2018届二轮复习动词的时态、语态及主谓一致在短文语法填空中考查课件（49张）

2018届二轮复习动词的时态、语态及主谓一致在短文语法填空中考查课件（49张）

动词时态、语态和主语一在语法填空中的考查 2018 届二轮复习 有提示词填空 1 技能突破 3 随堂训练 2 走出误区 4 复习练案 技 能 突 破 技法 1 ：基本定义需记牢 高考语法填空对时态的考查多为基本定义的考查，因此掌握高考考试说明中规定的时态的基本用法对解题非常重要 (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅲ )Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and______________ (be) too violent for use at the table. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 句子缺少谓语 ② 根据从句中的 would 及连词 and 判断 → 谓语动词表示过去 → 联想表示过去的时态的基本定义 尝试解答： ________ were ① (2016 · 北京高考改编 )I ____________(read) half of the English novel ， and I'll try to finish it at the weekend. ② (2016 · 北京高考改编 )Jack _______________ (work)in the lab when the power cut occurred. ③ Just as I got to the school gate ， I realized I ________ (leave)my book in the cafe. ④ The best information about hotels usually ________(come)from friends who have been there. have read was working had left comes 技法 2 ：时间状语要明了 在高考语法填空中，有时会直接给出时间标志，考生可以根据所给标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案。 (2016 · 四川高考 )Then ， after two and a half years ， the mother______________(drive)the young panda away. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 句子缺少谓语 根据时间状语 after two and a half years 判断 → 表示过去的情况 尝试解答： ________ Drove [ 技法解读 ] 　牢记各种时态常用标志词 ① 看到 always ， usually ， often ， sometimes ， every week (day ， year ， month...) ， once a week(day ， year ， month...) ， on Sundays 等时间状语， 想到 一般现在时； ② 看到 yesterday ， last ＋时间 ( 如 1ast ＋ week ， month. year ， Monday 等 ) ， in ＋过去的年份，时间＋ ago( 如 a few minutes ago ， two weeks ago ， years ago 等 ) ， before ， the age of ， the other day ， once upon a time ，时间段＋ later 等时间状语， 要想到 用一般过去时； ③ 看到 tomorrow ， next day(week ， month ， year...) ， soon ， the day after tomorrow ， in ＋时间段 (in two hours ， in a few minutes 等 ) ， in the future 等时间段， 要想到 用一般将来时； ④ 看到 now ， at this time ， at this moment ， look ， listen ， at present ， these days ， this week 等标志词， 要想到 用现在进行时； ⑤ 看到 for ＋一段时间， since ＋时间点， since ＋时间段＋ ago ， ever since ， so far ， ever ， never ， just ， yet ， lately ， recently ， up to now ， in /during/ over the past/last ＋一段时间， 要想到 用现在完成时； ⑥ 看到 by /before/ by the end of/by the time of ＋过去时间点， 要想到 用过去完成时。 ① (2015 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )This cycle ________(go) day after day ： The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset( 抵消 )for the outside temperatures. ② Once up on a time ， there ________ (be)a silly emperor who loved clothing more than anything else. ③ At the moment ， he is ________(write)an article which is related to the origin of human beings. ④ In the last few years ， China ____________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. goes was writing has made 技法 3 ：语境理解少不了 高考对动词的考查更关注通过语境解题，因此学会判断上下文的语境信息很关键。 (2017 · 江苏高考 )The publication of Great Expectations, which ____(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised ， strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist. [ 解题思路 ] 分析句子结构 → 句子缺少谓语 根据主句时态 strengthened 判断 → 从句谓语表达过去发生的事情 尝试解答： ________ was [ 技法解读 ] 句子没有明确的时间状语，考生需借助上下文语境，挖掘 出隐含信息，弄清动作发生的时间以及顺序，才能得出答案。 ① (2014 · 全国卷 Ⅰ )In 1969 ， the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland ， Ohio.It ________(be)unimaginable that it could be ever cleaned up. ② To my delight ， I ______________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. ③ I went to Ningxia and ________(stay) there for one year ， teaching as a volunteer. was was chosen staged 技法 4 ：固定句式很重要 固定句式在高考语法填空中占有一席之地，因此记牢它们对解题非常关键。 (2017 · 天津高考 ) I ____(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. [ 解题思路 ] 分析句子结构 → 使用固定结构 “ was/were doing...when... 正在． ..... 就在这时突然． ..... ” 。 根据固定结构判断 → 主句中时态应用过去进行时 尝试解答： _____________ 解析： 考查固定句型 was/were doing...when... 正在． ..... 就在这时突然． ..... 。句意：我正驾车开往伦敦，就在这时我突然发现自己走错了路。 was driving [ 技法解读 ] 　牢记几种固定句式 ① 看到 no sooner...than... 或 hardly...when... ， 要想到 主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时； ② 看到 并列连词 when ， 要想到 与 was/were doing 连用； ③ 看到 It /This/ That is ＋序数词＋ that 从句，要想到从句用现在完成时； ④ 看到 It /This/ That was ＋序数词＋ that 从句， 要想到 从句用过去完成时； ⑤ 看到 It/This is ＋最高级十名词＋ that 从句， 要想到 从句用现在完成时； ⑥ 看到 “ 祈使句＋ and/or ＋陈述句 ” ， 要想到 陈述句用一般将来时。 ① It's said that this is the first time the painting ____________________(show) to the public ， which attracts many people. ② It goes without saying that this is the best place I ___________(be) to. ③ Yesterday ， I _________________(wait)for bus when the rain started to come down. ④ Put your heart into study ， and you ______________(make)a lot of progress soon. has been showed have been was waiting will make 技法 5 ：逻辑关系要理清 搞清句中主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是做题的根本。如果主语和谓语存在主动关系，用主动语态；如果主语和谓语存在被动关系，用被动语态。 (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅲ )Truly elegant chopsticks might______________(make ) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 句子缺少谓语 ② 判断主语 chopsticks 与谓语 make 的逻辑关系 → 被动关系 尝试解答： ________ be made [ 技法解读 ] (1) 牢记高考常考的几种时态的被动语态 各种时态的被动语态 构成 ( 以 do 为例 ) 一般现在时 am /is/ are done 一般过去时 was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 am /is/ are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 将来完成时 shall/will have been done (2) 不能用被动语态的动词和短语 ① 不及物动词 ( 短语 ) 没有宾语，故不能用于被动语态。 take place ， come true ， come about ， break out ， appear ， happen ， disappear ， last ， arise 等。 ② 表示主语特征的词，如 read ， wash ， write ， sell ， wear ， lock ， break ， catch ， cut ， drive ， open 等，常与 not ， hardly ， well ， easily ， badly ， nicely 等副词连用。 ③ 系动词如 appear ， be ， become ， fall ， feel ， get ， grow ， keep ， look ， remain ， seem smell ， sound ， stay ， taste ， turn 等不能用于被动语态。 ① (2016 · 四川高考 )The giant ， panda ________ (love)by people throughout the world. ② (2016 · 江苏高考改编 )More efforts ， as reported ， __________________ (make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply side structure reform. ③ (2017 · 江苏高考 )He hurried home ， never once looking back to see if he _______________________(follow) ． ④ Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what ________(look)nice . ⑤ Because of the heavy snow ， a serious accident ___________(happen) to the family. is loved will be made was being followed looks happened 技法 6 ：主谓一致原则 (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅱ )Leaving the less important things until tomorrow______________(be ) often acceptable. [ 解题思路 ] ① 分析句子结构 → 句子缺少谓语 ② 动名词短语作主语 → 可判断谓语动词用单数 尝试解答： ________ is [ 技法解读 ] (1) 语法一致原则 主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。 ① 当 and 连接两个或多个名词，或 both...and... 连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ② 主语后有 with ， along with ， together with ， as well as ， no less than ， rather than ， including ， besides ， like ， except ， but 等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。 ③“ a number of ＋名词复数 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； “ the number of ＋名词复数 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ④ 定语从句中，关系代词 that ， who ， which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。 ⑤ 不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。 ⑥ 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。 (2) 意义一致原则 即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 ① 由 and 连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念 ( 即 and 后面无冠词 ) ，则谓语动词用单数形式。 ② 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。 ③ 集体名词 ( 如 family ， team ， crowd ， company ， class ， group ， government 等 ) 如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。 (3) 就近一致原则 ① 由 either...or... ， neither...nor... ， not only...but(also ) ． .. ， not...but... 或 or 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 ② There be... 和 Here be... 这两个句式中的 be 动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。 ① (2017 · 温州一模 )It was the boy ， rather than his teacher ， that ________(be) to blame for what he had done. ② (2017 · 双鸭山一模 )The number of traffic accidents that happen in developing countries ________(be) increasing. ③ To a disabled person ， even 50 meters ________(be)a long distance to cover. ④ It is reported that there ________(be) going to be heavy storms in the coming month. ⑤ Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ (be) tired of having one examination after another. was is is are are ⑥ At yesterday's party ， the number of people invited ________ (be) fifty ， but a number of them ________ (be) absent for different reasons. ⑦ (2017 · 天津高考 )Nowadays ， cycling ， along with jogging and swimming ， _____________(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. was were is regarded 时成语态解题技巧四步、一提醒 第一步，确定句子是否缺谓语 如果括号中给出的词是动词，首先分析句子成分，看句子是否缺谓语。 第二步，确定动词的时态 确定缺少谓语之后，根据具体的语境、时间状语等确定使用哪种时态。 第三步，确定动词的语态 根据主语和谓语动词的逻辑关系确定语态。 第四步，确定主谓一致 最后根据主语确定谓语动词在人称和数上的一致性。提醒：如果括号中给出的词是动词，偶尔会考查词性转换。例如： E v ery morning w hen w e get up ， w e ha v e a _________( choose ) of ho w w e w ant to face life that day . choice 走 出 误 区 易错点 1 　相近时态混用 ① (2017 · 青岛一模 )China __________ (spend)a lot of money on such research over the past years. ② ( 母题变式 ) China _____________ (spend)a lot of money on such research before Tu Youyou gained the award. has spent had spent [ 点拨 ] 　现在完成时和过去完成时的区别 (1) 现在完成时是指某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，或对现在有影响，是站在 “ 现在 ” 的时间点上；过去完成时则比现在完成时往前推了一段时间，即 “ 过去的过去 ” ，是站在 “ 过去 ” 的时间点上。 (2) 题 ① 根据 over the past years 可知 spend 这个动作是站在 “ 现在 ” 的时间点上，填 has spent ；题 ② 根据 before Tu Youyou gained the award 可判断 spend 这个动作是站在 “ 过去 ” 的时间点上，填 had spent 。 易错点 2 　语境信息把握不准 ① (2017 · 东城一模 )The manager ___________ (leave) for London for a business conference this afternoon Can you get him to the airport? ② ( 母题变式 ) The manager __________ (leave) for London for a business conference already.Can you visit him when he comes back? is leaving has left [ 点拨 ] (1) 根据题 ① 中后文 Can you get him to the airport ？说明经理将要离开，此处 be ＋现在分词表示将来时，故填 is leaving 。 (2) 根据题 ② 中后文 Can you visit him when he comes back ？说明经理已经离开。另外，根据标志词 already ，故填 has left 。 易错点 3 　把其他成分当成主语 ① It is reported that these ways to grow more trees in the desert ________ (be) very effective. ② ( 母题变式 ) It is reported that finding ways to grow more trees in the desert ________ (be) his life goal. are is [ 点拨 ] (1) 题 ① 中主语为 these ways ，因此谓语要用复数形式。 (2) 题 ② 中主语为 finding ways ，动名词作主语，因此谓语要用单数形式。 随 堂 训 练 Ⅰ . 单句练习 ❶ 　 More subway lines______________(build)to make travelling easy in Beijing in the coming years. ❷ 　 Since its start ， WeChat_____________(develop ) into the most popular messaging communication service in China. ❸ 　 The father as well as his three children________(go)skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. ❹ 　 My grandpa has been enjoying good health ever since he __________ (stop) smoking. ❺ 　 My uncle________(live) in Taiwan for 20 years.Now he has settled down in the mainland. will be built has developed goes stopped lived ❻ 　 Every December Nobel Prizes_______________(award ) to people who have made outstanding contributions to the world. ❼ 　 He was unhappy when he sold his violin.After all ， he _________(have) it for a very long time. ❽ 　 The professor has just finished writing a book and it ________________ (publish) before long. are awarded had will be published Ⅱ . 易错练习：注意下列动词的不规则变化 ❶ 　 He opened the door ， ________(take) off his coat and went into the kitchen. ❷ 　 He________(write ) a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident. ❸ 　 Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.For example ， the information for weather forecasts __________(send) by satellites. ❹ 　 The dog was very happy ， and________(eat ) the meat up at once. ❺ 　 The pictures displayed on the wall_________________( choose) from thousands of students. took wrote is sent ate were chosen Ⅲ . 语篇练习：用适当的时态语态填空。 Every April ， there 1.________(be) a special day when people remember and honor their ancestors.It 2.________(call) Tomb Sweeping Day ， also known as Qingming Festival. Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival.It 3.________(begin) over 2,000 years ago.A lot of poems about Qingming 4.__________________(write) by the end of the Tang Dynasty.A well-known poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu 5.____________(describe) the day: “ Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes ， and passersby with lowered spirits go. ” is is called began had been written describes Tomb Sweeping Day 6.________( be) a public holiday on the Chinese mainland since 2008.On this day ， families bring flowers ， food and wine to their ancestors' tombs.Food like cakes and fruits 7.________(put) in front of the tombs.That's because people think that visiting tombs during Qingming Festival 8.________(be) to show respect to their dead family members.However ， Tomb Sweeping Day is not only about this.During that time ， the weather 9.___________(get)warm.So Tomb Sweeping Day also means finally being able to garden and enjoy outdoor activities in China. It is not clear whether these ways of celebrating Tomb Sweeping Day 10.________________(change)in the future. has been is put is is getting will be changed ❶ 　 解析： 由 Every April 可知此处表示经常性动作，故用一般现在时， there be 句型中主语是 a special day 。 ❷ 　 解析： 句意：它被称为清明节。根据句意可知此处用被动语态。 ❸ 　 解析： 由时间标志词 over 2,000 years ago 可知此处用一般过去时。 ❹ 　 解析： by the end of ＋过去的时间，该句要用过去完成时。此外， poem 和 write 存在被动关系。 ❺ 　 解析： 文学作品中描述的事例，要用一般现在时。 ❻ 　 解析： since ＋过去的时间点，主句用现在完成时。