专题15+主谓一致-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题15+主谓一致-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 高考对主谓一致的考查非常灵活，除对有关主谓一致的基本规则考查外，主要考查学生对主语的辨识能力，主要是在主语前后添加修饰语。主要有：主语前有分数、百分数或数量词修饰；主语后有各种短语，尤其是介词短语修饰；定语从句中准确辨识先行词等。‎ 考点一 带有修饰语的主谓一致 主语后有短语或从句修饰时，这些修饰语不影响主语的人称和数；主语前的修饰语一般情况下也不影响主语的人称和数，如：在“many a + 单数名词”中，中心词是单数名词；在“more than one + 单数名词”中，中心词是单数名词。但是主语前有数量词时，谓语动词应用与数量词在数上保持一致。‎ ‎1. All we need _______ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. （2014湖南）‎ A. are B. was C. is D. were ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】根据表语a small piece of land可知谓语用单数,而根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时,故选C。‎ ‎2. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development. (2013江苏)‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. All the scientific evidence that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health. (2012湖南)‎ A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】主句的主语evidence是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；从句主语的中心词是 use，of chemicals是介词短语修饰use，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词应用单数。‎ ‎4. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. (2011江苏)‎ ‎ A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】主语是the fact，that so many people still smoke in public places是定语从句，修饰the fact，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎5. It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area. (2010 陕西)‎ ‎ A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎“a number of + 复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数，“the number of + 复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities __________ rising steadily since 1997. (2009山东)‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】“the number of + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词要用单数；由since 1997可知，应用完成时态。‎ 考点二 后跟介词短语的主谓一致 主语后接 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, such as, besides, but, except, including, in addition to, rather than, more than, no less than等介词或结构引起的短语时，主语不受这些短语的影响，谓语动词由主语的单复数而定。‎ ‎1. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round ‎ forms of exercise. （2017天津）‎ A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】主语是sycling，along with jogging and swimming，不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；又cycling与regard是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎2. (2013福建) The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.‎ A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎3. The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. (2012陕西)‎ A. were B. was C. is D. are ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】主语是the basketball couch，其后的介词短语as well as his team不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用单数；这里叙述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎4. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. (2010天津)‎ A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited ‎ 【答案】C ‎【解析】主语是arts，of Tianjin是介词短语做定语，like paper cutting是介词短语，不影响主语arts的数；arts和show是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ 考点三 并列主语的主谓一致 ‎ 并列主语的主谓一致应注意一些特殊情况。1. and连接两个单数名词作主语，如果第二个名词前没有冠词或物主代词，则表示同一人或物，谓语动词用单数；如果第二个名词前有冠词或物主代词，则表示不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数。2. “each/every + 单数名词 + （each/every+）单数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。3. 由or, either…or, neither…nor, not ‎ only…but also等连接的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎1. Either you or one of your students __________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ ‎ (2009湖南)‎ A. are B. is C. have D. be ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】either ... or连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。one of your students中，中心词是one，应用单数。‎ ‎2. — Did you go to the show last night?‎ ‎— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area __________ invited. （2008陕西）‎ A. were B. have been C. has been D. was ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】“every +单数名词+ and +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；从last night可知，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3. A poet and artist __________ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. （2006 江苏）‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 考点四 “分数/百分数+ of + 名词”或某些不定代词做主语的主谓一致 ‎ “分数/百分数+ of + 名词”做主语时，如果分数、百分数说明的是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词用单数，如果说明的是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数。主语是all, some, any, more, most以及the rest, half, part等时，如果指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，如果指代可数名词，则谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎1. One-third of the country _______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______ black people. (2011湖南)‎ A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】“分数/百分数+of+可数名词单数/不可数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数；“the majority of+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎2. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】“the rest of+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数，这里which指代的是the raw materials，故用复数，再由主句是一般过去时，确定从句也用过去时，故选D。‎ ‎3. Such poets as Shakespeare ______ widely read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to understand. (2010四川)‎ A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 考点五 定语从句和倒装句中的主谓一致 定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词在人称和数上保持一致，因此，要准确辨识先行词。倒装句中，主语在谓语动词的后面，应注意辨识。‎ ‎1. The publication of Great Expectations, which _________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. （2017江苏） A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】which引导定语从句，指代The publication of Great Expectations，在从句中作主语，The publication of Great Expectations是单数，谓语动词用单数；叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选C。‎ ‎2. The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $‎8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them. (2013湖南)‎ A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】第一个空的主语是living expenses，所以谓语动词用复数；第二个空的主语是关系代词which，指代的是前面整个主句，谓语动词应用单数。‎ ‎3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ______ evening dress. (2010 全国)‎ A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 先行词是the only (one) of the women，中心词是the only (one)，所以定语从句谓语动词用单数；这里指的是她现在的穿着情况，故用一般现在时。当先行词是“one of the + 复数名词”时，中心词是复数名词，定语从句谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎4. — Is everyone here? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m ‎ ‎— Not yet… Look, there _______ the rest of our guests! (2010 江苏)‎ A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】there放在句首时，要用倒装语序，所以主语the rest of our guests。“the rest of +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ 考点六 其他形式的主谓一致 除注意以上考点外，还应注意一些小的考点，如非谓语动词或主语从句做主语时谓语动词用单数；表示时间、距离、价格等复数名词做主语时谓语动词用单数。 ‎ ‎1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (2010湖南)‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎2. A survey of the opinions of experts __________ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week __________ good for one’s health. （2007 江西）‎ A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】在a survey of the opinions of experts中，中心词为a survey，是单数，谓语动词用单数； three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示时间的量，谓语动词用单数。表示度量、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. Most of what has been said about the Smiths __________ also true of the Johnsons. ‎ A. are B. is C. being D. to be ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】“most of +不可数名词或可数名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用单数；“most of +可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数。这里most of后面是一个名词性从句，一般看作单数。‎ ‎2. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third __________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】one-third指代的是复数名词computers，谓语动词应用复数形式，此句说的是过去的情况，故用过去时。‎ ‎3. The teacher together with the students __________ discussing Reading Skills that __________newly published in America. ‎ A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎4. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks __________ so small that a day is unimportant. ‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】在the time of days and weeks中，the time为中心词，of days and weeks是定语，不影响主语，故谓语动词用is。‎ ‎5. — Why does the lake smell terrible?‎ ‎ — Because large quantities of water ______. ‎ ‎ A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】“quantities of +可数名词/不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词均用复数；主语与谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。‎ ‎6. Every possible means __________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.‎ A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】means单复数同形。该句中，means有every修饰，而every只能修饰单数名词，所以这里means是单数。‎ ‎7. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday __________ yet. ‎ A. are not decided B. have not been decided ‎ C. is not being decided D. has not been decided ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语，一般看作单数，这里虽然有when and where，但仍然是指去度假这件事，表示单数概念；再由yet可知应用完成时。‎ ‎8. He is the only one of the students who __________ a winner of scholarship for three years.‎ A. is B. are C. have been D. has been ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎9. All the employees except the manager __________ to work online at home. ‎ ‎ A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】主语是all the employees，介词短语except the manager不影响主语的数，故谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎10. No one in the department but Tom and I __________ that the director is going to resign.‎ ‎ A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】主语是no one，介词短语but Tom and I不影响主语的人称和数，故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎