2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题十四 主谓一致与数词

2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题十四 主谓一致与数词

‎ ‎ 主谓一致 ‎ 在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。‎ 一、使用复数谓语动词的情况 ‎1． 由and, both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ ‎ Both the teacher and the students are working hard. ‎ 但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时；另外，and连接的两个名词前有each，every等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ ‎ The knife and fork lies on the table. ‎ ‎2． “the＋形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ ‎ The wounded were sent to the hospital at once. ‎ ‎3． the people/cattle/police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：‎ ‎ After hearing the news, the people present were all crying. ‎ 二、使用单数谓语动词的情况 ‎1． 单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词，如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished. ‎ ‎2． 不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ Looking after the baby is my job. ‎ ‎3． 学科名词，以s结尾的单数名词，以s结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Physics is hard to study. ‎ ‎4． 单数名词＋ with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. ‎ 三、使用就近原则的情况 ‎ or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but连接两个主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：‎ ‎ Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball，otherwise they would take part in the basketball match. ‎ 四、集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况 ‎ 若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若侧重于个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：class, family，population, committee等。如：‎ ‎ The whole family are farmers. ‎ 五、几个具体情况 ‎1． none作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，也可用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ None of this money is yours. ‎ ‎ None of these suggestions are very helpful. ‎ ‎2．a number of＋复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式，the number of＋复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ A number of students study at home nowadays on weekends. ‎ ‎ The number of students in my class is 63. ‎ ‎3． one of＋复数名词，后面跟定语从句时，谓语动词用复数形式，即与复数名词一致；the (only) one of＋复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，即与the (only) one一致。如：‎ ‎ He is one of the students who are against the plan. ‎ ‎ The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom. ‎ ‎4．“some＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； some＋单数名词作主语时，some意为“某个”，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ Some student is on duty today. ‎ ‎ Some students in my class are very lazy. ‎ ‎5． trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但a ‎ pair of…的结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ ‎ This pair of glasses is expensive. ‎ ‎6．单复数同形的名词作主语。‎ ‎ 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数，常见的这类名词有works(工厂)，police(警察)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)，means(方法)，species(种类)，Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)；Swiss(瑞士人)；series(系列)等。如：‎ ‎ Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. ‎ ‎7． what /whoever /which引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要看what /whoever /which所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。如：‎ ‎ What he said is true. ‎ ‎ What we need are more volunteers. ‎ ‎8． “分数(百分数)＋of ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据名词确定。如：‎ ‎ Onethird of us are boys. ‎ ‎ Twofifths of water is clear. ‎ 9． ‎“more than one /many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。但“more than ＋ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。‎ 数词 ‎ 数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。复习时要注意下面问题：‎ ‎1． 基数词的意义：表示事物数量的多少，特别是hundred，thousand，million等，前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，它们只能用单数。‎ ‎2． 序数词一般由基数词＋th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一；又一”时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)。 ‎ ‎3． 另外要注意年代的表达“the＋年代s或the ＋年代's”和名词与数词的关系：“the＋序数词＋名词” 或 “名词＋基数词”等。‎ ‎4． 分数的形式：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当基数词大于“1”时，序数词要用复数形式。‎ ‎5． 小数的组成和读法：小数点读作point，小数点前面的数按基数词的方法读，小数点后面的数按数字读。‎ ‎1． 单句改错 ‎(1) One or perhaps more pages is missing. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 is改为are。由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。‎ ‎(2) Large quantities of food was carried to the city. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 was改为were。“large quantities of＋复数名词或不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，即与quantities一致。‎ ‎(3) All he said are wrong. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 are改为is。all 作主语时，若all为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式，若all为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎(4) The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词时，谓语动词与前面一个名词保持一致。‎ ‎2． 【误】 Several millions people in the world are sending information by email every day. ‎ ‎ 【正】 Several million people in the world are sending information by email every day. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 在million，hundred等前如果有具体数字或 several等词修饰时，要用单数形式。但在表示不确切数目时用复数，如：表示“数百万”，应为millions of。‎ ‎3． The company had about 20 computers but only onethird ________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. ‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．was D．were ‎ 【误】 学生可能以为onethird是分数，谓语动词应该用单数而误选A 或C; 另外学生也可能不确定句子的时态而误选B。‎ ‎ 【正】 答案为D。‎ ‎ 【解析】 本题中的onethird指代的是computers的三分之一，因此此处谓语动词要用复数形式，且该句话说的是过去的事情。‎ ‎1．[2009·山东卷] The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1990. ‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．has been D．have been ‎ 【解析】 C　主语是 the number，故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1990，所以用完成时态。‎ ‎2． —Did you go to the show last night?‎ ‎ —Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area ________ invited. ‎ ‎ A．were B．have been ‎ C．has been D．was ‎ 【解析】 D　由and连接的两个名词同时被every，each或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。再从问句的 last night可以看出，应为过去时。‎ ‎3． [2009·四川卷] The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America. ‎ ‎ A．are; were B．is; were ‎ C．are; was D．is; was ‎ 【解析】 D　第一空谓语要和the teacher一致；第二空that指代Reading Skills这本书， 谓语应用单数形式。‎ ‎4． Shortly after the accident，two ________ police were sent to the spot to keep order. ‎ ‎ A．dozens of B．dozens ‎ C．dozens' of D．dozen ‎ 【解析】 D　dozen, score，hundred, thousand，million等名词前面有数词或several等词修饰时，这些词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中加s，并与of连用：dozens of (许多的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of (数百万的)。‎ ‎5． He did it ________ it took me. ‎ ‎ A．one third a time ‎ ‎ B．one third time ‎ C．the one third time ‎ ‎ D．one third the time ‎ 【解析】 D　考查句子结构分析和倍数表达法。句意为：他做这件事只用了我(做这件事)三分之一的时间。这句话包含一个定语从句，修饰the time，只是关系词已省略。‎ ‎6． [2010·四川卷] Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read，of whose works，however，some ________ difficult to understand. ‎ ‎ A．are；are B．is；is ‎ C．are；is D．is；are ‎ 【解析】 A　考查主谓一致。第一空poets作主语，谓语用are，第二空some of his works作主语，表示复数的概念，依然用are。‎ ‎7． [2010·湖南卷] Listening to loud music at rock concerts________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. ‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．has D．have ‎ 【解析】 C　考查主谓一致和时态。根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项。根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。‎ ‎8． The secretary and headmaster of the school ________the meeting. ‎ ‎ A．were going to B．are going to ‎ C．are having D．is to attend ‎ 【解析】 D　只有and前的名词前有冠词，表示“书记兼校长”，指同一个人，选D。‎ ‎9． [2009·陕西卷] Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________visit Beijing this summer. ‎ ‎ A．is going to ‎ ‎ B．are going to ‎ C．was going to ‎ ‎ D．were going to ‎ 【解析】 A　考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语是Dr. Smith，表单数，谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer, 表计划性的将来，故时态用一般将来时，选A。‎ ‎10．Either you or one of your students ________to attend the match that is due Tuesday. ‎ ‎ A．are B．is C．have D．be ‎ 【解析】 B　考查主谓一致的用法。either…or…连接两个主语，按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。‎ ‎11．An average of 130,000 Chinese ________ abroad for studies every year over the past few years, boosting exchanges in the educational fields. ‎ ‎ A．was going ‎ ‎ B．have been going ‎ C．has been going ‎ ‎ D．are going ‎ 【解析】 B　考查主谓一致及时态。该句的主语是An average of 130,000 Chinese，故应将答案锁定在B、D中。由于短语over the past few years知用现在完成进行时。‎ ‎12．What the science teacher does and says ________ of great importance to college students. ‎ ‎ A．was B．are C．is D．were ‎ 【解析】 C　考查主谓一致。句意为：这个科学老师所做的和所说的对大学生很重要。and连接的主语表示同一件事的两个方面，表示单数含义，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎13．Since he became a taxi driver, his income is________ as before. ‎ ‎ A．three times as many ‎ ‎ B．more than three times ‎ C．three times as much ‎ ‎ D．as three times ‎ 【解析】 C　考查倍数的表达方法。正确形式应为：倍数＋as＋形容词、副词的原级＋as; 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…故答案为C。‎ ‎14．[2010·陕西卷] It is reported that many a new house ________at present in the disaster area. ‎ ‎ A．are being built ‎ ‎ B．were being built ‎ C．was being built ‎ ‎ D．is being built ‎ 【解析】 D　本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。many a加名词单数，谓语动词要用单数形式，排除A、B，at present表明了“现在”排除C。‎ ‎15．—What is the model plane like?‎ ‎ —Well, the wings of the plane are ________ of its body. ‎ ‎ A．more than the length twice ‎ B．more than twice the length ‎ C．more than the twice length ‎ D．more twice than the length ‎ 【解析】 B　考查倍数句型。根据倍数句型的构成“A＋is＋倍数词＋the＋length等＋of＋B”选择B项。答语意为“机翼的长度是机身长度的两倍多”。more than twice意为“两倍多”。‎ ‎1．（石家庄二中2011届高三一模）Some modern teaching equipment as well as ‎ hundreds of computers _______ to ten Hope Schools in South China．‎ ‎ A．were sent B．was sent C．have sent D．had been sent ‎【答案】B ‎2.（2011·河北正定中学第一次月考）6．It is you, rather than he, that　　　for the accident．‎ ‎ A．is to blame　　　　 B．are to blame ‎ ‎ C．is blame　　　　 D．are blame ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎3.（2011·广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考）31．Between the two mountains the factory where my father used to work.‎ ‎ A．stand B．stands C．to stand D．standing ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎4.（2011·浙江温州八校返校联考）34．Chen Fang , as well as his two colleagues, ________ for a trip to Tibet in a month．‎ ‎ A．goes B．go C．is going D．are going ‎【答案】C考查主谓一致及时态。此处Chen Fang是主语，故用单数谓语动词；根据in a month可知用将来时。‎ ‎5.（2011·四川绵阳中学第一次月考）29. Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books 　　　　 to Zhouqu since the mud-rock flow occurred.‎ A. has been offered B. have been offered C. are offered D. is being offered ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎6.（2011·四川成都市摸底）32．Atlanta, as well as many other big cities, once again becoming one of the commercial and cultural centers of the USA right now.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．has been D．have been ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎7.（2011·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考）26．More than one student in our class _________ to Shanghai Expo.‎ ‎ A．has been B．have been C．is D．are ‎【答案】A ‎8.（2011·江西南昌一中第一次月考）31．More than _______ of the classmates in my class ____ fond of pop music．‎ ‎ A．two-third, is B．two-thirds, is ‎ ‎ C．second-third, are D．two-thirds, are ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎9.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）41．The teacher together with the students discussing Writing skills that newly published in America.‎ ‎ A．are; were B．are; was C．is; was D．is; were ‎【答案】C ‎ 10.（2011·福建福州三中第一次月考）36．One third of the deer by the wolves last night.‎ ‎ A．was eaten B．is eaten C．were eaten D．are eaten ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎11. （浙江省慈溪中学2010届高三第二次月考）‎ The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _______ its soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. ‎ A. has B. do C. is D. are 答案 D 考查主谓一致。此处soil and water是主语，故用are。‎ ‎12. （广西桂林十八中2010届高三第五次月考）‎ According to recent exploration to Mars, it may hold ______ water as previously thought.‎ ‎ A. twice as much B. as much twice C. twice much as D. much as twice 答案 A 考查数词的用法。此句型倍数twice应置于as之前。‎ ‎13. （陕西省镇安中学2010届高三上学期第三次月考）‎ In fact, not only Mary and I but also Jane___ having one exam after another.‎ A. Is tired with B. are tired with ‎ C. is tired of D. are tired of ‎ 答案 C 考查主谓一致。此处考查就近一致，Jane是主语故用is。‎ ‎14. （河南省驻马店高中2010届高三摸底考试）‎ Either you or one of your students ___ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. have D. be 答案 B 考查主谓一致。此处考查就近一致，真正的主语是one of your students，故用is。‎ ‎15. （上海市六校2010届高三联考）‎ The lady was so keen on the fur coat that she would have bought it even if it cost __________‎ A. as twice much B. much as twice C. as much twice D. twice as much 答案 D 考查数词的用法。此处倍数应置于as之前。‎ ‎16. （四川省绵阳南山中学2010届高三1月月考）‎ At the bus stop ________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.‎ A．were B．was C．is D．sits 答案 A ‎17. （江西省九江一中2010届高三上学期第四次月考）‎ Butter and bread ____their daily food, but the bread and the butter ______ up now.‎ A. is; is eaten B. are; have been eaten C. are; are eaten D. is; have been eaten 答案 D ‎18．（陕西省户县三中2010届高三第二次月考）‎ ‎________of the money______ my parents.‎ A. Two fifth, belongs to B. Two five, belongs ‎ C. Second fifths, is belonged to D. Two fifths, belongs to ‎ 答案 D ‎19. （甘肃省皋兰一中2010届高三上学期第三次月考）‎ Even though you offered _______ you have just offered, 1 would not sell it to you. ‎ ‎ A. the money twice that B. twice the money that ‎ C. twice the money what D. the money that twice 答案 B ‎20. （辽宁省抚顺一中2010届高三12月月考）‎ An average of 200 letters a week ____ received by the newspaper’s offer. Such _____ the case with us at present.‎ ‎ A. are; is B. has been; has been C. have been; is D. is; are 答案 A