专题12 文学与艺术（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题12 文学与艺术（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题12 文学与艺术 真题训练 Passage 1（2017年·新课标卷II）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 ‎ 阅读理解 应用文 ‎ 莎士比亚的戏剧的翻译及上映 ‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. please come and join us.‎ National Theatre Of China Beijing|Chinese This great occasion(盛会) will be the national Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.‎ Date &Time: Saturday 28 April,2.30pm&Sunday 29 April,1.30pm&6.30pm Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi |Georgian ‎ One of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed（指导）by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.‎ Date & Time : Friday 18May,2.30pm&Saturday 19May,7.30pm Deafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language （BSL）‎ By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.‎ Date&Time: Tueaday 22 May,2.30pm&Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv| Hebrew The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide, Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.‎ Date &Time: Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm ‎21.which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?‎ A. Richard Ⅲ. B. Lover’s Labour’s Lost.‎ C.As You Like It. D. The merchant of Venice.‎ ‎22.What is special about Deafinnitely Theatre?‎ A. It has two groups of actors. B. It is the leading theatre in London.‎ C. It performs plays in BSL. D. It is good at producing comedies.‎ ‎23.When can you see a play in Hebrew?‎ A. On Saturday 28Apil. B. On Sunday 29 April.‎ C. On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些国家的大剧院上映的有关情况。‎ ‎21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据“This great occasion(盛会) will be the national Theatre of China’s ‎ first visit to the UK .以及This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying”，可知Richard III将要在中国国家大剧院上映。故选A。‎ ‎23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Date Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm”可知，可以在5月29日，星期二这一天，在希伯来观看戏剧。故选D。‎ Passage 2（2017年·浙江卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 ‎ ‎ 记叙文 美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候的艺术启蒙 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 ‎ Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.‎ The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.‎ The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.‎ In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy ‎ began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,＂Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.‎ ‎21. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.‎ B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.‎ C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.‎ D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.‎ ‎22. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?‎ A. The cat would be closely watched.‎ B. The cat would get some medical care.‎ C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.‎ D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.‎ ‎23. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?‎ A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.‎ B. He provided him with painting materials.‎ C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.‎ D. He taught him how to make engravings.‎ ‎24. Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________.‎ A. master the use of paints B. appreciate landscape paintings C. get to know other painters D. make up his mind to be a painter ‎【话题解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。‎ 本文主要介绍了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候的艺术启蒙。‎ ‎【段意梳理】‎ 第一段：6岁时本杰明就展现出艺术天赋,用猫毛制作画笔。‎ 第二段：用猫毛制作画笔的事被父亲发现。‎ 第三段：本杰明的天赋引起了堂兄Pennington的注意，并得到了帮助。‎ 第四段：9岁时本杰明被堂兄Pennington带到费城。‎ 第五段：在费城，本杰明开始叩响艺术殿堂的大门，并立志成为艺术家。‎ ‎【背景知识】‎ 本杰明·韦斯特,美国画家，生于宾夕法尼亚州斯普林菲尔德,6岁学画，被誉为神童，20岁时在费城画肖像。1760年被费城商人送往欧洲,到罗马时引起轰动，被贵族视为高贵的未开化的人。1771年《沃尔夫将军之死》震惊画坛，他得到了乔治三世的保护和友谊。1772年他被委任为国王历史画家,为王家学院的创建者之一，一生作有400多幅油画,主要以历史神话和宗教为题材，是第一位在欧洲获得承认的美国艺术家，对美国19世纪初美术发展产生重大影响。‎ ‎21.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段首句"Benjamin West... when he was only six years of age"以及第四段首句"In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old"和最后一段，并结合全文可知，全文主要讲述了本杰明·韦斯特少年时代的艺术启蒙，故选C项。‎ ‎23.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段首句"In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings"可知，为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋，堂兄Pennington给了他很多帮助，提供了创作油画的材料，故选B项。‎ ‎24.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话以及"While it is likely that he understood ...The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist"可推知,Williams给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门，使他立志成为艺术家,故选D项。‎ Passage 3（2015年·新课标全国I卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 ‎ ‎ 说明文 ‎ 萨尔瓦多·达利的画展 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎8分钟 ‎ Salvador Dali (1904—1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities.‎ The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.‎ The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.‎ The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.‎ ‎28. Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?‎ A. Optimistic. B. Productive.‎ C. Generous. D. Traditional.‎ ‎29. What is Dali's The Persistence of Memory considered to be?‎ A. One of his masterworks.‎ B.A successful screen adaptation.‎ C. An artistic creation for the stage.‎ D. One of the best TV programmes.‎ ‎30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?‎ A. By popularity.‎ B. By importance.‎ C. By size and shape.‎ D. By time and subject.‎ ‎31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? ‎ A. Artworks. B. Projects. ‎ C. Donations. D. Documents.‎ ‎【话题解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在巴黎 Pompidou Centre举办的著名画家萨尔瓦多·达利的画展。‎ ‎29.A　 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory.”可知The Persistence of Memory是他的杰作之一。故选A。‎ ‎30.D　【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.”可知，展品是根据时间和主题安排的。故选D。‎ ‎31.A　【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.”可知选A。‎ Passage 4（2014年· 新课标全国卷I）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 应用文 ‎ 耶鲁大学的科学家Mark Turin为保护濒临消失的语言而做出的不懈努力 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United ‎ Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization(UNESCO).‎ In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations — UNESCO and National Geographic among them — have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.‎ Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.‎ Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.‎ At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials — including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes — which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.‎ Now, through the two organizations that he has founded — the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project — Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.‎ ‎32.Many scholars are making efforts to_________.‎ A. promote global languages ‎ B. rescue disappearing languages C. search for language communities ‎ D. set up language research organizations ‎33.What does "that tradition" in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Having full records of the languages. ‎ B. Writing books on language teaching.‎ C. Telling stories about language users. ‎ D. Living with the native speakers.‎ ‎34.What is Turin's book based on?‎ A. The cultural studies in India. ‎ B. The documents available at Yale.‎ C. His language research in Bhutan. ‎ D. His personal experience in Nepal.‎ ‎35.Which of the following best describes Turin's work?‎ A. Write, sell and donate. ‎ B. Record, repair and reward.‎ C. Collect, protect and reconnect. ‎ D. Design, experiment and report.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文介绍了耶鲁大学的科学家Mark Turin为保护濒临消失的语言而做出的不懈努力。‎ ‎32.B 【解析】考查细节理解。第一段说到下个世纪，很多语言将濒临消失。根据第二段中的"In an effort to prevent language loss"可知，很多学者成立了一些机构，致力于记录即将消失的语言和它们所体现的文化。‎ ‎34.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段的最后一句可知，Mark Turin的书是以自己在尼泊尔的一个村子里的个人经历为基础的。‎ ‎35.C 【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章内容可知，Mark Turin正在从事的工作是保护即将消失的语言。因此他要搜集语言、保护语言、然后重新将其连接起来。文中出现了documenting， record，其实就是指他搜集(collect)语言;文章第五段中的"in need of care and protection"与选项中的protect相照应;最后一句出现了reconnected。因此最佳答案为C。‎ Passage 5（2013年·天津卷 ）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 应用文 ‎ ‎ 英国国家美术馆(The National Gallery)的参观指南 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5分钟 ‎ The National Gallery Description:‎ The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.‎ Layout:‎ The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th- to 15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.‎ The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titian and Veronese.‎ The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velázquez, Claude and Vermeer.‎ The East Wing houses 18th- to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.‎ Opening Hours:‎ The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10am to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.‎ Getting There:‎ Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square(3-minute walk), Embankment(7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).‎ ‎68.In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?‎ A. The 13th. B. The 17th. ‎ C. The 18th. D. The 20th.‎ ‎69.Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?‎ A. In the East Wing. B. In the main West Wing.‎ C. In the Sainsbury Wing. D. In the North Wing.‎ ‎70.Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?‎ A. Piccadilly Circus. B. Leicester Square.‎ C. Embankment. D. Charing Cross.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是英国国家美术馆(The National Gallery)的参观指南，主要介绍了它的藏品、布局、开放时间及周边的交通状况。‎ ‎68.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据Description部分中的第二句 "It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious ‎ paintings"可知，在13世纪的藏品中含有宗教绘画作品。‎ ‎70.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据Getting There部分中提供的信息可知，从Charing Cross至英国国家美术馆走路只需两分钟，因此这个地铁站距离英国国家美术馆最近。‎