河北衡水中学2021届高三上学期新高考第四次调研英语试题 Word版含解析

河北衡水中学2021届高三上学期新高考第四次调研英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 2020~2021 学年度高三年级上学期四调考试 英语试卷 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考试务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号 涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 3 在答题卡上与题号相对应的答题区域内答题，写在试卷、草稿纸上或答题卡非题 号对应的答题区域的答案一律无效。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来 回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What would the woman like the man to do? A. Bring her a different keyboard. B. Pass her the cleaning liquid. C. Clean up her keyboard. 2. What time will the woman leave? A. At 2:25. B. At 2:30. C. At 2:45. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Getting old. B. Dressing suitably. C. Buying old clothes. 4. What is the woman's main concern about the man? A. His toothbrush is harming his teeth. B. He'll get fat from eating candy. C. His teeth won't be healthy. 5. What is the weather like now? A. Cold. B. Hot. C. Rainy. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C - 2 - 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每 小题 5 秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What does the man remind the woman to do? A. Turn down the heat. B. Bring her identification. C Leave money for the children. 7. How are the speakers getting to the airport? A. They are driving. B. They are taking a bus. C. They are getting picked up. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8-10 题。 8. What is David trying to do? A. Watch a movie. B. Work on his studies. C. Sing some songs. 9. Why is David annoyed about the last song? A. Anna sang it very badly. B. Anna sang it too much before. C. Anna kept repeating the four words of it. 10. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Brother and sister. C. Father and daughter. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What has the woman's aunt forbidden her to do? A. See the dolls. B. Talk about the dolls. C. Touch the dolls 12. What does the woman's aunt think of the dolls? A. They are uncomfortable. B. They are very valuable. C. They are old-fashioned. 13. How does the man probably feel in the end? A. Very worried. B. Quite surprised. C. little embarrassed. - 3 - 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. Who is the woman's favorite soccer player? A. Ronaldo. B. Salah. C. Messi. 15. When did the 9-year-old fan want Salah to score? A. During overtime. B. Near the end of regular time. C At the beginning of regular time. 16. Why did the 9-year-old fan want to get home early? A. She had homework to do. B. She wanted to sleep earlier. C. She needed to meet her teacher. 17. What does the woman seem to think about Salah? A. He always makes people happy. B. He really cares about his fans. C. He often misunderstands others. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 题 18. What is the weather usually like in October? A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Snowy. 19. What will the temperatures be during the wild storm? A. 56 degrees. B. 45 degrees. C. 40 degrees. 20. When will it be sunny again? A. On Thursday. B. On Friday. C. On Saturday. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Apollo Missions - 4 - “That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.” — Neil Armstrong Apollo’s Goals The national effort that enabled Astronaut Neil Armstrong to speak those words as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity. Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth. Apollo 13 Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship. When the associated heater was turned on during flight, the tank exploded depleting almost all of the power from the command module and forcing the crew to use the lunar module as a lifeboat. Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert came home safely thanks to the mission control team’s improvised procedures and their own ability to implement them.(Launch: April 11, 1970; splashdown: April 17) Apollo 14 Notable for the return of America’s first astronaut, Alan Shepard, to space, Apollo 14 also was probably the smoothest lunar landing to that point. The crew spent more than nine hours outside the - 5 - lunar module and set up a number of experiments. Shepard set a new distance record by walking more than 9,000 feet on the lunar surface, pulling a hand cart to carry their tools and samples.(Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9) Apollo 15 For the first time, humans drove a car on the Moon. The first of the Apollo “J” Missions-designed for longer stays on the Moon - the mission carried a lunar rover, which Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin used while they were on the surface for more than I8 hours. They traveled more than 17 miles in the rover, setting up experiments and collecting 170 pounds of samples. Before leaving the lunar surface, Scott conducted an experiment to test Galileo’s theory that objects in vacuum, without air resistance, would fall at the same rate. He dropped a geological hammer and a feather, which hit the ground at the same time, proving Galileo right.(Launch: July 26, 1971, lunar landing: July 30: splashdown: Aug. 7) 1. Why has Apollo 13 been called a “successful failure”? A. Apollo 13 finally exploded as planned in space. B. All the crew succeeded in landing on the Moon. C. The crew managed to escape from a severe accident and returned to Earth. D. The crew finished the experiment although they failed to land on the Moon. 2. Which of the following is True according to the passage? A. It took five days for Apollo 14 to reach the Moon. B. The lunar rover was used as a lifeboat for space travel. C. Shepard tested Galileo’s theory successfully on the Moon. D. Apollo 15 remained in space for the shortest period of time. 3. Which of the following column is this article most likely to be found? A. Booming Science B. Exploring the Unknown C. Mechanical World D. Transforming Moon 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B - 6 - 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章简要地讲述了，阿波罗登月计划任务的目标及阿波罗的几次太空登月 任务。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。由题干关键词 successful failure 可将答案定位于第三段。由第三段第一句“Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship.”（阿波罗 13 号被称为“成功的失败”，因 为机组人员从未登上过月球，但在爆炸使他们的飞船瘫痪后，他们安全地返回了月球。），可 知“成功的失败”是因为船员们设法从一次严重事故中逃脱，返回了地球。故选 C 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句的斜体字部分“Launch: Jan. 31, 1971: lunar landing: Feb. 5: splashdown, Feb. 9”（发射：1971 年 1 月 31 日：登月：2 月 5 日：溅落，2 月 9 日），可知 阿波罗 14 号花了五天时间到达月球。故选 A 项。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段的““That's one small step for a man. One giant leap for mankind.”— Neil Armstrong”（“这对一个男人来说是一小步。对人类来说是一个巨大的飞跃。”——尼 尔·阿姆斯特朗），第二段最后一句“Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.”（阿波罗计划的目标不仅仅是让美国人登上月球， 还要让他们安全返回地球。）和各段小标题 Apollo’s Goals、Apollo 13、Apollo 14 和 Apollo 15， 可知本文讲的是阿波罗太空登月计划，去探索未知的月球，推断出在文章的“探索未知”栏 出现。故选 B 项。 【点睛】在高考中，细节理解题为频繁常考题型，集中考查文中细节。在做此类题型时，同 学们可以先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅技巧迅速在文中找到这 一细节，把这部分内容仔细读一遍，比较所给选项与文中细节的细微差别。如在第 1 小题中， 分析问题，得到关键词 successful failure，迅速定位到第三段，找到句子“Apollo 13 has been called a “successful failure,” because the crew never landed on the Moon, but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship.”可知，“成功的失败”是因为船员们设法从一次严 重事故中逃脱，返回了地球。故选 C 项。 B - 7 - When is cleaning walls a crime? When you’re doing it to create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti (涂鸦). They find dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管). Either way, it’s the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cities. The UK’s Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London and has been appointed by a number of companies to make reverse graffiti advertisements. Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt. Made up of series of white skulls (颅骨), the painting reminds drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the planet. “Every motorist sits in the comfort of their car, but they don’t give any consideration to the price their comfort has for the environment and consequently for themselves,” says Orion. The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti artists confuses city authorities since the main argument against graffiti is that it spoils the appearance of both types of property: public and private. This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work: “Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighborhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.” Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.” How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again? As for the Brazilian artist’s work, the authorities were annoyed but could find nothing to charge him with. They had no other option but to clean the tunnel — but only the parts Alexandre had already cleaned. The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city officials then decided to take further action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo. 4. What do we learn from the passage about reverse graffiti? A. It uses paint to create anti-pollution images. B. It creates a lot of trouble for local residents. C. It causes lots of distraction to drivers. D. It turns dirty walls into artistic works. 5. What do we learn about Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion? A. He was good at painting white skulls. - 8 - B. He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art. C. He suggested banning all polluting cars. D. He was fond of doing creative artworks. 6. What does the author imply about Leeds City Council’s decision? A. It is simply absurd. B. It is well-informed. C. It is rather unexpected. D. It is quite sensible. 7. How did Sao Paulo city officials handle Alexandre Orion's reverse graffiti? A. They made him clean all the tunnels in Sao Paulo. B. They took further action to ban all reverse graffiti. C. They charged him with polluting tunnels in the city. D. They made it impossible for him to practice his art. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论涂鸦是否犯罪，讲述在涂鸦方面艺术家们和政府之间的矛盾： 艺术家们为了呼吁环保而涂鸦，而政府因为保护环境禁止涂鸦。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“to draw attention to the pollution in our cities(关注我们城市的污染)” 及第三段“The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti(反污染意义的涂鸦)”可知，艺术家 们涂鸦是为了创造反污染的概念。故选 A 项。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo's transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt.(在 2006 年，巴西艺术家 Alexandre Orion把Sao Paulo的交通隧道变成令人惊奇的涂鸦墙，使交通隧道摆脱尘土)”可知， Alexandre Orion 在交通隧道里涂鸦。故选 B 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段 “We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.(我们认为这种广告会破坏环境，所以要强力反对)”及“Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.”(Moose 被命令“改过自新”)”可知，前文讲述艺术家为了呼吁环 保而涂鸦，但是当局却认为涂鸦是污染环境的行为，禁止艺术家涂鸦。再根据“How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?(该怎么做呢？要把他所有 - 9 - 干净的杰作再弄脏吗？)”可推知，作者提出这样的问题是为了表达对当局做法的否定。故选 A 项。 【7 题详解】 推理 判断题。 根据第四 段“They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.(他们不仅要清除这个隧道的涂鸦，还有 Sao Paulo 里的每一个隧道)”可推知，圣保罗市 的官员们让亚历山大·奥利翁的涂鸦成为不可能。故选 D 项。 C Climate change leads to a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognizable from what we see today, with 10% to 12% facing severe erosion (侵蚀). Using updated sea level rise predictions, the researchers analyzed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher seas and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion, as well as human factors-like coastal building developments, all of which can affect a beach’s health. The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors, and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere, the worse the influences on the world’s beaches are likely to be. It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities. And in some areas, the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia, life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year. Some of the world’s most popular beaches are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up (修复) badly eroded shorelines, while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge, and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle. However, the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world’s beaches. If the world’s governments are able to stick to modest cuts to heat-trapping gas pollution, the researchers found that 22%of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented, a number that grows to 40%by 2100 if greenhouse gases are limited. - 10 - 8. Which is the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion? A. Damaging storms. B. Wave erosion. C. Coastal building. D. Sea level rise. 9. What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A. It is hard to protect coastal beaches. B. One third of storms take place near beaches. C. Beaches are of great significance to our lives. D. Most Australians live on beach tourism. 10. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 4? A. Popularizing the beaches. B. Holding sand in place. C. Reducing the project costs. D. Stopping global warming. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. Half beaches could disappear by 2100. B. Climate change is doing harm to our lives. C. The beach is more than a vacation destination. D. Governments are taking action to fight wave erosion. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 【解析】 本文是说明文。一项新研究显示：气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到 2100 年将有一半 的沙滩消失。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors,得知有很多因素会造成沙滩被侵蚀，其中海平面上升是导致沙滩严重侵蚀的最大因素。 故选 D。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段 It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities 得知很难夸 - 11 - 大世界上的海滩有多重要。它们覆盖了世界三分之一以上的海岸线，并保护着海岸线，保护 沿海地区免受风暴的侵袭。海滩也是重要的经济引擎，支持休闲、旅游和其它活动。第三段 强调了沙滩对人类生活非常重要。故选 C。 【10 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第四段 while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge, and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle.得知而另一些人则建造了海堤和防波堤，试图把珍贵的沙子固定住。但是这 些项目的金融和环境成本巨大，科学家说上升的海洋和更强大的风暴，因气候变暖而增压， 将会使得固定沙子是一场失败的举措。得知 this 指代的是 Hold sand in place。故选 B。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据 Climate change leads to a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found.得知文章首句就点明主题。一项新研 究显示：气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到 2100 年将有一半的沙滩消失。所以最佳标 题是“到 2100 年，一半的沙滩将会消失”。故选 A。 D The idea that having narrow local focus leaves little room for anything but a selfish mindset is a misconception, according to a new study that found that concern for local affairs could help with global environmental conservation. You might have heard of NIMBY which means “not in my back yard” and describes an individual or group opposed to a new addition to the neighborhood, typically a factory, roadway or power station. Nimbyism and parochialism(眼界狭小), which is a focus on a local area, can go hand in hand, and there are concerns that parochialism paves the way for prejudice, narrowmindedness, and selfishness. But researchers found the exact opposite to be true in a new study published. The researchers argue that positive parochialism can inspire a larger awareness of global environmental problems and encourage people to action. “We did not find evidence that parochialism was necessarily negative and inward -looking,” said Patrick, a researcher for the study. “It can be those things, but there's no necessary conflict between feeling connected to your local area and feeling connected to the wider world. ” - 12 - For the study, the researchers reviewed documents from the 1987 Parish Maps project. The researchers showed how the Parish Maps project also demonstrated a passion for the environment and conservation. The researchers say that the Parish Maps project is a strong example of “positive parochialism”, and shows that thinking locally can influence a global mindset. “For a long time, it has been generally agreed that if we want people to think about global affairs they need an international worldview-but this may not be the case,” said Patrick. “Given where we are now in terms of trying to encourage people to make changes to help the environment, positive parochialism offers something that has been overlooked.” 12. Which behavior can best illustrate NIMBY? A. Criticizing a friend for his selfish action. B. Accepting a proposal beneficial to locals. C. Supporting a neighborhood construction plan. D. Objecting to building an airport in the neighborhood. 13. Why does the author mention the Parish Maps project? A. To explain how to protect the environment. B. To offer an example of positive parochialism. C. To encourage people to take part in the project. D. To stress the importance of global mindset. 14. How does Patrick feel about “positive parochialism phenomenon”? A. Appreciative. B. Cautious. C. Negative. D. Puzzled. 15. What may be the best title for the text? A. Parochialism, a better practice? B. International view, more popular? C. Thinking locally, acting globally D. Bigger thinking, better environment 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项新的研究发现，关注地方事务有助于全球环境保护，认为 狭隘的地方关注只会让人产生自私的心态，是一种误解。 【12 题详解】 - 13 - 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“You might have heard of NIMBY which means “not in my back yard” and describes an individual or group opposed to a new addition to the neighborhood, typically a factory, roadway or power station.”（你可能听说过 NIMBY 这个词，意思是“不在我的后院”， 它指的是一个人或一个团体反对在社区内新建新设施，通常是工厂、道路或发电站。）可知， NIMBY 反对在附近建设一些项目。由此推知，反对在附近建机场能属于 NIMBY。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“For the study, the researchers reviewed documents from the 1987 Parish Maps project. The researchers showed how the Parish Maps project also demonstrated a passion for the environment and conservation. The researchers say that the Parish Maps project is a strong example of “positive parochialism” ,and shows that thinking locally can influence a global mindset.”（在这项研究中，研究人员回顾了 1987 年教区地图项目的文件。研究人员还展示了 教区地图项目如何表现出对环境和保护的热情。研究人员表示，教区地图项目是“积极狭隘 主义”的一个强有力的例子，表明本地思维可以影响全球思维。）可知，作者提到 Parish Maps project 是为了提供一个积极狭隘主义的例子。故选 B。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““For a long time, it has been generally agreed that if we want people to think about global affairs they need an international worldview-but this may not be the case,” said Patrick. “Given where we are now in terms of trying to encourage people to make changes to help the environment,4 positive parochialism' offers something that has been overlooked.””（帕特里克说:“长期以来，人们普遍认为，如果我们想让人们思考全球事务， 他们需要一种国际世界观。但事实可能并非如此。”“考虑到我们现在在鼓励人们做出改变 来帮助保护环境方面所做的努力，‘积极的狭隘主义’提供了一些被忽视的东西。”）可推 知，Patrick 对“积极的狭隘主义”是持欣赏的态度的。故选 A。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“The idea that having narrow local focus leaves little room for anything but a selfish mindset is a misconception, according to a new study that found that concern for local affairs could help with global environmental conservation.”（一项新的研究发 现，关注地方事务有助于全球环境保护，认为狭隘的地方关注只会让人产生自私的心态，这 是一种误解。）可知，文章讲述了一项新的研究发现，关注地方事务有助于全球环境保护，认 为狭隘的地方关注只会让人产生自私的心态，是一种误解。故 C 项：Thinking locally, acting - 14 - globally（立足本地，放眼全球）可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选 C。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，共 12.5 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。 Profitable Senior Service Businesses You Can Start Today This year, almost 4 million Americans will turn 65. That number will continue to grow for the next two decades. By 2030, it will grow to over 75million people. ____16____In fact, the U.S. Department of f Labor forecasts that senior service jobs will be the fastest-growing part of the job market for many years to come. ____17____As most seniors want to stay independent as long as possible, they, or their grown-up children, plan to use that increased wealth to make their lives better in their senior years. This will provide an abundance of moneymaking opportunities. Because most seniors want to age in place in their own homes, they often need help with daily tasks like meal preparation and housekeeping. Many are unable to drive and need reliable transportation for shopping trips and doctor's appointments. ____18____ Seniors also often need a reliable resource person-a “senior concierge”-to handle the tasks they are unable to do, such as scheduling home repairs, buying groceries or taking a pet to the vet. ____19____ There comes a time-usually in their 70s or 80s-when seniors downsize and move to a much smaller residence or a retirement community.____20____They help reduce the emotional stress associated with moving, so a senior has a gentle, and smooth transition to their new home. The growing number of seniors, and the service jobs they are creating, mean new opportunities for anyone who wants to start a business serving seniors. If you're looking for a rewarding job or home-based business providing essential services to this growing population of seniors, you'll find plenty of choices. A. The service can be started with just a few hundred dollars. B. Some senior service businesses require specialized medical training. C. Their homes need to be as fall-proof as possible, to prevent accidents. D. A senior relocation service professional helps those folks organize that move. E. That will bring many senior service jobs for those who are caring and capable. - 15 - F. Seniors today are richer than ever before with 31 percent enjoying “high income.” G. A senior concierge can fill in when the children of an elderly parent can't be there to help. 【答案】16. E 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. D 【解析】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一些专门服务老年人的高级服务职位。 【16 题详解】 文章第一段“This year, almost 4 million Americans will turn 65. That number will continue to grow for the next two decades. By 2030, it will grow to over 75million people.（今年，将近 400 万美国 人将年满 65 岁。这一数字在未来 20 年将继续增长。到 2030 年，人口将超过 7500 万。）”说明 美国人口现状。下文In fact, the U.S. Department of f Labor forecasts that senior service jobs will be the fastest-growing part of the job market for many years to come.（事实上，美国劳工部预测，在 未来许多年，高级服务职位将是就业市场增长最快的部分。）表示了对未来就业情况的预测。 E 项中的“That”指代的是上文的美国人口现状，“senior service jobs”与下文一致。故选 E 项。 【17 题详解】 根 据 设 空 处 下 文 “As most seniors want to stay independent as long as possible, they, or their grown-up children, plan to use that increased wealth to make their lives better in their senior years. （由于大多数老年人希望尽可能长时间保持独立，他们或他们的成年子女计划利用这些增加 的财富，让他们的老年生活得更好。）”可知设空处说的是老年人的收入情况。F 项中的“Seniors are richer”与下文“increased wealth”一致。故选 F 项。 【18 题详解】 通过上文“Because most seniors want to age in place in their own homes, they often need help with daily tasks like meal preparation and housekeeping. Many are unable to drive and need reliable transportation for shopping trips and doctor's appointments. （因为大多数老年人都想在自己家里 安享晚年，所以他们经常需要帮助做一些日常工作，比如做饭和家务。许多人不能开车，需 要可靠的交通工具来购物和预约医生。）”以及下文“Seniors also often need a reliable resource person-a “senior concierge”-to handle the tasks they are unable to do, such as scheduling home repairs, buying groceries or taking a pet to the vet.（老年人也经常需要一个可靠的顾问-一个“高级 看门人”来处理他们无法完成的任务，比如安排家庭维修、购买杂货或带宠物去看兽医。）”结 合上下文可知老年人需要雇人来完成他们做不到的事情。C 项表示他们的家需要尽可能防坠 落，以防发生意外。这种情况需要雇人维修，符合文意。故选 C 项。 - 16 - 【19 题详解】 上文“Seniors also often need a reliable resource person-a “senior concierge”-to handle the tasks they are unable to do, such as scheduling home repairs, buying groceries or taking a pet to the vet.（老年 人也经常需要一个可靠的顾问-一个“高级看门人”来处理他们无法完成的任务，比如安排家庭 维修、购买杂货或带宠物去看兽医。）”提出了一个“高级看门人”的职业。G 项指出当年迈父母 的子女不能在那里帮忙时，高级门房可以代替。且 G 项中的“A senior concierge”与上文一致。 故选 G 项。 【20 题详解】 设空处上文“There comes a time-usually in their 70s or 80s-when seniors downsize and move to a much smaller residence or a retirement community.（通常在 70 或 80 多岁的时候，老年人会缩小 规模，搬到更小的住所或退休社区。）”说明老年人通常会在 70 或 80 多岁的时候搬迁。D 项意 为一位高级搬迁服务专业人员会帮助这些人组织搬迁，符合文意。故选 D 项。 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。 Every year, I circle the first day of spring on our calendar. In this way, it won't slip by___21___. I'm not sure why ____22____ the calendar to announce spring's arrival, since it has so little bearing on the matter. Spring comes when it's good and ready; sometimes well before its ____23____day, sometime well after. For years, spring in our town was ____24____ by Leon and Jo Martin, who owned the Dairy Queen. Every year, they would ____25____ the words “Now Hiring” on their sign. I would walk past to see Leon and Jo Martin ____26____ for their spring opening. It was as ____27____ an indication of spring as any calendar, and after the Dairy Queen was sold to an out-of-town outfit who kept it ____28____ all year round, it threw off our towns' circadian rhythms（昼夜节 律）.____29____, when Johnston's grocery store _____30_____ selling snowplows and starts selling lawn mowers（割草机） that's a pretty good _____31_____ winter's grip（抓紧，把手，柄） has loosened. But let us suppose Johnston's store ignores its duty and we are left _____32_____ of spring's arrival. We would then have to look and see whether Bill Edd, our town's plumber（水暖工），was - 17 - wearing coat._____33_____ the first leaf dries up and falls to the ground in autumn, Bill _____34_____his brown Carhartt coat and doesn't remove it until next spring. I've known Bill since we were very young, so I am well acquainted with his _____35_____. 21. A. unnoticed B. unrequested C. unrealistic D. unchallenged 22. A. put away B. learn about C. depend on D. make up 23. A. working B. closing C. equipped D. appointed 24. A. ignored B. indicated C. celebrated D. interrupted 25. A. post B. receive C. exchange D. coin 26. A. searching B. charging C. readying D. demanding 27. A. general B. accurate C. casual D. invisible 28. A. open B. neat C. stylish D. fresh 29. A. Naturally B. Surprisingly C. Specifically D. Fortunately 30. A. admits B. ceases C. considers D. suggests 31. A. sign B. chance C. function D. preparation 32. A. clear B. guilty C. worthy D. unaware 33. A. Although B. When C. Because D. Until 34. A. hangs up B. pulls on C. gives away D. shows off 35. A. family B. business C. hobbies D. habits 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述小镇依靠镇民的习惯、开店时间、出售的商品作为春天到来 的信号。 【21 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每年我都会在日历上圈出春天的第一天，恐怕它悄悄溜走。A. unnoticed 未注意的；B. unrequested 未被要求的；C. unrealistic 非现实的；D. unchallenged 没有 - 18 - 异议的。根据下文“Spring comes when it's good and ready; sometimes well before…, sometimes well after.”可知，春天的到来或早或迟，很容易在不经意间溜走，故选 A 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不确定，为什么要依靠日历来宣布春天的到来，因为这和这件 事没有关系。A. put away 收拾起来；B. learn about 了解；C. depend on 依靠；D. make up 构成。 根据下一句“since it has so little bearing on the matter.”可知，此处是指作者不明白既然春天和日 历没什么关系，为什么大家还要依靠日历。故选 C 项。 【23 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春天有时按时到来；有时早来，有时晚来。A. working 工作的； B. closing 关闭的；C. equipped 配备的；D. appointed 约定的，指定的。根据上文“circle the first day of spring on our calendar.” 及 “Spring comes when it's good and ready; sometimes well before…, sometimes well after.”可知，大家都先在日历上做记号，标注日期。但是有时春天按 时到来，有时在指定日期前来，有时在指定日期后来，故选 D 项。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我们镇都是由 Leon 和 Jo Martin 提示春天的到来。A. ignored 忽视；B. indicated 表明，暗示；C. celebrated 庆祝；D. interrupted 插嘴。根据“It was as….an indication of spring as any calendar,”可知，Leon 和 Jo Martin 可以暗示我们春天来了。故选 B 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年他们都会在他们的招牌上张贴用“Now Hiring”（现在开始招租） 的字样。A. post 张贴，宣布；B. receive 接收；C. exchange 交换；D. coin 创造。根据“the words “Now Hiring” on their sign.”可知，Leon 和 Jo Martin 把写着“now hiring”字样的牌子张贴在招牌 上。故选 A 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我路过时，会看到 Leon 和 Jo Martin 正在为春季开业做准备。A. searching 搜索；B. charging 控告，收费；C. readying 准备；D. demanding 要求。根据““Now Hiring” on their sign”可知，Leon 和 Jo Martin 挂上这个提示牌是为了春季营业做准备，故选 C 项。 【27 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种春天的暗示如同日历一样准确。A. general 普通的；B. accurate - 19 - 精确的；C. casual 随意的；D. invisible 看不见的。结合上下文可知，此处是指 Leon 和 Jo Martin 春季开门营业的时间就如同 Dairy Queen 的作用一样，能精确的提示春天的到来，故选 B 项。 【28 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在 Dairy Queen 被卖给外地的某个团队之后，这个店面全年开业。 这影响了我们的昼夜节律。A. open 打开的；B. neat 干净的；C. stylish 时髦的；D. fresh 新鲜 的。根据 “it threw off our towns' circadian rhythms”可知，原来 Dairy Quee 只有招租时才提示镇 民春天要来了，而卖出去之后却起不到提示春天的作用了，可推测新店和 Dairy Queen 开业时 间不一样，故选 A 项。 【29 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，当 Johnston 的杂货店停止出售扫雪机，开始卖割草机 时，那就预示着冬天要过去了。A. Naturally 自然地；B.Surprisingly 惊奇地；C.Specifically 特 有地；D. Fortunately 幸运地。根据“that's a pretty good…winter's grip has loosened.”可知，它可 以提示冬天要过去了，春天要来了，所以人们觉得很幸运，故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，当 Johnston 的杂货店停止出售扫雪机，开始卖割草机 时，那就预示着冬天要过去了。A. admits 承认；B. ceases 停止；C. considers 考虑；D. suggests 建议。根据“starts selling lawn mowers …winter's grip has loosened.”可知，杂货店开始卖割草机， 预示冬天过去，所以不卖扫雪机了，故选 B 项。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，当 Johnston 的杂货店停止出售扫雪机，开始卖割草机 时，那就预示着冬天要过去了。A. sign 迹象；B. chance 机会；C. function 功能；D. preparation 准备。根据“starts selling lawn mowers”可知，商店已经开始卖割草机了，所以预示着春天要来 了，故选 A 项。 【32 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是我们可以设想一下，如果 Johnston 不尽职责，那么我们就 意识不到春天到了。A. clear 清楚的；B. guilty 愧疚的；C. worthy 值得的；D. unaware 无意识 的。根据“suppose Johnston's store ignores its duty”可知，当 Johntson 闭店时，就没有什么可以 让大家意识到春天的迹象了，故选 D 项。 【33 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：当第一片树叶在秋天枯干落到地上时，Bill 会穿上他的棕色 Carhartt - 20 - 大衣，直到明年春天才脱下来。A. Although 虽然；B. When 当…时；C. Because 因为；D. Until 直到…。根据句意可知，此处用 when“当”引导时间状语从句符合语境。故选 B 项。 【34 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当第一片树叶在秋天枯干落到地上时，Bill 会穿上他的棕色 Carhartt 大衣，直到明年春天才脱下来。A. hangs up 挂断电话，终止；B. pulls on 穿；C. gives away 捐 赠；D. shows off 炫耀。根据“doesn't remove it until next spring.”可知，Bill 直到第二年春天才脱 下来，那么之前应是一直穿着的，故选 B 项。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从小我就认识 Bill，所以我熟知他的习惯。A. family 家庭；B. business 商业；C. hobbies 爱好；D. habits 习惯。根据“I've known Bill since we were very young”可知， 从小我就认识 Bill，所以我了解他换衣服的习惯，故选 D 项。 第Ⅱ卷（共 60 分） 注意：将答案写在答题页上。写在本试卷上无效。 第二节（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。 Virtual doctor app Babylon Health _____36_____(accidental) showed users videos of other patients' consultations with their doctors, _____37_____ are strictly confidential. The event appeared after a U.K. user said they were able to access dozens _____38_____ videos of other patients' sessions. An investigation by Babylon revealed that a software error was to blame as opposed to a cyberattack. The London set-up that _____39_____(value) at $2 billion last August, said it has fixed the problem and informed the Information Commissioner's Office(ICO), the U.K. data regulator. ____40____(found)in 2013 by Dr. Ali Parsa, Babylon has built an app that ____41____(allow) people to make video calls to doctors and other healthcare professionals, and get an electronic prescription. It has around 5.6 million users worldwide, with over 2.3 million of those based in the U.K. Babylon said it takes security very seriously and ____42____ it has contacted the affected patients to apologize. “On the afternoon of Tuesday June we ____43____(identify) and resolved the issue within two hours,” a Babylon spokesperson said. “People's medical data is highly sensitive information not only do people expect it ____44____(handle) carefully and securely, organizations also have a(n)_____45_____(responsible) - 21 - under the law,” an ICO spokesperson said. “Babylon Health contacted the ICO regarding the incident and advice was provided.” 【答案】36. accidentally 37. which 38. of 39. was valued 40. Founded 41. allows 42. that 43. identified 44. to be handled 45. responsibility 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。虚拟医生应用程序 Babylon Health 不小心向用户展示了其他患者与医生会 诊的视频，这些视频是严格保密的。文章介绍了 Babylon 的一些背景知识以及它对这一事件的 做法。 【36 题详解】 考查副词。句意：虚拟医生应用程序 Babylon Health 不小心向用户展示了其他患者与医生会诊 的视频，这些视频是严格保密的。修饰后文动词 show 应用副词 accidentally，作状语。故填 accidentally。 【37 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：虚拟医生应用程序 Babylon Health 不小心向用户展示了其他患者与医生 会诊的视频，这些视频是严格保密的。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 users videos，先 行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用 which 引导，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填 which。 【38 题详解】 考查介词。句意：此前，一位英国用户表示，他们能够访问其他患者的数十个疗程的视频。 结合句意表示“数十个”短语为 dozens of。故填 of。 【39 题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：这家去年 8 月估值 20 亿美元的伦敦机构表示，它已经解决了这个 问题，并通知了英国数据监管机构信息专员办公室。根据后文 last August 可知用一般过去时， 且此处为定语从句修饰先行词 set-up，先行词在从句中作主语，与谓语动词构成被动关系，用 一般过去时的被动语态，从句谓语动词与先行词保持一致，应用单数。故填 was valued。 - 22 - 【40 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2013 年，由 Dr. Ali Parsa 创立的 Babylon 开发了一款应用程序，可以 让人们与医生和其他医疗专业人士视频通话，并获得电子处方。分析句子结构可知 found 在句 中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 Babylon 构成被动关系，故应用过去分词，句首单词首字 母要大写。故填 Founded。 【41 题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：2013 年，由 Dr. Ali Parsa 创立的 Babylon 开发了一款应用程 序，可以让人们与医生和其他医疗专业人士视频通话，并获得电子处方。此处为定语从句修 饰先行词 app，从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致，且从句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故谓 语动词用第三人称单数。故填 allows。 【42 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：Babylon 表示，他们非常重视安全问题，已经与受影响的患者进行了联 系并道歉。此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用 that；且 and 连接两个或两 个以上的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可以省略，后面的 that 不能省。故填 that。 【43 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：一位 Babylon 发言人表示：“6 月周二下午，我们在两小时内发现并解 决了这个问题”。根据上文“On the afternoon of Tuesday June”可知应用一般过去时。故填 identified。 【44 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：ICO 发言人说：“人们的医疗数据是高度敏感的信息，人们不仅希望 它得到谨慎和安全的处理，根据法律，组织也有责任”。分析句子结构可知 handle 在句中应 用非谓语动词形式，此处为不定式作宾补，且 it 与 handle 构成被动关系，故应用 to be done 形式。故填 to be handled。 【45 题详解】 考查名词。句意：ICO 发言人说：“人们的医疗数据是高度敏感的信息，人们不仅希望它得到 谨慎和安全的处理，根据法律，组织也有责任”。空处作宾语，表示“责任”应填名词 responsibility，表抽象概念，不可数。故填 responsibility。 第四部分写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分） 46. 某英文报将组织一场中学生英语作文比赛。请以“My Dream”为题，写一篇短文参赛。内 - 23 - 容包括： 1.你的梦想是什么 2.梦想产生的原因； 3.你打算如何实现它。 注意：1.写作词数应为 80 词左右： 2 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【答案】My Dream Different people have different dreams. Since my childhood, I have been dreaming of becoming a doctor. When Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering an effective cure for malaria, I was greatly inspired by her to learn medicine. What's more, the courage Zho Nanshan and other doctors have displayed hardened my resolve. It is their wisdom and efforts that have saved tens of thousands of people. Though it is difficult to make my dream come true, nothing will prevent me from achieving it. I will study hard, which will provide a solid foundation for my future major in college . 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章要求考生以“My Dream”为题，写一篇短文参加中学生英语作文比赛。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：说明文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。 结构：总分法 总分法是指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1.你的梦想是什么 2.梦想产生的原因； 3.你打算如何实现它。 第二步：列提纲（重点词组） - 24 - dream of doing；harden one’s resolve；tens of thousands of people；make one’s dream come true； prevent sb. from doing sth. 第三步：连词成句 1.Different people have different dreams. 2.Since my childhood, I have been dreaming of becoming a doctor. 3.When Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering an effective cure for malaria, I was greatly inspired by her to learn medicine. 4.The courage Zho Nanshan and other doctors have displayed hardened my resolve. 5.It is their wisdom and efforts that have saved tens of thousands of people. 6.Though it is difficult to make my dream come true, nothing will prevent me from achieving it. 7.I will study hard, which will provide a solid foundation for my future major in college . 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态的问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 表并列补充关系：What’s more 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】[高分句型 1] It is their wisdom and efforts that have saved tens of thousands of people.（it is…that…为强调句） [高分句型 2] I will study hard, which will provide a solid foundation for my future major in college .（which 引导 非限制性定语从句） 第二节（满分 25 分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My senior year of high school was an extremely busy one, to say the least. If I wasn't studying and worrying about my grades, I was taking part in multiple extracurricular activities or attempting to make preparations for college. Finally, as my senior year began to wind down, I got a part-time job at the local cafe. I had - 25 - figured that the job would be easy and, for the most part, stress-free. I pictured myself pouring excellent coffee, making delicious cakes and becoming close friends with the regular customers. What I hadn't counted on were the people with great orders who chose to use the drive-through window, or the women who felt that the coffee was much too creamy, or the men who wanted their iced coffee remade again and again until it reached a certain level of perfection. There were moments when I was annoyed with the human race as a whole, simply because I couldn't seem to please anyone. Nevertheless, I kept at it. One miserable rainy day, I spent my afternoon handing people their orders and waiting as they slowly counted their pennies. I tried to smile as the customers complained about the rain, but it was difficult to smile as they sat in their temperature-controlled cars with the windows rolled up. While I dealt with huge droplets of water hanging from my visor（帽舌）. On top of that, no one was tipping. Every time I looked into my nearly empty tip jar, grew more depressed. Around four o'clock, one of my regular customers named Hank came in looking depressed and defeated. My coworker and I asked what the problem was and if we could help, but he wouldn't reveal any details. He just said he felt like crawling into bed, pulling the sheets up over his head and staying there for a few years. I knew exactly how he felt. 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph1： Before Hank left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ Paragraph 2： Around seven o'clock the next evening, Hank drove up to the window. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1： - 26 - Before Hank left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee. He looked at me questioningly because he hadn't ordered anything but the coffee. He opened the bag and saw that I had given him his favorite type of cake." It's on me, " I told him. " Have a nice day. " He smiled and thanked me before turning around and heading back out into the rain. Paragraph 2： Around seven o'clock the next evening, Hank drove up to the window. Instead of ordering anything, he handed me a single pink rose. He said that not too many people took the time to care about others, and he was glad there were still people like me in the world. I was very touched and almost forgot what had happened the previous day. I happily thanked him. As the day passed, I had plenty of complaining customers, but anytime I felt depressed, I thought of Hank and his kindness. I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and politely ask, " How can I help you?" 【解析】 【分析】 本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了作者在高三即将结束的时候，在当地的一家咖啡馆找到了一 份兼职工作。原以为这份工作很容易，而且在大多数情况下没有压力。结果发现有些顾客的 要求出乎意料，这让作者感到恼火。在一个阴雨绵绵的日子里，作者忙了一下午，却没有人 给小费，他感到无比沮丧，这时，一位叫 Hank 的老顾客，看起来很沮丧，作者和同事询问原 因，Hank 不愿透露任何细节。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Hank 离开前，我递给他一个袋子和他的冰咖啡。”可知，第一段可描 写作者递给 Hank 袋子里的东西以及对 Hank 的安慰，Hank 表示感谢。 ②由第二段首句内容“第二天晚上七点钟左右，Hank 开车来到窗前。”可知，第二段可描写 Hank 送给作者玫瑰表示感谢，并且因为 Hank 的善良，作者对自己的工作充满信心。 2.续写线索：Hank 疑惑地看着作者——Hank 打开袋子，看到了蛋糕——Hank 表示感谢 ——Hank 递给作者玫瑰——作者非常感动——作者高兴地感谢 Hank——想到 Hank 的善良， 不再沮丧 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①疑惑地看着：look at sb. questioningly/look at sb. with puzzlement ②打开：open/turn on - 27 - ③递给：hand sb. sth./pass sb. sth. ④想到：think of/occur to/come up with 情绪类 ①感谢：thank/be grateful ②感动的：touched/moved ③高兴地：happily/cheerfully/joyfully ④沮丧的：depressed/discouraged 【点睛】[高分句型 1] He opened the bag and saw that I had given him his favorite type of cake.（that 引导宾语从句） [高分句型 2] I was very touched and almost forgot what had happened the previous day. (what 引导宾语从句）