2019年高考英语二轮牛津译林版真题技巧点拨课件：专题四任务型阅读第三讲

2019年高考英语二轮牛津译林版真题技巧点拨课件：专题四任务型阅读第三讲

第三讲 │ 信息概括题 这类题目难度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透彻理解文章的基础上，根据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。此类题目主要分为两种类型： (1) 总结性词汇。设题大多数情况下是概括文章的标题、段落大意、事件过程、文章的目的、意义以及得出的结论等。 [ 典例 1] 　 (2017· 江苏高考 ) Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore ， around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations) ， but you’d be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too ， which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades. It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72)________of population. 分析 　第一步：根据题干大意可定位到文章第二段。 第二步：根据第二段内容，特别是 “ almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate ” 和 “ Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too ， which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades. ” 可知，发达国家保持人口的现有规模也是困难重重。 size/scale 表示 “ 尺寸，大小，规模 ” ，符合文意。 第三步：确定答案为 size/scale 。 [ 典例 2] 　 (2017· 江苏高考 ) In the north of India ， the population is booming due to high birth rates ， but in the south ， where most economic development is taking place ， birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist ， birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total ， 25% of India’s working-age population has no education.In 2030 ， a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated. Leaving aside the birth rate issue ， India’s economy may take off when the country achieves (78)________of educational opportunity. 分析： 第一步：根据题干中的 “ India ’ s economy ” 以及 “ educational ” ，可以定位到文章第五段。 第二步：根据第五段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论：印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化，它的经济会有大的增长。 第三步：确定答案为 equality 。 [ 知识链接 1 ] 　信息概括常用词 1. 原因与结果： reason (for) ， result ； cause (of) ， consequence 2. 异同点与优缺点： difference ， similarity; advantage ， disadvantage 3. 功能： function 4. 观点与态度： opinion ， view (on/about) ， viewpoint ， idea; attitude (to/towards) 5. 评论与评价： comment (on) ， remark (on/upon) ， assessment 6. 方式与方法： means ， way ， method (of); solution ， approach (to doing sth ) ； (take) measures (to do sth ) 7. 目的： purpose ， aim ， goal 8. 积极与消极： positive ， negative 9. 建议： advice ， suggestion ， tip 10. 概括与总结： summary ， conclusion 11. 特点： feature ， characteristic 12. 种类： kind ， type ， category ， class 13. 精神上与身体上： mentally ， physically 14. 影响： influence ， impact ， effect (on) 15. 情形，状况： situation ， condition 16. 方面与项目条款： aspect ， item 17. 材料： materials 18. 知识与消息： knowledge ， information 19. 日程计划： schedule ， agenda 20. 百分比： percentage 21. 性别： sex 22. 年龄： age 23.( 不 ) 熟悉： familiar/unfamiliar 24. 个人，个人的： individual 25. 细节： description ， detail 26. 文化： culture 27. 责任： (take) responsibility 28. 贡献： (make) contributions (to) 29. 重要： value ， importance ， significance 30. 比较： contrast ， comparison 31. 时期： period ， time 32. 存在： existence ， exist 33. 人口： population 34. 天气与气候： weather ， climate 35. 位置： location 36. 主题： theme 37. 背景： setting ， background 38. 情节： plot 39. 高潮： climax 40. 反对者与支持者： opponent ， supporter [ 知识链接 2 ] 　同义替换常考词汇 1 result from ＝ arise from 由 …… 导致 2 at random ＝ randomly 随意地 3 in particular ＝ particularly 尤其，特别 4 in peace ＝ peacefully 平静地；安宁地 5 in advance ＝ ahead of time (schedule) 预先 6 in part ＝ partly 在一定程度上 7 in silence ＝ silently 寂静地，沉默地 8 in harmony ＝ harmoniously 和谐地 9 be accused of ＝ be charged with 被指控 10 put forward ＝ come up with 提出 11 on behalf of ＝ represent 代表 12 show up ＝ turn up ＝ appear 出现 13 including sth ＝ sth included 包括某物 14 be exposed to ＝ exposure to 暴露于，接触到 15 account for ＝ make up 占据 …… 比例 16 lack sth ＝ be short of sth ＝ be lacking in sth 缺少某物 17 at hand ＝ handy 在手边 18 escape from ＝ flee 逃离 19 stand/bear/tolerate/put up with 忍受 20 at the same time ＝ meanwhile 同时 21 make fun of ＝ laugh at ＝ tease ＝ mock 取笑 22 treat sb badly ＝ abuse sb 虐待某人 23 take pride in ＝ be proud of 对 …… 感到自豪 24 be dressed in ＝ wear sth 穿着 …… 25 burst into tears ＝ burst out crying 突然大哭 26 look after ＝ take care of ＝ attend to 照顾 27 compensate for ＝ make up for 补偿 28 online ＝ on the Internet 在网上 29 matter/count/be important 重要 30 catch on ＝ popularize 流行 31 take up ＝ occupy 占据 32 believe in ＝ trust 信任 33 take in sth ＝ absorb sth 理解，吸收某物 34 starve to death ＝ die of hunger/starvation 饿死 35 accompany sb ＝ keep sb company 陪伴某人 36 turn to sb for help ＝ ask sb for help 向某人求助 37 100 years ＝ 1 century ＝ 10 decades 100 年 38 a fortnight ＝ two weeks 两周 39 every year ＝ yearly ＝ annual 每年的 40 36 ＝ 3 dozen 3 打 41 face sth ＝ be faced with sth 面对某事 42 facing sth ＝ faced with sth( 状语 ) 面临某事 43 support ＝ be in favor of ＝ favor ＝ subscribe to 支持 44 be of use/value ＝ be useful/valuable 对 …… 有用 45 do with ＝ deal with ＝ cope with ＝ handle 处理 46 be absorbed in ＝ be lost in ＝ be buried in 专心于 …… 47 object to doing sth ＝ oppose doing sth ＝ be opposed to doing sth ＝ raise an objection to doing sth 反对做某事 48 convince sb ＝ make sb convinced 使某人信服 49 the remaining money ＝ the money left 剩下的钱 50 now and then ＝ sometimes ＝ occasionally 有时 51 make an apology to sb ＝ apologize to sb 向某人道歉 52 a variety of ＋ n . ＝ varieties of ＋ n . ＝ various ＋ n . 各种各样的 …… 53 make full use of ＝ make the most (best) of ＝ take advantage of 利用 54 be related to ＝ be associated with ＝ be linked to ＝ be connected with 跟 …… 有关 55 put off doing ＝ delay doing ＝ postpone doing ＝ buy time to do 推迟做 56 an approach to doing sth ＝ a way of doing sth ＝ a way to do sth ＝ how to do sth 做某事的方法 57 replace B with A ＝ substitute A for B ＝ take the place of B with A 用 A 替代 B 58 resemble ＝ look like ＝ be similar to ＝ bear a resemblance to 像，类似于 59 sb makes sense of sth ＝ sb understands sth 某人明白某事 60 be accessible to ＝ have access to ＝ be available to 可获得的 61 be drunk with ＝ be addicted to ＝ be hooked on 沉迷于 62 manage to do sth ＝ succeed in doing sth( 设法 ) 做成某事 63 to be honest/frank/strict ＝ honestly/frankly/strictly speaking 坦率地 / 直白地 / 严格地说 64 be tired/sick of ＝ be bored with ＝ be fed up with 对 …… 感到厌倦 65 have an edge/advantage over ＝ be superior to ＝ be better than 胜过，比 …… 强 66 be consistent with ＝ be in line with ＝ correspond with ＝ agree with 与 …… 相一致 67 take the place of A ＝ be in place of A ＝ replace A 取代 A 68 at your convenience ＝ when it is convenient for you 当你方便时 69 on one’s own ＝ by onself ＝ alone 独自地 70 be aware/conscious of ＝ realize ＝ recognize 意识到 71 be responsible for ＝ take responsibility for ＝ answer for 对 …… 负责 72 in spite of/despite ＋短语＝ though/although/while/as ＋句子 虽然 ( 用 as 要倒装 ) 73 beyond belief ＝ incredible ＝ unbelievable 难以置信的 74 out of the question ＝ impossible 不可能的 out of question ＝ no problem 没问题 75 be unaware of ＝ fail to notice ＝ overlook ＝ ignore ＝ neglect 忽视 76 stress/underline/emphasize the importance of sth 强调某事 / 物的重要性 77 sth benefits sb ＝ sth be beneficial to sb ＝ sth be of benefit to sb ＝ sb benefits from sth 某人从某事中受益 78 make preparations for ＝ be in preparations for ＝ prepare for 为 …… 做准备 79 take an active part in sth ＝ take part in sth actively 积极参加某事 have a positive influence on ＝ influence sth positively 对某物有积极影响 80 sth kills sb ＝ sth costs sb the life ＝ sth claims one’s life 某物杀了某人 81 be tired out ＝ be worn out ＝ be exhausted ＝ be burnt out ＝ be weary 累坏了 82 come into being/existence ＝ form/exist 存在，形成 83 make one’s dream come true ＝ realize/achieve one’s dream 实现某人的梦想 84 be over ＝ end ＝ put...to an end ＝ come to an end 结束 85 don’t/never do ＝ avoid doing ＝ keep away from doing 避免做 86 be able to do sth ＝ be capable of doing sth 能够做某事 87 use up ＝ run out of 用光 run out ＝ give out ＝ be used up 耗尽 88 cause sb to participate in sth ＝ involve sb in sth 让某人参加某事 89 A be responsible for B ＝ A causes/results in/leads to B A 是 B 的起因 90 bring about/result in/lead to/contribute to/account for/cause/make for 导致