专题04连词与介词（教学案）-2019年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

专题04连词与介词（教学案）-2019年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍

连词的介词也是高考必考点，每年都保持在一至两个题目，命题形式除了单项填空外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查，其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别，介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配，介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。‎ 热点题型一 并列连词 例1、[2017·北京卷] —Peter, please send us postcards ________ we'll know where you have visited.‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A．but B．or C．for D．so ‎【答案】D　【解析】考查连词。so (that) 意为“为了……，以便……”，由句意可知答案选 D。句意：“彼得， 请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。”“没问题。”‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ 分 类 连词 意义 例句 注意 表 并 列 and 和，又，而 I make the payments and keep the accou- nts.我管付款和记账。‎ 表 并 列 not only...‎ but also...‎ 不但……而且……‎ ‎①Not only is that problem very important，but(also) it is very difficult to be solved.那个问题不仅十分重要，而且还难以解决。‎ ‎②Not only you but(also)I am to blame.不但你，我也要受到责备。‎ ‎③The Great Wall is made not only of bricks and stones but of flesh and blood of the ‎(1)放在句首时，如果连接一个分句，表示强调，这时要用倒装句；若连接两个主语则不用倒装。‎ ‎(2)连接两个主语，谓语动词的形式采用就近原则。‎ ‎ working people.长城不仅是用砖头和石头建成的，而且还是用劳动人民的血肉筑成的。‎ ‎(3)连接一个句子的相同的句子成分，不能出现交叉现象。‎ 表并列 as well as 也，又 ‎①A teacher should entert- ain as well as teach.教师不仅要教书，也要能引起学生的兴趣。‎ ‎②Your brother as well as you is very kind to me.你弟弟和你对我都很好。‎ ‎③We should know about why we should do it as well as how to do it in learning.在学习的过程中，我们不但要知其然，更应知其所以然。‎ ‎(1)连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与前面那个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎(2)与汉语语序不尽相同。它所强调的是前者。‎ 表并列 both...‎ and...‎ 不但……而且……；‎ 既……又 ‎……‎ Both my brother and my sister ran to help me.我的弟弟和妹妹都跑来帮助我。‎ when 就在那时 ‎①We were about to leave when it began to rain.我们正要动身，就在这时天开始下雨了。‎ ‎②I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.‎ 我正在街上徘徊，忽然看见了一家裁缝店。‎ 相当于and then，at that time，just then，一般置于第二个分句句首，第一分句多用过去时、过去进行时。‎ 表转折 but 但是 He is old，but he looks young.他年纪大了，但看上去很年轻。‎ but表示转折时，不能与从属连词although/though/as/in spite ‎ of/despite(尽管)出现在同一个句子中。‎ yet 然而 He got up early，(and) yet he failed to catch the early bus.他起得早，可还是没赶上早班车。‎ 表转折 however 可是，尽管如此 ‎①He knew what he want- ed，however, he didn’t know how to get it.他知道他需要什么，但不知道怎样去得到它。‎ ‎②However，we’ll look into the matter.不过我们会调查此事的。‎ 可置于句首、句中、句末，常用逗号与分句隔开。它与but最大的区别在于其后有没有逗号，有逗号，用however；没有逗号，就用but。‎ nevertheless 但是 She was very tired，nevertheless she kept on doing homework.她虽然很疲惫，但却坚持写作业。‎ 表因果 so 因此 ‎①It was rather late，so we decided to go home.天很晚了，所以我们就决定回家了。‎ ‎②She coughed badly，(and)so she went to see a doctor.她咳嗽得厉害，于是去看医生了。‎ 不能与because，since，as同时用在同一个句子中，so指由很清楚的原因导致的结果。‎ for 因为，由于 It must have rained last night，for the road is still wet.昨晚一定是下雨了，因为路还是湿的。‎ 并列分句只能放在句末，用逗号隔开，表示推断的理由，是一种补充说明的原因。‎ 表因果 therefore 因此 He broke the law，therefore，he was put into prison.他触犯了法律，因此被关进了监狱。‎ 为正式的书面用语。指通过严密的推理而得出的结果。‎ thus 因此，所以 She worked hard，thus she passed the exam.她学习努力了，所以通过了考试。‎ 指更严密的推理，也指直接的结果。‎ while 而 Some people like hot food，while others like sweet 表对比 ‎ food.有人喜欢辣的食物，有人喜好甜食。‎ whereas 然而 They want to buy a new house，whereas we would rather live in the old house.他们想要买一所新房子，而我们宁愿住在老房子里。‎ 表选择 or, or else, otherwise 或者 ‎①Hurry up，or/or else/other- wise you will miss the train.快点，否则你就会错过火车。‎ ‎②Do what you’ve been told，otherwise you will be punish- ed.按吩咐去做，否则你会受到惩罚的。‎ ‎③I was as busy as a bee，otherwise/or I would have helped you.我当时很忙，否则的话我就会帮助你的。‎ or常用于“祈使句＋or＋简单句”，这种句型同样适用于or else和other- wise。一般来说，这三个连词可以互换使用。‎ either...or ‎...‎ 要么……‎ 要么……‎ Either you or he is right.不是你就是他是对的。‎ 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与最近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ There are fewer teaching positions left in big cities, ________at the same time there are shortages of teachers in small towns.‎ A. or B. and C. so D. for ‎【解析】从语意可知，前后构成并列句，用and连接，在此处意为“而”。‎ ‎【答案】B 热点题型二 从属连词 例2. ________ more and more forests were destroyed, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.‎ A. By B. With ‎ C. As D. For ‎【答案】C ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ ‎ 分类 连词 意义 例句 引导时间状语从句 after 在……以后 After we finished our homework，we played football.做完作业后，我们踢足球。‎ before 在……以前 We had arrived home before it began to rain.下雨前，我们已经到家了。‎ when 当……时候 The train had left when I got to the station.当我到车站时，火车已经离开了。‎ 引导时间状语从句 while 当……时候，和……同时 While I was reading newspapers，she came to see me.我在看报时，她来看我。‎ as 当……之时，随着 As time went on，he realized the importa- nce of it.随着时间的推移，他认识到了它的重要性。‎ 引导时间状语从句 as soon as immediately instantly directly the moment the minute the instant hardly...when scarcely...when rarely...when no sooner...than 一……就 ‎……‎ They started the work as soon as they got there.他们一到那儿就开始工作。‎ Hardly had I got ho- me，the rain stopped.我刚一到家，雨就停了。‎ 引导时间状语从句 since 自……以来 It’s nearly two years since we departed.我们分开近两年了。‎ once 一旦 Once you are used to smoking，you can hardly stop it.你—旦习惯了抽烟，就很难停止。‎ till/until 直到……‎ They waited till/until the manager came back.他们一直等到经理回来。‎ 引导时间状语从句 in case 万一；如果 In case I forget，please remind me to write to her.万一我忘了，请提醒我给她写信。‎ as/so long as 只要 I don’t mind as long as it doesn’t rain. 只要不下雨就行了。‎ 引导目的状语从句 so that 以便 He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.他假装病了以便能呆在家里。‎ 引导比较状语从句 as...as...‎ not so...as 与……一样 与……不一样 He runs as fast as I．他和我跑得一样快。‎ than 比……‎ He writes more carefu- lly than me.他写得比我细致。‎ 引导结果状语从句 so...that...‎ 如此……以致……‎ The film is so interes- ting that I want to see it again.这部电影非常有趣，我想再看一遍。‎ such...that 如此……以致……‎ She had such a fright that she didn’t dare see it again.她吓坏了，再也不敢看了。‎ 引导主语从句 whether 是否；不论 Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他能否当选为主席，仍然有争议。‎ that 无词义，不可省略 That she will come makes me happy.她会来让我很高兴。‎ 引导宾语从句 whether 是否；不论 I don’t know whether there is anything here by Morris.我不知道这里有没有莫里斯的东西。‎ that 无词义 I don’t think that he is right.我认为他不对。‎ if 是否 Do you know if/whether she’s coming？你知道她是否会来吗？‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________he had done something very clever.‎ A. as if B. in case C. while D. though ‎【解析】as if“好像；仿佛”；in case“以防”；while“而”；though“但是”。句意：杰克一句话也不说，而老师却向他微笑，仿佛他做了什么聪明的事。故选A项。‎ ‎【答案】A 热点题型三 易混的介词 例3、He was a good student and scored________average in most subjects.‎ A. below B. of C. on D. above ‎【答案】D ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ 1．over，above，on，beyond表示“在……上”‎ ‎(1)over一般表示“在……的正上方”“在……垂直上方”，其反义词是under；over还可表示在被覆盖在物体的上面。如：‎ ‎①He held a large umbrella over the girl.‎ 他给女孩打着一把大伞。‎ ‎②He put his hand over her mouth to stop her screaming.‎ 他伸手捂住她的嘴，不让她叫喊。‎ over还可表示“超过”，多用于年龄、时间、距离。如：‎ She stayed in London over a month.‎ 她在伦敦呆了一个多月。‎ 还可表示“在……期间”，相当于during，while doing。‎ ‎①The English language has changed over hundreds of years.‎ 英语发生变化有几百年了。‎ ‎②They were having a pleasant chat over a cup of coffee.‎ 他们边喝咖啡边愉快地聊天。 ‎ ‎(2)above一般表示“在……的上方”，只说明物体间的上下关系，可能垂直，也可能不垂直。如：‎ A fly was flying above the table.一只苍蝇正在餐桌上飞。‎ 另外，above还可指在数量、重量、价格、费用等方面超过或高于规定的数量或一般标准。如：‎ The shelf should be six feet above the level of the floor.‎ 书架应离地面六英尺。‎ ‎(3)on一般表示“在……上面”，通常指与物体的表面有接触。‎ There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。‎ 当表示“陷入其中”时，我们也要用介词in，尽管汉语表示“在……上”。如：‎ ‎①There is a window in the wall.墙上有扇窗户。‎ ‎②There is a well in the ground.地上有口井。‎ ‎(4)beyond一般指超过界限、范围、限度等。如：‎ ‎①I’m curious to know what there is beyond the sea.‎ 我非常想知道大洋彼岸有什么。‎ ‎②Why he did it is beyond my comprehension.‎ 我不能理解他为什么做这件事。‎ ‎③The situation was getting beyond his control.‎ 他无法控制局势。‎ ‎2．across，through，over，past都可表示“通过”‎ ‎(1)across指在某一空间内从一端到另一端的表面穿过。如：‎ ‎①They sailed across the ocean.他们扬帆横渡大洋。‎ ‎②A plane flew across the sky.一架飞机从空中飞过。‎ ‎(2)through指从人群或物体中间穿过，也可用于抽象意义上的通过：如：‎ Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.‎ 禁止汽车在市中心穿行。‎ ‎(3)over是相对于位置的高低而言，强调“翻越”，也常表示跨过一段距离。如：‎ The man jumped over the wall and disappeared among the crowd.‎ 那人翻过墙消失在人群中。‎ ‎(4)past表示“从……旁经过”，表示动作发生在某物旁边。如：‎ We walked past the shop this afternoon.‎ 我们今天下午路过那家商店。‎ ‎3．at，in，on均可表示时间 ‎(1)表示确切的时间用at，在非正式英语里，在(at)what time这一短语以及用于句首的其他表示时间的短语中，通常可以省略at。‎ ‎(2)表示一天的上午、下午、晚上用in，即：in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening，但也有at night(在夜里)，at dawn(在黎明)，at noon(在中午)，at midnight(在午夜)。如专指某一天的上(下)午、晚上，或要对某一天上(下)午、晚上加以描述，就用on，而不用in。如：on the evening of May 1(在5月1日的晚上)。‎ ‎(3)谈到具体的某一天，用on，在星期几前面，on可以省略(尤其在美语中)。如：‎ ‎①I met him on a cold day.‎ 我在一个寒冷的日子里见到了他。‎ ‎②I’m seeing her(on)Sunday morning.‎ 星期天上午我要和她见面。‎ ‎(4)周末和节日 表示周末用at the weekend(英)或on the weekend(美)；泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时，都用at。但如果说假日中的某一天，就要用on。如：on Easter Monday复活节后的星期一。‎ ‎(5)说到星期、月、季、年、世纪等较长时间时，要用in。如：in a week在一周内；in May在五月；in 2018在2018年；in the 21th century在21世纪；in the fall/autumn在秋天。‎ ‎4．by，with，in，through都可表示“工具、手段和方法”‎ ‎(1)by表示“乘……(交通工具)”，也指“通过……(方法)”。表示方式，指抽象的或无形的手段时，其宾语一般是抽象名词或动名词；指具体的手段时，其宾语通常是表示身体某个部位、交通工具或通讯工具等的名词，且名词前不用冠词。如：‎ ‎①You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour.‎ 把鸡蛋与面粉混合，你就可以做出那种蛋糕。‎ ‎②Can I reach you by telephone?‎ 我可以用电话和你联系吗？‎ ‎(2)with表示“用……工具/手段”，一般接具体的手段或工具，不能接动名词。如：‎ He sharpened his pencil with a knife.他用小刀削铅笔。‎ ‎(3)in表示用的方法、工具、材料等。如：‎ ‎①Please write in ink，not in pencil.‎ 请用墨水写，不要用铅笔写。‎ ‎②I paid the bill in cash.我用现金付账。‎ 表示“用容器(之类的工具)”时，用in。如：‎ They carried earth in basket.‎ 他们用篮子提土。‎ ‎(4)through表示“通过……途径/方式/方法”，一般是指具体的或有形的手段，其宾语往往是具体的人或事物。如：‎ ‎①We arranged our holiday through an agent.‎ 我们通过一个经纪人来安排我们的假日。‎ ‎②He got the chance through being a scientist.‎ 由于是个科学家，他得到了这次机会。‎ ‎5．to，at，for，toward(s)都表示方向，“到……，向……，朝……”‎ ‎(1)toward(s)强调动作的方向；to则兼指“到达”的含义，强调结果。如：‎ ‎①I saw her walking toward (s) the cinema.‎ 我见她朝电影院走去。‎ ‎②I saw her walking to the cinema.‎ 我见她正朝电影院走去。‎ ‎(2)for常用在leave，start，set out，set off，head，sail的后面，表示要去的目的地。如：‎ They are leaving for New York next week.‎ 他们下周去纽约。‎ ‎(3)at常和throw，shout，shoot等动词连用，表示目标。常常含有仇恨的感情色彩。而to与这些词连用时，仅仅表示方向。如：‎ ‎①It’s not polite to shout at people.‎ 朝人大声喊叫是不礼貌的。‎ ‎②When I came to the dog，it came at me，I rushed away with fear.‎ 当我走向这条狗时，它向我扑来，我吓得拔腿就跑。‎ ‎6．besides，except，except for，but都可表示“除……之外”‎ ‎(1)besides与except besides表示“除了……之外(尚有)(宾语包括在内)”，表示肯定；另外，它还可以作副词，有“再说”的意思，表示语气的递进。except表示“除了……之外(宾语不包括在内)”，含有否定含义。如：‎ ‎①There are four persons besides Tom to do the work，the four of whom are expert at it.‎ 算汤姆在内有四个人做这项工作。他们四个在这方面都在行。‎ ‎②There are four persons except Tom to do the work，four of whom are expert at it.‎ 不算汤姆，他们有四个人做这个工作。他们当中的四个在这方面都在行。‎ ‎③Who else do you need to help you besides me?‎ 除了我以外，你还需要谁帮忙？‎ ‎④Sorry，I can’t go with you tonight.It’s dark，besides, it’s raining heavily.‎ 对不起，我今晚不能和你一起去。天很黑，再说，还下着大雨。‎ ‎(2)except，except for与except thatclause 它们都有“除了……”的意思，区别在于：‎ except前后陈述的是同一类的东西。‎ except for前后所陈述的不属同类，表示引述一个相反细节，对上一陈述起到修正说明的作用，except for后接名词和代词。‎ except thatclause也是表示引述一个相反细节，对上一陈述起到修正说明的作用，后接宾语从句(注意宾语从句的连接词的正确使用)。如：‎ ‎①There is nothing except a desk in the classroom.‎ 教室里只有一张课桌。(desk和nothing属于同一类)‎ ‎②We enjoyed the party except for the loud music.‎ 除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在聚会上玩得很开心。(the loud music和the party不属于同类)‎ ‎③Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.＝Your composition is good except that there are some spelling mistakes.‎ 除了几个拼写错误之外，你的作文很好。‎ ‎④He goes to the library every day except when he is not well.‎ 他除了身体不舒服以外，每天都去图书馆。‎ ‎(3)but作为介词和except同义，通常用在no以及由no组成的合成词或表示否定意义的词后面，而except不受此限制。如：‎ ‎①Nobody else but/except me could solve the word puzzle.‎ 除了我，谁都不会解这个字谜。‎ ‎②I had no choice but to wait.‎ 我除了等待之外别无选择。‎ ‎(4)but for表示“要不是……”，用于虚拟语气。except for只起修正作用。如：‎ But for your timely help, I couldn’t have finished the work on time. I can’t thank you too ‎ much.‎ 要不是你及时的帮助，我就不能按时完成这项工作。我对你感激不尽。‎ ‎7．due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to 这几个短语都可以作“由于，因为”解，是表原因的介词短语。‎ ‎(1)due to...有三个用法：作定语、表语和状语；作状语时可放在句首或句尾。如：‎ ‎①The mistake due to carelessness is serious.‎ 由于粗心大意所造成的这个错误是严重的。‎ ‎②Due to driving at high speed the accidents were common.‎ 由于高速驾驶，交通事故很常见。‎ ‎③His illness is due to bad food.‎ 他生病的原因是吃了劣质食物。‎ ‎(2)owing to...可作状语、定语和表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，一般应和句子的其他成分隔开，可放在句首、句中或句尾。如：‎ ‎①The service is poor owing to a shortage of staff.‎ 服务之所以差是因为工作人员不足。‎ ‎②She is now, owing to bad health, not so active in the activity.‎ 由于身体不好，她现在在活动中表现得没有那么活跃了。‎ ‎(3)on account of...可作状语和表语。作状语时修饰全句，应和句子的其他成分隔开，但有时也可不隔开。如：‎ ‎①He resigned on account of age.‎ 他由于年迈而辞职。‎ ‎②That was on account of lack of experience.‎ 那是由于缺乏经验所致。‎ ‎(4)thanks to...只作状语，比较正式，有感谢的含义，作“多亏”解，但有时也含有贬义。如：‎ Thanks to your help, we were successful.‎ 多亏你的帮助，我们才得以成功。‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ________， honest.‎ A. therefore B. above all C. however D. after all ‎【解析】句意：要想成为一个伟大的人，你必须得聪明、自信，并且最重要的是诚实。therefore“因此，所以”；above all“首先，尤其是，最重要的是”；however“然而，可是”；after all“毕竟，终究”。‎ ‎【答案】B 热点题型四 常见的复合介词 例4、When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside________younger men.‎ A. in terms of ‎ B. in need of C. in favor of ‎ D. in praise of ‎【答案】C ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ according to根据，按照，取决于 as a result of由于……的结果 as far as就……而论 at the mercy of受……支配 at the sight of一看到 by means of用，依靠，借助于 by way of取道于……；途经(＝via)‎ by the way of用……的方法 because of因为，由于 due to因为 in addition to除了……之外(还有)‎ in advance of在……前面；比……先进 in celebration of为庆祝……‎ in case of假设，万一 in search of寻求；试图发现 in place of代替 in need of需要 in charge of对……负责；主管 in the charge of由……负责(表被动意义)‎ in spite of尽管；即使；虽然；不管 in time of在……时刻 in a state of处于……状况中 in course of在进行中 in the course of在……期间 in favour of赞同；有利于 in honor of向……表示敬意，为纪念……‎ in memory of为纪念……‎ instead of代替；而不是 on account of因为；由于 owing to因为 thanks to因为；多亏 under the name of以……的名义 under the condition that在……条件下 under the control of在……支配下 with no relation to与……无关 with the view of为了；以……为目的 within the reach of在……力所能及的范围内 ‎【举一反三】 ‎ Students in that school are judged________what they have achieved in their studies.‎ A. in spite of ‎ B. in charge of C. in favor of ‎ D. in terms of ‎【解析】句意：那所学校的学生是依据他们在学习上所获得的成绩来被评价的。in spite of“不管”；in charge of“负责”；in favor of“支持，赞同”；in terms of“依据，根据”。根据句意选择D项。‎ ‎【答案】D 热点题型五 介词有关的固定搭配 例5、[2017·江苏卷] Determining where we are ________our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ A．in contrast to B．in defense of ‎ C．in face of D．in relation to ‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎1．名词与介词的固定搭配 要求用to的名词：key，answer，visit，apology，introduction 要求用in的名词：interest，satisfaction，expert 要求用on的名词：mercy，congratulation 要求用其他介词的名词：prize(for)，respect(for)，victory(over)，struggle(with)‎ ‎2．形容词与介词的固定搭配 要求用at的形容词：angry，good，bad，surprised，excited，puzzled，frightened 要求用of的形容词：afraid，sure，certain，full，tired，fond，proud，worthy 要求用with的形容词：angry，strict，busy，popular 要求用in的形容词：weak，strict，rich, interested，successful，slow 要求用to的形容词：next，good，polite，kind，cruel，rude，known，married，close，similar，due 要求用for的形容词：sorry，famous，fit，unfit，eager，anxious，hungry 要求用from的形容词：far，different，free，safe，absent，tired 要求用about的形容词：sorry，worried，anxious，careful，sure，certain ‎3．在英语中介词可以和名词、动词、形容词、副词构成许多固定短语，我们必须不断积累，牢牢记住这些固定搭配，掌握其含义，才能应对高考。‎ ‎【举一反三】 ‎ We’d better discuss everything ________before we work out the plan.‎ A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time ‎【解析】句意：在我们制订计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论每件事。in detail“详细地”；in general“通常，大体上”；on purpose“故意地”；on time“准时，按时”。‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1.【2018·北京】—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.‎ ‎—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.‎ A. for B. on C. in D. at ‎【答案】A ‎2.【2018·江苏】33. China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.‎ A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。‎ ‎3.【2018·天津】Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.‎ A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random ‎【答案】B ‎1．[2017·北京卷] —Peter, please send us postcards ________ we'll know where you have visited.‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A．but B．or C．for D．so ‎【答案】D　【解析】考查连词。so (that) 意为“为了……，以便……”，由句意可知答案选 D。句意：“彼得， 请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。”“没问题。”‎ ‎2． [2017·北京卷] Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.‎ A．at B．in C．on D．by ‎【答案】B　【解析】考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“在……产业里”，故用介词in。句意：许多住在海边的人以捕鱼业为生。‎ ‎3． [2017·江苏卷] Determining where we are ________our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ A．in contrast to B．in defense of ‎ C．in face of D．in relation to ‎ ‎【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据题意“相对于我们的周边环境”可知in relation to涉及，相对于，符合句意。In contrast to与……形成对照；in defense of为……辩护；in face of面对。句意：确定相对于我们周围环境的位置仍然是我们生存的基本技能。‎ ‎4．[2017·天津卷] When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ________ trees that are over 1，000 years old.‎ A．among B． against ‎ C．behind D．below ‎【答案】A　【解析】考查介词。根据“…trees that are over 1，000 years old.”可知是置身于这些树木之中，应选A项。 among在……当中；against以……为背景，衬托；behind在……后面；below在……下面。句意：当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉森林时，你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树林中。‎ ‎5．[2017·天津卷] We offer an excellent education to our students. ________， we expect ‎ students to work hard.‎ A．On average B．At best ‎ C．In return D．After all ‎1．[2017·北京卷] —Peter, please send us postcards ________ we'll know where you have visited.‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A．but B．or C．for D．so ‎【答案】D　【解析】考查连词。so (that) 意为“为了……，以便……”，由句意可知答案选 D。句意：“彼得， 请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。”“没问题。”‎ ‎2． [2017·北京卷] Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.‎ A．at B．in C．on D．by ‎【答案】B　【解析】考查介词。根据句意可知此处表示“在……产业里”，故用介词in。句意：许多住在海边的人以捕鱼业为生。‎ ‎3． [2017·江苏卷] Determining where we are ________our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ A．in contrast to B．in defense of ‎ C．in face of D．in relation to ‎ ‎【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据题意“相对于我们的周边环境”可知in relation to涉及，相对于，符合句意。In contrast to与……形成对照；in defense of为……辩护；in face of面对。句意：确定相对于我们周围环境的位置仍然是我们生存的基本技能。‎ ‎4．[2017·天津卷] When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ________ trees that are over 1，000 years old.‎ A．among B． against ‎ C．behind D．below ‎5．[2017·天津卷] We offer an excellent education to our students. ________， we expect students to work hard.‎ A．On average B．At best ‎ C．In return D．After all ‎【答案】C　【解析】考查介词短语。根据句意可知这是两方面的事情，因此选C项。in return反过来，作为回报；on average平均来看；at best充其量，至多；after all毕竟，终究。句意：我们向学生提供优质的教育，同时也希望学生努力学习。‎ ‎【2016·天津】2. The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.‎ ‎ A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：这本字典过时了：自从它被出版，很多单词被增加到这个语言中。A.失去控制；B.过时的；C看不见的；D.够不着的。根据句意，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语。 ‎ ‎【2016·浙江】6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.‎ A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：这个年轻人是诚实的，有合作精神的，当你需要他的帮助的时候，总是在那里。简言之，他是可靠的。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查介词短语。‎ ‎1.【2015·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.‎ A. below B. on C. at D. above ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。With 的宾语global ‎ temperature ，宾语补足above the average。 ‎ ‎2.【2015·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?‎ A. about B. to C. with D. over ‎【答案】 B ‎3.【2015·浙江】17. These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.‎ ‎ A. in memory of B. in response to ‎ ‎ C. in touch with D. in possession of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 意为纪念， B. in response to意为回应，C. in touch with意为联系，D. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。‎ ‎4.【2015·陕西】12. The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.‎ ‎ A. on B. by C. in D. at ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。 take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子，所以选B。‎ ‎5.【2015·福建】22._______A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.‎ A. of B. on C. to D. with ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】A.of表示关于，表示从属关系；B.on表示在…之上；C.to表示对于；D.with表示和…在一起。该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选A ‎6.【2015·江苏】34.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.‎ A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for ‎【答案】D ‎7.【2015·安徽】33.They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.‎ A. out of date B. out of order C. around the clock D. around the corner ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。A过时的；B发生故障的；C昼夜不停地；D即将来临。故选D。‎ ‎8.【2015·湖北】30.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would be fined. ‎ A.in advance B.in detail C. in total D.in general ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你：如果你在这里吸烟，会被罚款。A项“提前”；B项“详细地”；C项“总共，总计”；D项“大体上，笼统地”。故选A项。‎ ‎1.（2014福建卷）22. Our club is open to everyone ____ age, sex or educational background.‎ A. due to B. except for C. along with D. regardless of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是介词短语辨析。Due to由于，因为；except for除…之外（强调整体与局部的关系）；along with和…一起；regardless of不管…不顾…（侧重于不考虑，不关注…）；句义：不管年龄，性别或教育程度，我们俱乐部向所有人开放。根据句义可知D项符合上下文语境。‎ ‎2.（2014江苏卷）24. Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay____.‎ A. in place B. in order C. in shape D. in fashion ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考察的是与介词in有关的短语辨析。in place有序，在适当的位置；in order井井有条；in shape健康的，状态良好的；in fashion流行的，时尚的；句意：为了保持健康，每天早晨Tom总去慢跑，也经常做引体向上。根据句意可知Tom锻炼的目的是为了保持健康。故C正确。‎ ‎3.（2014江西卷）25. Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence .___, it could just put you in debt.‎ A. In other words B. All in all C. As a result D. On the other hand ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考察的是介词短语辨析。A换句话说；B总得说来；C结果是；D另一方面；句义：自己做生意也许是获得经济独立的一个很好的方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。根据句义说明这是一件事情的两个方面，所以D项符合上下文串联。‎ ‎4.（2014江西卷）33. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life __his great wealth .‎ A. without B. despite C. in D. to ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎5.（2014陕西卷）14. The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.‎ A. by B. of C. in D. with ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】本题中的with表示有，佩戴；其余三个介词都没有这个用法。句义：能够长着蓝眼睛的苏格拉女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛里得到了第一名。故D正确。‎ ‎6.（2014天津卷）6. _______ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.‎ A. In reply to B. In addition to C. In charge of D. In place of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】本题的四个介词短语都很重要。In reply to作为…的回复；in addition to…除…之外（包括在内）；in charge of负责…；in place of代替；句义：除了学校，村子里还有诊所，诊所也是在政府的支持下建成的。也就是说学校和诊所都是政府支持建设成功的。故B正确。‎ ‎7.（2014浙江卷 ）10. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ______ .‎ A. in return B. in common C. in turn D. in place ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】介词短语in return作为回报，后面常常接介词for；in common与…相似；in turn依次，轮流；反过来；in place恰当，在合适的地方。句意：当他住在那个村子里的时候，James无私地和村民们分享他拥有的一切，不要去得到任何回报。根据句意说明A正确。‎ ‎8.（2014浙江卷 ）12. Facing up to your problem ____ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.‎ A. more than B. rather than C. along with D. or rather ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】介词短语more than超过，不仅仅，非常；rather than代替，而不是；along with和…一起；or tather更准确地说；句意：面对你的问题而不是逃避是解决这些问题最好的方法。根据句意可知B项符合上下文含义。‎ ‎9.（2014浙江卷 ）18. There’s no reason to be disappointed. ______, this could be rather amusing.‎ ‎ A. Above all B. As a result C. In addition D. As a matter of fact ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎