2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1

2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1

Earthquakes 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot(虚拟聊天机器人). ‎ Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, the New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice. ‎ ‎“Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice, ” Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis(表情符号)in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported. ‎ Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin‎ ‎University, answering students’ questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users. ‎ These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, the New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况, 列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎, IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问, 但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上, 人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。‎ 9‎ ‎1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? ‎ A. She became a best seller. ‎ B. She became very powerful. ‎ C. She became a money maker. ‎ D. She became very popular. ‎ ‎【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily可知, 她在微信上大受欢迎, 很多中国年轻人都喜欢与她聊天, 故选D。‎ ‎2. Which of the following can Xiaoice do? ‎ A. Do housework. ‎ B. Spread messages. ‎ C. Identify various photos. ‎ D. Read news to her users. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中her ability to identify photos and send emojis可知, 她有能力分辨照片和发送表情符号, 故选C。‎ ‎3. Which company’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant? ‎ A. Microsoft. 　　　　　 B. IBM. ‎ C. Apple. D. Amazon. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant可知, IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问, 故选B。‎ ‎4. What can be learned from the last paragraph? ‎ A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon. ‎ B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now. ‎ C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film. ‎ D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, 可知, 人们期待这些程序除了应用在智能手机上, 也能应用在电视、汽车、起居室等地, 所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上, 故选B。‎ 9‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．I ________ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.‎ 答案：was trapped　be trapped in “被困在……”。‎ ‎2．After she heard the news, there was an excited ________ (express) on her face.‎ 答案：expression　由空前的“an excited”可知，应填名词 expression “表情”。‎ ‎3．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings ________ (destroy)．‎ 答案：were destroyed　动词destroy “毁灭；毁掉”，此处表被动，且指过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．The meeting came to ________ end and he set down many key points.‎ 答案：an　come to an end “结束”。‎ ‎5．Don't forget to praise them ________ (sincere) when someone does something good.‎ 答案：sincerely　副词 sincerely “真诚地”，在此处修饰动词praise。‎ ‎6．He was replaced by another midfielder because of his ________ (injure)．‎ 答案：injury　由空前的his可知，应填名词injury “受伤；伤害”。‎ ‎7．Thank you for your letter conveying ________ (congratulate) on my appointment.‎ 答案：congratulations　由空前的现在分词conveying可知，应填名词。congratulation “祝贺”，且常用复数形式。‎ ‎8．The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans ________ (shock)．‎ 答案：shocked　此处形容词shocked “感到震惊的”作宾语补足语。‎ ‎9．The government thinks ________ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.‎ 答案：highly　think highly of “高度评价……”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎10．In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter ________ the rain.‎ 答案：from　shelter from the rain “躲雨”。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first ___1___, they were like newborn babies, unable to use this ___2___ tool. Yet once language developed, ‎ 9‎ the possibilities for humankind’s future ___3___ and cultural growth increased. ‎ Many linguists believe that evolution is ___4___ for our ability to produce and use language. They ___5___ that our highly evolved brain provides us ___6___ an innate language ability not found in lower ___7___. Proponents(支持者)of this innateness(天赋)theory say that our ___8___ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, ___9___ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical ___10___ times for language development. ‎ Current ___11___ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. ___12___ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in ___13___ grades. ‎ Young children often can learn several languages by being ___14___ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the ___15___ of their first language have become firmly fixed. ___16___ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been ___17___ from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that ___18___ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language___19___ than any innate capacities. ‎ These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. ___20___, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.‎ ‎1. A. generated B. evolved C. born D. combined ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。‎ 9‎ evolved逐渐发展进化，符合题意。generated生殖，发展；born (bear的过去分词)不能作谓语动词；combined联合，结合。‎ ‎2. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable珍贵的；appropriate合适的，适当的；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。‎ ‎3. A. achievements B. convenience C. entertainments D. appearance ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】此处意思是：语言的发展增加了人类取得未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。achievements成就；convenience方便；entertainments娱乐；appearance外观，外貌。‎ ‎4. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语be responsible for对……负责，是……的原由。其它选项不与for搭配。‎ ‎5. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince ‎【答案】C ‎6. A. for B. from C. of D. with ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】固定搭配provide sb. with sth.意为“向(人)提供(物)”。 ‎ 9‎ 句意：他们断言，我们高度发达的大脑，为我们提供了一种天生的、还没有在低等生物体身上发现的语言能力。‎ ‎7. A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据上文的叙述，显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。‎ ‎8. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. contribution ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】此句意思是：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜力；performance履行；preference偏爱；contribution贡献。‎ ‎9. A. as B. just as C. like D. unlike ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】此句句意是：语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as (作为，当作)合乎题意。like作为介词的意思是“像……一样”。 ‎ ‎10. A. consistent B. biological C. social D. psychological ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】此句句意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的；consistent一致的；social社会的；psychological心理的。‎ ‎11. A. reviews B. reference C. reaction D. recommendation ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论；reference参考；reaction反应；recommendation推荐。‎ ‎12. A. In a word B. In a sense C. Indeed D. ‎ 9‎ In conclusion ‎【答案】C ‎13. A. unique B. different C. the higher D. the lower ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】此处意思是：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易，根据常识(低年级学外语较容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以选定答案。‎ ‎14. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接触到。reveal(显露)sth.to sb，不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engage in从事；be involved in参与。‎ ‎15. A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】此句意思是：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rules规则，规律；regulations规定；formations构成，构造；constitutions宪法，章程。‎ ‎16. A. Although B. Whether C. Since D. When ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】分析上下文的逻辑关系，应为让步关系。句意：虽然语言的一些因素是天生的这无可争辩，但语言却不能脱离实际而自动发展。‎ ‎17. A. distinguished B. difficult C. protected D. isolated ‎【答案】D 9‎ ‎【解析】此句句意为：与人隔绝的儿童是不能掌握好一门语言的。isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的；distinguished区别的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保护的。‎ ‎18. A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction ‎【答案】D ‎19. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. access ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】根据分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分别指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的language development。也就是说，language acquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏，感激；requirement要求；access入口，通路，路径。‎ ‎20. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. As a whole ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行为)”。in other words换言之，换句话说；as a result结果是；after all毕竟；as a whole总的来说，总体上看。这些语言学家视语言为一种模仿的学习性行为。也就是说，孩子通过模仿父母的语言来进行学习。父母们通过鼓励准确的模仿和改正不正确的模仿，逐渐塑造了他们的孩子的语言技能。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．The stone was so heavy for him to move, so he called his friends to help.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：第一个so→too　too ... to do “太……而不能”。‎ ‎2．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the book in her hands.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 9‎ 答案：buried→burying　此处burying是现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎3．Judged from his appearance, he seems to be rich.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Judged→Judging　judging from ... “由……来判断”。‎ ‎4．I think there are the number of opportunities to get more energy.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：the→a　a number of opportunities “许多机会”。‎ ‎5．The news that Donald Trump was elected President of the USA made the whole world extreme shocked.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：extreme→extremely　extremely副词“极其，非常”，此处修饰形容词shocked。‎ 9‎