2018届二轮复习短文语法填空从考纲解读课件（27张）

2018届二轮复习短文语法填空从考纲解读课件（27张）

2018 届二轮复习 短文语法填空 从高考考纲解读 纯空格 纯空格题考查的是 冠词、代词、连接词 （包括并列句、从句） 以及介词 。 在解题时，除了要借助 语法知识 来进行判断，还要抓住 上下文意 来解题。 1. 当句子缺主语或宾语或同位语时，填代词。 人称代词 : 主格，宾格 反身代词 : myself, yourself, … 名词性物主代词 : mine, yours, … 不定代词 : something, anything, … both, either, neither, all, any, none it, that, one, those 指示代词 ： this, that, these, those it 的用法 熟记一些搭配，如 those who … , by oneself 等。 2. 名词前面需要 限定词 （ 冠词 ，形容词性物主代词，可以作定语的不定代词） 冠词 ： a, an , the 形容词性物主代词 ： my, your, … 作定语的 不定代词 ： any( 任何的 ), both, neither, all, none, another, other 等 比较 ： another, other, the other, others, the others 1. another + 单数名词， 泛指，“另一个” ； another + 数词 /few + 复数名词 another book; another few chairs 2. the other + 单数名词 ，特指，“两者中的另一个” the other side of the road 3. other + 复数名词 ，泛指，“其它的，别的” There are other ways of doing it. 4. the other + 复数名词 ，特指，表示在一个范围内的其它全部 Where have the other students gone? 5. others 只表示复数意义， 其后不能再接名词 ，泛指，用法大致相当于 “ other + 复数名词 ” Others may think that way. 6. the others ， 特指 ，“其余的”，用法大致相当于 “ the other + 复数名词 ” He is cleverer than the others in his class. 固定搭配： (1) one … another … 一个 … 另一个 (2) some … other + 复数名词 一些 … 另一些 (3) some … the other + 复数名词 = some … the others 一些 … 其它的 … 3. 如果句子不缺主语或表语，动词后不缺宾语，则在名词或代词前一定填 介词 。 主要看固定搭配和上下文语境 注意： like, as, with/without 4. 连接词 若两个或两个以上的 单词，短语，并列句 之间没有连词，则填连词 主从复合句 （定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句） 状语从句的几个固定句式 (1) no sooner … than … ; hardly … when … 一 … 就 … (2) be doing … when … ; be about to do … when … 正在做 / 正要做 … 突然 … (3) It has been … since 自从 … 以来有多长时间 It has been five months since our boss left Beijing. (4) It won’t be long before … 不久就能 … It will be long before … 要过很久才 … It won’t be long before they come back. (5) It was not until … that … (not … until 的 强调句 ) It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English. -- Not until the meeting was over did he begin to teach me English. (not until 放句首的倒装句 ) (6) Although/Though + 让步状语从句 = adj./adv./n. + as + 主 + 谓 Child as he is, he knows quite a lot of the history of China. 补充：地点状语从句 地点状语从句常用 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere 等连词引导。 Where there is a will, there is a way. Make marks where you have any questions. He would keep in touch with us wherever he was. 比较 ： where 引导的定语从句，名词性从句 We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.( 定语从句 ) I don’t know where he comes from. ( 名词性从句 ) 5. 强调结构 (1) 若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是表强调的 do ， does ， did (2) 填 it 或 that ，以构成 it is/was…that/who … 这个强调句型。 （较有可能考） 谓语动词 happen 是原形，而前后语境的谓语动词都是过去式，时态不一致 句意“我解释说，虽然我没有带现金，但我的确恰好有一张新毯子”，故填助动词 did ，对谓语动词进行强调。 1. (2010 茂名一模 )I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I _____ happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled. did 2.(2007 肇庆二模 ) Once when I returned from a Saturday baseball game ， ___ was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened. 由句子结构可知，填 it 构成强调句型。 it 有提示词 有提示词题的解题技巧 自 2010 年以来的高考题只考查了谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词形变化等四种情况。 归纳总结： 1. 当句子缺少谓语动词时，填 谓语动词 。 2. 当句子不缺谓语时，则做 非谓语 使用。 被动语态 ； 哪种时态 ； 主谓一致 和 虚拟语气 等。 1. When I got there, I _______ (tell) that he ________ (go) to Shanghai. 2. I __________ (drive) along the road when an accident happened ahead. 3. If we __________ (book) a table earlier, we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. 4. The university estimates that living expenses ______ (be) around $8450 a year, which _____ (be) a burden for some of them. was driving was told had gone had booked are is 归纳总结： 当主句完整，又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是 非谓语动词 。 主动 / 进行中 V-ing 被动 / 完成了 V-done 将来 / 目的 to do 1. Finally, he decided the animal was old, and the well needed _________________ (cover) up anyway; it just wasn’t worth it to save the donkey. 2. China’s first aircraft carrier, _________ (measure) as long as 304 metres , was handed over to the People’s Liberation Army Navy in 2012. 3. He died at the age of 37 as a result of a weak heart, brought on by years of poor working conditions on the farm ________ (date) back to his childhood. covering/ to be covered measuring dating 4. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _________ (tell) the film star had left. 5. ___________ (drive) all day, we were so tired. 6. _________ (compare) with people who have to get up early, I am so lucky. 7. In Mount Berry, Georgia, people find a group of students _______ (build) specially for mountain children. 8. The students who __________ (surprise) at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it. to be told Having driven Compared built were surprised 动词进行 词类转化 On December 10, the anniversary of the ______ (die) of Nobel… This gave him a _________(value) clue about the cause of the disease. death valuable ______________ , (expect). I should fail in the exam. Unexpectedly 归纳总结： adj. adv 比较级或最高级 。 注意： 要善于分析语境，理解句意，辨别省略 than… 的隐性比较级。 特别注意 ：形容词和副词的最高级 小心结构 ： one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 (2013 佛山一模 )The _______ (busy) time is around Spring Festival, because many people go back to their hometowns for family reunions or go traveling. 2. As our car climbed __________ (high), it became colder and the rain began to fall. busiest higher 归纳总结： 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要 词形变化 。 (1) 作主语或宾语用 ________ 形式。 (2) 作定语、表语或补足语用 ________ 形式。 (3) 修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用 ______ 形式。 注意：有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示 相反意义的前缀或后缀 ，使句意通顺 副词 名词 形容词 (2010 惠州三模 )Once a habit is formed ， it is difficult ， and sometimes ______ (possible), to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits. impossible