2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Wildlife protection

2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Wildlife protection

2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Wildlife protection 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 ：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备） 重点单词 1．protection n．保护→protect v．保护→protective adj.保护的，防护的 2．decrease vi. & vt.减少；(使)变小或变少 3．loss n．损失；遗失；丧失→lose v．遗失，丢失→loser n．输家；失败者→lost adj.遗失的， 失去的 4．hunt vt. & vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻 5．respond vi.回答；响应；作出反应 6．certain adj.确定的；无疑的；某种 7．contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍→container n．容器 8．powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerfully adv.有力地→power v．给……提供动力 9．affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭 10．appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到 11．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任 12．employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等) 13．harm n. & vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的 14．bite vt. & vi.咬；叮；刺痛→bit(过去式)→bitten(过去分词) 15．inspect vt.检查；视察 16．fierce adj.凶猛的；猛烈的→fiercely adv.猛烈地→fierceness n．猛烈 重点短语 1．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 2．in peace 和平地；安详地；和睦地 3．in danger(of) 在危险中，垂危 4．in relief 如释重负 5．burst into laughter 突然笑起来 6．protect...from 保护……不受……(危害) 2. 语法基础知识——定语从句 主题语境：话题——保护动物（人与自然） 语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文，能够以较 丰富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应 【归纳拓展】 response n. 回答，回复；反应 respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to 正式) respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用……回应某人(事) respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应 response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应 7．pay attention to 注意 8．come into being 形成；产生 9．according to 按照；根据……所说 10．do harm to 危害 11．without mercy 毫不留情地 12．respond to 对……作出回答 经典句型 （高考书 面表达必 备） 1．Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater. 请把我带到遥远的地方，在那里我能找到为制作这件毛衣提供皮毛的那种动物。 2．There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad. 在那里，戴茜看到一只藏羚羊面带忧郁的神色。 3．It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests. 这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来 帮助你们。 必备语法 （高级句 型） 定语从句 in response to 作为对……的反应 【典例 1】 语法填空 1．（2020·江苏高三）In the years to come, everyone will be able to take pride in how we responded __________ this challenge. 【答案】to 【解析】句意：在未来的岁月里，每个人都会为我们如何应对挑战的方式感到自豪。宾语从 句 we responded to this challenge.我们回应这个挑战。故填 to。 2．（2020·天津汉沽一中高三期末）Eventually, the president had to leave office in ________ （respond） to public pressure in order to ease the tension of the situation. 【答案】response 【解析】句意：最后，总统不得不迫于公众压力而离任，以缓和局势的紧张。in response to 对…回应。故填 response。 3．If the potential friend ________（response）warmly and you believe you are both enjoying the small talk, you may want to take another step to establish friendship with him. 【答案】responds 【解析】句意：如果你的潜在朋友热情地回应，你相信你俩都在享受这个小话题，你可能想 要再走一步，与他建立友谊。第三人称的动词形式。故填 responds。 4. （2019·天津南开中学）You should be _________（response） for every word you have said in court. 【答案】responsible 【解析】考查形容词。句意：你应该为你在法庭上说的每一个字负责。responsible 负责的；。 根据常识，在法庭上，需要对说的话进行负责。在 be 后用形容词作表语。故填 responsible。 5．（2020·山东师范大学附中）Doctors and nurses bear the _________（responsible）for tending the infected patients. 【答案】responsibility 【解析】句意：医生和护士有责任照顾受感染的病人。此处 bear the responsibility 负有责任。 故填 responsibility。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（2020·河北衡水中学）It’s not only great responsibility but great honor for a city to be chosen to host the Olympic Games. A．/; a B．/; / C．the; the D．a; a 【答案】D 【解析】考查冠词。句意：对一个城市而言，能被选上举办奥运会，不仅是一份责任也是一 种荣幸。responsibility (责任)是可数名词，句中用的单数形式，所以前面要用不定冠词 a； honor (使感到光荣的事或人，荣幸)是可数名词，前面有 great 修饰，前面要使用不定冠词 a。 故选 D 项。 2.（2020·天津高三）Cambridge gave a positive answer ______ inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores. A．in favor of B．in response to C．in salute to D．in preparation for 【答案】B 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：剑桥大学在回答是否承认高考分数的问题时给出了肯定 的回答。A. in favor of 赞成；B. in response to 回应；C. in salute to 向……致敬；D. in preparation for 准备。根据空前的 gave a positive answer(给出了肯定的回答)及空后的 inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores(是否承认高考分数的询问)可知空前的回答是对空后的询问的回 应。in response to 意为“回应”，符合语境。故选 B 项。 3．（2020·江苏高三）A range of green campaigns have been launched globally ____ the gravity of the climate crisis. A．in contrast to B．in terms of C．in defence of. D．in response to 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：一系列全球性的绿色环保活动的发起，是为了应对当前气候 危机的严峻形势。A. in contrast to 与……相反；B. in terms of 在……的条件下；C. in defence of 保卫；D. in response to 对……的回应。分析句意可知，此处应表示应对当前气候危机的 严峻形势。故选 D 4．（2020·山东师范大学附中）The girl _______ beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn’t the only one. A．responded B．respected C．recognized D．rejected 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个女孩对我的小危机做出了漂亮的回应，但她实际上 不是唯一的一个。A. responded 反应；B. respected 尊重；C. recognized 认识，意识到；D. rejected 拒绝。根据后文 beautifully to my small crisis 可知是指“对我的小危机做出了漂亮的回应”， 短语 respond to 表示“对……反应”。故选 A。 完成句子 (1)They still haven't ____________ my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。 (2)He ____________ my suggestion ________ a laugh/______ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一 笑。 (3)His illness didn't ____________ treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。 (4)My mother opened the door ____________________ the knock, but there was no one outside. 听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。 【答案】(1)responded to(2)responded to ；with/by(3)respond to(4)in response to 知识点 2．decrease vt.& vi.减少；(使)变小；或变少 n．减少，减小 【归纳拓展】 ①on the decrease 在减少中 a decrease in...在……方面减少了 ②decrease to...减少到…… decrease by...减少了…… decrease from...to...从……减少到…… ③on the increase 在增加 【典例 2】 语法填空 1. （北京高三期末） People planted trees on the waste hills_________（decrease） water and soil loss. 【答案】to decrease 【解析】句意：人们在荒山上种植了树木，目的是减少水土流失。考查不定式做目的状语， 动词-ing 形式表主动和进行，通常做时间状语或伴随状况，动词-ed 形式表被动和完成，由 句意可知，填 to decrease。 2. （2019·江西南昌二中）Fortunately, the number of cyclists running traffic lights is ______ the decrease. 【答案】on 【解析】句意：幸运的是，骑自行车闯红灯的人数正在减少。根据 Fortunately，可知骑自行 车闯红灯的人数正在减少。on the decrease 在减少中，故填 on。 3.（北京高三期末）The unemployment rate has decreased _____ 2% to 5.4%, compared with 7.4 % last year. 【答案】by 【解析】句意：失业率与去年的 7.4%相比，已经到了 5.4%，下降了 2%。从句意可知此处 指失业率下降了，by 可以指相差的程度，填 by。 【变式】 1．（2009·浙江高考真题）Over the past decades, sea ice ________ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. A．had decreased B．decreased C．has been decreasing D．is decreasing 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态。从"over the past decades"可知, 在英语中"over /in the past /last + 时 间段"要与"现在完成时"连用，选 C。 2．(福建高三第二次联考)China’s labor supply will continue to rise，despite the fact that the working•age population________. A．has decrease B．was decreasing C．will be decreasing D．is decreasing 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态。句意为：中国的劳动力供给将继续增长，尽管处于工作年龄段的人口在 减少。由 the fact 可知，此处指现阶段正在发生的事，应用现在进行时。 3．（2019·江苏高三期中）Commercial and recreational fishing _______ population sizes and also made individuals smaller, since big fish _______ and smaller ones thrown back. A．decreased; kept B．had decreased; are kept C．has decreased; keep D．has decreased; are kept 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：商业和休闲捕鱼减少了种群规模，也使个体变小，因为大 鱼被保留下来，小鱼被扔回大海。结合句意第一空是强调现在的结果，用现在完成时态；第 二空是一般现在时态的被动语态，主语 big fish 与 keep 是被动关系，故答案为 D。 介词填空 ①There has been some decrease traffic accidents this year. ②The club members decreased two hundred compared with last year. ③The housing price is hoped to decrease 10% this year. ④To our delight， varieties of birds in the forest are the increase. 【答案】 ①in ②to ③by ④on 知识点 3．certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种) 【归纳拓展】 be certain of/about...对……有把握，确信…… be certain to do sth.确定做某事 make certain of/about/that...确定某事 It is certain that...一定能…… for certain＝for sure 确定无疑地，准确地 certainly adv.当然，确定 certainty n．确定，必然的事 【易混易错】 (1)作“某(种)”讲时，同义于 some。但 some 前不加冠词。 for a certain reason＝for some reason 由于某种原因 certain professors＝some professors 某些教授 a certain amount of time 相当一段时间 (2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于 sure。但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于 It is certain that...句型，而 sure 主语只能是人。 “be certain/sure＋从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主语的信念) be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念) be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念) “make certain/sure＋从句”弄清楚/确保…… make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚 for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语) It is certain that... 一定会……(不能用 sure) 【典例 3】 语法填空 1. （浙江期中）There is ____ certain Mr. Smith at the door who wants to speak to you. 【答案】a 【解析】句意：在门口有位想要跟你说话的史密斯先生。a certain 此处泛指“一位史密斯先 生”故应用冠词 a，且表示“某一”，故填 a。 2．（天津耀华中学高三）I am sorry I am very busy now. If I had time, I would _________ （certain）go to the movies with you. 【答案】certainly 【解析】句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。如果有时间我肯定和你一块去看电影。修饰动词用 副词形式，故填 certainly。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（黑龙江期末）It is almost ________ that he will be elected chairman of the Students’ Union. A．certain B．exact C．right D．sure 【答案】A 【解析】考查语境及固定句式。句意：几乎可以肯定的是他将要当选学生会主席。A. certain 确定的，必然的；B. exact 精确的，准确的；C. right 正确的；D. sure 有把握的；It’s certain that… 为固定句式，意为“…是肯定”，句中的 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面 that 引导的主语 从句，is 是系动词，certain 是形容词形式作表语。虽然 certain 与 sure 有相同的意思，但“It is…that 结构中只能用 certain，不能用 sure。例句：It's certain that he will come today.（可以 肯定他今天会来。） 2．It is_______ that I can still remember_______ was discussed at the meeting. A．sure; when B．sure; what C．certain; when D．certain; what 【答案】D 【解析】it is certain that 确定……; what 引导宾语从句, 在从句中作主语。本题容易误选 A 项。sure 的主语不能用 it, when 不能充当从句中的主语。 完成句子 (1)There was _________________ in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。 (2)Are you ____________________ it？你对此有把握吗？ (3)He is __________________ his duty. 他肯定会尽职。 (4)_________________ he has wronged me. 我确信他冤枉了我。 (5)_________________ their team will win the match. 他们队肯定会赢得比赛。 【答案】(1)a certain coldness(2)certain about/of(3)certain to do(4)I’m certain that(5)It’s certain that 考点 4．contain vt.包含；包括；容纳；控制；抑制 【易混易错】 contain/include cont ain 可指所包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分。 主语与宾语不是同一类的东西。 incl ude 指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被 包括部分＋included”的结构。 Try not to eat food which contains a lot of fat.尽量不吃含很多脂肪的食物。 There are 60 students in our class，including 20 girl students.＝There are 60 students in our class，20 girl students included.我们班有 60 名学生，其中 20 名女学生。 【典例 4】 语法填空 1．（2020·甘肃兰州一中）The box ________（contain） all the books you need, ________ （include） an English-English dictionary. 【答案】contains; including 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：这个盒子里有你需要的所有书，包括一本英英词典。contain 指全部包括在内，include 指部分包括；including 在这里作介词用，补充说明前面的主句。 分析句意可知，这个盒子里有你需要的所有书，包括一本英英词典。故填 contains; including。 2．（北京高三）While looking for some personal documents, I happened to see an album __________（contain）some old photographs. 【答案】containing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在找一些私人文件时，我意外看到了一个装有一些老照片 的相册。album 和 contain 是主谓关系，即相册中含有......，这里用现在分词作后置定语，相 当于定语从句 which contained，故填 containing。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（2019·石嘴山市第三中学月考）The bag ______ a lot of books, ______ some English books and history books. A．contains; included B．contains; including C．includes; contained D．includes; containing 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：这个包里装有你需要的所有的书，其中包括一本英汉字典。 contain 和 include 都有“包含”的意思，但 contain 强调容量，表示包含所含之物的的全部或部 分；include 强调范围，表示所包含之物中的一部分。including 意为“包括”，为介词。此处 第一空强调容量，表示包含所含之物的的全部或部分，故用 contains；第二空强调范围，表 示所包含之物中的一部分，而且分析句子，不是用动词，故用 including。故选 B。 2．（江苏期末）Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, which ________ enough steel to build 60 Eiffel Towers, is considered a miracle in the history of bridge architecture. A．contains B．has contained C．contained D．is containing 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。这个定语从句中使用一般现在时对珠港澳大桥的情况进行陈述，与主句 时态一致。句意：珠港澳大桥用的钢铁可以制造 60 座埃菲尔铁塔，这座大桥北认为是桥梁 建筑史上的奇迹。故 A 项正确。 3．（2019·黑龙江牡丹江一中期中）The committee ______five members, _____one elderly and two middle-aged comrades. A．is consisted of; containing B．consists of; including C．consists in; includes D．consists of; containing 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：委员会由五名委员组成，包括一名老人和两名中年同志。 consists of...“由.....组成”。不能用被动语态。include 的宾语指的是部分内容或容量,表示一个 整体由几个部分组成,侧重包括者只是整体的一部分。contain 指包含的全部内容或容量.如果 指的是里面所含的成分时,也用 contain。根据句意，B 选项正确。 完成句子 (1)His paper ___________ no mistakes at all.他的试卷没有一点错误。 (2)Orange juice ____________ things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东 西。 (3)This bottle ___________ two glasses of beer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。 (4)He couldn't ____________ for joy.他不胜欢喜。 【答案】(1)contained(2)contains(3)contains(4)contain himself 知识点 5．affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 【归纳拓展】 be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动 be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉 be affected with high fever 发高烧 【易混易错】 affect/effect/influence affect 只能用作及物动词，其含义是“使……发生变化”，因此“影响”这一词义还 可以引申为“感动，感染”。 effect 用作名词，着重指影响的“结果”或“作用”。常用于词组 have an effect on 中，意思相当于 affect。effect 也可以用作及物动词，但意思完全不同，意为 “使……发生，产生……结果”。 influe nce 既可用作名词，也可用作动词，通常指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、 性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。常用的短语搭配：have an influence on sb./sth.意为“对某人/某事物有影响”。 【典例 5】 语法填空 1．（江苏月考）To avoid _____（affect）, the students insist that he be separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty. 【答案】being affected 【解析】句意：为了避免被影响，他要求把他和他淘气的同桌分开。由句意可知，为了避免 受到影响，故用不定式作目的状语。避免做某事，avoid doing sth.，使用动名词的被动语态。 故填 being affected。 2． The 8.8 quake in central Chile caused widespread damage, destroying lost of buildings and hundreds of thousands Of people__________（affect） . 【答案】affected 【解析】考查非谓语。由句意：智利中部的 8.8 级地震导致广泛的破坏，破坏了很多大楼， 使得人们受到了影响”可知此处用过去分词 affected,与 people 之间构成动宾关系,故填 affected。 3．（2009·上海高考真题）With the government’s aid, those _____（affect） by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 【答案】affected 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在政府的紧急救援下，那些受到地震影响的灾区民众已经 转移到新的居民区。With the government’s aid 是状语，_____ by the earthquake 是后置定语修 饰句子主语 those，句子的真正谓语动词是 have，过去分词作后置定语。故填 affected。 4．（重庆巴蜀中学月考）To prevent price decrease （affect） farmers’ income, the central government has decided to buy more crops to protect them. 【答案】affecting 【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意：为了阻止价格下降影响农民们的收入，中央政 府已经决定购买更多的农作物来保护他们。固定搭配：prevent sb. （from）doing sth.阻止某 人做某事，故填 affecting。 5．（2019·福建厦门外国语学校）Every mother has _____（affect） for her children. 【答案】affection 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：每个母亲都爱她的孩子。have affection for…，为固定搭配， 意为“深爱着…，对….衷爱”，故填 affection。 【变式】 单项选择 1．The movie once ______________ a whole generation of people. It was proved to be of much ______________ in the education of people. A．affected; effect B．effected; affect C．effected; effect D．affected; affect 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词和名词词性。句意：这部电影曾经影响了整整一代人。它被证实对育人有 很大的影响。affect v.影响；effect n.影响，结果。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，第一空在 句中作谓语，故填动词 affected；第二空，介词 of 后用名词，故填 effect。结合选项可知，A 项正确。故选 A。 2．（江苏月考）Too much smoking and drinking ________ him greatly，which meant bad living habits had an ______ on his health. A．affect； effect B．affected； effect C．affected； effects D．affect； effects 【答案】B 【解析】考查近义词辨析。句意：抽烟与酗酒严重影响了他，这意味着这种不好的生活方式 影响着他的健康。Affect 是动词，影响； have an effect on 对，，影响，故选 B 项。 考点 : 考查近义词辨析 3．Although her disease her eyesight and forced her to leave the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. A．has affected B．affected C．affects D．had affected 【答案】A 【解析】句意：虽然他的病已经影响了她的视力并迫使她离开了舞台，但是她拒绝自怨自艾。 根据 she refuses to fall into self-pity.可知是对现在的情况进行说明，所以前面的动作 affect 是 过去的事情对现在的影响，forced 是现在分词前面的 has 被省略了。所以选 A。 4．（2019·天津市静海区第四中学）Bad program on TV may have bad _____ on children. A．affect B．effect C．power D．control 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：电视上的不良节目对孩子们有不良影响。A. affect 动词， 影响；B. effect 名词，影响；C. power 名词，力量；D. control 控制。坏的节目对孩子产生坏 的影响，此处应用名词形式作宾语，排除 A 项，故选 B。 完成句子 (1)The amount of rain ______ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。 (2)One of her lungs ____________ a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不 得不休息。 (3)The audience ____________________ by his speech. 听众被他的演讲深深打动了。 【答案】(1)affects(2)is affected(3)were deeply affected 知识点 6．appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢 【归纳拓展】 appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人 appreciate doing sth.感激做某事 one/one's doing sth.感激某人做某事 I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。 【典例 6】 语法填空 1．Han Han wrote several novels, almost all of them_______（appreciate） by teenagers. 【答案】appreciated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意“韩寒写有几部小说，差不多所有的小说都被青少年喜欢。” 逗号后是非谓语部分，novels 和 appreciate 是动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填 appreciated。 【注意】主语是 almost all of them 所以这里不是定语从句。 2．（江苏期末）------ I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. -------I would appreciate _____（help） you. 【答案】it; helping 【解析】考查动词 appreciate 的用法。I’d appreciate it if……为固定用法 ，表示如 果…… 我将感激不尽。appreciate 后应接动名词，表示喜欢做某事。句意为：—— 如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑的话我将感激不尽。——我愿意帮助你。故填 it; helping。 3．（北京市平谷区第五中学期中）I bought her a beautiful bag to show my （appreciate） of all the help she’d given me. 【答案】appreciation 【解析】句意：我给她买了一个漂亮的包来表示我对她对我的帮助的感激。appreciation 感 激。根据所给语境，故填 appreciation。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（北京高三）If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question. A．would appreciate B．would have appreciated C．were to appreciate D．had appreciated 【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有几分钟的空闲时间，我将会珍惜这个机 会再问您一个问题。将来时的虚拟语气中，从句为：if+主语+were to do/should do/动词过去式，主句为：主语+should/would +do，故选 A。 2．With no better way to express feelings of love and _____ , it' s easy to see why students turn to the flower shop on Teachers' Day. A．glory B．inspiration C．appreciation D．guidance 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. glory 光荣；B. inspiration 鼓励；C. appreciation 欣赏；D. guidance 指导；句意：没有更好的办法来表达爱和感激，你会看到很多的学生在教师节那天去花店买 花。根据 it' s easy to see why students turn to the flower shop on Teachers' Day 选 C 项。 3．（浙江高三） I’d appreciate ______ if you can turn the radio down, for my baby is sleeping. A．it B．that C．this D．you 【答案】A 【解析】考查代词。句意：我的宝贝在睡觉，如果您能将收音机关小一些，我将不胜感激。 appreciate，need 等动词后一般不跟宾语从句，但可以将 it 作形式宾语，后再跟宾语从句。 如：I shall appreciate it if you will give me his address 如您将他的地址告诉我，我将不胜感激。 一般 it 不可省略。故 A 正确。 语法填空 1.I'd appreciate if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 2.None of us appreciate fun of in our daily life. 【答案】 1.it 2.being made 完成句子 (1)He highly __________________________.他非常感谢他的帮助。 (2)We shall ___________________________ you again.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。 (3)I really ____________________________ to the party.你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。 (4)I would ______________________ you could help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。 【答案】(1)appreciated his help(2)appreciate hearing from(3)appreciate your coming(4)appreciate it if 知识点 7．succeed v．成功 【归纳拓展】 success n. [U]成功；成就 [C]成功的人或事 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 succeed in doing sth. have success in doing sth. be successful in doing sth.成功做某事 achieve great success 取得巨大的成功 sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事 【典例 7】 语法填空 1．（江苏泰州中学期末）_______（succeed） in remembering 1080 irregular numbers within an hour and 646 poker cards in random, Yan Jiashuo, a 10-year-old girl, earned International Master of Memory. 【答案】Having succeeded 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：10 岁的闫家硕以一小时记忆 1080 个无规律数字、一小时 成功记忆 646 张随机扑克牌的成绩，获得“世界记忆大师”称号，成为世界最小的记忆大师。 成功记忆发生在获奖之前，用完成形式，“成功”和主语“人”是主动关系，用现在分词，故填 Having succeeded。 2． I have always admired Conca for the way he played football and the determination he showed ______（succeed）. 【答案】to succeed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。定语从句 he showed 修饰先行词 the determination，后面用动词不 定式作定语表示目的。句意为：我非常崇拜孔卡踢球的方法以及他所表现出的对成功的决心。 故填 to succeed。 3．The experiment turned out to be a great （succeed）. A．turned out; greatly success B．; C．turned out; greatly successful D．turned up; great success 【答案】success 【解析】句意“那次实验结果证明是一个很大的成功。”turn out to be/as...“结果证明是......”； success 是不可数名词，当指“成功的人或事”时，是可数名词。故填 success。 4． The concert couldn’t be ____（suceess）. It is years since I enjoyed myself in a concert. 【答案】more successful 【解析】考查比较级。句意：这场音乐会没有比这更成功的了。我几年在音乐会上没有这么 高兴了。根据后文 It is years since I enjoyed myself in a concert 可知，这场音乐会非常成功， 本句为 could not +比较级表示最高级的含义，故填 more successful。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（江苏高三）It’s generally believed that the popular South Korean drama Man From the Stars is ________ in creative storylines as in pretty faces and fashion. A．such a successful example B．so successful an example C．as a successful example D．as successful an example 【答案】D 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：流行韩剧《来自星星的你》一般被认为创意的故事情节、漂 亮的面孔和时尚方面都是很成功的例子。so...as...只能用在否定句中，故排除 B 项；如果用 such 的话，as 后面应该是个句子，故不能选 A 项；as + adj. + a(n) + 可数名词单数 + as 像…… 一样，故选 D 项。 2．（湖南高三）Every means _________, but none proved __________. A．have tried; a success B．have been tried; successful C．has tried; to be successful D．has been tried; successful 【答案】D 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：每种办法都被尝试过了，但没有一个证明是成功的。means 是单复数同形的名词，单复数取决于修饰词，这句话 means 用 every 修饰，说明是单数，谓 语用单数，而且 means 和 try 是被动关系，用 has been tried，第二空的 prove 是连系动词， 后面接形容词做表语。故 D 选项正确。 3．Now everyone is concerned about how to conquer the economic crisis _______ is very important for us to be able to preserve our standard of living. A．which success B．its success C．the success of which D．the success of it 【答案】C 【解析】考察从句，根据句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，排除 BD，根据句意可 知，该部分意为，克服经济危机的成功对于保护我们的生活标准是非常重要的。Of which 意 为……的 4．The opening ceremony of the 29th Beijing Olympic Games was _____ that everybody was greatly impressed_____ it. A．a such big success; at B．such a big success; on C．a so big success; by D．so big a success, with 【答案】D 【解析】考查 such 和 so 的区别，so big a success=" such" a big success. Be impressed with 对……印象深刻。 句意为第二十九届北京奥运会的开幕式取得了如此大的成功，以致于每一个人都对之留下深 刻印象。 完成句子 (1)We all _____________________ the mid－term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。 (2)Failure is the mother of __________.失败是成功之母。 (3)He was _________________________ as a novelist. 他是非常成功的小说家。 【答案】(1)succeeded in passing(2)success(3)a success 知识点 8．harm n．& vt.损害；危害 【归纳拓展】 harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to＝do harm to do sb. harm＝do harm to sb.对……有害 There is no harm in doing sth. ＝It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。 【典例 8】 1．（2020·凯里市第三中学期中）Doctors always tell us that drinking too much is ________ （harm）to our health，but some people don’t care. 【答案】harmful 【解析】句意：医生总是告诉我们，喝太多的酒会影响健康，但有些人不在乎。be harmful to sb/sth“对……有害处”。故填 harmful。 2. Freezing winter is harmful _________ orange trees. 【答案】to 【解析】考查固定搭配。be harmful to…对…有害。句意：寒冬不利于橘树的生长。故填 to。 3．Once harm ______（do） to the environment, it takes years to have the system recovered. 【答案】is done 【解析】Once 引导条件状语从句，用一般现在时代替将来时，主句用将来时。句意：一旦 破坏环境的行为被做出，环境系统要花很多年才能恢复。故填 is done。 【变式】 单项选择 1． You'd better give up using that kind of medicine, because it may be ________to your stomach. A．rude B．gentle C．harmful D．limited 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词：A. rude 粗鲁的 B. gentle 温柔的 C. harmful 有害的 D. limited 有限的， 句意：你最好放弃使用那种药，因为可能对你的胃部有害。选 C。 2． The harm the modern farming methods have done the countryside is considerable. A．on B．at C．to D．for 【答案】C 【解析】 考查短语：do harm to 对什么有危害，句意：现代农耕的方法对乡村的危害是值 得考虑的。The harm 为先行词，the modern farming methods have done to 是定语从句，中间 省略了关系代词 that/which,故选 C。 3． Many lifestyle patterns do such _____ great harm to health that they actually speed up _____ weakening of the human body. A．the; a B．不填；a C．the; 不填 D．不填; the 【答案】D 【解析】句意：许多生活方式对健康是如此有害以至于他们实际上加速了人体的衰退。固定 短语：do harm to “对…有害”；而 weakening 因为有介词短语修饰，故用定冠词 the 限制，选 D。 完成句子 (1)The dog seems fierce, but it won’t ______ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。 (2)Fruit juice can ______________________ children’s teeth. 果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。 (3)He may say no, but ___________________________ asking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。 【答案】(1)harm(2)be harmful to(3)there is no harm in 知识点 9．die out 灭亡，逐渐消失 【归纳拓展】 die out 绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失 die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死 die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息 die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来 die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等 die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死 【典例 9】 语法填空 1.Endangered animals may die _____. 【答案】out 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：濒危动物可能会灭绝，die out 灭绝，故填 out。 2． Penicillin became the greatest drug of the 20th century, without which many people would have died ______ sickness or even small wounds. 【答案】from 【解析】句意：盘尼西林是 20 世界最伟大的药物，没有它许多人会死于疾病甚至小的伤口； 没有这种药人们会死于疾病，die from 死于……。故填 from。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（2019·黑龙江鹤岗一中高三开学考试）This kind of plants are_______ .Some day they will_____ forever. A．dying off; die out B．dying away: die off C．dying down; die out D．dying out; die away 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种植物正在相继死去，终有一天它们将会永远灭绝。 A. dying off 相继死去；die out 灭绝；消失；B. dying away（声音、风、光）慢慢变弱；die off 相继死去；C. dying down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息；die out 消失；灭绝；D. dying out 消失；die away（声音、风、光）慢慢变弱。根据句意故选 A。 2． Until the noise of the bus _______ , we were able to hear the program again. A．died from B．died off C．died away D．died out 【答案】C 【解析】考查短语辨析。A 死于；B 相继死去；C 减弱、消失；D 灭绝，句意：直到汽车的 噪音消失，我们才能再次听见节目的声音。故选 C 完成句子 (1) Scientists said that those plants ______ a century ago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝 种了。 (2) Many old customs ___________________________. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。 (3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will ______________.如果暴风雪不停息，牲 畜就要死掉了。 (4)Open the air hole; the fire is ___________________.把气孔打开，火要熄了。 (5)Every winter some old people _______________ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体 温过低。 (6)Nowadays many people ________________ cancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。 【答案】(1)died out(2)are dying out(3)die off(4)dying down(5)die from(6)die of 知识点 10．in danger(of)在危险中；垂危 【归纳拓展】 out of danger 脱离危险 be a danger to sb./sth.对某人/某物是个威胁 dangerous adj.危险的(指事物或人对别人有危险) endanger vt. 危害；危及 endangered adj. 有危险的；濒临灭绝的 拓展：与 in/out of 搭配的短语 in order 有秩序 in sight 看得见 in trouble 在困境中 in line 成行(队) in place 适合/当 in fashion 时尚 out of order 出故障(机器等工作不正常) out of sight 看不见 out of trouble 摆脱困境 out of line 不成一直线 out of place 不合适 out of fashion 过时 【典例 10】 语法填空 1．The situation was ____________（danger）. People were ____________ danger. 【答案】dangerous; in 【解析】句意：情况很危险，人们处于危险中。danger 为名词，意思是“危险（的人或物）”； dangerous 为形容词，意思是“危险的”；in danger 的意思是“处于危险中”。根据句意及选项 可知填 dangerous; in。 2．（石嘴山市第三中学月考）Measures must be taken to prevent the world economy from ________（endanger）. 【答案】being endangered 【解析】句意：必须采取措施来阻止世界经济受到进一步的威胁。take measures 采取措施， prevent sb/sth from doing sth 阻止某人/某物做某事。故填 being endangered。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（2020·陕西西安中学期末） We should do what we can to save those _____ species, including the tiger, an animal which was considered _____ to humans. A．dangerous; endangered B．dangerous; in danger C．endangered; in danger D．endangered; dangerous 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们应当尽我们所能拯救那些濒危的物种，包括老虎，一种被 认为对人类有危险的动物。dangerous;危险的， endangered 濒危的，第一空填 endangered 指 濒危物种，第二空填 dangerous; 表示“对人有危险”。故 D 正确。 2． The tiger, once a _________animal to humans, is now ____ disappearing on the earth. A．dangerous; in danger B．dangerous; in danger of C．in danger; dangerous D．danger; in danger of 【答案】B 【解析】考查 danger 的词性变化和短语。dangerous 是形容词“危险的”；in danger 处于…危 险中；句意：老虎，曾经对人类来说是一种危险的动物，现在正处于危险的情况之中。故 B 正确。 完成句子 (1)The drowned girl was obviously_________________________.很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生 命危在旦夕。 (2)The old house is _________________ collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危险。 (3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _________________.他们在医院得 知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。 【答案】(1)in immediate danger(2)in danger of(3)out of danger 知识点 11．protect...from/against...保护……免受……侵害 【归纳拓展】 defend...from/against...保卫……以抵制…… keep sb. from doing stop sb. (from) doing prevent sb. (from) doing 阻止某人做 提示：(1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如： 敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from。 (2)在 protect...from/against... 结构中，from 和 against 后面常跟 sth.，有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。 (3) 主动句中 prevent/stop...from... 中的 from 可 省 略 ， 在 被 动 句 中 from 不 可 省 略 ， 而 keep...from...中的 from 无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。 【典例 11】 语法填空 1．（江苏海安高级中学单元测试）You’d better put on more clothes to protect yourself ________ the cold weather. 【答案】from 【解析】考场固定词组。句意：你最好多穿一些衣服来保护你自己抵御寒冷的天气。protect sb from sth 意为“保护某人免遭……”。故填 from。 2． Special attention should be paid to _______（protect） our earth from _______（pollute）. 【答案】protecting; being polluted 【解析】句意：我们需要特殊注意保护地球遭受污染。 第一空考查短语 pay attention to doing sth.的用法；第二空考查 protect...from doing sth.的用法.因为 our earth 与 pollute 之间是被动关 系,所以用动名词的被动式，故填 protecting; being polluted。 【变式】 单项选择 1．This is the best way I could think of ______________ into the dangerous area. A．stopped people getting B．to protect people from getting C．to prevent people getting D．keeping people from getting 【答案】B 【解析】这题考查不定式做定语的用法，这里的 to protect people from getting 是定语修饰 theway，而 I could think of 是定语从句，也是修饰 the best way，句意是：这是我认为最好的 保护人们不进入危险地区的方法。选 B。 2． He is wearing sunglasses to _______ his eyes from the strong sunlight . A．protect B．hold C．stop D．prevent 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。Protect …from…保护…免受…伤害；stop/prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事；句意：为了保护眼睛不受强烈的阳光的伤害，他戴着墨镜。故 A 正确。 完成句子 (1)Young plants should be well ______________ the cold. 幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。 (2)The hen ___________ its young ___________ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。 (3)Everyone should take up arms to __________ our country from invasion. 每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。 (4)Nothing can ______ us ______ realizing our dreams. 什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。 【答案】(1)protected from(2)protected；against(3)defend(4)stop from 知识点 12. pay attention to 注意 【归纳拓展】 Attention, please! 请注意！ (演讲用语) (＝May I have your attention, please？) attract/catch/draw/get one's attention to 吸引某人的注意 fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on 将注意力集中于 devote one's attention to 专心致志于 call one's attention to 唤起某人对……的注意 提示：以上短语中的 to、on 都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。 【典例 12】 语法填空 1．（天津高三）Paul could be a very attractive boy but he pays no attention ______ his behaviour. 【答案】to 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：鲍勃是个很有创造力的孩子但他不会注意自己的行为，pay no attention to 对……不注意，故填 to。 2．（福建高三） _____（pay） attention to, the environment of our city has been greatly improved. 【答案】Paid 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们城市的环境被重视定额管理，就会有很大的改善。 Pay attention to 注意，与 the environment 之间是动宾关系，故填 Paid。 【变式】 单项选择 1．（江苏期末） attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) to accidents. A．Drivers not paying; invitation B．Drivers’ not paying; invitation C．Drivers not paying; cause D．Drivers’ not paying; cause 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词和名词。句意：司机不注意周围的交通会引起事故。此处是动名词的否 定形式作主语，且逻辑主语是名词所有格形式，所以第一个空应填 Drivers’ not paying；第二 个空，an invitation to“------的一个邀请”，结合句意此空填 invitation。故选 B。 2．（2019·江苏月考）______ no attention to the difference between the two, I am sure, will be one of the worst mistakes you make. A．Pay B．Paying C．Paid D．Having paid 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意：我相信，不去注意两者之间的区别，将会是你犯的最严 重的错误之一。分析句子可知，此处是动名词作主语，故选 B 项。 完成句子 1.The boy kept trying to (引起他妈妈的注意)but in vain. 2.Look at me carefully and (集中你的注意力于)my movement. 3.Please (请注意)the difference between the two words. 4.She ______________________________ her appearance.她很注重外表。 5.A great deal of attention has been ______________ protecting the environment. 人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。 【答案】 1.attract/catch/draw his mother's attention 2.fix your attention on/upon 3.pay attention to4.paid much attention to 5.paid to 【考点精析】 考点 1 where 引导的定语从句 【教材原句】“Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.”(P26)“请把我带到遥远的地方，在那里我能找到提供毛绒来做这件毛衣的那种动 物。” 【句法分析】where 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰 land。在这个定语从句中，还有一个 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 animal。 【提示】 如果先行词是地点，但关系词在定语从句中不作地点状语，而是作主语或宾语， 则要用关系代词 which 或 that。 【例句研读】 Is this the place where they went hunting last week? 这是他们上周打猎的地方吗？ Have you ever been to Qingdao，where there are beautiful beaches？你去过青岛吗？那里 有美丽的沙滩。 【考点聚焦】where 引导的定语从句 【典例 13】 语法填空 1．（2020·江苏省天一中学高三月考）The company established a platform in 2017 ______ collision experiments can be carried out for railway vehicles. 【答案】where/on which （注意高考中的语法填空只能填 where） 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：2017 年这个公司成立了一个平台，在这里可以实施铁路车 辆的碰撞实验。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词 platform 在从句中充当 地点状语，故用关系副词 where，故填 where/on which。 2．（2020·江苏省苏州中学高三月考）I still can’t believe my eyes when I remember the scene ______ the best player should miss the pass. 【答案】where/in which （注意高考中的语法填空只能填 where） 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当我想起那个场景最好的运动员都错过了传球我仍然不能相 信我的眼睛。分析句子结构可知，空处填地点副词引导定语从句，先行词是 the scene，且先 行词在从句中做地点状语，故用 where 引导定语从句。故填 where/in which。 【变式】 选择题 Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. A．when B．which C．whose D． where 【答案】 D 【解析】 考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词；先行词指地点， 故选 where。 判断下列句子中 where 引导何种从句 ①This is the place where I was born. ②Where there is a will，there is a way. ③Let's start from where we stopped yesterday. 【答案】 ①定语从句 ②状语从句 ③宾语从句 考点 2 as 仿照；像……那样；如……，引导方式状语从句。 【教材原句】It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests．(P26) 这表明保护野生动植物的重要性，但我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助(你们)。 【句法分析】 as 仿照；像……那样；如……，引导方式状语从句。 as 作连词引导的从句： 方式状语从句 译为“按照，正如” 原因状语从句 译为“由于” 让步状语从句 译为“尽管”(从句须倒装) 比较状语从句 译为“像……一样” 时间状语从句 译为“一边……一边……，随着……，当……时候” 【例句研读】 As it was snowing hard，they stopped working. 由于雪下得很大，他们停止了工作。 The school children sang songs as they walked. 小学生们边走边唱歌。 Child as he is，he knows a lot about history. 他虽然是个孩子，但了解很多历史知识。 【考点聚焦】as 仿照；像……那样；如……，引导方式状语从句 【典例 14】 写出下列句子中 as 的含义 ①As it's raining hard，we can't go climbing. ②When in Rome，do as the Romans do. ③It gets warmer as time goes on. ④Try as he might，he failed again. 【答案】 ①因为 ②按照 ③随着 ④尽管 考点 3 with 的复合结构 【教材原句】After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs．(P28) 过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。 【句法分析】本句中的“with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs”是 with 的复合 结构，在句中作后置定语修饰“some zebra”。 【例句研读】 With the meal over，we all went home.吃完了饭，我们都回了家。 She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.她来到了河边，河的两岸长 着红花绿草。 A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.一个掉了两颗门牙的小男孩跑 进了房子里。 With the key lost，he had to wait outside the door.由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。 【考点聚焦】with 的复合结构 【典例 15】 语法填空 1．（2019·黑龙江省哈九中期中）With the thick snow _____（cover） the top of the mountain all the year around, few visitors can get there. 【答案】covering 【解析】考查独立主格。句意：由于山顶终年积雪，很少有游客能到那里去。此处是 with 的复合结构，此处要用非谓语动词，且名词 snow 和 cover 之间是主动关系，因此要用现在 分词形式 covering。 2. （2019·江苏省盐城中学期中）With some infrastructure (基础设施) in Hong Kong __________（damage） due to the riot (骚乱) of some people in the past few months, it has caused inconvenience for average people. 【答案】damaged 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过去几个月，由于香港一些人发生暴动导致部分基础设施 受损，这对普通市民造成不便。该题考查 with 的复合结构，即：with+宾语+宾语补足语。 some infrastructure 和 damage 是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填 damaged。 【变式】 1. （2019·江苏省期中）With a large amount of work ______, the chief manager couldn’t spare time for a holiday. A．remained to be done B．remained being done C．remaining to be done D．remaining to do 【答案】C 【解析】考查 remain 的用法。remain 用法大概有以下几种：一、 用作联系动词，指某人或 某事物仍保持某种状态，意为“仍然；依旧”，“留；呆；住；待”，后面可接名词、代词、形 容词、介词短语、分词作表语。二、用作不及物动词，意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”，此时不 能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。三、指某事“尚待、有待于以后被处置”，后面常接不定式 的被动形式，表示主语是不定式的承受者。四、remain 作名词，表示剩余物。本题前半句为 with的复合结构，宾语为work，应采用remain的第三种用法表示工作仍要被做，此时的remain 不能用被动，句意：大量工作仍要做，经理不能腾出时间度假。故选 C 2．（2018·北京高三期末）With the homework _______, the students can go to have a picnic. A．being done B．done C．doing D．to do 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：做完作业后，学生们就可以去野餐了。此处是 with 的复 合结构，homework 和动词 do 是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句 中作宾补。故选 B。 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①With a lot of difficult problems (settle)，the new president is very busy all day long. ②With his mother (help)him，he is getting along well with his work. ③John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work (finish)，he gladly accepted it. 【答案】 ①to settle ②helping ③finished 考点 4 主语＋be＋形容词＋to do 【教材原句】When scientists inspected the bones，they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.(P30) 科学家们观察他们的骨头时，惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以 爬树。 【句法分析】句中 they were surprised to find 属于“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构。 1.形容词往往是表示心理活动的词，如：surprised，moved，disappointed，pleased， happy，sad，delighted，sorry，interested，glad，worried，eager，anxious，angry 等；2.不 定式作原因状语，表示产生这种心理活动的原因。 【例句研读】 I'm glad to meet you here. 我很高兴在这儿遇见你。 John was surprised to have received such an invitation. 收到这样的邀请，约翰很吃惊。 【典例 16】 完成句子 ①被邀请参加 2010 世界杯的开幕式他很高兴。 He be invited to take part in the opening ceremony of 2010 World Cup. ②发现屋子里空无一人，他们很奇怪。 They find that nobody was in the house. 【答案】 ①was delighted to ②were surprised to 考点 5 the way 后的定语从句 【教材原句】They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.(P30)科学家们是根 据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知的这些。 【句法分析】the bones were joined together 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the way，这里省略 了 that 或 in which。 【例句研读】 I don't like the way(that/in which) he looks at me. 我不喜欢他那种样子看着我。 The way(that/in which)he looks at problems is wrong.他看问题的方式是错误的。 I don't like the way(that/in which)he speaks to his mother.我不喜欢他和他母亲讲话的方 式。 Following the way(that/in which)he told me，I found out the key to the problem soon. 按照他告诉我的方法，我很快弄清了问题的关键。 【典例 17】 翻译句子 ①我不喜欢他用那种方式嘲笑我。 ②这个年轻人处理问题的方式特别奇怪。 【答案】 ①I don't like the way he laughed at me. ②The way the young man deals with problems is quite strange. 考点 6 话题写作—— 保护动物（ 人与自然 ） 【典例 18】 （2020·浙江高三开学考试）假如你是李华，世界自然基金会(WWF)是世界上最大的从事自 然和野生动物保护的国际组织。请你给他们的负责人发一封邮件，指出野生动物面临的危机 并提出建议。内容如下： 1. 野生动物被猎杀的现状； 2. 猎杀野生动物的后果； 3. 自己的建议。 注意：1. 词数 80 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, Learning that many wild animals are being killed and become extinct due to merciless human activities, I’m writing to express great concern and offer you some suggestions. Undoubtedly, hunting wild animals will cause the imbalance of our ecosystem and result in the spread of infectious diseases from animals to human beings. From where I’m standing, never should we have wild animals for food, since they are part of environment. Additionally, the government are supposed to introduce relevant regulations to punish the hunters severely. Sincerely hope you could take my proposals into consideration. Anticipating your prompt reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 这是一篇提纲类写作。 第 1 步：根据提示可知，假如你是李华，世界自然基金会(WWF)是世界上最大的从事自然 和野生动物保护的国际组织。请你给他们的负责人发一封邮件, 指出野生动物面临的危机并 提出建议。内容如下：1. 野生动物被猎杀的现状；2. 猎杀野生动物的后果；3. 自己的建议。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：wild animals (野生动物)；extinct (灭绝)；due to (因为)；imbalance (平衡)等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 应用一般现在时。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【高分句型一】 Since I have learnt that many wild animals are being killed and become extinct due to merciless human activities, I’m writing to express great concern and offer you some suggestions. 由于我了 解到许多野生动物由于人类的残忍活动而被杀害和灭绝，我写信来表达我的深切关注并给你 一些建议。运用 since 引导原因状语从句。 【高分句型二】 I would appreciate it if you could take my proposals into consideration. 如果您能考虑我的建议， 我将不胜感激。运用 it 做形式宾语结构。 【变式】 1. （2020·北京高三）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国好友 Jim 正在准备题为“保 护野生动物”的演讲稿，发来邮件咨询相关信息，请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.野生动物生存现状； 2.保护野生动物的措施。 注意：1.词数不少于 50； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim， I’m glad to hear from you. From your email I have learned that you are preparing for the speech about wildlife protection. I think you choose a good topic and I’d like to share what I know with you. The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller. Some of them are endangered and even dying out. The reasons are as follows. To start with, people have been cutting down trees for building materials, causing some animals to lose their habitats. Besides, to make money, some people have been killing rare wild animals. They use wild animals like elephants, tigers, antelopes and bears to make handicrafts and medicine. Some wild animals are even hunted and killed to satisfy people’s desire to taste new and novel flavor, such as shark fin soup and even bat soup. In my opinion, it’s time that we took immediate measures to change the situation. First, we should not cut down trees without the government’s permission. Instead, we are supposed to plant more trees to protect the animals’ living conditions. At the same time, more nature reserves are expected to be set up. Last but not the least, laws to protect wild animals should be made and the people who kill, sell and buy wild animals should be punished seriously. I believe as long as we take action immediately, we will live in harmony with animals and life will become better. I hope what I said will be of help to you. If you have any questions, please write to me. I’m looking forward to your reply． Yours Li Hua 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。你的英国好友 Jim 正在准备题为“保护野生动物”的演讲稿，发来邮件咨 询相关信息，请就此给他回复邮件。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括: 1.野生动物生存现状；2.保护野生动物的措 施。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题対于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生 有很强的开篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包 括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词 句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。 【点睛】 本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时 运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如: To start with, people have been cutting down trees for building materials, causing some animals to lose their habitats.运用了非谓语动词；Last but not the least, laws to protect wild animals should be made and the people who kill, sell and buy wild animals should be punished seriously.运用了 who 引导的定语从句；From your email I have learned that you are preparing for the speech about wildlife protection.运用了宾语从句。 2. （2020·云南高三）假如你是某英文报社的小记者李华，请你报道你校本周开展的题为“保 护野生动物”的征文活动。内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.征文情况。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 【答案】 This week our school held an essay contest whose theme is protecting wild animals. The purpose of this activity is to raise students’ awareness of caring for wild animals, especially endangered ones. The activity attracted a number of students. A total of 300 articles were received, all of which were submitted through the Internet. There are different styles of essays, including novels, poems, and letters. Some students expressed their great concern for the situation of wild animals, and others put forward a wide variety of measures to protect them. The students have come to realize the importance of protecting wild animals through the activity. 【解析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生报道本校本周开展的题为“保护野生动物”的征文活动。 第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1.写作背景及征文目的（an essay contest; the purpose of） 2.征文情况介绍 1）参与人数（attract a number of students） 2）征文体裁及内容（different styles of essays；express concern for；put forward measures） 3.征文效果（have come to realize） 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） hold an essay; the purpose of; raise sb’s awareness of doing; a total of; express the concern for; put forward; come to realize; the importance of 第三步：连词成句 1. The purpose of this activity is to raise students’ awareness of caring for wild animals, especially endangered ones. 2. A total of 300 articles were received, all of which were submitted through the Internet. 3. Some students expressed their great concern for the situation of wild animals, and others put forward a wide variety of measures to protect them. 4. The students have come to realize the importance of protecting wild animals through the activity. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】 范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关 系。 1.作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如： This week our school held an essay contest whose theme is protecting wild animals.这句话运用 了 whose 引导定语从句修饰先行词 an essay contest。 A total of 300 articles were received, all of which were submitted through the Internet.这句话运 用了介词+which 引导非限制性定语从句。 2.使用了一些固定词组，如 hold an essay; the purpose of; raise sb’s awareness of doing; a total of; express the concern for; put forward; come to realize; the importance of 等。 全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次 分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 3.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Alexis, 17, sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dad’s car. She let her eyes lazily scan the landscape for wildlife. Then a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them. “ Dad, there’s a deer there!” Alexis said, rolling down the window for a better look. It was a male deer with sharp antlers （鹿角） on each side of its head. As the car moved closer, Alexis saw that the deer’s head was bent toward the ground. Then she heard a scream and saw an arm fly up near the deer’s head. Alexis realized the deer was attacking a woman. Sue, a 44-year-olcI mother, had been out for her morning run. The deer followed her and edged （缓慢移动） closer. “ I knew I was in trouble,” says Sue. She went to pick up a stick for self-defense, and the deer attacked her. It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air. Sue felt blood flow down her leg. Within seconds, the deer had pushed her off the road. When Alexis and her father pulled up, the deer was throwing Sue like a doll. Alexis looked into the woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickly out of the car and ran toward the deer. She was kicking and hitting it to get its attention. Then Michael, her father, who had followed his daughter, pushed the deer away from the woman. 注意： 1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1： Alexis immediately helped Sue into the car. ______ Paragraph 2 ： Then she heard her father shout loudly. ______ 【答案】Paragraph 1： Alexis immediately helped Sue into the car. She applied a clean towel from her bag to She’s injured leg, which would help to stop its bleeding. Apparently Sue was too frightened by the accident to let out a word. Alexis talked softly to comfort the terrified woman and thought about how to help her father. Paragraph2： Then she heard her father shout loudly. Michael had been knocked to the ground. Alexis took hold of a hammer from the car and ran to help her father. She beat the deer’s head and neck, but the blows didn’t scare it away. Alexis could see that neck, but her father was struggling to breathe. Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer’s neck with all her strength. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away. Alexis quickly helped her father into the car. Then she got in the driver’s seat and sped toward the nearest hospital. 【解析】 本篇要求考生读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，Alexis 在和父亲去野外的路上遇到鹿袭击 一名叫 Sue 的女性。该女士很害怕而且也受了重伤，Alexis 和父亲见此状停车准备帮忙。 根据要求，续写分为两段。第一段开头是：Alexis 立刻把她拉进车里…，所以此段因该描写 进入车后 Alexis 对 Sue 实施救助的相关情况。第二段开头是：她听到父亲大声呵斥…，所 以本段应该描写父亲赶走鹿的相关情况。 续写时要求使用 5 及以上的关键词给写作增加了难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词，在恰当的时 间加以运用。最后还要注意续写的作文词数应为 150 左右；续写完后，请用下划线标出你所 使用的关键词。按要求完成写作。 【点睛】 本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。例如：apparently apply to/bleed/comfort/scare…away 等；She applied a clean towel from her bag to She’s injured leg, which would help to stop its bleeding.中 which 引导非限制性定语从句；Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer’s neck with all her strength.中使用了现在分词 作状语。 4. （2020·全国测试）下面的图表和漫画反映了世界上野生动物种类的变化情况和原因, 请 根据你对图表和漫画的理解, 用英语写一篇短文。写作要点： 1.描述野生动物种类的变化趋势； 2.分析导致野生动物种类变化的原因； 3.谈谈你对保护野生动物的看法和建议。 注意：1. 可参照图表、漫画及下面文章开头所给的提示进行必要的发挥； 2.词数 100 左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。 Many animals are in danger of dying out. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ 【答案】Many animals are in danger of dying out. As is clearly shown in the chart, the kinds of wild animals have decreased sharply in the past three decades. As a result, there were only 1.5 million left till 2015. There are several reasons for this problem. Apart from the polluted environment and natural disasters, illegal killing is an important reason. Human beings hunt wild animals for big profits, which has resulted in a sharp decrease in the number of wild animals. In my opinion, it is high time that we should take action to protect them and give wild animals a good living environment. In addition, the government should pass more laws to forbid killing wild animals. Only in this way can we live in harmony with wild animals. 【解析】这是一篇图表作文。本篇要求考生根据图表和漫画反应的内容讲述野生动物种类的 变化情况和原因。 第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一， 下面的图表和漫画反映了世界上野生动物种类的变化情况和原因, 请根据你对图表和漫画 的理解, 用英语写一篇短文。写作要点： 1.描述野生动物种类的变化趋势； 2.分析导致野生动物种类变化的原因； 3.谈谈你对保护野生动物的看法和建议。 第二，人称为第三人称。第三，时态为一般现在时。 第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一 段，描述野生动物种类的变化趋势。第二段，分析导致野生动物种类变化的原因。第三段， 谈谈你对保护野生动物的看法和建议。 第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: in danger of ，Apart from，resulted in，take action to do sth， live in harmony with. 第四步：确定较为高级的句子:which 引导的非限制性定语从句 Human beings hunt wild animals for big profits, which has resulted in a sharp decrease in the number of wild animals. 虚 拟语气 In my opinion, it is high time that we should take action to protect them and give wild animals a good living environment.完全倒装句 Only in this way can we live in harmony with wild animals. 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: As a result，In my opinion，In addition. 第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。 【点睛】 本文中的三段式结构符合作文要求，并且各部分衔接自然顺畅，过渡词 as a result, apart from, in addition 等的使用使得文章读起来条理清晰。另外还使用了亮点短语和句式：result in, in my opinion, as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 Human beings hunt wild animals for big profits, which has resulted in a sharp decrease in the number of wild animals. 虚 拟 语 气 it is high time that sb. should do sth.和 Only in this way can we live in harmony with wild animals 位于句 首的倒装句, 使文章增色不少。