专题16 书面表达（命题猜想）-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题 （解析版）

专题16 书面表达（命题猜想）-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题 （解析版）

‎【考向解读】 ‎ ‎1.写作体裁与知识的实际运用密切结合 近几年的高考卷书面表达体裁呈多样化，记叙文、书信和论说文都在日常生活中使用较多，考生十分熟悉。写作话题贴近实际生活，突出了对考生处理现实生活实际问题的能力的考查。‎ ‎2.突出考查考生的想象力和创新能力 近三年的书面表达的写作内容都是来自于生活的真实情景。需要考生根据自身的生活阅历展开合理想象，创设合情合理的语境。 ‎ ‎3.从高考书面表达的发展趋势看，在体裁和题材上应该保持相对稳定，写作类型及提示形式也不会有太大的变化。考查考生的创新意识、思维拓展能力和文化素养的试题比重会有所增加。 ‎ ‎【命题热点突破一】审题立意 审题是做好书面表达的前提。做题前应认真分析材料，明确题目要求。‎ ‎1．审文体：文体形式一般有记叙文、说明文、议论文及各种应用文(包括书信、通知、日记、便条等)，要注意不同文体在格式上的要求以及与汉语表达不同的地方。‎ ‎2．审人称：弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，然后以合适的身份、语气，从适当的角度进行表达。 ‎ ‎3．审时态：考生容易出错的就是时态。首先应确定文章的主体时态。例如：日记一般使用一般过去时，说明文一般使用一般现在时等。当然，为满足写作的需要，我们还要把其他时态与主体时态交叉使用。 ‎ ‎4．审要求：考生要特别关注书面表达题中的“注意”一项，这是命题人对考生提出的具体答题要求，因此对于题目所提供的说明，无论是英语还是汉语，都应该认真分析，反复推敲，做到写作时没有偏差。 ‎ ‎【命题热点突破二】 列出要点 高考书面表达评分标准之一是要点齐全。但在考场上，由于担心时间不够、紧张以及受不良答题习惯等因素的影响，不少考生答题心切，没有认真审题，导致所写的文章要点残缺，详略不当，结构不清。‎ 拿到题目后，考生首先要整体把握本篇书面表达的中心内容和重点是什么，要求最大篇幅是多少；其次要弄清哪些是次要信息，只需要交代一下；最后确定可以在哪里补充一些内容，以使文章内容丰富，上下文连贯。具体来讲，可以分以下三种情况。‎ ‎1‎ ‎．提纲作文：命题人通过汉语、英语给定写作提纲，要求考生根据给出的提纲，确定文章的中心，然后紧紧围绕中心表达提纲的主旨。考生要细读提示，认真审题，在定好体裁、时态、人称、明确信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序选词造句，然后将零散的句子排列成主谓一致、时态呼应、脉络分明、合乎逻辑、内容完整的短文。 ‎ ‎2．看图作文：这种类型的书面表达最容易遗漏要点。无论是单幅、双幅还是多幅图画，考生一定要认真研究图画中的每一个细节或信息，这些都要在文章中有所体现。注意有些题目还会要求考生发表对该图画的看法，考生一定要根据题目要求和图画寓意表达出来。 ‎ ‎3．(半)开放作文：这种类型的书面表达往往分为两种。一种是题目给出一段汉字，一种是给出一幅(组)漫画，让考生发表看法。这时，考生要紧扣文章提示，先对该现象或图画进行简单扼要的描述或介绍，然后再据此发表议论。 ‎ As a proverb says，“Rome was not built in a day.” ‎ 常言道，“伟业非一日之功。” ‎ Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。 ‎ As a popular saying goes，“Facts speak louder than words.”正如格言所说，“事实胜于雄辩。” ‎ As is known to all，“No pains，no gains.” ‎ 众所周知，“不劳则无获。” ‎ It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。 ‎ Look before you leap.三思而后行。 ‎ He who laughs last laughs best. ‎ 谁笑到最后，谁就笑得最好。 ‎ As is known to all，“Easier said than done.” ‎ 众所周知，“说起来容易做起来难。” ‎ One false step will make a great difference. ‎ 失之毫厘，谬以千里。 ‎ A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行，始于足下。 ‎ Well begun is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。 ‎ A life without a friend is like a life without sun. ‎ 人生没有了朋友，犹如生活没有了阳光。 ‎ A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 ‎ Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。 ‎ ‎4．过渡自然，行文流畅：明确了文章的主题和中心后，我们就应该用适当的连词、恰当的短语、合适的句型将要点扩展成句，进而导向文章。高考书面表达评分标准指出，书面表达应该注意“上下文的连贯性”，并能“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”‎ ‎。此处所说的连贯性，是指段与段、句与句之间以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序组织与安排，做到在文意与结构上层次分明，条理清楚，连贯流畅。因此，为了增加文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性，大家在写作时要根据行文的需要，恰当使用各类过渡词、过渡句甚至过渡段来实现词与词、句与句、段与段之间的有效连接。 ‎ 常用的过渡句式(黑体部分)： ‎ Also，do let me know if you need more information. ‎ Secondly，we should get up early to memorize idioms and useful expressions. ‎ Obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. ‎ What’s more，good books can help us to develop good characters. ‎ I lost my way in the forest and to make matters worse/what is worse，it became dark. ‎ In addition，we shouldn’t neglect that everyone wants a friendly and peaceful society. ‎ Meanwhile/At the same time，I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean and healthy. ‎ Take Beijing for example，it is one of the oldest cities in the world. ‎ What is more serious is that we don’t cherish wildlife. ‎ As far as I am concerned，they stand for love，friendship and unity. ‎ Besides，I wish there wouldn’t be too many students in a class. ‎ Moreover，it seems that he always thinks more of himself than of others. ‎ Worse still，I took many falls off the bike. ‎ Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger. ‎ But unfortunately I mind my own business without considering my parents. ‎ However，not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser. ‎ On the other hand，online shopping also has many disadvantages. ‎ On the contrary，the volunteers always claim that they are tired of the life on earth. ‎ Contrary to what I had originally said，the trip turned out to be fun. ‎ However，what amazes you most is the following new function. ‎ Otherwise we’ll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later. ‎ But now because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with you as planned. ‎ ‎【特别提醒】仔细检查 短文完成后，一定要养成仔细检查的好习惯，这是保证行文质量的非常重要的步骤。我们在检查时需要重点注意以下几个方面：‎ ‎1．格式、人称是否正确。 ‎ ‎2．内容要点是否齐全。遗漏要点是要扣分的。因此，我们应该重视每一个要点。 ‎ ‎3．语法点是否出现错误。这也是我们检查的主要方面之一。复查点主要包括：①主谓是否一致；②名词的单复数、动词的时态、动词的语态、动词短语、非谓语动词的形式、介词的使用是否正确；③冠词是否遗漏；④形容词及副词是否使用得当；⑤句子结构是否完整；⑥标点符号、单词的大小写是否正确；⑦单词拼写是否正确；⑧词数是否严重不足或者超出太多等等。检查时，我们还应该遵循如下原则：尽可能只对文章做小方面的改动，对文章的构思、写作顺序等大的方面尽量不要改动。 ‎ ‎【高考真题解读】‎ ‎【2018·全国I】假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件。内容包括：‎ ‎(1).到达时间；‎ ‎(2).合适的礼物；‎ ‎【答案】Dear Terry,‎ How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.‎ Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.‎ Hopefully, these suggestions will be helpful for you.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【2018·全国II】你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Growing Together，内容包括：‎ ‎(1)短片内容：学校的发展；‎ ‎(2)放映时间、地点；‎ ‎(3)欢迎对短片提出意见。‎ 注意：‎ ‎(1)词数100左右；‎ ‎(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎【答案】One possible version:‎ Boys and girls,‎ I have good news for you. The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend. It shows us the whole history of school’s development, which is I think the attraction to us. If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity! Besides, all your suggestions and comments about this film will be welcome.‎ It will be displayed in the School Film Hall, from 9:00 am to 10:00 am, June 9th, Saturday.‎ That’s all. Thank you.‎ The Students Union June 8, 2018‎ ‎【2018·全国III】假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter 来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 学校的体育场馆；‎ ‎2. 主要的运动项目；‎ ‎3. 你喜欢的项目。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右：‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Peter, ‎ I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may give you a rough sketch.‎ To begin with, a fabulous new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, I’m intoxicated with basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.‎ All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】本题作文为提纲式作文，形式依然是书信，即给英国朋友Peter介绍学校体育运动情况，属于学校生活话题。这一话题贴合学生生活的实际，学生并不陌生，有话可说。‎ ‎【2018·北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大 ‎ ‎2．（2016新课标1）书面表达 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Ms Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右;‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。‎ ‎【答案】‎ Dear Ms Jenkins,‎ I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.‎ In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application and personal resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume, so I don’t even know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I’m writing you the letter , hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can help me.‎ Looking forward to your reply. And I’d be really thankful.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】本文是一篇考生们熟悉的书信类体裁的书面表达，内容贴近学生生活，所以人人有话可说。‎ ‎【亮点】 本文是一篇较为优秀的范文。格式正确，要点全面，语言通顺流畅，很好地完成了写作任务。在本文中开头提出写信的目的，然后具体讲述自己的困难，再提出请求，最后表达自己的感激之情。所以在内容上逻辑性较强。此外，作者还使用了不定式短语In order to get some practical experience, 现在分词短语hoping you can give me some help, 宾语从句if there are something to pay attention to等。经典句式this is the first time that I have written an application and the personal resume也是文章的亮点所在。‎ ‎3．（2016新课标3）书面表达 假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1.表示歉意；‎ ‎2.说明原因；‎ ‎3.另约时间。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎【答案】详见解析 ‎【解析】题目要求写一封道歉信，李华因不能和Bob一起去书店而向Bob道歉，文章应使用第一人称和一般现在时进行写作。写作内容包括：表示歉意；说明原因；另约时间。注意使用连接词，使作文内容连贯。‎ 亮点说明：范文包括了所有要点内容，做到了语意连贯。范文使用了宾语从句that I have to attend an ‎ important class meeting that afternoon和the change will not cause you too much trouble；目的状语从句so that we’ll have more time to read and select books；条件句If it’s convenient for you；省略句If not等，长短句结合，使内容显得更加丰富。‎ ‎4．（2016北京）书面表达 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：地球日Earth Day ‎【答案】‎ Actions for a Greener Earth A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.‎ ‎ Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to ‎ share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.‎ ‎ We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.‎ 亮点说明：范文使用了非谓语动词calling upon us to join in the actions和so...that句型与宾语从句we can do more for a better world等，句式多样；还使用了固定词组call upon sb to do sth, join in, come up with, make use of, turn...into, give away, be proud of等，使作文内容变得丰富。‎ ‎5．（2016天津）书面表达 假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。‎ ‎（1） 回顾双方的交流活动（如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；‎ ‎（2） 谈谈收获或感想；‎ ‎（3） 表达祝愿与期望。‎ 注意：‎ ‎（1） 词数不少于100；‎ ‎（2） 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎（3） 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear friends,‎ How time flies!‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________‎ Thank you.‎ ‎【答案】略