2019版高考英语一轮复习：第四周+星期二　阅读理解（科普知识类+健康环保类）+七选五+语法填空

2019版高考英语一轮复习：第四周+星期二　阅读理解（科普知识类+健康环保类）+七选五+语法填空

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2017·山东费县二中月考)‎ Scientists have been interested for years in the observation that ratios(比率) of finger lengths differ in men and women.In men，the ring (fourth) finger is usually longer than the index (second); their socalled 2D：4D ratio is lower than 1.In females，the two fingers are more likely to be the same length.Because of this sex differences，some scientists believe that a low ratio could be a marker for higher prenatal hormone(产前激素) levels，although it’s not clear how the hormone might influence finger development.The 2D：4D ratio has also been fingered in connection with brainrelated characteristics—most often in males—such as depression，lefthandedness，musical ability，and homosexuality.‎ In the latest such study，psychologist Mark Brosnan and colleagues at the University of Bath in the United Kingdom photocopied the hands of 74 boys and girls aged 6 and 7.They compared the measurements of the second and fourth fingers with the children’s scores on a standard UK test of math and literacy.In boys，the lower the ratio，the better their math score，the team reports in the May issue of the British Journal of Psychology.The boys with the lowest ratios also were the ones whose abilities were most skewed in the direction of math rather than literacy.These differences are small but significant，says Brosnan.With the girls，there was no correlation between finger ration and numeracy，but those with higher ratios—probably indicating low hormone levels—had better scores on verbal abilities.‎ These sexspecific correlations show how tricky it is to define the roles of sex hormones，says psychologist S．Marc Breedlove of Michigan State University in East Lansing.The range of normal levels of the hormone is different in males and females，so comparable levels would have very different meanings depending on the sex of the individual.And the timing of hormone surges is as important as levels.‎ Nevertheless，Brosnan believes finger measurements might be useful for predicting cognitive abilities—although he acknowledges that “we are not suggesting that finger length measurements could replace SAT tests”．Others are more cautious，pointing out that scientists still have not ‎ confirmed that finger ratio is a reliable marker for prenatal hormone levels.‎ ‎1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?‎ A．Scientists never show interest in people’s fingers.‎ B．Many women have different kinds of fingers.‎ C．In males，the ring finger may equal the index in length.‎ D．In females，the ring finger may equal the index in length.‎ ‎2．What is the author’s attitude to Brosnan’s research?‎ A．Supportive. B．Positive.‎ C．Neutral. D．Indifferent.‎ ‎3．We can infer from the passage that .‎ A．in girls，the higher the ratio，the better their maths scores B．finger length contributes to people’s academic abilities C．it is easy to give a definition of the roles of sex hormones D．Brosnan is serious about his research ‎4．What’s the main idea of this passage?‎ A．Finger ratio is critical to people’s future.‎ B．Finger length measurements may be useful.‎ C．Finger length is related to children’s scores.‎ D．Finger ratio is a reliable maker for hormone levels.‎ B ‎(2018·河南八市测评)‎ The world’s population is projected to reach 11 billion by the end of the century.‎ Feeding that many people will be a challenge，and it is further complicated by the impact of climate change on agriculture.That is why some people advocate an unusual way to boost the food ‎ supply and feed people sustainably by eating less meat and more insects.‎ About 2 billion people already eat bugs.Mexicans enjoy chillytoasted grasshoppers.Thais tuck into cricket stirfries and Ghanaians snack on termites.Insects are slowly creeping on to Western menus as novelty items，but most people remain squeamish(拘谨的)．‎ Yet there are three reasons why eating insects makes sense.‎ First，they are healthier than meat.There are nearly 2,000 kinds of edible insects，many of them packed with protein，calcium，fiber，iron and zinc.A small serving of grasshoppers can contain about the same amount of protein as a similar sized serving of beef，but has far less fat and far fewer calories.‎ Second，raising insects is cheap，or free.Little technology or investment is needed to produce them.Harvesting insects could provide livelihoods to some of the world’s poorest people.‎ Finally，insects are a far more sustainable source of food than livestock.Livestock production accounts for nearly a fifth of all greenhousegas emissions，that’s more than transport.By contrast，insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water.And they eat almost anything.‎ Despite all this，most Westerners find insects hard to swallow.‎ One solution is to use protein extracted from bugs in other products such as ready meals and pasta sauces.Not having to look at the bugs and emphasizing the environmental benefits might make the idea of eating insects a bit more palatable.‎ ‎5．What is the direct reason why some people advocate eating insects?‎ A．Insufficient food supply.‎ B．Climate change.‎ C．The rapid increase of population.‎ D．Insects’ high nutrition.‎ ‎6．From the passage，we can infer that .‎ A．eating insects is healthier than eating beef B．eating insects is popular among Westerners C．eating insects can help people lose weight D．eating insects causes less damage to the environment ‎7．How can we make it more acceptable to eat insects?‎ A．By closing your eyes when eating insects.‎ B．By eating insects together with other food.‎ C．By putting insects’ nutrients into other food products.‎ D．By considering the environmental benefits of eating insects.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018·广东华南师范大学附中月考)‎ Thanks to expensive data fees，you might be tempted to log onto that free public WiFi service while you’re out and about. 8 ‎ ‎“Think about the cost of being connected all the time.Nothing is free，” David Lee，a product manager for Norton，told CNBC.“ 9 ” The Harvard Business Review agrees：“You’re taking a risk every time you log on to a free network in a coffee shop，hotel lobby，or airport lounge.”‎ ‎ 10 According to a survey by the company Symantic,87 percent of U．S.consumers have used a public Internet connection.And it was found that over 70 percent of them checked their personal email through public WiFi，while 11 percent logged onto their online banking account.‎ No matter how safe the WiFi connection seems to be，using it leaves your computer or smart phone easy to be attacked by hackers and data thieves.You don’t really know who owns and monitors that router，nor who has access to the data that passes through it.Not to mention，hackers have dozens of ways to compromise public WiFi accounts，from creating a network that appears legal to creating popups that trick the user into downloading malware(恶意软件) onto their computers. 11 ‎ To protect yourself against hackers，experts say your best defense is a virtual private network (VPN)，which encrypts(加密) your online activity.You can download your very own VPN through an app for Apple or Android devices，or by using the free encryption service CyberGhost. 12 But before you even start browsing，use this website to make a password that keeps you safe from ‎ hackers.‎ A．These are all of the tricks hackers use to hack your Internet security.‎ B．That can save you a lot of trouble.‎ C．The biggest threat is that your data and identity could be completely exposed.‎ D．Don’t let convenience outweigh the consequences，though.‎ E．Setting up firewalls and antivirus software will also defend your computer against hackers.‎ F．Unfortunately，most people are unaware of the dangers.‎ G Hackers usually steal data in this way.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·河南漯河高级中学模拟)‎ Over and over again I meet babies desperately 13. (try) to “read” a magazine with fingers.I am constantly shocked：How can these parents stay at ease when their kids 14. (harm) so much from technology？How on earth can they not know what a magazine is in other ways?‎ Researchers from Canada looked at this.The results were not good，especially for younger children.They found that parents that used technology too much negatively affected their 15. (children) sense of security.Besides，babies need imagination，not instant satisfaction，which is ‎ ‎16. screens often provide.“Babies are often distressed and put into bad mood when they turn to their parent 17. a connection and discover the parent is uninterested，” they wrote.‎ Being involved in too many electronic devices(设备) 18. (be) bad.But the idea that parents should spend all of their free time ensuring kids are welldeveloped is actually a modern concept—and an 19. (absolute) unrealistic one.Our kids will just be fine if we hand over the iPad at a restaurant to have a grownup conversation.‎ I’m certainly not arguing that hours upon hours of screen time is a good idea for kids,20. that we shouldn’t try to have their view 21. (broad)．But who among us didn’t give our parents 22. muchneeded weekend break by sitting in front of Saturday morning cartoons?‎ 答案精析 Ⅰ.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述的是无名指和食指的测量可能是有用的，因为我们可以通过测量来预测激素水平。‎ ‎1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知男性无名指通常比食指长，女性无名指和食指差不多一样长。故选D。]‎ ‎2．C　[观点态度题。第二段作者只是陈述Mark Brosnan研究的过程和结果；最后一段作者分别陈述了Brosnan的观点和其他人的看法。文中作者并没有表达自己的观点，所以说作者对Brosnan的研究持中立观点，故选C。]‎ ‎3．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，女孩无名指和食指比率越高，语言能力越强，故A项错误。根据最后一段中的“we are not suggesting that finger length measurements could replace SAT tests”可知，手指长度不能代替学业测试，故B项错误。根据第三段第一句可知C项错误。根据第二段前两句可知，Brosnan对这项研究很严肃认真。故选D项。]‎ ‎4．B　[主旨大意题。文章分析了男性和女性无名指和食指的比率不同，对学习内容有一定的影响，由此表明对手指长度研究的作用。最后一段首句也是提示。故选B。]‎ 语篇解读　由于未来世界人口的持续增长，食物供应明显不足，所以有人提议吃昆虫，本文对吃昆虫的好处进行了分析。‎ ‎5．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，一些人提倡吃昆虫的最直接的原因就是食物供应不足，故选A。]‎ ‎6．D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容尤其是最后两句“By contrast，insects produce relatively few greenhouse gases and raising them requires much less land and water.And they eat almost anything.”可推断出人类吃昆虫对环境造成的危害更少，故选D。]‎ ‎7．C　[细节理解题。由文章最后一段可知，把昆虫的营养物质放入其他食物里，这样我们更容易接受吃昆虫，故选C。]‎ Ⅱ.‎ 语篇解读　‎ 这篇短文介绍了很多人连接公共网络可能会存在一些隐私被侵犯或者泄露的风险，并提供了应对方法。‎ ‎8．D　[根据下一段中提到一直连接公共WiFi你的数据和身份可能会被泄露的风险，推知上一段最后应该表示不要只顾方便要考虑后果。D项：不要把便利看的比后果重要。符合语境。]‎ ‎9．C　[根据本段下文提到你在连接着公共网络随时都很危险，可推知上文应该是解释为什么连接公共网络时随时都会有危险，因为会暴露个人信息。C项：最大的威胁是你的数据和身份可能被完全暴露。符合语境。]‎ ‎10．F　[上文提到连接公共无线网络很危险，本段介绍很多人使用无线网络消费或者发送邮件或者登陆银行账户，推知人们没有意识到这种危险。F项：不幸的是，大多数人都没有意识到危险。F项放在此处作为本段首句，引起下文，符合语境。]‎ ‎11．A　[本段介绍了一些黑客有很多方法通过公共网络入侵到你的电脑。A项：这些都是黑客用来破解你的网络安全的伎俩。放在本段最后对本段做一总结，符合语境。]‎ ‎12．E　[本段是讲如何保护自己免受黑客的侵犯，E项：设置防火墙和防病毒软件也会保护你的电脑不受黑客攻击。符合本段语境。]‎ Ⅲ.13.trying　14.are harmed　15.children’s　16.what　17.for　18.is　19.absolutely　20.or　21.broadened　22.a