人教初中英语七年级下知识点讲解

人教初中英语七年级下知识点讲解

七下1-12单元必背句子与词组 Unit1 Where’s your pen pal from? ‎ ‎1. --你的笔友来自哪里? -- Where is your pen pal from? (★无“实义动词come, 用is/are”)‎ ‎--他来自加拿大。-- He/She is from Canada.‎ 同义句：-- Where does your pen pal come from? (★有“实义动词come, 用do/does”)‎ ‎-- He/She comes from Canada.‎ ‎★来自：be from = come from 练：They’re _______ Australia, a beautiful country.‎ A. come from B. comes from C. from D. for ‎2. --你的笔友来自加拿大吗？-- Is your pen pal from Canada? (用法同上)‎ ‎--是的。-- Yes, he/she is.‎ 同义句：-- Does your pen pal come from Canada? (用法同上) -- Yes, he/she does.‎ ‎3. 他来自澳大利亚：He is from Australia. 他是澳大利亚人：He is Australian.‎ ‎4. --你的笔友住在哪里？-- Where does your pen pal live? ‎ ‎--他住在多伦多。-- He/She lives in Toronto.‎ 居住在某地：live in sp ‎ 与…某人一起生活：live with sb ‎ 练：-- When _____ the girl _____ her homework? -- In the evening.‎ A. does, does B. does, do C. is, do D. is, does ‎-- _______ your sister have a pen pal? Yes, she _______.‎ A. Is, is B. Does, do C. Can, can D. Does, does ‎-- Ling Tao is a Chinese, but now he _______ in the UK.‎ A. live B. is C. is from D. comes from ‎5. --你的笔友说什么语言？-- What language does your pen pal speak?‎ ‎--他说英语。-- He/She speaks English.‎ 说某种语言：speak+语言； ‎ 其他用法：speak a little+语言；‎ speak in+语言； ‎ 用某种语言说某东西：say sth in+语言；‎ 对某人说：say to sb ‎ 告诉某人：tell sb sth=tell sth to sb ‎ tell sb about sth ‎ tell sb to do sth ‎ tell sb not to do sth ‎ tell a lie/story/joke 撒谎、讲故事、开玩笑 练：My new pen pal ________ me that he can ________ Chinese but only a little.‎ I can’t ________ French, but I can ________ it in English.‎ ‎6. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去看电影：I like going to the movies with my friends.‎ ‎① 句型：喜欢做某事：like doing sth = like to do sth ‎ ‎② 去看电影：go to the movies ‎ ２０‎ ‎③ 看电影：see a movie ‎7. 写信给某人：write to sb = write a letter to sb ‎ 互相写信：write to each other ‎ 互相写电子邮件：write e-mails to each other ‎8. 一部动作电影：an action movie ‎9. 告诉我关于你自己：tell me about yourself 讲故事：tell a story ‎ 讲故事给某人听：tell a story to sb ‎10. 在周末：on weekends ‎ 在平时：on the weekdays ‎11. 相似单词比较：(1) 信：letter 一点：little ‎ ‎(2) 法国：France 法语：French ‎12. (1) like v. 喜欢； 如：He likes reading. ‎ ‎(2) like prep. 像； 如：He looks like his mother.‎ ‎13. (1) country n. 国家； 如：There are many countries in the world. ‎ ‎(2) country n. 乡村；如：乡村音乐：country music He lives in the country.‎ ‎14. (1) from perp. 来自； 如：My pen pal is from Canada. ‎ ‎(2) from prep. 从； 如：Let’s read from the beginning of this book. Unit2 Where’s the post office? (ok)‎ Unit2 Where is the post office?‎ ‎1. 问路：(1) Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?‎ ‎(2) Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the post office?‎ ‎2. --这儿附近有一个邮局吗？-- Is there a post office near here?‎ ‎--是的。-- Yes, there is. (否定：No, there isn’t.)‎ ‎① there be翻译为“某地有（某物或某人）”，不能拆开翻译。 ‎ 用法：★There is+单数/不可数；There are+复数； ‎ ‎② 在附近：near here = in the neighborhood ‎3. –邮局在哪里？-- Where is the post office?‎ ‎--它在第五大街上。-- It’s on Fifth Avenue. (第五：用序数词fifth，★中间不加the) 在…街上：介词用on ‎4. 它在沿大桥街右侧：It’s down Bridge Street on the right. 沿…街左侧：down…street on the left ‎5. ★散步通过花园：Take a walk through the park. (through: 指“穿过park的内部”)‎ ‎6. ★在宾馆旁边是一间有着漂亮花园的小房子：Next to the hotel is a small house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has)‎ ２０‎ ‎7. 我爸爸很享受散步的乐趣：My father enjoys taking a walk very much.‎ ‎① 句型：★享受做某事的乐趣：enjoy doing sth ‎ ‎② 散步：take a walk ‎ 去散步：go for a walk ‎ ‎③ 走着去某地：walk to sp = go to sp on foot ‎8. 这是花园之旅的开始：This is the beginning of the garden.‎ ‎① 开始，开端：beginning 如：Let’s read from the beginning of this book. ‎ ‎② 在…的开端：★ at the beginning of…‎ ‎9. ★大桥街是一个很好玩的地方：Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.‎ ‎10. ★让我告诉你去我家的路：Let me tell you the way to my house.‎ ‎① 去某地的路：the way to sp. ‎ ‎② 在某人去某地的路上：on one’s way to sp. home, there, here前的介词“to”要省略, 如： on one’s way home ‎③ 做某事的好方法：a good way to do sth ２０‎ ‎11.比较：(1) in front of…在(外部)的前面；‎ 如：There is a big tree in front of my house.‎ ‎(2) in the front of…在(内部)的前面； ‎ 如：The teacher is in the front of classroom.‎ 比较：（表示“位置”）在…前面：in front of… 在…后面：behind…‎ ‎（表示“时间”）在…之前：before… 在…之后：after…‎ ２０‎ ‎12. 在左边/右边：on the left/right. 在…左边/右边：on the left/right of…‎ ‎13. ★笔直走：go straight ‎ 沿着…街（路）走：go down…Street/Road ‎ ‎（两者合并）沿着…街（路）笔直走：go straight down…Street/Road ‎14. 向左转：turn left ‎ 向右转：turn right ‎ 掉头：turn around ‎15. 玩得(很)高兴：have a good time = have (great) fun ‎ 句型：很高兴做某事：★ have (great) fun doing sth ‎16. 打的：take a taxi ‎ 打的去某地：take a taxi to sp = go to sp by taxi ‎ 乘公交车：take a bus ‎ 乘公交车去某地：take a bus to sp = go to sp by bus ‎17. ★我希望你过一个愉快的旅途：I hope you have a good trip. ‎ 对于别人的赞美与祝愿，回答用“Thanks, Thank you”来表示“感谢”‎ ‎18. 到达某地方：(1) arrive in+大地方； arrive at+小地方；‎ ‎(2) arrive单独使用；如：When he arrives, the class is over.‎ ‎(3) get to+地方；到家：get home 到达那里：get there 到达这里：get here ‎19. 穿过：(1) ★从表面穿过：across 穿过马路：walk acorss the road 了 ‎ ２０‎ ‎(2) ★从内部穿过：through 穿过公园：walk through the park ‎20. 在…上面：(1) on (指“表面接触”) 如：There is a book on the desk. ‎ ‎(2) over (指“表面不接触”，悬空) 如：There is a bridge over the river.‎ ‎21. 不定冠词a/an与定冠词the的选择使用——看“翻译”。 ‎ ‎ (1) 翻译为“一…”，用a/an； ‎ ‎ (2) 翻译为“这…”或“不需要翻译”，用the；‎ 如：(1) There is ______ old man next to ______ post office. ‎ ‎(2) – Do you know ______ London? -- Of course. It’s in _____ United Kingdom.‎ ‎22. (1) straight adv. 笔直地； 如：Go down straight and turn left. ‎ ‎(2) straight adj. 直的； 如：He has short straight black hair.‎ ‎23. (1) turn v. 转弯； 如：向后转：Turn around. ‎ ‎(2) turn n. 轮到某人的一次机会； 如：It’s your turn to tell a story.‎ ‎24. (1) left n. 左边； 如：Turn left. ‎ ‎(2) left v. 离开leave的过去式； 如：He left home early yesterday.‎ ‎25. (1) right n. 右边； 如：The post office is on your right. ‎ ‎(2) right adj. 正确的； 如：Which one is right?‎ ‎26. (1) down adv. 向下； 如：Sit down, please. ‎ ‎(2) down prep. 沿着； 如：The post office is down Bridge Street on the right.‎ ‎27. (1) open v. 打开；如： The shop opens at seven o’clock am. ‎ ‎(2) open adj. 开着的；营业中的； 如：The shop is open for 24 hours a day.‎ ‎28. (1) clean v. 打扫； 如：We clean the classroom every day. ‎ ‎(2) clean adj. 干净的； 如：Our classroom is very clean.‎ ‎29. (1) if 如果； 如：If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. ‎ ‎(2) if 是否； 如：I don’t know if he will come.‎ ‎30. (1) visit=see v. 参观，访问； ‎ ‎(2) visit n. 看望，拜访；pay a visit to sp/sb Unit3 Why do you like koalas? ‎ ‎1. –让我们先去看考拉。-- Let’s see the koalas first. (first翻译为“首先”， ★去看什么样的动物，记得动物后面要加-s/-es)‎ ‎–你为什么最喜欢考拉？-- Why do you like koalas best? (best翻译为“最”)‎ ‎--因为它们很可爱。-- Because they are very cute.‎ 句型：让某人做某事：let sb do sth (★let后面接动词原形)‎ ‎2. –你为什么不喜欢老虎？-- Why don’t you like tigers（加-s/-es）?‎ ‎--因为它们有点吓人。-- Because they are kind of scary.‎ ２０‎ ‎① 在此处，表示“不”，只要在do后加not即可。 ‎ ‎② 有点…：kind of+形容词 = a little+形容词 ‎3. ★你还喜欢别的什么动物？ What other animals do you like? (后有animals, other不加s)‎ ‎★你喜欢和别的年轻人工作吗？ Do you like to work with other young people?‎ This isn’t my sweater. It’s __________ (you). ‎ Are all these children __________ (you)?‎ ‎4. 他是一个8岁的男孩：He is an 8-year-old boy. (后有名词boy, 用连字符，year用原形)‎ 他8岁：He is 8 years old. (后无名词boy, 不用连字符，岁数大于1，year变复数)‎ ‎5. 请保持安静：Please be quiet. = Please keep quiet. (keep译为“保持”，= be)‎ ‎6. 他每天通常睡和放松20个小时：He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.‎ 每天：every day (要分开) 连在一起的everyday翻译为“日常的”，是个形容词。‎ ‎7. 和某人玩：play with sb ‎ ‎8. 在白天：during the day = in the day 在此处，during = in ‎9. 在晚上：at night = in the evening ‎ 在上学的晚上/白天：on school nights/days ‎10. 吃草：eat grass ‎ 吃叶子：eat leaves (★leaf的复数形式：leaves) ‎ 吃肉：eat meat ‎11. 相似单词比较：(1) 草：grass (不可数，无复数) ‎ ‎(2) 玻璃：glass 复数：glasses 眼镜， ★一副眼镜： a pair of glasses ‎12. 汉语：因为…，所以… 英语：because…, so… (不能同时出现在一个句子中)‎ 汉语：虽然…，但是… 英语：though…, but… (只能使用其中一个)‎ 如：_______ Tom is tired, _______ he wants to have a food rest.‎ A. Because, so B. Though, but C. /, so D. /, but ‎13. (1) first num. 第一； 如：Sunday is the first day of a week. ‎ ‎(2) first adv. 首先；首先：at first 如：Let’s see the koalas first.‎ ‎14. (1) best adv. 最； 如：Why do you like koalas best? ‎ ‎(2) best adj. 最好的； 如：Who do you think is the best teacher in your class?‎ ‎15. (1) very adv. 非常（放在形容词前）； 如：The koalas are very cute. ‎ ‎(2) very much 非常（放在动词后）； 如：Thank you very much.‎ ‎16. (1) kind(s) of n. 种类； 如：There are many kinds of anmals in the zoo. ‎ What kind of noodles would you like?‎ ‎(2) kind of = a little adv. 有点；（无形式变化） 如：He is kind of lazy.‎ ‎(3) kind adj. 和蔼的，友善的； 如：It’s kind of you to help me with my English.‎ ２０‎ ‎17. ★树叶：leaf 复数：leaves 变化规则：去f加ves;‎ ‎18. ★小偷：thief 复数：thieves 变化规则：去f加ves.‎ Unit4 I want to be an actor.‎ ‎1. ★–你是干什么的？-- What do you do? --我是一名医生。-- I’m a doctor.‎ 询问“职业”的另两种问法：① What’s your job? ‎ ‎② What are you?‎ ‎2. –你在哪里工作？-- Where do you work? --我在医院工作。-- I work in a hospital.‎ ‎3. ★ –你长大时想成为什么？-- What do you want to be when you grow up?‎ ‎--我想成为一名演员。-- I want to be an actor because it’s interesting.‎ be动词：可译为“是”或“成为”，这里是“成为”的意思。‎ 练：-- What do you want to _______, Susan? -- A reporter. (082七下期末考)‎ A. be B. do C. have D. make ‎4. ★人们把他们的钱给我或者从我这里拿走他们的钱：‎ People give me their money or get their money from me.‎ 词组：把某东西给某人：give sb sth = give sth to sb 词组：从某人处得到某东西：get sth from sb ‎5. ★我们有一份当服务员的工作给你： We have a job for you as a waiter.‎ ‎6. ★你想为杂志社写故事吗？ Do you want to write stories for a magazine?‎ ‎7. ★你想参加学校戏剧吗？ Do you want to be in the school play?‎ 此处的be in意思是“参加”，等于join。‎ ‎8. ★我们是一所专为5到12的儿童开设的国际学校：We are an international school for children of 5-12.‎ ‎9. ★我们想要一个体育老师教足球：We want a P.E. teacher to teach soccer.‎ 句型：想要某人做某事：want sb to do sth ‎10. ★我们从星期一到星期五上学：We go to school from Monday to Friday.‎ ‎11. 工作很迟：work late ‎ 努力工作：work hard ‎ 努力学习：study hard ‎12. 穿制服：wear a uniform ‎ 穿校服：wear a school uniform ‎13. ★打某人的电话：call sb at+telephone number ‎14. ★与某人讲话(单方面)：talk to sb ‎ ２０‎ ‎★谈论某事：talk about sth What are you talking about?‎ ‎★与某人讲话(互相)：talk with sb Who are you talking with?‎ ‎15. “有定冠词”与“没有定冠词”的区别：‎ ‎(1) 去上学：go to school ‎ 去学校：go to the school (不一定是去上学，可能是去工作或有事)‎ ‎(2) 住院：in hospital ‎ 在医院里：in the hospital （不一定是住院，可能是在医院工作或在医院有事）‎ ‎16. ★句型：擅长于做某事：be good at doing sth （介词at后面一定要用动词的-ing形式）‎ ‎17. ★关于做题时“名词”加“的”与“代词”加“的”：‎ ‎(1) 翻译句子，看有“的”与无“的”时句子意思是否通顺。 ‎ ‎(2) 如果需要加“的”，则作出相应变化。‎ ‎(3) 如何加 ’s ？ ① 不以s结尾的加 ’s ； ② 以s结尾的只加 ’ 。‎ 练：(1) My __________ (grandmother) home is on Market Street. ‎ ‎(2) They are the __________ (twin) bedrooms.‎ ‎(3) I think they are __________ (他们) friends. ‎ ‎(4) we are eating dinner at my __________ (grandparent) home.‎ ‎(5) Please write and tell me about __________ (你) school. ‎ ‎(6) This office is for __________ (我们) English teacheer.‎ ‎18. (1) when adv. 什么时候；如：When does Linda get up every day? ‎ ‎(2) when adv. 当…时；如：What do you want to be when you grow up?‎ ‎19. (1) or 或者； 如：People give their money to me or get their money from me.‎ ‎(2) or 还是； 如：Which one do you like, this one or that one?‎ ‎20. (1) call v. 打(电话)； If you have an idea, please call me.‎ ‎(2) call v. 叫； 如：You can call me Tom.‎ ‎(3) call v. (大声)叫喊； 如：The boy calls, “Where is the basketball?”‎ ‎21. (1) play v. 玩，打 如：She likes to play with her friends.‎ ‎(2) play n. 戏剧； 如：Do you want to be in the school play?(be in = join 参加)‎ ‎22. 音乐：music 音乐家：musician ‎23. 故事：story 复数：stories 变化规则：去y加ies;‎ ‎24. 不规则可数名词变复数：‎ ‎(1) 男警察：policeman 复数：policemen ‎ ‎(2) 女警察：policewoman 复数：policewomen ‎ ‎(3) 孩子：child 复数：children ‎25. 单词辨析：(1) 新闻，消息：news (不可数) ‎ ‎(2) 纸：paper (不可数) ‎ ‎(3) 报纸：newspaper (可数，复数为newspapers)‎ ２０‎ Unit5 I’m watching TV ‎1. ★★现在进行时的结构：主语+be+Ving. (be动词和动词+ing两者缺一不可)‎ 考题形式：(1) 已知be动词，考后面的动词形式（要加ing）； ‎ ‎(2) 已知后面的动词+ing, 则前面用be动词。‎ 如：(1) The boy is _________ (run) with his father. ‎ ‎(2) Some children are __________ (lie) on the grass.‎ ‎(3) My brother and I are __________ (play) soccer. ‎ ‎(4) His sister is __________ (read) a book.‎ ‎2. --你正在做什么？-- What are you doing? --我正在看电视。-- I’m watching TV.‎ ‎3. 那听起来很棒：That sounds great/good.‎ ‎4. ★谢谢你的信和照片：Thanks for your letter and the photos.‎ ‎① 谢谢某东西：Thanks for sth ‎ ‎② 句型：谢谢做某事：Thanks for doing sth （介词for后面接动词的-ing形式）‎ ‎5. 这是我的一些照片：Here are some of my photos. (“一些照片”是“复数”，be用are)‎ 这是我的一张全家福照片：Here is a photo of my family. (“一张照片”是“单数”，be用is)‎ ‎★Here be 句型中，用is还是are取决于be动词后面的名词是单数还是复数，是可数还是不可数；‎ 单数和不可数一律用is，复数用are ‎6. ★句型：忙于做某事：be busy doing sth （★后面的动词用-ing形式）‎ 如：His brother is busy _________ (write) stories in his room.‎ ‎7. 表示“活动”的“动词词组”‎ ‎① 做家庭作业：do one’s homework ‎ ‎② 打扫房间：clean the room ‎③ 吃晚饭：eat dinner ‎ ‎④★打电话：talk on the phone = make a telephone call ‎⑤ 看书/看报/看杂志：read books, read newspapers, read magazines ‎⑥ (学生)上课：have an English class ‎ ‎(老师)上课：give an English class ‎⑦ 举行晚会：have an evening party ‎ ‎⑧ 和某人说再见：say goodbye to sb ‎8. 在购物中心：at the mall ‎ 在游泳池：at the (swimming) pool 在学校：at school ‎ 在体育馆里：in the gym ‎9. 在第一张照片中： in the first photo ‎ 在第二张照片中： in the second photo 在下一张照片中： ★ in the next photo ‎ 在最后一张照片中： in the last photo ‎ ‎10. 等汽车：wait for the bus ‎ ２０‎ 在汽车站等(某人)：wait (for sb) at the bus stop ‎11. 我的兄弟和我：my brother and I (要把“我”放在后面)‎ ‎ 你我他： you, he and I ‎12. ★(身体)好，健康：well = fine 如：-- How is your mother? -- She is _______.‎ ‎13. 活动：activity 复数：activities (以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y加ies)‎ 玩具：toy 复数：toys (以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加s)‎ ‎14. (1) 也：also 用于“肯定句的句中”；‎ ‎(2) 也：too 用于“肯定句的句末，前加逗号”；‎ ‎(3) 也：either 用于“否定句的句末，前加逗号”。‎ ‎15. (1) show n. 节目； 如：TV show, sports show, game show, talk show ‎(2) show v. 给…看；如：Can you show me your family photo? ‎ I’ll show you the way.‎ ‎(3) show v. 表演； 如：Can you show us Beijing Opear?‎ Unit6 It’s raining!‎ ‎1. ★–今天北京的天气怎么样？-- How’s the weather in Beijing today? (无like用How)‎ ‎--是晴天。-- It’s sunny. (其他天气：windy, cloudy, sunny=fine=nice, rainy=raining, snowy= snowing)‎ 同义句：-- What’s the weather like today? (有like用What)‎ ‎-- It’s sunny. (其他天气：warm, hot, cool, cold, dry, humid)‎ 练：We don’t know _______ the weather will be tomorrow.‎ A. how B. what C. how’s D. what’s ‎2. ★--你最近过得怎么样？-- How’s it going with you?‎ ‎--相当好：Pretty good. ‎ 很棒：Great. ‎ 还不错：Not bad.‎ 一般般：Just so so. ‎ 很糟糕：Terrible.‎ ‎★3. (1) 在夏天天是多雨的。It’s rainy in summer. (it后有be动词is, 后面用形容词rainy)‎ ‎(2) 在夏天天经常下雨。It often rains in summer. (it后无be动词is, 后面用动词rains)‎ ‎(3) 现在正在下雨：It’s raining now. (is和动词ing构成“现在进行时”)‎ 相同用法的词还有snowy, snows.‎ 练：(1) What do you do when it ______? A. rain B. rainy C. raining D. is rainy ‎(2) It’s __________ (rain) heavily in Harbin now.‎ ‎(3) The radio says it will be __________ (rain) tomorrow.‎ ‎(4) – How’s the weather on Sunday? -- ________. A. It’s rain B. It’s raining C. It’s rains D. It rainy ‎4. 谢谢你参加中央电视台“环游世界”节目。‎ ‎★ Thank you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show. (★介词for后的动词用-ing形式)‎ ２０‎ ‎★句型：感谢你做某事：Thank you for doing sth ‎★5. 有许多人正躺在沙滩上：There are many people lying on the beach.‎ ‎① 句型：有某人正在做某事：There be sb doing sth ‎② 躺在沙滩上：lie on the beach (lie加ing的规则：将ie变成y, 再加ing)‎ ‎6. 一些正在拍照，另外的正躺在沙滩上。‎ ‎★Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.‎ ‎(1) 一些…，另一些…（复数）：some…, others…‎ ‎(2) 一个…，另一个…（单数）：one…, the other…‎ ‎7. 他们看起来很酷： They look cool. ‎ 他看起来很酷： ★ He looks cool.‎ ‎8. ★电话用语：(1) 你是谁？ Who’s that? 不能用：Who are you?‎ ‎(2) 你是某某吗？ Is that…? 不能用：Are you…?‎ ‎(3) 是某某在说话吗？ Is that … speaking? 回答用：Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.‎ ‎(4) 我是某某： This is…. 不能用：I’m ….‎ ‎(5) 是某某在说话：This is … speaking.‎ ‎9. 句型：做完某事：finish doing sth 如：He finishes reading a book about science.‎ 完成某事：finish sth He finishes his homework at home every day.‎ ‎10. 句型：为了做某事：in order to do sth 跟在to后面的动词用原形。‎ ‎11. 与look有关的词组：‎ ‎(1) 看着某人/某东西：look at sb/sth ‎ ‎(2) 寻找某人/某东西：look for sb/sth ‎ ‎(3) 照顾某人/某东西：look after sb/sth ‎ ‎(4) 看起来像某人/某东西：look like sb/sth ‎ ‎(5) 小心：look out ‎ ‎(6) 朝…外面看：look out of… 如：朝窗外看：look out of the windows ‎12. 与“人”有关的形容词+ed 如：relaxed, surprised, interested, excited ‎ 与“物”有关的形容词+ing 如：relaxing, surprising, interesting, exciting 练：(1) The teacher is __________ (surprise) at the news. ‎ ‎ (2) I’m having a good time and __________ (relax).‎ ‎13. 烧饭（总称）：cook meals ‎ 烧早饭(中饭，晚饭)：cook breakfast/lunch/dinner ‎14. 在度假：on vacation ‎ 度假：have a vacation ‎15. 拍照片：(单数) take a photo ‎ ‎(复数) take photos ‎16. 打沙滩排球：play beach volleyball ２０‎ ‎17. ★在这种热度下：in this heat ‎18. 围围巾：(单数) wear a scarf ‎ ‎(复数) wear scarves ‎19. （天气）晴朗的：sunny = fine = nice 如：Today is sunny. = Today is fine. = Today is nice.‎ ‎20. 学习：study 三单：studies (以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y加ies) ‎ 海滩：beach 复数：beaches (以s, x, ch, sh结尾的，加es)‎ Unit7 What does he look like?‎ 对“外表”提问 ‎★1. –他看起来长得怎么样？-- What does he look like? (有look，用does/do)‎ ‎--他很高，而且他有短的卷头发。-- He is very tall, and he has short curly hair.‎ ‎① 同义句：-- What is he like? (只有like，用is) (用is，like翻译问“像”)‎ 区别： -- What does he like? 他喜欢什么？(用does，like翻译为“喜欢”)‎ ‎② 区别比较：(1) 他是中等高度/身材：He is of medium height/build. (是of, 前用be动词)‎ ‎(2) 他有中等高度/身材：He has a medium height/build. (是a, 前用have/has)‎ ‎★2. 她有一点点胖：She is a little bit heavy. (heavy是形容词，前用be动词)‎ ‎①一点点+形容词：a little bit+形容词 = a little+形容词 = a bit+形容词； ‎ ‎②一点点+名词：a little+名词 = a bit of+名词；‎ 如：His hair is a little long. = His hair is a bit long. ‎ He can speak a little English. = He can speak a bit of English.‎ ‎3. ①. They are talking about the tall boy with curly hair. (with翻译为“带有，具有”，表某种特征或性质) ‎ ‎(句中已经有了动词talking about，表达“有着”不能再用动词has)‎ ‎②. 比较：The tall boy has curly hair. (无They are talking about, 表达“有着”用动词has)‎ 练：(1) Jim lives in a small house _________ (有着) an interesting garden.‎ ‎(2) Do you remember John, a pop singer __________ (戴着) funny glasses?‎ ‎(3) Do you know the tall man _________ (有着) a big nose?‎ ‎★4. 她从不停止讲话：She never stops talking.‎ ‎① 句型：停止做某事：stop doing sth ‎② 句型：停下来去做某事：stop to do sth 练：(1) Class is over. Let’s stop ___________ (have) a rest. ‎ ‎(2) The teacher is coming. Let’s stop __________ (talk).‎ ‎(3) – I feel tired and sleepy. – Why not stop __________ (relax)? ‎ ‎(4) If you’re tired, you can stop _________ (work).‎ ‎(5) Stop _________ (talk). Listen to me, please.‎ ‎★5. 他不再戴眼镜了：He doesn’t wear glasses any more.‎ 词组：不再…：not…any more ‎ ‎ 词组：戴眼镜：wear glasses ‎ 穿一条红色的裙子：wear a red dress 穿着某种颜色的衣服：in+颜色 如：Do you know the boy in black?‎ ２０‎ ‎6. 没有人知道我：Nobody knows me.‎ ‎★语法：someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody均为“不定代词”，表示“三单”，与之搭配使用的动词也要变“三单”。‎ 如：(1) Everyone in my class __________ (know) this smart teacher.‎ ‎(2) Do you think everyone __________ (enjoy) their weekends?‎ ‎(3) Everyone in our class _______ the weekend.‎ A. enjoys B. enjoy C. enjoyed D. enjoying ‎7. 在七年级五班：in Class Five, Grade Seven (班级、年级、数字的“首字母”均需大写)‎ ‎8. 篮球队的队长：the captain of the basketball team (有of，需要倒翻)‎ ‎①有“生命”的东西，表示“的”用 ’s ， 如：He is my father’s friend. ‎ ‎②无“生命”的东西，表示“的”用 of ， 如：Here is a photo of my family.‎ ‎★9. 形容人的“外貌特征”的名词和形容词:‎ 序号 跟在be后 (be+形容词)‎ 跟在have/has后 (have/has+名词)‎ ‎1‎ 是高的/矮的 is tall/short 有长/短头发 have long/short hair （★hair做不可数名词时，不可加a）‎ ‎2‎ 是中等高度 is of medium height （★注意加of）‎ 有直/卷头发 have straight/curly hair ‎3‎ 是胖的/瘦的 is heavy/fat, thin 有黑/黄头发 have black/yellow hair ‎4‎ 是中等身材 is of medium build （★注意加of）‎ have+长短+直卷+颜色+hair （★漂长直颜）‎ ‎5‎ 是长的/短的 is long/short have a medium height/build ‎6‎ 是漂亮/丑陋的 is beautiful/ugly have (two) big eyes ‎7‎ 是可爱的 is cute 有一张圆脸：have a round face （方脸：square face）‎ ‎10. ★受某人的欢迎：be popular with sb 受欢迎的：popular ‎ ‎★对某人友好：be friendly to sb 友好的：friendly ‎11. ★讲笑话：tell a joke, tell jokes ‎ 讲故事：tell stories ‎ 开玩笑：play a joke, play jokes ‎ ‎★开某人的玩笑：play jokes on sb ‎12. 有一副新的面貌：have a new look (此处的look作“名词”)‎ ‎13. 去买东西：go shopping ‎ 在购物商场购物：shop at the mall ‎14. (1) look v. 看起来； 如：He looks like his father. ‎ ‎(2) look prep. 外表； 如：He has a new look.‎ ‎15. (1) like v. 喜欢； 如：What does he like? ‎ ‎(2) like prep. 像； 如：What is he like?‎ ２０‎ Unit8 I’d like some noodles.‎ ‎1. --你想要什么？-- What would you like? = What do you want?‎ ‎--我想要一些面条：-- I’d like some noodles. = I want some noodles.‎ 句型：想要某东西：would like sth = want sth (后跟名词，不加to) ‎ ‎ 想要做某事：would like to do sth = want to do sth (后跟动词，加to)‎ 练：(1) Do you want ________?‎ A. speak English B. to the new pants C. ho home D. to go to school ‎(2) Would you like ________ (drink) some green tea?‎ ‎2. 餐厅英语：‎ ‎--我能帮您吗？-- Can I help you? = What can I do for you? = What would you like?‎ ‎--我想要一些面条。-- I’d like some noodles. (I’d = I would)‎ ‎–你想要什么种类的面？-- What kind of noodles would you like?‎ ‎--我想要牛肉番茄面。-- I’d like beef and tomato noodles. (注意“牛肉番茄”形容“面”时，要用“单数”)‎ ‎–你想要多大碗的面？-- What size bowl of noodles would you like?‎ ‎--我想要一中碗面。-- I’d like a medium bowl of noodles. (一中碗…)‎ 什么种类：What kind ‎ 什么尺寸：What size ‎ 一大/小碗面条：a large/small bowl of noodles ‎3. --你想吃些东西吗？-- Would you like something to eat?‎ ‎--（接受）好的：-- Yes, please. 或Yes, I’d like/love to. 不能用：Yes, I would. （拒绝）不，谢谢。-- No, thanks.‎ 练：-- Would you like some tea? -- ________.‎ A. Yes, I would B. Yes, please C. No, I don’t D. No, please ‎4. 我要买它：I’ll take it. (★此处的“买”不能用buy，只能用take)‎ ‎5. 那是全部吗？好了吗？完了吗？-- Is that all?‎ ‎6. 特色菜一：15个饺子只要10元： Special 1 is just (only) 10RMB for 15 dumplings.‎ ‎7. ★some+不可数名词（无复数，不能加s），作句子主语时，动词用“三单”。‎ some+可数名词变复数（有复数，加s），作句子主语时，动词用“复数”或“原形”。‎ 练：(1) Some chicken _______ (be) in the bowl. Some eggs _______ (be) on the table.‎ ‎(2) I’d like some _______ and _______.‎ A. porridge, vegetables B. beef, tomato C. French fries, orange juices ‎8. “肯定句”的两者或两者以上用“and”连接：I’d like dumplings and orange juice.‎ ‎“否定句”的两者或两者以上用“or”连接：I don’t like green tea or porridge.‎ ‎9. 肯定句中表达“一些”用some；‎ 否定句、疑问句中表达“一些，任何”用any；‎ 如：(1) I would like some beef noodles. ‎ ‎(2) I wouldn’t like any chicken noodles. ‎ ‎(3) I didn’t have _______ money for a taxi.‎ ２０‎ ‎10. ★关于“人称代词”的用法：‎ ‎(1) 实义动词后的“人称代词”用宾格， 如：Can you help me? He doesn’t like them.‎ ‎(2) 介词后的“人称代词”用宾格， 如：Do you want to go with us?‎ 人称代词的宾格：me, him, her, us, them, it ‎11. ★吃某东西当早餐：eat/have sth for breakfast ‎ 在早餐时间吃东西：eat sth at the breakfast time ‎12. 句型：某人/某东西怎么样？：What about sb/sth? ‎ 做某事怎么样？：What about doing sth? What about = How about ‎ (★about是介词，介词后接动词要用它的-ing形式) ‎ ‎13. 中国食物：Chinese food 中国餐馆：Chinese restaurants ‎ 西方食物：western food 西方餐馆：western restaurants ‎14. 一碗：a bowl ‎ 一大/中/小碗：a big bowl, a medium bowl, a small bowl 一大/中/小碗…：a big/medium/small bowl of… ‎ 两大碗：two big bowls of… ‎ 一杯绿茶：a cup of green tea ‎15. 在饺子店：at the house of dumplings = at the dumping house 在甜品屋：at a dessert house/shop ‎16. 一些很棒的特色菜：some great specials ‎ 特色菜1：Special 1‎ ‎17. (1) drink v. 喝； 如：What would you like to drink? ‎ ‎(2) drink n. 饮料；(复数+s) 如：Cola is a kind of drinks.‎ ‎18. (1) kind of 有点；（无形式变化） 如：He is kind of lazy. ‎ ‎(2) a kind of 一种；（单数） 如：English is a kind of languages.‎ ‎(3) kinds of 多种；（复数） 如：There are many kinds of languages in the world.‎ Unit9 How was your weekend?‎ 1. ‎★★表示“发生在过去的动作”，要用一般过去时，句中常含表示“过去”的时间。‎ 一般过去时的结构：主语+V过去式。翻译时加上“…了”。(不管主语是“单数”还是“复数”，动词始终用“过去式”)‎ 练：(1) He _________ (go) to school on foot yesterday.‎ ‎(2) – What did Jim do? ‎ ‎ -- He _________ (go) to the movies.‎ ‎(3) We ___________ (not go) to the cinema last Sunday.‎ ‎2. –你上个周末做了什么？-- What did you do last weekend? (★did引导，句中的实义动词要记得还原)‎ ‎--在星期天上午，我打了网球。-- I played tennis on Sunday morning.‎ 在上午/下午/晚上：in the morning/afternoon/evening ‎ 在星期天上午/下午/晚上：on Sunday morning/afternoon/evening ２０‎ 在上个星期天上午： / last Sunday morning (前不用冠词) ‎ 在上学的白天/晚上：on school days/nights ‎★3. –Tina的周末怎么样？ -- How was Tina’s weekend?‎ ‎--它很棒：It was great. ‎ ‎–它还不错：It was not bad. ‎ ‎–它很糟糕：It was terrible.‎ ‎★4. 该是回家的时候了：It’s time to go home. ‎ 句型：该是做某事的时候了：It’s time to do sth ‎5. He spent half an hour _________ (play) computer games last night.‎ ‎★句型：某人花费时间在某事上： 人+spend+时间+on sth ‎ ‎★句型：某人花费时间做某事： 人+spend+时间+doing sth ‎6. ★句型：做某事怎么样？ What/How about doing sth? ‎ ‎★某人/某东西怎么样？ What about sb/sth? 如：你怎么样？What about you?‎ ‎7. 常用do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t代替前文提到的动词。‎ ‎(1) – Who cleaned the room? -- Mike ________. A. was B. does C. is D. did ‎(2) I don’t think he is so great, but my mother _______.‎ ‎(3) Peter visited his English teacher this morning, but Tony _______. A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. doesn’t D. didn’t ‎(4) I like Sports News very much. – _______. A. I like, too B. I do, too C. I don’t like, either D. I don’t, either ‎(5) My father likes Sports News, but my mother _______.‎ ‎8. 去爬山：go to the mountains 爬山：climb the mountains ‎ 去购物：go shopping ‎ 去看电影：go to the movies ‎ 看电影：see a movie = watch a movie = go to the movies = go to a movie 去散步：go for a walk ‎ 散步：take a walk = have a walk ‎ 去图书馆：go to the library ‎ 去城市图书馆：go to the city library ‎9. 待在家里：stay at home ‎10. 为考试而学习：study for the test = study for exams ‎11. 举行派对：have a party ‎ 举行晚会：have an evening party ‎12. 阅读：do some reading ‎13. 去海滩：go to the beach (beach变复数+es)‎ ‎14. 练习英语：practice English ‎ ‎★句型：练习做某事：practice doing sth ２０‎ ‎15. 过了一个繁忙的某末：have a busy weekend (此处的have翻译为“度过”)‎ ‎16. 一本关于历史的书：a book about history (★此处的about翻译为“关于”，= on)‎ ‎17. 带某人去某地：take sb to sp ‎18. 乘车去某地：go to sp by car (car前无其他单词，“乘”用by) = go to sp in their car (car前有其他单词，“乘”用in)‎ ‎19. (1) last 最后的；在最后一张照片里：in the last photo ‎ ‎(2) last 上一个；上个星期：last week 上个月：last month 去年：last year ‎20. (1) spend 度过； 如：How do you spend your summer holidays? ‎ ‎(2) spend 花费； 如：He spent two hours cleaning his room.‎ ‎21. (1) for 对…来说； 如：对大多数的孩子来说：for most kids ‎ ‎(2) for 为，给； 如：为我烧晚饭：cook dinner for me Unit10 Where did you go on vacation?‎ ‎★1. --你去了哪里度假？-- Where did you go on vacation? (go是实义动词，前用did引导)‎ ‎--我去了夏令营。-- I went to summer camp.‎ ‎--你玩得开心吗？-- Did you have a good time? (have是实义动词，前用did引导)‎ ‎--是的。Yes, I did.‎ 度假：on vacation ‎ for one’s vacation 如：She went to Shanghai for her vacation.‎ 玩得开心：have a good time = have fun ‎2. 我们很高兴在水里玩：We had great fun playing in the water. ‎ ‎★ 句型：很高兴做某事：have (great) fun doing sth (★介词for后接动词的-ing形式)‎ 在水里：in the water (介词用in)‎ ‎3. 它有点无聊：It was kind of boring.‎ ‎★有点：kind of = a little ‎4. ★我发现一个小男孩正在角落里哭：I found a small boy crying in the corner.‎ 句型：发现某人正在做某事：find sb doing sth ‎ 句型：听见某人正在做某事：hear sb doing sth 在角落里：in the corner (介词用in) ‎ 在…的角落里：at the corner of… 如：He stands at the corner of the classroom.‎ 练：We found her sister __________ (read) English in her room.‎ ‎5. 他迷路了：He was lost.‎ ‎(1) lost adj. 迷路的；前面常加be动词。‎ ‎(2) lost v. 丢失lose的过去式； 如：He lost his way.‎ ‎6. 那让我感觉很高兴：★ That made me feel very happy.‎ ２０‎ 句型：让某人做某事：make sb do sth = let sb do sth 感觉很高兴：feel very happy 练：（1）The funny story makes us _________ (laugh) a lot. ‎ ‎（2）Let’s __________ (讨论) this question first.‎ ‎7. 我们决定走着回宾馆：We decided to walk back to the hotel.‎ 句型： ★决定做某事：decide to do sth.‎ 走着回宾馆：walk back to the hotel 练：His father decided __________ (buy) a new computer for him.‎ ‎8. 考与“一般过去时”配套使用的时间：‎ ‎(1) – Was your father at work _______? -- Yes, he was.‎ A. last week B. every month C. this year D. next Monday ‎(2) – When did you see him? -- _______.‎ A. Next Monday B. Two hours C. In an hour D. An hour ago ‎9. 去纽约市：go to New York City (go的过去式went) ‎ 去夏令营：go to summer camp ‎ 去博物馆：go to the museum ‎ 参观博物馆：visit the museum ‎ 去中心公园：go to ‎Central Park ‎10. 为考试而学习：study for exams (study的过去式studied)‎ ‎11. 什么也没有做：do nothing (nothing指“什么也没有”)‎ 练：-- Do you have anything else to say about the trip? -- No, _______.‎ A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything ‎12. 整天：all day ‎ 整夜：all night ‎ 整日整夜：all day and all night ‎13. (1) look for 寻找(强调“找”这个过程)； ‎ ‎(2) find 找到(强调“找到”这个结果)； 如：He looked for his English book, but he didn’t find it.‎ ‎14. (1) friendly 友好的； ‎ ‎(2) unfriendly 不友好的；= not friendly Unit11 What do you think of game shows?‎ ‎★1. --你认为某人/某东西怎么样？-- What do you think of sb/sth? ‎ ‎ (后是think of, 前用What)= How do you like sb/sth? (后是like, 前用How)‎ ‎--①我认为某人是…的。-- (I think) sb is/are+用于评价人的“内在品质”的形容词。‎ 我认为某东西是…的。-- (I think) sth is/are+形容词 (如interesting, relaxing, exciting)。‎ ２０‎ ‎--②我不能忍受他。-- I can’t stand him. ‎ 我不介意她。-- I don't mind her.‎ 我爱(喜欢)他们。-- I love(like) them. ‎ 我不爱(喜欢)它。-- I don't love(like) it.‎ 与第6单元比较（对外表提问）：‎ ‎-- What does Tina look like? -- She is _______.‎ A. shy B. clever C. medium height D. heavy 练：(1) -- _______ do you like sports shows? -- I like them very much. ‎ ‎(2) -- _______ does Yao Ming look like? -- He is tall and strong.‎ ‎2. 你能帮我吗？Can you help me?‎ 语法：★动词后的“人称代词”用宾格。‎ 练：His brother bought some new books, he likes _______ very much.‎ A. it B. them C. they D. me ‎3. ★用于评价人的“外表”的形容词主要有(见Unit7)：‎ ‎(1) tall, be of medium height, short; ‎ ‎(2) heavy/fat, be of medium build, thin; ‎ ‎(3) beautiful, ugly, cute, lovely, cool, scary;‎ ‎★用于评价人的“内在品质”的形容词主要有：smart, clever, friendly, shy, quiet, lazy, popular等。‎ ‎4. 阿伦是一个8岁的男孩。-- Alan is an eight-year-old boy. ‎ 比较：阿伦8岁。-- Alan is eight years old.‎ ‎★点拨：(1)当“几岁”后有名词如“boy/girl”时，“几岁”用“连字符”相连，且year不加s；‎ ‎(2)当“几岁”后无名词时，“几岁”不用“连字符”相连，岁数大于1，year加s；‎ ‎5. 欢迎来到9点钟的周末谈话节目：Welcome to 9 o’clock Weekend talk show.‎ 欢迎来某地：welcome to sp.‎ ‎6. 烧饭是妈妈们的事：Cooking is for moms. ‎ 围巾是给妈妈们的：The scarf is for moms.‎ ‎7. ★谢谢你加入我们：Thank you for joining us. ‎ 句型：感谢做某事：Thanks for doing sth.‎ ‎8. 我给每个学生看六样东西然后问他们关于每一个东西： I showed each student six things and asked them about each one.‎ ‎① 把某东西给某人看：show sb sth (show翻译为“展示给…看”) ‎ ‎② 每一…：each 如：每个学生：each student ‎9. ★这是他们喜欢的和不喜欢的：Here are their likes and dislikes.‎ ‎10. ★我不能忍受老人不能漂亮的想法：I can’t stand the idea that old people can’t be beautiful. ‎ 我想要年轻和漂亮：I want to be young and beautiful.‎ ‎11. ★句型：介意做某事：mind doing sth ‎ 练：Would you mind ________ (open) the window? It’s too hot in the room.‎ ２０‎ ‎12. 实际上：in fact (介词用in)‎ ‎13. 询问某人某事：ask sb about sth ‎14. 把某东西放进某地方：put sth in sp ‎15. 同意某人(的观点、意见)：agree with sb ‎16. 一个主意： an idea ‎ 一个好主意： a good idea ‎ 一篇文章： an article ‎ 看一篇文章： read an article (“看书”的“看”用read)‎ Unit12 Don’t eat in class.‎ ‎★1. 肯定的祈使句：(1) 实义动词原形+其他； 否定的祈使句：(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形；‎ ‎(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他； (2) Don’t be+形容词+其他；‎ ‎(3) Let sb do sth. (3) Don’t let sb do sth ‎(4) No+Ving.‎ 练：(1) My mother said to me, “Tom, _______ in bed.”‎ A. not read B. doesn’t read C. don’t read D. didn’t read ‎(2) Don’t __________ (fight). = No __________ (fight).‎ ‎2. 不要迟到：Don’t arrive late. = Don’t be late. (arrive = be)‎ ‎★上课/上学不要迟到：Don’t arrive (be) late for class/school.‎ ‎3. 主语省略（无主语）：Don’t arrive late for class.‎ 主语不省略（有主语）：We can’t arrive ;ate for class.‎ ‎4. 在学校我们必须穿校服：We have to wear uniforms at school.‎ 句型：不得不/必须做某事：have to do sth 否定：不必做某事：don’t have to do sth ‎ must: 主观上“不得不做某事”‎ ‎ have: 客观上“不得不做某事”‎ 穿校服：单数：wear a uniform 复数：wear uniforms 练：(1) – I can’t stop smoking, doctor. – For your health, I’m afraid you ______.‎ A. can B. may C. must D. have to ‎5. 在我家里有太多的规矩：I have too many rules in my house.‎ 词组：太多…：too many…（后接可数名词）‎ ‎ too much （后接不可数名词）‎ ‎6. 我从来没有任何快乐：I never have any fun.‎ ‎(never译为“从来没有”，表示否定，否定句中表示“任何，一些”，用any)‎ ‎7. 不要大声说话：Don’t talk loudly.‎ 请大声说：Speak loudly, please.‎ ２０‎ ‎8. 他擅长于唱歌：He is good at singing.‎ 句型：擅长于做某事： ★ be good at doing sth ‎9. 表示“地点”的词组：‎ ‎(1) 在教室里：in the classroom 在课堂上：in class ‎(2) 在走廊上：in the hallways 在学校里：at school = in school ‎10. 表示“时间”的词组：‎ ‎(1) 下课后：after class 放学后：after school ‎ ‎(2) 在上学的白天/晚上：on school days/nights 比较：at night ‎(3) 到晚上10点钟之前：by 10 o’clock p.m.‎ ‎11. (1) with 和； 如：He lives in Beijing with my parents. (不能用and)‎ ‎(2) with 戴着； 如：Do you know the fat man with a hat? (不能用wears)‎ ‎(3) with 有着； 如：It’s an old house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has)‎ ２０‎