每星期日都帮爷爷打扫卫生。④cleaner作名词,意为“清洁工;保洁员”。例如:His uncle is a cleaner.他叔叔一个清洁工。‎ ‎3.reading a newspaper读报纸(看报纸)‎ ‎【重点注释】newspaper为可数名词,有单复数形式,它是有news“新闻,消息”(不可数名词)+paper“纸,纸张”(不可数名词)构成的复合词。read a newspaper/read newspapers看报纸(注意“看报纸”的“看”,用“read”)。例如:He is reading a newspaper.他正在看报纸。I like reading newspapers every day.我喜欢每天看报纸。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】①news(new“新的”,news不是new的复数形式)为不可数名词,意为“新闻,消息”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。a piece of news一条消息,一条新闻;two pieces of news两条新闻(消息);this/that piece of news这条/那条消息(新闻).例如: The news (This piece of news)is very important.这条消息很重要。‎ ‎②paper:(1)可数名词,“报纸”,相当于newspaper;还有“试卷,卷子”之意。例如:Please hand in your papers.请交上你的试卷。(2)不可数名词,意为“纸,纸张”, a piece of paper一张纸;two pieces of paper两张纸;this/that piece of news这张/那张纸。例如:Can you give me a piece of paper?你能给我一张纸吗?‎ ‎4.talking on the phone通过电话交谈 ‎【重点注释】①on the phone=over the phone=by phone意为“通过电话”,其中on为介词,意为“通过;以……的方式”。例如:Jenny is listen to the news on the radio.珍妮正在通过收音机听新闻(珍妮正在听收音机新闻)。We often watch the football games on TV.我们常常通过电视看足球赛。‎ - 7 -‎ ‎②phone此处用作名词,相当于telephone,意为“电话”。与phone有关的短语:talk on the phone在电话中交谈;make a phone打电话;answer the phone接电话;phone number电话号码;phone book电话簿。What’s your phone number?你的电话号码是多少?‎ ‎【拓展记忆】phone还可用作动词,意为“打电话”。phone sb.“给某人打电话”。例如:I phone my mother once a week.我一周给妈妈打一次电话。‎ ‎5.listening to a CD听唱片 ‎【重点注释】listen to a CD意为“听唱片”。CD即,“Compact Disc”。从前我们听黑胶唱片,英文叫Record 或Vinyl,现在则流行听CD(Compact Disc),即“激光唱片,镭射唱碟”,MD (Mini Disc) 即“迷你唱碟”。CD是可数名词,复数是CDs, 或compact discs,CDs这里的s一定小写,C和D一定大写。‎ ‎6.using a computer使用电脑 ‎【重点注释】use此处用作及物动词,意为“使用,运用”,常用短语:use sth.to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”。例如:May I use your phone?我可以用一下你的电话吗?I use a knife to cut bread.我用刀切面包。I use a pen to write a letter(use是动词).=I write a letter with a pen(with是介词).我用钢笔来写一封信。‎ ‎【辨析记忆】use与with use 动词 在句中作谓语,表示用途 I use a pen to do my homework.‎ with 介词 在句中作状语,表示方式 I do my homework with a pen.‎ ‎【拓展记忆】useful形容词,意为“有用的”。例如:English is usefull for you.英语对你来说是有用的。That is a useful dictionary.那是一本有用的字典。(注意a)‎ ‎7.making soup做汤(煲汤)‎ ‎【重点注释】soup是不可数名词,意思是“汤”。例如:His mother gives him some soup.妈妈给他喝了一些汤。‎ ‎8.washing the dishes洗餐具 ‎【重点注释】wash the dishes相当于do the dishes。此处wash是及物动词,意思是“洗”。例如:I often help my mother wash the dishes.我经常帮助我母亲洗餐具。Please wash your face and hands.请洗一下你的脸和手。You have to wash these clothes.你该洗这些衣服了。She washes her face with cold water.她用凉水洗了把脸。‎ ‎9.exercing锻炼 ‎【重点注释】exercise意思是“锻炼”,此处是不及物动词。例如:Do you often exercise?你经常运动吗?He exercises twice a day.他每天锻炼两次。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】①exercise作名词,意思是“锻炼,运动”,为不可数名词。当表示“体操;习题;练习(教材)”时,为可数名词。例如:Walking is good exercise.散步是很好的运动。do morning exercises做早操。an exercise in grammar语法练习 ‎10.——What are you doing?你正在干什么?‎ ‎ ——I’m watching TV.我正在看电视。‎ ‎【重点注释】①What are you doing?你正在干什么?这是一个现在进行时的特殊疑问句,用来询问“某人正在做什么?”,其句式为“What+be+主语+v.ing(动词的现在分词)?”。现在进行时表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时的谓语动词由“be+v.ing(现在分词)”构成。例如:1)——Who is looking after your mother?谁在照顾你妈妈?——Wang Fang is looking after her.王芳在照顾她。2)What are you looking at?你在看什么?3)They are having a - 7 -‎ ‎ meeting.他们在开会。‎ ‎【试题链接】You .Don’t talk on the phone.‎ A.will drive B.are driving C.never driving D.have driven ‎(由“Don’t talk on the phone.”可推知前句为“你正在开车。“,故应用现在进行时,答案:B)‎ ‎②I’m watching TV.我正在看电视。1)本句是现在进行时的陈述句形式。现在进行时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。其肯定句的结构为“主语+be(am,is,are)+v.ing(现在分词)+其他”。其否定句的结构为“主语+be(am,is,are)+v.ing(现在分词)+其他”。例如:He is swimming in the pool.他正在游泳池里游泳。We are having an English class now.我们现在正在上英语课。Mother is not cooking in the kitchen.妈妈没在厨房里做饭。They are not watching TV.他们没在看电视。2)此句中watch用作动词,意为“看,观看”,常用于“看电视,看录像,看戏,看比赛”等。watch用作名词,意为“手表”。例如:I often watch matches on TV.我经常在电视上看比赛。I have a nice watch.我有一块好看的手表。‎ ‎11.Do you want to go to the movies?你想去看电影吗?‎ ‎【重点注释】①go to the movies意为“去看电影”。其中movie是名词,意为“电影”,与film同义。go to the movies=see a film=go to the cinema.去看电影。表示“去看电影”,英国英语用go to the cinema,而美国英语则用go to the movies。例如:He goes to the movies once a week.他每周看一次电影。‎ ‎②go不及物动词,意为“去,前往”,当其后接活动性名词时,表示“去做某事”。例如:go to the meeting去开会;go to the talk去听报告会;go to the party去参加聚会;go to the match去看比赛。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】go后常加动词的-ing形式,表示“去进行这一活动”,一般表示休闲或是娱乐性的活动。例如:go shopping去购物;go boating去划船;go swimming去游泳;go dancing去跳舞。‎ ‎12.That sounds good.那听起来很好(不错)。‎ ‎【重点注释】sound为系动词,后跟形容词作表语,意为“听起来……”,类似动词除be外,还有look看起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,fool摸起来……例如:Your idea sounds great.你的主意听起来不错。‎ ‎13.——Hello?This is Jenny.喂?我是珍妮。‎ ‎ ——Hi,Jenny.It’s Laura here.嗨,珍妮。我是劳拉。‎ ‎【重点注释】This is Jenny. /It’s Laura here.这是打电话的常用语,相当于“This is Jenny speaking.”或“It’s …here”。在英语习惯中,打电话时,一般用“this”表示“我”,用“that”表示“对方”,而不用“I”或“you”。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】“打电话”专用语小结:1)拨打对方电话时的常用语:May/Could I speak to…(,please)?请(找)……接电话,好吗?Hello,is that …(speaking)?喂,你是……吗?Hello,this is …(speaking).喂,我是……。Hello,is …in?喂,……在(家)吗?2)接电话时的常用语:Who’s that (speaking)?你是谁?Who’s speaking?谁在讲话?Hi,….It’s … here.嗨,……。我是……。Hold on ,please.请等一会儿。Hold on for a moment/minute,please.请稍等。Hello,this is …here,who’s that?喂,我是吉姆,你是谁?Sorry,he isn’t in right now.对不起,他此刻不在(家)。3)询问对方是否留口信和留口信常用语:Could I take a message for you?需要我给你带个口信吗?May I take a message?我能给你带个口信吗?Could you tell him to ring me when he is - 7 -‎ ‎ back?他回来时,你能告诉他给我回个电话吗?Would you tell him I rang?请告诉他,我打过电话,好吗?‎ ‎【试题链接】——Hello,this is Wendy.Can I speak to Jessica?‎ ‎——Yes, .‎ A.Jessica is me B.Jessica,please ‎ C.My name is Jessica D.This is Jessica speaking ‎(考查打电话用语。由“Yes”可知下句应向对方作自我介绍,其常用句式是:This is …(speaking)./This is +电话号码。结合选项知D项正确)‎ ‎【试题链接】——Hello!Can I speak to Lily?‎ ‎—— .‎ A.I’m Lily B.This is Lily speaking C.Yes,please.‎ ‎(在电话中介绍自己是哪位,要用This is …(speaking).答案:B)‎ ‎14.——What are you doing?你在干什么?‎ ‎——Not much.没做什么。‎ ‎【重点注释】not much是用作回答的交际套语,相当于nothing much,意为“不忙什么,没什么事,没什么”,表明自己有空。例如:1)——What are you doing this afternoon?你今天下午要做什么?——Not much.没什么事。2)——How are you these days?最近怎么样?(礼节性地询问,最近过的好不好)——There`s not much here.没什么。(礼节性地回答,最近过的还可以,没什么特别的事情发生)/——Not much.没什么。(在这里跟There`s not much here.的意思一样)‎ ‎15.I’m just washing my clothes.我只是在洗我的衣服。‎ ‎【重点注释】just此处作副词,意为“只是,恰好”。在句中除用于现在进行时外,还可用于一般现在时。例如:It’s just two o’clock.正好两点整。It’s just my size.这正是我的尺码。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】副词just用法:1)意思是“恰恰,正好”(不用于否定句中,相当于exactlyadv. [ɪg’zæktli]adv.精确地;确切地;完全地,全然;恰恰。I know exactly how she felt. 我完全清楚她的感受。)。例如:That’s just what he wanted.那正是他所要的。2)意思是“就是,就要(加强语气)”。例如:I live just round the corner.我就住在拐弯附近。3)相当于only,意为“仅仅,只是”。例如:He is just a child.他仅仅是个孩子。I just want to talk to you.我只是想和你谈谈。4)用于祈使句中,以引起对某事的注意,有时可以使语气婉转,意为“就请,尽管……好了”,此时just=please。例如:Just(=Please)come here a moment.请过来一下。Just a moment,please.请稍等一下。5)just相关短语:just now刚才;just then就在那时。‎ ‎16.Do you want to join me for dinner?你想跟我一起吃个饭吗?‎ ‎【重点注释】①join表示“加入某一组织或团体,并成为其中的一员”,意为“参军,入党,入团,参加俱乐部”等,join的宾语一般是人、团体、组织等。He joined the football club last month.上个月他参加了足球俱乐部。She joined the Party last year.她去年入了党。②join sb (us, them, you) = do sth together with sb意为“加入某人当中”, join的宾语一般是人、团体、组织等。例如:Would you like to join us next time?你下次会加入我们的行列吗?We are playing basketball .Come and join us.我们在打篮球。来和我们一起打吧。③join sb.for sth.意为“和某人一起做某事;参与或加入到某人的行列中一起做某事” (介系词for表示目的)。例如:Join us for lunch. 和我们一起吃午饭吧。Would you like to join us for a cup of tea?你愿意跟我们喝杯茶吗?I hope you’ll be able to join me for dinner. ‎ - 7 -‎ 我希望你能来和我们共进晚餐。④join in意为“参加”,join in的宾语一般是活动。例如:We all joined in the dancing.我们都在一起跳舞。⑤join sb in sth = do sth together with sb意为“加入某人当中参加某活动;把某人加入……之中” 。例如: I join them in the party.我加入他们的聚会。He joined them in the work.他同他们一起工作。His wife and children moved to join him in their new home.他妻子和孩子搬过去和他一起组成新家。⑥join sb in doing sth = do sth together with sb意为“和某人一起做……;加入正在……的人的行列;加入某人当中参加某活动;把某人加入……之中;加入某人做某事” ,in也可以省略。例如:Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard. 苏珊,和你姐姐一起去打扫院子。‎ ‎17.My parents aren’t at home.We can eat out.我父母不在家。我们可以在外面吃。‎ ‎【重点注释】①be at home=be in在家,反义词be out=be not at home=be not in,不在家,出去。例如:Hello!Is John in?(打电话用语)喂!约翰在家吗?②eat out出去吃;下馆子。例如:We decide to eat out tonight.我们决定今晚在外面吃饭。‎ How often did we eat out?我们多长时间出去吃一次饭?I often eat out with my parents.我经常和我的父母在外边吃饭。Would you like to eat out with me tonight?今晚愿意和我出去吃吗?I used to eat out in the evening when my parents were on nightshifts.以前,我父母上夜班时,我常在外面吃晚饭。‎ ‎18.I’d love to.我很乐意。‎ ‎【重点注释】本句是一个省略句,相当于I’d love to eat out.(注意不管省略回答,还是完整回答,to都不能省略,即不能说I’d love.),I’d love to也可以说成I’d like to.其中I’d是I would的缩写,I’d=I would。I’d love/like to.常用来回答“Would you like to+v.原形?+…”提出的问句。对于一般疑问句的回答,除了I’d love/like to.,肯定回答可以说“Yes,please.”,否定回答可以说”No,thanks.”。该句型的答语比较灵活,要根据说话人双方的不同语境而定。例如:1)——Would you like to play football with me?你想和我一起去踢足球吗?——Yes,I’d love/like to.是的,我非常愿意。/——I’d love/like to,but I’m too busy.我非常愿意,但是我太忙了。2)——Would you like to have another cup of tea?你还要一杯茶吗?——No,thanks./Yes,please.不,谢谢。/是的,请来些吧。3)——Would you like to go out for a walk?你喜欢出去散步吗?——Yes,I’d like/love to.好吧,很高兴去。4)——Would you like to have a party with me this afternoon?今下午你能和我去参加一个聚会吗?——Sorry,I’m afraid not.对不起,我恐怕不能去。‎ ‎【试题链接】——Ben,would you like to play football with us?‎ ‎—— ,but I have to wash the dishes first.‎ A.No,I can’t B.I don’t want to C.Yes,please D.I’d love to ‎(通过下文“但是我得先洗餐具”可知回答应是肯定的,排除A、B两项。又因上句would like后接不定式,所以用I’d love/like to.答案:D)‎ ‎19.——What’s she doing?她在做什么?‎ ‎ ——She’s washing her clothes.她在洗衣服。‎ ‎【重点注释】这是现在进行时态的句子。现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,其结构为“助动词be(am,is,are)+v.ing形式(现在分词)”。其否定式是在be动词之后加not;一般疑问句要将be动词提到句首。现在进行时常和now连用。现在进行时的时态标志:1)What are you doing now?2)Lool!She is playing the guitar.3)Listen!They are singing an English song.4)Don’t make a noise.The baby is ‎ - 7 -‎ sleeping.5)What are they doing?They are listening to a CD.(根据上下句判断时态)6)What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么?7)They arelearning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。8)表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick,skip等)的进行时,表示动作的重复。如:The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。9)某些表示希望或想法的动词(如hope, wonder, want等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。如: ‎ I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否帮我们一下。 ‎ I’m hoping that you will succeed.希望你能成功。10)It's best to go right now.Kent is waiting there for a long time.11) I am doing nothing right now.They are playing the piano right now.( right now的基本意思就是“快点、马上、现在就应该……”,强调的是某种动作,所以它表示的应该是正在进行时。)11) The son was having a good meal at home,while the parents were working in the fields.儿子在家吃好饭,而父母却在田里辛勤劳作。12) Are you working at the moment? (at the moment 意为“此刻;现在;一时”,相当于时间副词now或短语right now, 常用来说明目前的状态及正在发生的动作。)‎ ‎20.drink tea喝茶 ‎【重点注释】dreak tea意为“喝茶”,其中drink为及物动词,意为“喝”。例如:Would you like to dring a cup of milk?你想要喝一杯牛奶吗?A horse is drinking water in the river.马在河中喝水。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1)drink还可以作名词,意为“饮料”,一般情况下,若视为物质名词,为不可数名词;当指饮料的种类或表示“一份饮料,一杯饮料”等份数时,为可数名词。例如:Isn’t there any drink in the house?家里难道没有饮料了吗?They sell soft drinks.他们出售各种不含酒精的饮料。There are all kinds of drinks in the shop.商店里有各种各样的饮料。Please bring me two drinks.请给我来两杯饮料。Would you like a drink?请问你想喝点饮料吗?2) “喝”法不同:drink tea/milk/wine/beer/coffee喝茶/牛奶/葡萄酒/啤酒/咖啡。eat soup喝汤。take medicine喝药。‎ ‎②tea不可数名词,意为“茶”,可构成词组:green tea绿茶;black tea红茶。例如:Do you want a cup of tea?你想要喝杯茶吗?‎ ‎21.——Do you want to go tomorrow then?那么明天你想去吗?‎ ‎ ——Sure,what time?当然,什么时间?‎ ‎ ——Let’s go at seven o’clock.让我们七点钟去吧。‎ ‎【重点注释】①tomorrow副词,意为“在明天”,表示时间;tomorrow还可作不可数名词,意为“明天”。tomorrow,today, yesterday以及tomorrow (yesteday)morning/afternoon/evening/night明天(昨天)上午/下午/晚上/夜里等都可作副词,前面不用介词;注意“今天上午/下午/晚上”等不说today morning/afternoon/evening,而是this morning/afternoon/evening 。例如:See you tomorrow.明天见。(副词)Tomorrow is Teachers’Day.明天是教师节。(名词)Today is Tuesday so tomorrow is Wednesday.今天是星期二,那么明天就是星期三。(名词)‎ ‎②sure表示“当然,的确”, 相当于Certainly,用于口语中来回答别人的提问和请求,可代替Yes作肯定回答。 例如:Do you like pandas? Sure! 你喜欢熊猫吗? 当然!sure也可以用作形容词,常用短语有:1)be sure of/about +名词/代词/v.ing,意为“确信,对…有把握”‎ - 7 -‎ ‎,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。e.g. I am sure of success.我确信能成功。As Jordan joined our team, we are sure of winning the game this time.2)be sure to do sth., 意为“一定,肯定”,后接不定式往往表示局外人的推测,评论,主语不一定是人。e.g. He is sure to come.他肯定会来。It's sure to rain tomorrow. 注意:be sure to用于祈使句时,意为“务必,切望”。比较:a. He is sure of living to ninety. 他自信可以活到九十岁。b. He is sure to live to ninety. 他肯定可以活到九十岁。3)be sure +that从句,意为“认为…一定会”,主语必须是人,连词that可以省略。e.g. I am sure that you can pass the exam.我相信你能通过考试。注意:be sure 后面还可以接由whether, where, when 或 who 等引导的名词性从句,这时,主句通常是否定形式。E.g. I am not sure whether I will be free or not tonight.我不能肯定今晚是否有空。‎ ‎③Let’s go at seven o’clock.让我们七点钟去吧。此句为提建议句型。肯定回答一般为:All right/OK/Sure/Certainly/Of course.等,否定回答为:Sorry,I …。E.g.——Let’s go swimming.我们去游泳吧。——OK,好的。‎ - 7 -‎
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