2021届高三高考英语一轮复习语法专练 专题08 动词时态和语态专练（一）（解析版）

2021届高三高考英语一轮复习语法专练 专题08 动词时态和语态专练（一）（解析版）

第 1 页 共 7 页 2021 高考英语一轮复习语法考点动词时态和语态专练（一） 解析版 一、基础达标测试（本题共 20 小题，每题 1 分，共 20 分） 1.The family________ (be) very early risers in the past. 【答案】were 【解析】句意：在过去，这家人都是非常早起的人。此处表示这个家庭中的每个成员，因此谓语动词应该 使用复数形式。根据时间状语 in the past 可知句子的时态是一般过去时。故填 were. 2.It is the first time that my son __________ (meet) Zhong Nanshan, the renowned Chinese hero face to face. 【答案】has met 【解析】考查固定句型及现在完成时和主谓一致。it is the first time that+现在完成时，是第一次......，固定句 型，从句中主语 my son 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has.故填 has met. 3.The girl __________(shake) her head happily, and the pot of milk on her head immediately fell onto the ground. 【答案】shook 【解析】考查时态。句意：小女孩高兴地摇了摇头，她头上的牛奶罐立刻掉在了地上。根据 fell 可知，本 句用一般过去时，此处的意思是“女孩高兴地摇晃着头”；shake 的过去式是 shook.故填 shook. 4.In the last few years, China ________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 【答案】has made 【解析】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：在过去几年间，中国已在环境保护方面取得巨大成就。根据 该句的时间标志词 in the last few years 可知谓语用现在完成时，且主语 China 为单数。故填 has made. 5.A large percentage of the population in our country _____ (be) farmers. 【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。“a large (small) percentage of＋名词结构”用作主语时，其谓语的数原则上与 该结构中名词的数保持一致，由空后 farmers 可知，此处 population 指的是我们国家大部分的人，所以空处 be 动词需用复数，因为陈述一个事实，所以 be 动词需用 are.故填 are. 6.The father as well as his kids _________ (discuss) where to spend the weekend now. 【答案】is discussing 【解析】句意：这位父亲和他的孩子们正在讨论周末在哪里度过。根据时间状语 now 可知，此处表示动作 正在进行，应用现在进行时；as well as 遵循的是就远原则，所以谓语动词的形式由单数名词 The father 来决 第 2 页 共 7 页 定，因此谓语动词用相应的单数形式，故填 is discussing. 7.As time ________(go) by, she became more and more anxious about her son's safety. 【答案】went 【解析】考查动词时态。分析句子结构，as 引导的时间状语从句缺少谓语动词，根据主句动词 became 可知， 此处陈述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填 went. 8.It is the third time that he______( visit) our beautiful city Wuxi. 【答案】​ has visited 【解析】考查固定句式和现在完成时。在固定结构“It be the+序数词+time that...”中，be 使用现在时时，从句使用 现在完成时；be 是过去式时，从句使用过去完成时，本句使用的是 is，时态要使用现在完成时，主语 是 he，谓语用单数形式，故填 has visited. 9.It was quite a long time before he ________ (spot) his old teacher in the crowd. 【答案】spotted 【解析】考查时态。句意：过了很长一段时间他才在人群中认出他的老教师。由前半句 be 动词 was 可知， 空处谓语动词表示发生在过去的动作，所以需用一般过去时。故填 spotted. 10.He ___________(admit) that it was really his fault. 【答案】​ admitted 【解析】考查时态。根据从句中的 was 可知，本句是一般过去时，admit 的过去式是 admitted。故填 admitted. 11.Many a way ________ (use) to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 【答案】has been used 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：许多方法已经被用来防止污染，但天空仍然不明朗。此处用现 在完成时，表示过去发生的事对现在的影响。use 与主语 way 是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。 主语是 Many a way，谓语用三单形式，故填 has been used. 12.They are novels, plays and poems that ________ (write) a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays. 【答案】were written 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：很久以前写的小说、戏剧和诗歌，它们写得很好，现在人们仍 然在读它们。that 作主语，引导定语从句，谓语动词和先行词一致，先行词 novels, plays and poems 和 write 是动宾关系，根据 a long time ago 可知，这里用一般过去时的被动语态，先行词是复数，谓语动词用复数， 故填 were written. 第 3 页 共 7 页 13.I have been informed that the exhibition ___________ (hold) next week. 【答案】​ will be held 【解析】​ 考查语态。句意：我已得知展览会将于下周举行。由时间状语 next week 可知，空处谓语动词 需用一般将来时态，结合句意“展览将于下周举办”可知，空处谓语动词需用一般将来时态的被动语态：will be done.故填​ will be held. 14.Many a student ________ (send) to plant trees so far. 【答案】has been sent 【解析】考查谓语时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 so far 可知，句子时态为现在完成时 have/has done； many a 许多，修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；根据句意可知，学生是被派出去，用被动语态。故填 has been sent. 15.If you are caught smoking in this area, you __________ (fine) by the police. 【答案】will be fined 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：如果你在这个地区吸烟被发现，你将被警察罚款。根据主将 从现原则，本句应用一般将来时，主语 you 和动词 fine 之间是动宾关系，所以本空应用一般将来时的被动 语态。故填 will be fined. 16.What will you do if you __________ (bite) by mosquitoes at this very moment? 【答案】are being bitten 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如果你现在被蚊子叮咬，你会怎么做？根据时间 状语可知，本句应用进行时，根据主将从现原则，本句应用现在进行时，主语是 you，和 bite 之间是被动关 系，应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语是 you，谓语用 are，故填 are being bitten. 17.In 1997, the teaching building ___________ (name) after a national hero. 【答案】was named 【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 In 1997 可知，此处为一般过去时；主语 the teaching building 和 name 为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，其基本形式是：was/were+done.主语是单数名词， 谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填 was named. 18.He _________ (attack) by a dog when he was walking along the street. 【答案】was attacked 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：他在街上走的时候被一只狗袭击了。根据 when he was walking along the street 可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语 He 与动词 attack 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用 第 4 页 共 7 页 一般过去时的被动语态；主语 He 是第三人称单数，系动词用 was.故填 was attacked. 19.All those old buildings __________ (knock) down tomorrow. 【答案】will be knocked 【解析】考查时态及语态。句意：所有那些旧建筑物明天都要拆除。句中主语 buildings 与动词短语 knock down 之间是动宾关系，用被动语态。由句中时间状语“tomorrow”可知，时态是一般将来时。一般将来时的被动 语 态由“will+be+动词过去分词”构成。故填 will be knocked. 20.The castle ______(found) on the solid rock. 【答案】was founded 【解析】考查动词时态语态。结合语境“这座城堡建在坚固的岩石上。”可知，城堡建立过了，是发生在过去 的事情，需用一般过去时，the castle 和 found 之间为被动关系，主语为单数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称 单 数形式。故填 was founded. 二、真题实战演练（本题共 10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 1.(2019· 高考全国卷 Ⅰ) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements. 【答案】have reported 【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：近年来，一些因努伊特人报告在人类住区周围的熊出没增加。尤其时 间状语 in recent years 可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填 have reported. 2.(2019· 高考全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】are 【解析】考查考查主谓一致和时态。 句意：在十九个公认的北极熊亚群中，有三个正在下降，六个稳定， 一个在增加，九个缺乏足够的数据。根据 three are declining 和 one is increasing 可知，此处数词 six 作主语， 代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，而且时态为一般现在时，故填 are. 3.(2019· 高考全国卷 II ) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make) over the years. 【答案】have made 【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。根据从句 中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，故填 have made. 4.(2019· 高考浙江卷 )When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about 第 5 页 共 7 页 fashion(时尚). 【答案】will have/has 【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。when 引导的时间 状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时 will do；根据语境可知，叙述的是客观事实， 可用一般现在时，主语是 nobody，谓语用 has。故填 will have/has. 5.(2018·高考全国卷 I ) Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice. 【答案】has grown 【解析】考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自 2011 年以来,中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。根据句中 时间状语 Since 2011 可知,此处使用现在完成时,且主语为单数,故填 has grown. (2018·高考全国卷 II ) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers. 【答案】started 【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意:中国农业部发现在 2005 年和 2011 年之间,化肥的使用减少了 770 万吨。 2005 年政府启动了土壤检测项目,它向农民推荐特定的化肥。关系副词 when=in 2005,由此可知此处使用一般 过去时。故填 started. 7.(2017· 高考全国卷 II ) Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 【答案】were used 【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：蒸汽机被用来拉动车厢，这对乘客来说一定是相当不 愉快的，所有的烟雾和噪音。主语 Steam engines 和 use 之间为被动关系,且由上文语境和下文的 must have been 可知叙述的是过去发生的事,故需用一般过去时的被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故 be 动词需用 were，故填 were used. 8.(2017·高考全国卷 III ) Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 【答案】has been told/was told 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:Sarah 被告知她可以成为英国的一名新超模,第二年就可以有一百万美元的 收入。根据语境可知 Sarah 与 tell 之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。此处既可以用一般过去时态表示过去发生 的动作,也可以用现在完成时态,表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。故填 has been told/was told. 9.(2016·高考全国卷 III )Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 第 6 页 共 7 页 【答案】be made 【解析】考查固定词语搭配。be made of“由…制成”，句意：精美的筷子可能非由金银制成的筷子莫属，故 填 be made. 10.(2016·高考上海卷) In recent years, stress______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness 【答案】has been regarded 【解析考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是 in recent years 最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用， 且句子主语 stress 与动词 regard 构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式 has been regarded. 三、动词时态和语态专项综合训练（本题共 10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） The first zoo_1________(establish) around 3,500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment. Five hundred years later ，a Chinese emperor 2________ (build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth. Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals. Some of the early European zoos 3.____________(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of which made people disgusted.Later the zoos 4. (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5 __ (keep)in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the 1940s, scientists 6. __________(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then ， zoos 7.____________(try) to save many endangered species ， but relying on zoos 8.__________(save) species is not enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat. Today animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.___________(watch) carefully for any sign of disease.With specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can receive treatment when ill，all the animals there live a comfortable life. Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs have played an important role in 10.___________(protect) many species of wildlife. 1. 【答案】was established 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：大约 3500 年前，埃及女王为她的个人享受而建立了第一 个动物园。时间状语 around 3,500 years ago 表明谓语发生在过去，用过去时态，主语 the first zoo 和谓语 动词 establish 是被动关系，故填 was established. 2. 【答案】built 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意：五百年后，一个中国皇帝建造了一个巨大的动物园来展示他 的力量和财富。句中时间状语 Five hundred years later 是过去时态的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，故 填 built. 3. 【答案】consisted 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意： 一些早期的欧洲动物园由暗洞或肮脏的笼子组成，恶劣的条 第 7 页 共 7 页 件使人们厌恶。本句话的语境是过去，谓语动词用过去式。故填 consisted. 4.【答案】were replaced 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：后来，动物园被研究中心取代，那里的动物被研究并保 持良好。主语 the zoo 和谓语动词 replace 是被动关系，并且是过去时态，故填 were replaced. 5.【答案】kept 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：同上。animals there were studied and 5________是并列关 系，故填 kept. 6.【答案】understood 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意：早在 20 世纪 40 年代，科学家们就认识到理解许多种类的野生 动物面临灭绝。As early as the 1940s 是过去时态的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式, 故填 understood. 7. 【答案】have been trying 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意： 从那以后，动物园一直在努力拯救许多濒危物种。 时间状语 Since then“自从那以后”，谓语常用现在完成时，再根据具体语境，表示谓语动词一直在持续进行，谓 语需要用现在完成进行时。故填 have been trying. 8.【答案】to save 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意：从那以后，动物园一直在努力拯救许多濒危物种，但依靠动物 园拯救物种是不够的。考查短语 rely on sb to do sth 依靠某人做某事，故填 to save. 9.【答案】are watched 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：今天，大型和自然保护区的动物被喂食平衡的饮食，并 被仔细观察任何疾病的迹象。主语 animals 和谓语动词 watch 是被动关系，时间状语 today 是现在时的时 间状语，故填 are watched. 10.【答案】protecting 【解析】此题考查谓语动词时态。句意：无论如何，动物园的繁殖计划确实在保护许多野生动物物种方面 发挥了重要作用。空格前是介词 in,后面填写动名词形式，故填 protecting.