2020八年级英语上册 Unit 2 Keeping Healthy词句精讲精练 （新版）仁爱版

2020八年级英语上册 Unit 2 Keeping Healthy词句精讲精练 （新版）仁爱版

Unit 2 Keeping Healthy 词句精讲精练 ‎【词汇精讲】‎ ‎1. well ‎ ‎（1）well作形容词，意为“身体健康的，身体好的”。例如：‎ ‎ I hope you will be well soon. 我希望你很快好起来。‎ ‎ He is quite well. 他身体好。‎ ‎（2）well 作副词，意为“好，令人满意地”。例如：‎ Mary speaks English very well.‎ 玛丽英语说得很好。　‎ He sings well. ‎ 他唱得好。‎ ‎2. take care of ‎ ‎（1）take care of是动词短语，意为“照顾，照料，保管”, 后接名词或者代词做宾语。例如：‎ ‎ Please take care of the little boy. ‎ 请照顾一下这个小孩儿。‎ ‎（2）take care of常与词组look after 互换，但是表示“保管”常用take care 12‎ ‎ of。例如：‎ You must look after the cat. = You must take care of the cat.‎ ‎ 你必须照顾这只猫。‎ ‎ You have to learn to take care of your possessions. ‎ 你得学会保管好自己的财物。‎ ‎3. worry ‎ ‎（1）worry可用作不及物动词或及物动词。作及物动词时，意为“使烦恼，使担忧”。作不及物动词时，意为“发愁，担心，烦恼”，常与介词about连用。例如：‎ ‎ What’s worrying you? 什么事使你烦恼？‎ ‎ Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。‎ ‎（2）worry也可用作名词。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。例如：‎ ‎ Her face showed signs of worry. 她脸上显出担忧的神情。‎ ‎ I have a lot of worries. 我有很多担心。‎ ‎（3）worry的过去分词worried相当于形容词，意为“担心的，烦恼的”，常与be/look/feel等系动词连用。be worried about意为“为……担心”。例如：‎ ‎ She is worried about her sick mother. 她担心她生病的母亲。‎ ‎4. enough ‎ ‎（1）enough是形容词，意为“充足的，充分的，足够的”，可作表语或定语，作定语时，可放在名词的前面或后面。例如：‎ The food is enough for the trip. ‎ 用于这次旅行的食物足够了。‎ I have enough time to watch TV. ‎ 我有足够的时间看电视。‎ ‎（2）enough还可作副词，意为“足够的”，这时enough需放在所修饰的形容词或副词后面。例如：‎ The young man is strong enough to carry the heavy bag. ‎ 12‎ 那个年轻人足够强壮能搬动重包。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎ （1）There be enough…“有足够的……”。 例如：‎ ‎ There aren’t enough seats for all the people to sit down. ‎ 没有足够的座位能让所有的人坐下。‎ ‎ （2）enough…to do sth. “有足够的……做某事”。例如：‎ ‎ I don’t have enough time to eat lunch. ‎ 我没有足够的时间吃午饭。‎ ‎ （3）enough to do…可以同too…to…或so…that…结构互相转换。例如：‎ ‎ He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is too young to go to school. ‎ ‎= He is so young that he can’t go to school. ‎ 他太小而不能上学。‎ ‎5. feel like ‎ ‎（1）“感觉像……，摸起来像……”。例如：‎ ‎ I feel like a child. ‎ 我感觉自己像个小孩子。‎ ‎ （2）“想要……”。后接代词、名词或动名词。例如：‎ ‎ Do you feel like some fish for supper? ‎ 晚饭你想吃些鱼吗？‎ ‎ （3）It feels like…句型可用来表示天气、时间等，意为“好像要……，似乎是……”。例如：‎ It feels like tea time. ‎ 好像喝茶的时间到了。‎ ‎【拓展】 feel like; would like与want的辨析：‎ ‎ 三者都可表示“想要做某事”。其用法分别如下：‎ 12‎ ‎ （1）feel like 后接名词、代词或动名词，构成feel like doing sth. 例如：‎ I don’t feel like eating. ‎ 我不想吃东西。‎ ‎ （2）would like后接名词、代词或不定式。构成：would like to do sth. 例如：‎ What would you like to do now? ‎ 你现在想做什么？‎ ‎ （3）want后可接名词或不定式，构成want to do sth. 例如：‎ Do you want to join us? ‎ 你想加入到我们中吗？‎ ‎6. something new ‎（1）something是复合不定代词，意为“某物，某事”，常用在肯定句中，而在否定句或疑问句中，则多用anything。例如：‎ ‎ I would like to do something interesting. ‎ 我想做一些有趣的事情。‎ ‎ He can’t find anything to eat. ‎ 他找不到吃的东西。‎ ‎（2） something new中new作后置定语，修饰不定代词something。由some / any / no / every /与body / thing或where等构成复合不定代词或不定副词时，其修饰词常后置。例如：‎ I want to move somewhere else. ‎ 我想要搬到别的地方去。‎ He has something important to say. ‎ 他有重要的事要说。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ 常用的复合不定代词有：somebody; someone; something; anybody; anyone; anything; nobody; nothing; everyone; everybody; everything等。不定代词有两种用法：一是作主语时，相当于单数第三人称；一是被形容词修饰，形容词常作后置定语。例如：‎ 12‎ Everyone is here. ‎ 人人都在这里。‎ I’ll buy you something new. ‎ 我要给你买些新东西。‎ 口诀：‎ ‎ 不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。‎ ‎7. three times a day three times a day意为“每天三次”，是一个表示频率的副词短语，对其提问时用how often。例如：‎ You should take your medicine three times a day. ‎ 你应该每天吃三次药。 ---How often do you wash your clothes? 你多久洗一次衣服？‎ ‎---Once or twice a week. 每周一两次。‎ ‎【拓展】在英语中，表示“一次”用once，表示两次用twice，表示“三次或三次以上”时，用“基数词+ times”，此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”。例如：‎ once a week 每周一次 twice or three times a week 每周两三次 ‎8. advice ‎ advice是不可数名词，意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”，不能与不定冠词a 连用。例如：‎ ‎ a piece of advice一条建议 ‎ Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。‎ ‎ 【拓展】‎ ‎ （1）give advice (on) 给……提（有关……）的建议。例如：‎ ‎ Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well?‎ 你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？‎ ‎ （2）take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 例如：‎ ‎ I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day. ‎ 12‎ 我会听从你的建议，每天锻炼身体。‎ ‎（3）advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议”，常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。‎ 例如：‎ ‎ He advised me to read English every morning. ‎ 他建议我每天早晨读英语。‎ ‎9. message message是名词，意为“消息、信息、口信”。例如：‎ ‎ Li Lei called you with a message for Jim. ‎ 李雷打电话要你给吉姆捎个口信。‎ ‎【拓展1】‎ ‎ have a message for sb. 有某人的一个口信 ‎ give sb. a message 给某人一个口信 ‎ take a message for sb. 为某人捎个口信 ‎ leave a message for sb. 给某人留个口信 ‎【拓展2】message; news与information的辨析：‎ ‎ 三个词都可以表示“消息，信息”，区别如下：‎ ‎ （1）message是可数名词，多用于口头，书面或无线电、网络手机等各种渠道日常传递的消息或信息。例如：‎ ‎ I sent a message to him with my mobile phone yesterday. ‎ 昨天我用手机给他发了一条短信。‎ ‎ （2）news是不可数名词，指广播、电视报纸等报道的事件。例如：‎ ‎ There are some interesting pieces of news in the newspaper. ‎ 报纸上有一些有趣的新闻。‎ ‎ （3）information是不可数名词，指通过学习、观察、阅读、调查等方式得到的消息。例如：‎ 12‎ ‎ We can get more information from the Internet. ‎ 我们能够从因特网上得到更多的消息。‎ ‎10. ask sb. to do sth.‎ ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.“让某人不要做某事”。例如：‎ I often ask him to help me with my housework. ‎ 我经常让他帮助我做家务。‎ My mother asked me not to read in the sun.　‎ 妈妈让我不要在太阳下看书。‎ ‎【拓展】‎ ‎（1）ask sb. sth. “问某事某事”。例如：‎ ‎ Can I ask you some questions? ‎ 我能问你一些问题吗？‎ ‎（2）ask sb. about sth.意为“询问某人有关某事；向某人打听某事”。例如：‎ ‎ My father often calls me up and asks me about my study. ‎ 爸爸经常给我打电话，询问我的学习情况。‎ ‎（3）ask for sth.“请求某事，要某物”，相当于want sth. 例如：‎ ‎ Please ask for help if you have some problems. ‎ 如果你有问题，请寻求帮助。‎ ‎（4）ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物”。例如：‎ ‎ If you don’t find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help. ‎ ‎ 如果你找不到去学校的路，请向警察求助 ‎11. give up ‎ give up意为“放弃”，其后应跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。‎ English is difficult. But I’ll never give it up. ‎ 12‎ 英语很难，但我不会放弃的。 ‎ You should really give up smoking. ‎ 你真的需要戒烟了。‎ ‎【拓展】give的相关短语：‎ ‎（1）give away意为“赠送，分发”。例如：‎ ‎ The old man gave away all his books to the school. ‎ 这位老人把他所有的书都捐赠给那所学校。‎ ‎（2）give out意为“分发，用完”。例如：‎ There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets. ‎ 有人在入口处散发传单 ‎（3）give in意为“屈服，让步”。例如：‎ They say they won’t give in to the workers’ demands. ‎ 他们说他们不会向工人的要求让步。‎ ‎（4）give off意为“放出，释放”。例如：‎ The flowers give off a heady scent at night. ‎ 这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。‎ ‎12. instead ‎ ‎ instead作副词，意为“代替，而不是”，常用作状语。例如：‎ He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了，让我替他去吧。‎ She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习，而是整天打网球。‎ ‎【拓展】instead和instead of的辨析：‎ ‎（1）instead是副词，后面不接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，通常放在句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号隔开，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。例如：‎ He didn’t go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema. ‎ 他没有去学校，相反他去了电影院。‎ 12‎ ‎（2）instead of是介词短语，意为“代替，而不是”，后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing形式等作为介词宾语。例如：‎ ‎ He went to the cinema instead of going to school. ‎ 他去了电影院而不是学校。‎ ‎13. build sb. up ‎ ‎（1）build sb. up 是动词短语，意为“增强……的体质，使……更强壮”。例如：‎ Exercise can build you up. ‎ 锻炼身体可以增强你的体质。‎ ‎（2）build up 意为“增强、提高、建立”。例如：‎ We can build up the speed gradually and safely. ‎ 我们可以逐渐稳妥地提高速度。‎ The new classmates had begun to build up some trust in one another. ‎ 新同学们彼此之间开始建立了些许信任。‎ ‎【拓展】set up, put与build区别 ‎（1）set up意为“开办，建立”，强调机构及相应设施的建立，着重“开始”或“首次”的含 义，不强调施工建筑。‎ ‎ We set up a study group.我们创立了一个学习小组。‎ ‎（2）put up意为“搭建，搭起”，着重指建造或搭起一个具有一定高度的具体的物体。在口语中set up与build也有此意。‎ ‎ It’s going to rain. Let’s put up the tent. 天要下雨了，我们把帐篷搭起来吧。‎ ‎（3）build意为“建设，建立，建造”，是使用广泛的非延续性动词，侧重于施工建筑，常指建造房屋、桥梁、道路、高楼等大型建筑物。‎ ‎ The workers are building railways.工人们在修建铁路。‎ ‎14. keep healthy ‎ ‎（1）keep作动词，意思是“保持”，常见的结构为keep+形容词/动词-ing形式，意为“使某物保持某种状态”。 例如： ‎ 12‎ The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it. ‎ 那只猫一直在追赶老鼠，想要抓住它。‎ I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。‎ Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。‎ ‎（2）keep的后面还可以表示为keep sb. doing sth.，表示“让某人一直做某事”。例如： ‎ You keep me waiting for half an hour.‎ 你让我等了半个小时。‎ ‎ （3）healthy是形容词，意为“健康的”，“healthy food”意为“健康食品”。healthy的名词为health, 副词为healthily, 反义词为unhealthy。例如：‎ The old man looks healthy. ‎ 这个老人看起来很健康。‎ ‎ Healthy food is good for our health. ‎ 健康食品对我们的健康有益。‎ ‎【词汇精练】‎ I.‎‎ 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词 ‎1. You looks p_______ today. Are you sick?‎ ‎2. I caught a f_______ and had to lie in bed.‎ ‎3. We can learn a lot on the I_______.‎ ‎4. The box is too heavy. Can you help me l_______ it?‎ ‎5. His illness was more s_______ than the doctor first thought.‎ ‎6. Chocolate gives you e_______. But eating too much is bad for your teeth.‎ ‎7. He wrote an a_______ about Wang Xiaoya.‎ ‎8. Something was wrong with his s_______. He felt sick after meals.‎ ‎9. Fruit is good for our health. We like to eat w_______ in summer.‎ 12‎ ‎10. Many d_______ are caused by smoking.‎ ‎11. H_______ up, or we’ll be late.‎ ‎12. Your father is examining a patient. I’ll give him the m_______ later.‎ II.根据句意及汉语提示填空。‎ ‎1. Smoking is bad for our lungs. It may cause _______ (癌症).‎ ‎2.I want to _______ (选择) a nice gift for her as a birthday present.‎ ‎3.The burglar (盗贼) got in_______ (从，通过) the window.‎ ‎4. Driving carelessly _______(引起) accidents.‎ ‎5. Look! She is _______ (扫) the room now.‎ III. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。‎ ‎1.—What do the two people in white clothes do?‎ ‎—Oh, they are _______ (dentist).‎ ‎2. Do you want a _______ (boil) egg for breakfast?‎ ‎3. Follow the dentist’s _______ (advise), and you’ll get well soon.‎ ‎4. Take care of your_______(tooth) or you’ll have a toothache.‎ ‎5. You have a fever, you’d better _______ (lie) down and have a rest.‎ ‎6. We’re doctors, so it’s our _______ (duty) to save patients.‎ ‎7. The road is _______ (crowd). Mr. Wang drives his car slowly.‎ ‎8. What causes the _______ (ill)?‎ ‎9. Did they enjoy _______ (they) in the party yesterday?‎ ‎10.—Where is your mother, Beibei?‎ ‎—She is busy _______ (answer) the telephone.‎ IV.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，其中有两项多余。‎ cause， health， clean， reason， make， easy， be 12‎ Frequent (频繁的) hand cleaning is the most important thing you can do because germs are one of the 1 for being ill. It’s especially (尤其) important 2 your hands often during this time of year when germs 3 flu, colds and diarrhea (腹泻) to spread (传播) 4 by touching other people, furniture and equipment. Remember, clean hands can keep you 5 ， so clean them often!‎ ‎1._______ 2._______ 3._______ 4._______ 5._______ ‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ I.‎‎ 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。‎ ‎1. pale 2.fever/flu 3. Internet 4. lift 5. serious 6. energy ‎ ‎7.article 8. stomach 9. watermelon 10.diseases 11. Hurry 12. message II.根据句意及汉语提示填空。‎ ‎1. cancer 2. choose 3. through 4. causes 5. sweeping/cleaning III. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. dentists 2.boiled 3. advice 4.teeth 5. lie ‎ ‎6. duty 7. crowded 8. illness 9. themselves 10. answering IV. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，其中有两项多余。‎ ‎1. reasons 2. to clean 3. cause 4. easily 5. healthy 12‎