专题02+代词-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题02+代词-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 代词分为九种。掌握代词首先要掌握各种代词的基本用法，其次要掌握同一类型代词的不同用法和不同意义。‎ 近年来，高考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词和替代词两个方面。其次考查人称代词主格和宾格的用法；反身代词的用法；名词性物主代词的用法；指示代词的用法。‎ 考点一 人称代词，物主代词和反身代词 人称代词有人称、数、格之分；物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；反身代词也有人称和数之分。见下表：‎ ‎ 人称和数 代词 ‎ 单数 复数 一 二 三 一 二 三 主格 I ‎ you ‎ he ‎ she ‎ it we you they 宾格 ‎ me ‎ you ‎ him her ‎ it us you them 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 1. 人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的用法 人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语和表语时用宾格；形容词性物主代词在句中作定语；名词性物主代词 作主语，宾语，表语，或与of连用；反身代词在句子中可作宾语，表语和同位语，但不能作主语。‎ ‎1. On my desk is a photo that my father took of ______ when I was a baby. (2010四川) ‎ A. him B. his C. me D. mine ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎2. Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her. (2011安徽)‎ A. them B. her C. itself D. herself ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】itself指代前面的hair。‎ ‎3. Our neighbors gave __________ a baby bird yesterday that hurt __________ when it fell from ‎ its nest. ‎ ‎（2008 湖南）‎ A. us; it B. us; itself C. ourselves; itself D. ourselves; it ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 1. it的用法 1) 指无生命的物，或上文提到的人或物。‎ ‎1. An average of just ‎18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. （2014浙江）‎ A. each B. it C. this D. one ‎ 【答案】B ‎ 【解析】it指代last year。‎ ‎ 2. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ______. (2011北京)‎ A. them B. those C. it D. that ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 it指代前面的the employment rate。‎ 2) 指不知性别的婴儿或无法确定的人。‎ ‎— Who’s that at the door?‎ ‎— _____ is the milkman. (2014全国)‎ A. He B. It C. This D. That ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】因为不知道门外是什么人，故用it指代不明性别的人。‎ 3) 作形式主语或形式宾语，指代后面的短语或从句。‎ 当不定式或主语从句作主语时，如果不定式或主语从句较长，则将其后置，而在主语位置用it 作形式主语；当不定式或宾语从句作宾语，后面还有宾语补足语时，要将其后置，而在宾语的位置用it作形式宾语；‎ ‎1. Susan made ______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. （2014山东）‎ A. that B. this C. it D. her ‎ ‎ 【答案】C ‎【解析】it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。‎ ‎2. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other. (2011山东)‎ ‎ A. it B. them C. her D. that ‎ 【答案】A ‎【解析】it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面不定式短语to tell one from the other。‎ ‎ 3. The doctor thought ______ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010 全国II)‎ A. this B. that C. one D. it ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ 1) 用于一些习惯用法。‎ Sarah made ___ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. (2012全国II)‎ A. herself B. this C. that D. it ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 句意：莎拉赶到机场，正好赶上早上的航班。make it是习惯用法，有很多含义，在此意为“到达”。‎ 注意：it，one代替名词时的区别：‎ it和one都能代替前面出现过的名词，it指代同名同物，one指代同名异物。例如：‎ ‎1. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _______based on your own interests. ‎ 答案：one。解析：句意：针对你的假期，我们有各种各样的夏令营。你可以根据你的兴趣选择一个。 one指代前面出现过的可数名词，表示“其中之一”。‎ ‎2. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy __________.‎ ‎ 答案：it。解析：句意：我喜欢这个带着漂亮花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱买它。It指代前面出现过的名词the house，指的是同一座房子，故用it。‎ ‎3. — There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow __________? ‎ ‎— No, I’d rather buy __________ in the bookstore. （2007 陕西）‎ A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 注意牢记一些用反身代词的习语：‎ be oneself 身体健康 come to oneself 苏醒过来 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 dress oneself 穿衣服 enjoy oneself 玩得快乐 help oneself to 随便吃；随便用；擅自拿 make oneself at home 不要拘束 make oneself understood 让别人理解自己 ‎ make oneself heard 使别人能听见自己说话 say to oneself 心里想 seat oneself 坐下 talk to oneself 自言自语 teach oneself 自学 by oneself 单独地 for oneself 为自己 of oneself 自动地 ‎ ‎ ‎ 考点二 不定代词 掌握不定代词要注意其表示肯定还是否定；用于肯定句还是疑问句或否定句；表示两者还是三者或三者以上；弄清楚no one, none的区别：no one回答who提出的问题，none回答how many/much提出的问题；弄清楚another, (the) other, (the) others的区别。‎ ‎1. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ______ contained any useful suggestions. (2015福建)‎ A. all B. none C. either D. neither ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎2. — When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? （2014江西）‎ ‎— __________. I’ll be in all day. ‎ A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】由语境可知，上午和下午都可以，故用either。‎ ‎3. A smile costs , but gives much.(2014重庆)‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：微笑不花钱，但却能给予很多。故用表示否定意义的不定代词nothing。‎ ‎4. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ______, knives and forks.（2014福建）‎ ‎ A. another B. others C. both D. all ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另一些国家，人们则用刀和叉。这里other=other countries。‎ ‎5．You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. （2014安徽）‎ A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：你可以向任何人寻求帮助。这儿的每个人都愿意伸出援手。everyone意为“每个人”。‎ ‎6. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that _______ one had his name written inside. (2012上海)‎ A. each B. every C. other D. another ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】each表示“（二者或二者以上的）每一（个）”，every表示“（三者或三者以上的）每一（个）”。‎ ‎7．My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop. (2012江西)‎ A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】我弟弟想买一块好表，可那个商店没有一个合适的。none意为“一个都没有”，符合句意。‎ ‎8. I’ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and ______ half learning drawing. (2010 全国)‎ A. another B. the other C. other’s D. other ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 一个假期分为两半，指另一半时，要用定冠词，即the other half。‎ ‎ ‎ 考点三 替代词one/ones和that/those one替代前面出现过的可数名词，以避免重复，复数用ones；that既可替代名词名词，也可替代不可数名词，替代可数名词时，复数用those；one, ones表示泛指，that, those表示特指。‎ ‎1. The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools. (2015天津)‎ A. that B. one C. it D. this ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎2. Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ______ of McDonald’s. (2012浙江)‎ A. those B. ones C. any D. all ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 those是替代词，代替前面的名词items。‎ ‎3. — Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. ‎ ‎— What do you think of ______ over there? (2011重庆)‎ A. the one B. this C. it D. that ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】that是替代词，指前面的不可数名词luggage。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than _______ in any other area of the city. ‎ A. that B. this C. it D. one ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎2. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do. ‎ A. either B. any C. neither D none ‎【答案】 C ‎【解析】由句意可知，两个人都不去。两者之间的全部否定用neither。‎ ‎3. One of the most important questions they had to consider was __________ of public health. ‎ A. what B. this C. that D. which ‎【答案】 C ‎ ‎【解析】that是替代词，代替the question，以避免重复。‎ ‎4. — Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? ‎ ‎—$4,000, or _____ like that. ‎ A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】something like意为“大约”，符合句意。‎ ‎5. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ______. ‎ A. the other B. other C. the others D. another ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】another在此指another cup of coffee。‎ ‎6. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ______ of them again.‎ A. neither B. either C. each D. all ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】句中提到的是temper和health两样东西，应在neither和either之间选择；句中有否定副词never，故只能用either。‎ ‎7. ______that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. ‎ ‎ A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】句意：重要的是你在尽最大努力，并向着正确的方向前进。all指“一切”，符合句意。‎ ‎8. She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ______ and moved to Cambridge. ‎ A. both B. neither C. none D. either ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎9. You are a team star! Working with ______ is really your cup of tea. ‎ A. both B. either C. others D. the others ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】泛指“其他人”应用others。‎ ‎10. Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none. ‎ A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎