2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题二自由填空-第六讲-并列句和状语从句

2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题二自由填空-第六讲-并列句和状语从句

第六讲　并列句和状语从句 ‎1．[2015·福建高考]________ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.‎ 答案：While　从句子结构分析，逗号前后有两个句子，须用并列连词或从属连词；再由句子逻辑意义分析，while此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。‎ ‎2．[2015·湖南高考]________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.‎ 答案：Although　由句式结构分析，although此处引导让步状语从句，“虽然，尽管”。‎ ‎3．[2015·陕西高考]I believe you will have a wonderful time here ________ you get to know everyone else.‎ 答案：once　once此处引导条件状语从句“一旦”。‎ ‎4．[2015·重庆高考]If you miss this chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.‎ 答案：before　before此处引导时间状语从句，且是固定句式．..it will/may be＋时间段＋before状语从句，表示“要过多久才……”。‎ ‎5．[2015·四川高考]There is only one more day to go ________ your favorite music group play live.‎ 答案：before　before此处引导时间状语从句，“在……之前……”。‎ ‎6．[2015·江苏高考]It is so cold that you can't go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes.‎ 答案：unless　unless引导条件状语从句，且“unless fully covered in thick clothes”是状语从句的省略结构，“除非”。‎ ‎7．[2014·重庆高考]Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.‎ 答案：where'通过分析可知本句缺少引导地点状语从句的连词，所以填where。‎ ‎8．[2014·江西高考]It was the middle of the night ______ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.‎ 答案：when'根据语境可知，设空处引导一个时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，故填when。‎ ‎9．[2014·北京高考]Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places.‎ 答案：so'设空处前后两个分句之间为因果关系，故填并列连词so。‎ ‎10．[2014·陕西高考]No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage ________ the audience broke into thunderous applause.‎ 答案：than　分析句子结构(主句的谓语动词用过去完成时且主谓为部分倒装)可知，此处是no sooner...than...(一……就……)的固定句式，故填than。　‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. __31__ water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder __32__ had been his teacher. After a fourday journey, the young man __33__ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled __34__ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home __35__ a happy heart.‎ After the student left, the teacher let __36__ student taste the water. He spat it out, __37__ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher，“Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like __38__？”‎ The teacher replied，“You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be __39__ (sweet)．”‎ We understand this lesson best __40__ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.‎ Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。‎ 本文讲述的是沙漠中穿行的年轻人给自己的老师带回了沙漠中的甘泉，老师很感动。不是因为礼物的大小而是那份心意。‎ Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。‎ ‎31．The。名词前设空考查冠词用法。‎ ‎32．who/that。名词后的定语从句引导词。‎ ‎33．presented。谓语动词的结构形式。‎ ‎34．warmly。用副词来修饰smile。‎ ‎35．with。with伴随状语结构。‎ ‎36．another。考查词义理解，结合上文可知答案。‎ ‎37．saying。考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。‎ ‎38．it。考查代词作like的宾语。‎ ‎39．sweeter。“nothing＋比较级”表达最高级的意义。‎ ‎40．when。考查状语从句引导词。‎ Step 3：代入验证。‎ 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。‎ 知识 清单 ‎(1)常见并列连词的用法；(2)常见不同状语从句及其引导词；(3)各不同状语从句的注意事项；(4)地点状语从句与定语从句(关系副词引导)的区别；(5)状语从句中的省略。‎ 学情 分析 考生在复合句学习过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)对主从句之间的逻辑关系判断不清，无从选择连词；(2)对某些从属连词语义掌握不准确，具体使用语言环境不明确；(3)同一状语从句中的连词混淆使用，不能区别对待。‎ 考点一　并列句 ‎1并列连词归纳 属性 连接词 典型例句 并列关系 and, not only...but also, neither...nor...‎ Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.他们的车在半路上出了故障，他们不得不在一个小旅社过夜。‎ 选择关系 or, either...or..., otherwise, or else Either you are mad, or I am.要么你疯了，要么我疯了！‎ 转折关系 but, yet, still, however, while, when Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.Mary是个好女孩，但她有一个缺点。‎ 因果关系 for, so Someone is coming, for the dog is barking.有人来了，因为狗叫了。‎ ‎2使用时特别注意其特性 ‎(1)and, not only...but (also)．.., neither... nor...等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申。‎ ‎①One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry.‎ 有一天我迟到了，我的老师生气了。‎ ‎②Think it over, and you'll find a way out.‎ 仔细考虑，你将发现一条出路。‎ ‎③Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it.‎ 不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣，他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。‎ ‎(2)or, either...or...连接并列句表示选择意义。‎ ‎①The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择)‎ 孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。‎ ‎②The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法)‎ 工人们非常高兴，或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。‎ ‎③Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件)‎ 小心点，否则你会折断脖子的。‎ ‎3注意事项 ‎(1)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型：‎ 该句型中的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示结果。and表示前后句意思的顺延，or表示前后句意思的转折。‎ ‎①Go straight on, and you'll see a church.‎ 一直向前走，你就会看到一座教堂。‎ ‎②Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.‎ 在关闭所有程序前不要关闭电脑，要不然会出问题的。‎ 具体运用中，该句型中的祈使句常省略为名词短语等。‎ ‎③One more minute, and we can finish the job much better。‎ 再给一分钟，我们会把工作做的更好。‎ ‎(2)but/while/however的区别：‎ but表示意义的转折；while既表示转折又表示对比；however为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。‎ ‎①Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.‎ 邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人，但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。‎ ‎②There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails.‎ 为什么一个人会做出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明但是失败了，这不得而知。‎ ‎(3)并列连词when和for的用法：‎ when可作并列连词，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。‎ ‎①Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.‎ 汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。‎ ‎②One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.‎ 一个礼拜五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。‎ ‎③He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.‎ 他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。‎ ‎[典例1]　[2015·江苏扬州一中质检]While talking to you, your couldbe employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you ________ your abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.‎ ‎[解析]　and　考查并列连词的用法。根据句意理解可知空前后两句之间为并列关系，故填and。句意：在与你交谈时，你的准老板就在判断你的教育程度，你的经历和其他资质是否值得他雇佣你。而你的能力必须以有序而合理的相关方式呈献出来。‎ ‎[典例2]　[2015·北京西城区期末]I hate to admit it, ________ I think I was wrong.‎ ‎[解析]　but　考查并列句。空前空后两句之间为转折关系，故应填but。句意：我讨厌承认这事，但我认为我是错的。‎ ‎[典例3]　[2015·北京东城区一模]I think we'd better keep to the subject, ________ we'll waste our time.‎ ‎[解析]　or　考查并列句，两句之间必须填连词，结合语意可知答案是or。句意：我认为我们最好谈正事，否则我们将浪费我们的时间。‎ 考点二　时间状语从句 ‎1when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 ‎(1)when 表示“当……时，在……期间”。‎ When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.‎ 我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。‎ ‎(2)while 表示“在……期间”从句中常用延续性动词。‎ Please don't talk so loud while others are working.‎ 在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。‎ ‎(3)as表示“一边……一边……，随着……”。‎ As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.‎ 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。‎ ‎2as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)‎ 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。‎ ‎①The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.‎ 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。‎ ‎②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.‎ 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。‎ 注意：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely所在的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。‎ He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.‎ ‎＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.‎ 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。‎ ‎3before与since引导的时间状语从句 ‎(1)before与since的常用句式。‎ ‎①It will be two years before he leaves the country.‎ 再过两年他才会离开这个国家。‎ ‎②It wasn't two years before he left the country.‎ 不到两年他就离开了这个国家。‎ ‎(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。‎ ‎①It's two years since we arrived here.‎ 我们到这儿两年了。‎ ‎②It's three years since we lived here.‎ 我们不住在这里有三年了。‎ ‎4every time, each time, next time, the last time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……，上次……”等 ‎①Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.‎ 每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。‎ ‎②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.‎ 下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。‎ ‎③The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.‎ 上次她看见James的时候，他正躺在床上。‎ ‎5“It＋be＋时间＋从句”句型 ‎“It＋be＋时间＋从句”句型是高考考查的热点，其中连接词的选择是个难点。突破这个难点的关键是要把握好句意，根据句意的需要选择合适的连接词：‎ ‎(1)表示“再过多长时间某事才会发生”，用“It will be＋时间段＋before从句”。如：‎ It will be three weeks before we have the next exam.‎ 再过三周我们就要进行下一次考试了。‎ ‎(2)表示“自……以来有多长时间了”，用“It be＋时间段＋since从句”，如果主句用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；如果主句用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。如：‎ ‎①It is three years since he joined the army.‎ 自从他参军已经三年了。‎ ‎②He said it was three years since he had joined the army.‎ 他说他退伍已三年了。‎ ‎(3)It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他，构成强调句型，意思是“就是在某一时间发生了某事”。如：‎ It was at six o'clock that we got home.‎ 就是在六点我们到了家。‎ ‎(4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。如：‎ It was six o'clock when we got home.‎ 当我们到家的时候六点了。‎ ‎[典例4]　[2015·重庆一中一诊]—Did Vicky come back early last night?‎ ‎—Yes. It was not yet nine o'clock ________ she arrived home.‎ ‎[解析]　when　考查状语从句用法。根据句意填when，其中it指时间。句意：——Vicky昨天晚上回来的早吗？——是的，当她到家时，还不到九点钟呢？‎ ‎[典例5]　It'll be another 50 years ________ China is expected to reach the level of a medium developed country.‎ ‎[解析]　before　考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知填before, 表示“一段时间之后……”。句意：再过50年，中国有望达到中等发达国家水平。‎ ‎[典例6]　[2015·福建泉州质检]To my great disappointment, my best friend left the city ________ I couldn't have a word with her.‎ ‎[解析]　before　考查状语从句用法。根据语意可知填before。句意：令我非常失望的是，我还没来得及和我最好的朋友说句话，她就离开了这个城市。‎ 考点三　条件状语从句 ‎1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if...not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。‎ ‎①If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.‎ 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。‎ ‎②You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)．‎ 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。‎ ‎2．in case, on condition that, providing(that), provided (that)，supposing(that), suppose(that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。‎ ‎①In case there is a fire, what will we do first?‎ 万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？‎ ‎②Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?‎ 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？‎ ‎③They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.‎ 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。‎ ‎3.as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。‎ As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.‎ 你只要不灰心，就会成功。‎ ‎4.在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。如：‎ ‎①Run faster and you'll catch the bus.‎ 跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。‎ ‎②Work hard, otherwise you'll fail.‎ 努力干，要不你就会失败的。‎ ‎5．if only“如果……就好了”和only if“只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装。‎ ‎①If only I had a dog, I wouldn't be so lonely.‎ 我要是养一条狗，就不会这么孤单了。‎ ‎②Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom.‎ 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。‎ ‎[典例7]　[2015·江苏南京、盐城二模]He hasn't got any hobbies—________ you call watching TV a hobby.‎ ‎[解析]　unless　考查状语从句的用法。根据语意可知，此处表示条件，填unless。句意：他没什么爱好，除非你把看电视称为爱好。‎ ‎[典例8]　[2015·重庆南开中学一诊]—Are you free now? I have something interesting to tell you.‎ ‎—OK, ________ you make it short. You know, I'm busy.‎ ‎[解析]　as/so long as　考查状语从句的用法。根据语意可知填“as/so long as”。句意：——你现在有时间吗？我有一些有趣的事告诉你。——好吧，只要你简短些。你知道我很忙。‎ 考点四　让步状语从句 ‎1．although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)引导的让步状语从句 although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。如：‎ ‎①He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.‎ 虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。‎ ‎②Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.‎ 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。‎ ‎③Even though/if it is raining, we'll go there.(陈述语气)‎ 即使下雨，我们也要去那里。‎ ‎④Even if I were busy, I would go.(虚拟语气)‎ 即使忙，我也得去。‎ 注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。如：‎ He said he would come； he didn't， though.‎ 他说他会来，可是没有来。‎ ‎2．as或though引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况 as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。如：‎ ‎①Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.‎ 尽管他是孩子，但他能说出所有车的名字。‎ ‎②Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.‎ 虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。‎ ‎3．whether...or...(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋ever与no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。‎ ‎①Whether you believe it or not, it is true.‎ 不管你相信与否，那都是真的。‎ ‎②Whatever(＝No matter what) you say, he won't believe you.(让步状语从句)‎ 无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。‎ ‎③Whoever you are (＝No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.(让步状语从句)‎ 无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。‎ 注意：whoever， whatever， whomever， whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如：‎ You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句) 你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。‎ ‎4．while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句，相当于although。‎ While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.‎ 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。‎ ‎[典例9]　[2015·天津十二区县联考]________ more and more people may turn to the Internet for the latest news, it is unlikely that the newspaper will disappear.‎ ‎[解析]　While/Although/Though　考查状语从句。根据句意可知填“尽管”‎ 的意思的连接词。句意：尽管越来越多的人去网上了解最新的新闻，但是报纸也不可能消失。‎ ‎[典例10]　[2015·浙江六校联考]—Look at those clouds!‎ ‎—Don't worry. Even ________ it rains, we'll still have a great time.‎ ‎[解析]　if/though　考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知，该句表示让步。句意：——看那些云！——不用担心，即使下雨，我们也会玩得很开心。‎ ‎[典例11]　[2015·四川成都二诊]________ working hard does not necessarily guarantee one's success, it is almost impossible to succeed without it.‎ ‎[解析]　While/Although/Though　考查状语从句。根据语义理解可知，此处表示让步。句意：尽管勤奋刻苦不一定确保成功，但缺乏勤奋刻苦要想成功是不可能的。‎ 考点五　地点状语从句及其他状语从句 ‎1．引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象意义时，从句要放在主句之前。‎ ‎①We should go where the Party needs us most.‎ 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。‎ ‎②You are free to go wherever you like.‎ 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。‎ ‎③Where there is a will, there is a way.‎ 有志者，事竟成。‎ ‎④Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.‎ 无火不生烟。(无风不起浪)‎ ‎2．注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。‎ 你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。‎ ‎①You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)‎ ‎②You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)‎ ‎3．其他状语从句 ‎(1)‎ 状语从句类型 从属连词 原因状语从句 because, since/now that, as, in that, seeing that, considering that 目的状语从句 so that, in order that, in case(以免，以防)，for fear that 结果状语从句 so that, so/such...that 方式状语从句 as, as if/though ‎(2)since, now that, considering that引导的原因状语从句经常放在句首。‎ ‎①Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.‎ 既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。‎ ‎②Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.‎ 鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你必须知道它。‎ ‎(3)目的状语从句的谓语动词一般含有情态动词can, could, may, might, should等。‎ ‎(4)as if/though引导方式状语从句时，有时也用虚拟语气。‎ He acted as if nothing had happened.‎ 他表现得好像什么也没发生。‎ ‎[典例12]　[2015·北京西城区期末]They have moved to a different house ________ their children can attend a better school.‎ ‎[解析]　so that　考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知此处表示目的。句意：他们已经搬到另外的地方了，目的是让他们的孩子可以上一个更好的学校。‎ ‎[典例13]　[2015·福建厦门质检]—We should help and learn from each other as a group.‎ ‎—I can't agree more. ________ you're strong, I am weak.‎ ‎[解析]　Where　考查状语从句用法。根据句意可知此处表示地点。句意：——作为一个团队，我们应互相帮助，相互学习。——我非常同意，每个人都有缺点和优点。‎ ‎[典例14]　[2015·江苏南京盐城一模]The scientist does not study nature ________ it is useful to do so. He studies it because he takes pleasure in it.‎ ‎[解析]　because　考查状语从句。根据句意可知，此处表原因，如不细心可能会误以为表时间。句意：科学家研究大自然不是因为这么做有用，而是因为这么做有一些乐趣在其中。‎ NO.1解题步骤 ‎1.根据空格在句中的功能和作用，判断考查的内容是否是连接词；‎ ‎2．由准确理解空前和空后两句的逻辑关系；‎ ‎3．根据句子意思及语境确定答案。‎ NO.2解题技巧 ‎1.空前和空后均为句子，但又无连词的情况下，需考虑填连接词。‎ ‎2．状语从句的连接词均是有自己独立的语义，因此空格处缺少的是一个具有独立语义的连接词将两个句子连接起来，使其逻辑合理，语意正确。‎ ‎3．熟悉特殊句型、短语的搭配用法。‎ ‎[典例15]　[2015·河北邯郸质检]Those seated at a dark table ate heavier food and ordered more of it, ________ diners sitting at hightop bar tables ordered more salads and fewer desserts.‎ ‎[解析]　while　根据句子结构可以判断此空考查连词用法。根据前后两句话的理解可知，两句话的内容表示“对比”，故应填while。句意：坐在乌黑桌子旁的人们吃着味重的食物而且点了很多，而坐在高端酒吧的人点的更多的是沙拉和较少的甜点。‎ ‎[典例16]　[2015·河北唐山一中期中]Oh, yes. I know all about it ________ I have work experience in this field.‎ ‎[解析]　because　根据两句之间需要连词的原则，可知空格填连词，结合前后两句的理解，可判断两句之间表示因果关系，故填because。句意：哦，是的。我对此很了解，因为我在这一领域有些工作经验。‎ 高考对状语从句的考查重点在于引导词的选择，要解答好此类题目：‎ ‎(1)应具备全面的状语从句知识，熟悉每个连接词的语义和语法特征，尤其像as, while,‎ ‎ since等可以引导不同的状语从句的连词，before引导状语从句时，可以表达不同的意思等，都要熟练掌握。‎ ‎(2)还要正确理解题干的意思，特别是前后分句间的逻辑关系，这是做出正确答案的关键。‎ ‎(3)在各不同状语从句中的常见固定句型，一定要牢记。‎