专题08+阅读填空（讲）-2019年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题08+阅读填空（讲）-2019年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

‎【构建知识体系】‎ 阅读填空 考点1细节理解类题型 考点2篇章结构类题型 ‎2016-2018年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 ‎2016‎ 第二节 主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法。‎ 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2017‎ 第二节 文章讲述了三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营。‎ 记叙文 阅读填空 ‎2018‎ 第二节 文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2016-2018年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 ‎2016‎ 第二节 主要介绍了如何建造一个属于自己的美丽花园。‎ 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2017‎ 第二节 本文介绍了如何有效应对他人的过渡打搅的方法 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2018‎ 第二节 列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。‎ 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2016-2018年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 ‎2016‎ 第二节 介绍了吃鱼对人的好处，以及新鲜鱼的挑选及烹饪方法。‎ 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2017‎ 第二节 主要介绍了几条关于调整好生物钟的建议 说明文 阅读填空 ‎2018‎ 第二节 文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。‎ 说明文 阅读填空 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选择正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。‎ 考查考生的逻辑思维能力，也就是对上下文之间、层次之间逻辑关系的判断能力 主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构，以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结构）；注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。‎ ‎【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 ‎1.【2018·全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.‎ Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.‎ ‎____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small ‎ color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .‎ Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.‎ The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.‎ A. While all of them are useful ‎ B. Whatever you’re looking for ‎ C. If you’re experimenting with a color ‎ D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with ‎ E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces ‎ F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time ‎ G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways ‎【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. F ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。 ‎ ‎38. 本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。‎ ‎39. 根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故选G。‎ ‎40. 前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文F那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。‎ 点睛：关键词法解决阅读填空题是一种有效的方法。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。‎ ‎37题A选项中的them 指代上文中的 different techniques 和下文中的they 指代内容相同。‎ ‎38题上一段末尾提到要介绍三种颜色选择，本段详细介绍第一种small color choice.选项和语段中都有关键词small color choice。‎ ‎2.【2018·全国II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.‎ Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___‎ Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.‎ ‎___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.‎ ‎___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.‎ There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.‎ A. You will stick to your diet.‎ B. Your quality of sleep improves.‎ C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.‎ D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.‎ E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.‎ F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.‎ G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!‎ ‎【答案】36. G 37. E ‎ ‎38. F 39. B ‎ ‎40. A ‎【解析】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。‎ ‎36.‎ ‎ 根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中then listen up!（那么请仔细听!）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。‎ ‎39. 此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故选B。‎ ‎40. 根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故选A。‎ 点睛：七选五题型，要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。本篇文章采用总分总的结构，第一段和最后一段是总述，中间是分述，中间每段都是主题句加分述句构成。‎ ‎3.【2018·全国III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.‎ ‎　36　 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time. ‎ ‎“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 　37　 It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life.” ‎ ‎　38　 “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges.“They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 　39　” ‎ So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 　40　 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive.” ‎ A.So why do we dance?‎ B.Dance in the US is everywhere.‎ C.If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.‎ D.My older students say it makes them feel young.‎ E.I keep practising even when I'm extremely tired.‎ F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.‎ G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.‎ ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在美国,舞蹈无处不在,从多角度介绍了舞蹈的内涵、普及的范围及喜欢舞蹈的群体。 ‎ ‎38.A　下文讲述了一对年轻夫妇通过跳舞重新打起精神的故事。Bridges是在说“我们为何要跳舞”,即在回答前面的问题。故选A。‎ ‎39.F　前面讲述了一对情绪不高的年轻夫妇跳舞后,面带微笑地离开了,故此处表示“跳舞似乎完全改变了他们的情绪”。 故选F。‎ ‎40.E　根据后面的“I find it hard to stop!”可知,Andrea Hillier对跳舞很痴迷,在非常疲劳的时候仍然坚持跳舞。故选E。‎ ‎【高考预测】‎ 纵观近两年全国高考试题，预测2019年全国高考试题还会 ‎①体裁以说明文和议论文为主（300词左右），且结构清晰（提出问题→解决问题），过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。‎ ‎②以考查细节理解类题型为主。‎ ‎【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点　‎ 考点一 细节理解类题型 ‎（1）词汇复现 ‎【例1】典 例　(2015·全国Ⅰ片段)‎ ‎●__39__If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated.‎ C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ 规律方法1： 词汇复现法 复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。‎ ‎【变式精练】(2015·全国Ⅱ片段)‎ Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. __36__ ，buy the best－fitting，best－built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop...‎ During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day...‎ B．For a good marathon runner C．Before you begin your training ‎[解题思路]‎ 空格前讲到一个观点：马拉松训练需要精心准备，下面的论述必须在“准备”这一范畴内，且下文中出现了“During the first week”等时间词汇，本题是指开始训练前的准备。‎ 此题属词汇同现，故选 __C__ ‎ ‎（2）代词线索 ‎【例2】(2016·全国Ⅲ片段)‎ But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying，storing，and cooking fish isn’t difficult.__17__This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.‎ A．Do not buy it.‎ D．It just requires a little knowledge.‎ ‎[解题思路]‎ 空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难，启承上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。D选项中的代词“It”指代前面提到的“Buying，storing，and cooking fish”。 ‎ 答案： __D__ ‎ 规律方法2：代词线索 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them 指代复数名词;one指代单数可数名词；that指 代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these 或those指代前句的复数名词。‎ ‎【变式精练】   73   They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the ‎ real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.‎ B. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. ‎ F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.‎ G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.‎ ‎【答案】G ‎【解析】73空后的they与A项doctors照应。‎ ‎（3）数字线索 ‎【例3】As in China, the weather is different from area to area.___17____ The temperatures can ‎ fall to –60℃ ，which is 60℃below freezing. In the capital, Ottawa, the average of winter ‎ temperature is –10℃,and in summer 21 ℃.___18____ The average January temperature is 3 ℃,and in July it is 18 ℃ ‎ F. In the North, the winters are long and hard with snow for six months. ‎ G. The west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winter ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎17. F ‎ ‎18.G 规律方法3：数字线索 　　包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。‎ ‎【变式精练】Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores．  72   Of  the ‎ 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit．In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar． ‎ A．The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.‎ B．Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.‎ C．They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all.‎ D．If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.‎ E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products. F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all. G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎72. C ‎ ‎（4）逻辑关系线索 ‎【例4】‎ A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences. To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. With_a_code_book，_you_might_write_down_words_that_would_stand_for_other_words. For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” __40__ However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ ‎[解题思路]‎ 根据空格后的However可知前后句之间存在逻辑上的转折关系。上文指出了利用密码本破解密码的方式。根据后文的“However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.”可知，没有密码本很难破解密码。‎ 答案 __A__ ‎ 规律方法4：逻辑关系线索 　(a)并列与递进关系： and, or, also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same …as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more ‎　(b)因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result ,because of ,in that, for this reason, of course ‎　(c)转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than ,instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of ‎　(d)时间关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with，in the mean time, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with以及一些具体的时间。‎ ‎【变式精练】‎ Building Trust in a Relationship Again ‎●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost，what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. __40__ Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.‎ F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.‎ ‎[解题思路]‎ 答案 __G__ ‎ 考点二 细节理解类题型 ‎（1）问题在段首或是小标题 ‎【例1】 3   Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.‎ A. She enjoys listening to classic music.‎ C. She loves her students and cares for them.‎ D. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.‎ E. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.‎ ‎【答案】3. E ‎【解析】本题考查主旨概括句。本段内容主要写了“她下班就做家务”，其次是“她从不给自己买昂贵的衣服，从不去高档的饭店吃饭。”说明妈妈既勤劳又节俭。所以应选E。 ‎ ‎【例2】●    3   When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.‎ ‎●Buy time．‎ When facing a hard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately．Buy time by repeating the question in your own words．　4　　 These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question．‎ ‎●Suggest a private meeting．‎ A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers．　5　　‎ A. Show your true interest. B. Restate the question with respect. C. Some ideas can be quite concrete. D. There were many difficult questions. E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas. F. You many also ask for clarification on the question. G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.‎ ‎【答案】3. A 规律方法1：如果问题在段首或是小标题？‎ 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。‎ ‎【变式精练】 3  ．On the one hand，a yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one；and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the coldest winter day． 4（A）  ．A black bridge ‎ over the Thames River, near London．used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀)than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green．The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply．Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue．‎ A．On the other hand，black is depressing．‎ B．The rooms are painted in different colors as you like．‎ C．They tell us that we do not choose our favorite color as grow up—we are born with our preference．‎ D．If you do，you must be an optimist(乐观主义者)，a leader or an active person who enjoys life．‎ E．Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. F．Life is like a picture or a poem，full of different colors． G.．Colors do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it ‎【答案】3. G ‎（2）问题在段尾 ‎【例2】By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear? ”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆)ideas. 74 ‎ A．Later I received 50 cents an hour.‎ B．Before long, she let me sit there by myself.‎ C．I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.‎ D．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.‎ E. My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.  F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.  G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.（2010辽宁）‎ ‎【答案】74. C ‎【解析】考查上下文的理解判断能力。本段讲述祖母因作者的出色表现而让她帮助销售化妆品，而C选项内容恰好是讲述她的销售成果，与语境相吻合，所以选C。‎ 规律方法2：如果问题在段尾？‎ 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a ‎ result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。‎ ‎【变式精练】Nowadays in China, parents care about their children’s education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching(训练) their children in their studies. Some even hire teachers for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools.____.‎ A. It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.‎ B. Skills and knowledge means competition.‎ C. Skills and knowledge doesn’t mean all.‎ ‎【答案】A