高考英语考点34 倒装句

高考英语考点34 倒装句

1 考点 34 倒装句 高考频度：★★★★★ 考向一 全部倒装 把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。主要有： 1.there be 句型： 可以用在这类句型中的动词除 be 外，还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand 等等作这类句型的谓语。 如： There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。 Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much. 很久很久以前，有一位国王，他非常喜欢马。 There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out. 起火的时候，碰巧房间里面没有人。 John opened the door. There _________ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 【答案】D 2.Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为 come, go）＋主语（必须是名词） 此句型中 here/there 用来唤起注意意思是＂喂，注意了＂。如： Here comes Mary. → I can see Mary coming.玛丽来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。→I can hear the bell ringing. Here comes the bus.汽车来了。 There he comes.他来了。 这种句型不能用现在进行时。 here 句中也可用系动词。如： Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for，or you are looking for.这就是我要的故事书。 2 （我找了好久） Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了，这就是火车站。 ＂Give me some paper.＂ ＂Here you are.＂＂给我点纸。＂ ＂给你。＂ 3.then 引起谓语为 come，follow 的句子。如： Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。 Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。 4.out，in，up, down，away 之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代 词，谓语为不及物动词 come， go，run ,rush，etc。句式为：副词＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如： Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。 In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。 5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句 式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如： In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie 【答案】A 【解析】考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选 A 项。 6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短 的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）。 Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon. 老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。 On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。 South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。 7.直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。 ＂They must be in the fields now,＂ thought Xiao Lin.＂他们准是下地了。＂小林想道。 ＂Help! Help!＂ cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：＂救命！救命！＂ 如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面。 ＂Take your seats，gentlemen,＂ Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道：＂先生们坐好。＂&网 3 考向二 部分倒装 只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。主要有： 1.＂only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句＂开头的句子。如： Only then did I realize the importance of English. 直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。 Only in this way can you make progress in your English. 只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。 注意： １）在 only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。 ２）only 修饰主语，不倒装。 Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered 【答案】B 特别提示： 副词 only 置于句首， 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时， 主句要进行部分倒装。 但若位于句首的不是 only+状语，而是 only+宾语等，通常则无需倒装。 ►Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.在被邀请了三次之后，他才出席会议。 ►Only in this way can you master English.只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。 ►Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有当他返回时，我们才能发现真相。 4 2.否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。 表示否定的副词 never，nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词 hardly，few，seldom，little，含有 no 和 not 的词组 by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only...but also，no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely... 即＂否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他＂。如： Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。 Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。 注意： 1)关联词的搭配。 2)前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。 （2016·江苏卷）Not until recently ________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged 【答案】C 2. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D.is the teacher satisfied 【答案】D 3.以 so 开头，用 ＂so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＂表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意 为＂也，同样，也如此＂。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用＂neither/nor＋助动词/情态 5 动词/系动词＋主语＂。 Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了，人也变了。 注意： 1)当 so 表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自 然语序。意为 ＂的确，正是＂。 —Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。 —So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是。 2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。 If you don’t go，neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go，I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。 注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词 时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。 She does well in English，but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy. 她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。 —Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup! —________， madam. It’s our soup of the day. A. Let me see B. So it is C. Don’t mention it D. Neither do I 【答案】B 【解析】答语意为：是这样的，女士。这就是我们今天的汤。根据答语可知，第二个人同意第一个人说的 话，因此用＂So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＂结构，意为＂的确如此＂。 4.由 as 引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。如： Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well. 虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。 Child as he is， he knows a lot. 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。 Much as I like it，I won’t buy it. 虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。 Try as she might， she failed. 虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。 6 注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略 ________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it sound B.As it might sound strange C.As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 【答案】D 5.在 so...that 从句中，如果 so＋adj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。 So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him. 他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。 ________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这对夫妇对于野生植物是那样的好奇；以致于他们决定去马达加斯加进一步研究。主语是 couple, 所以谓语用复数形式；该句子用部分倒装， so 修饰的形容词或副词提到句首。 6.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有 were，should ，were 可以把 if 省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒 装。 If it hadn’t been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. ＝Hadn’t it been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. 要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。 If there should be a flood，what would we do? ＝Should there be a flood，what would we do? 要是发了洪水，我们该怎么办呢？&网 ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught 7 【答案】D 7.频度副词及短语 often，always，now and then ，many a time ，every other day 等放在句首时有时也倒装。 Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。 Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。 8.某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序。 May you succeed.祝你成功！ Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！ 方法技巧点拨 1. 考 前 应 认 真 研 读 高 考 题 目 ， 了 解 命 题 人 的 意 图 ， 对 高 考 方 向 有 所 把 握 。 2.倒装句在句式上考生不是很习惯，故考生得从多方面入手，熟悉各种倒装句式，以不变应万变。 3.要注意倒装句中的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。 4.加强理解分析能力，切忌机械记忆，注意知识间的交叉，分清句子成分。 5.在平时的学习中尽最大努力运用所学知识，达到熟能生巧的目的。 题组一 能力过关 I.完成句子 1. ________(as, strange, may, sound, it), I was very pleased it was over. 2. Short ________(it, is，as), China’s first ＂space class＂ conveys so much knowledge and is certainly of great importance. 3. ________had she begun________ she heard someone running up the stairs. 4. ________(I, spend) more time on my studies instead of being addicted to computer games, I would be working in a chain company of Microsoft. 5. －Under no circumstances________(you, leave) the door to the Data Centre unlocked. －I promise I’ll be more careful in future. 6. Only when the last tree has died and the last river has been poisoned________(we ， realize) we cannot eat 8 money. 7. If a healthy environment is gone, ________ everything that our life depends on.（……也如此) II.项填空 1.—OK, here ___________. —Thank you for your lift. See you later. A. are we B. is it C. we are D. comes it 2.So ________ sometimes in trying to accomplish something big _______ we fail to notice the little things that give life its magic. A. we get caught up; as B. do we get caught up; that C. caught up get we; as D. caught up do we get; that 3.China opened its door to the outside world in 1978. ________ that had far-reaching effects. A. Did a new development come then B. Then came a new development C. Came then a new development D. Then did a new development come 4.________ book of this writer is East and West. A. Known to be the best B. Known as the best C. As the best known D. It was the best known 5.I failed in the final exam last term and only then the importance of study. A. I realized B. I realize C. had I realized D. did I realize 6.In the lecture hall . A. seats a professor B. a professor seats C. sits a professor D. a professor sits 7.Never once _________ with each other since they were married 40 years ago A. did the old couple quarrel B. have the couple quarreled C. quarreled the couple D. would the couple quarrel 8._________ what would happen the following day, they would have reconsidered their thoughts. A. Did they know B. Were they to know 9 C. Had they known D. should they know 9.I went to the classroom as usual. But there, next to my desk, ______ I had never seen before. A. a girl did sit B. a girl sat C. did a girl sit D. sat a girl 10.We won’t think of human clones and any reason to suggest that we are closer to producing them today than we were yesterday. A. neither there is B. neither there was C. nor is there D. nor was there III. 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的次。 删除：把多余的用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：(1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； (2).只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 l1 处起）不计分。 Dear Ms Wood, I’m Li Hua, one of your student in China. It’s almost a year before you left us. We all miss you and are very gratefully for what you did for us. The other day our school hold an English speech competition and I won first prize. What’s worse, it again reminded me all your kind help. Yesterday we went to water the trees planting on the hill behind the school. The tree you planted is growing good, and the whole class decided to name it Sue Wood in our honor. We are eager to know more about you. Hope to keep in the close touch with you. Yours, Li Hua 题组二 体验真题 1.(2015·天津) Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home. A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize 10 2.（2014 • 全国大纲卷）________ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. A. Not do only B . Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do 3.（2014·陕西）No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke in to thunderous applause. A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has 4.（2014 • 湖南）Only when you can find peace in your heart ________ good relationships with others. A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you kept D. did you keep 题组一 能力过关 I.完成句子 1.Strange as it may sound 【解析】考查倒装结构。句意：尽管这听起来有点怪，但是我很开心它结束了。as 引导让步状语从句时， 意为＂虽然，尽管＂，从句用部分倒装的形式，即＂形容词/副词/零冠词的名词/动词原形等＋as＋主语＂。 3.No sooner; than/Hardly; when 【解析】考查固定结构。hardly...when..., no sooner...than...意为＂一……就……＂。主句用过去完成时，从句 用一般过去时。另外，当把 hardly/no sooner 置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 4.Had I spent 【解析】考查虚拟语气和特殊句式。由句意可知，逗号前为条件虚拟语气句，从句表示与过去事实相反的 虚拟语气，故从句谓语动词用＂had＋过去分词＂，当从句中省略了引导词 if 时，从句用部分倒装，即将助 动词 had 提到从句的主语之前，句子还原为：If I had spent more time on my studies instead of being addicted to computer games... 5.should you leave 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：——你无论如何都不能不锁数据中心的门就走了。——我答应你下次我会注 意的。under no circumstance 相当于 in no case/in no way/on no account/by no means/never，意为＂决不＂，置 11 于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即：将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。若句中没有助动词或情态动词，则 需要添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语前。由语境可知，此处有责怪的意思，情态动词应用 should。 6.will we realize 【解析】考查倒装。当 only 强调状语且位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。如：Only by working hard can you make progress.＝You can make progress only by working hard.只有努力才能取得进步。 7.so is 【解析】考查倒装结构。句意：如果有益于健康的环境消失了，我们生活所依赖的一切也将消失。根据语 境可知，前面提到的事也适用于后面的事物，且为肯定含义，因此用＂so＋助动词＋主语＂结构。 II.项填空 1.C 【解析】考查倒装。上句：好的，我们到了。下句：谢谢你的礼物，再见。表示方位地点的 here 位于句子 开头，如果句子的主语是名词，则用全部倒装；如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。故选 C。 2.D 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：我们有时会试图去完成一些大的事情，以至于我们没有注意到那些给生命 带来魔力的小事情。本句运用了“so+形容词或副词+that 引导的结果状语从句”句型，当“so+形容词或副 词”位于句子开头时，其后用部分倒装，而 that 后面的句子不倒装。故答案选 D。 3.B 【解析】考查倒装。句意：中国在 1978 年向世界打开了大门。然后出现了一个新的发展，该发展产生了深 远的影响。then 位于句首，句子用全部倒装。即：主语和谓语完全交换位置。故 B 选项正确。&网 4.B 【解析】句意：East and West 是这位作家最著名的作品。正常语序为：East and West is known as the best book of the this writer。be known as 意为“作为……而出名”。known 置于句首，起强调作用。B 选项正确。 6.C 【解析】考查倒装句。在演讲大厅坐着一个教授。表示方位的介词短语在句首时句子用完全倒装，排除 B D 。seat sb.使·……坐，seat 是及物动词；sit 坐，不及物动词，故答案为 C。 12 7.B 【解析】考查倒装和时态。句意：这对夫妇自从 40 年前结婚以来，从来没有吵过架。否定词 Never 放在句 首，句子要部分倒装，根据从句 since they were married 40 years ago 可知，主句要用现在完成时，助动词 have 提到主语之前，句子部分倒装。故选 B。 8.C 【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果他们知道第二天会发生什么，他们就会重新考虑他们的想法。 此句是 if 从句和过去事实相反的情况，从句用 had+过去分词，主句用 would/could/should/ might +have+过去 分词。这种虚拟条件句可以把 had 提前，省去 if，故选 C。 9.D 【解析】考查全部倒装。句意：我像平常一样去了教室。但是，在我桌子旁边坐着一个我以前从没见过的 女孩。表示地点方位的状语位于句子开头，主语如果是名词，则句子用全部倒装。故答案为 D。 III. 短文改错 【答案】 Dear Ms Wood, I’m Li Hua, one of your in China. It’s almost a year you left us. We all miss you and are very for what you did for us. The other day our school an English speech competition and I won first prize. What’s , it again reminded me all your kind help. Yesterday we went to water the trees on the hill behind the school. The tree you planted is growing , and the whole class decided to name it Sue Wood in honor. We are eager to know more about you. Hope to keep in the close touch with you. Yours, 13 Li Hua 【解析】 第一处：student→students。"我"是李华，你在中国的一个学生。one of +名词复数是固定用法，表示"……之 一"。 第二处：before→since。此处考查固定句型 It is/has been+ 一段时间+since...，意思是"自从……以来已经多 长时间了"。故应把 before 改为 since。 第三处：gratefully→grateful。我们都很想念你，而且非常感激你为我们所做的一切。be grateful for..."感 激……"是固定搭配。 第四处：hold→held。根据时间状语 The other day "前几天"可知，此处陈述发生在过去的事情，故应用一般 过去时。 第五处：worse→more。此处前后句之间是递进关系，故此处应用 What’s more"而且"。what’s worse"更糟糕 的是"，显然与此处的语境不符。 第六处：reminded me 后加 of/about。remind sb. of/about sth."使某人想起某事物"。 第七处：planting→planted。trees 与动词 plant 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词 planted 作后 置定语。 题组二 体验真题 1.D 【解析】句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查 only 位于句 首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选 D。 2.D 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅要求涨工资而且要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的 but also 被 省略，not only 引导的句子置于句首时，需部分倒装。故选 D。 3.A 【解析】no sooner...than...结构中的 no sooner 置于句首时，其后的从句用部分倒装。 4.A 【解析】考查倒装结构用法。Only 修饰的状语（从句）位于句首时，句子的主句要用部分倒装。即 Only+ 状语/状语从句+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。根据从句的 can 可以排除 D 项。句意：只有当你在你心中 找到宁静的时候，你才会与其他人保持好的关系。故选 A。 14