2020届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit3Understandingeachother单元学案设计（70页）

2020届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit3Understandingeachother单元学案设计（70页）

‎2020届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit3Understanding each other单元学案设计 单元话题阅读 Many countries follow special customs when a child’s baby teeth fall out. Many of these customs tell stories about animals taking the teeth.‎ For example，Koreans have the custom of throwing the fallen tooth onto the roof of a house so that a magpie(喜鹊) can take the tooth away and bring a new tooth for the child. This custom is also followed by some other Asian countries，such as Japan and Vietnam.‎ Other countries，though，have tooth customs about other animals. In Mexico and Spain，for example，it is thought that a mouse takes a fallen tooth away and leaves some money. But in Mongolia，it is dogs that take children’s teeth away. Dogs are highly respected in Mongolian culture. It is believed that the new tooth will grow strong if the baby tooth is fed to a dog，so parents in Mongolia will put their children’s fallen teeth in a piece of meat and feed it to a dog.‎ In France and the USA，a child will put a fallen tooth under his or her pillow before going to bed. It is thought that in the early morning，when the child is still sleeping，the Tooth Fairy will take the tooth away and leave something else under the pillow. What she will leave is hard to know. It is said that in France the Tooth Fairy may leave some candies；however，in the United States，she may leave money.‎ 阅读短文，回答下列问题 ‎1．In Vietnam，if a child’s tooth falls out，what will he or she do?‎ Throw it onto the roof of a house.‎ ‎2．What’s the main idea of this passage?‎ Customs about fallen teeth in different countries.‎ Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Prereading ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．greet　　　　　　 A．公鸡 ‎2．hug B．学期末 ‎3．endofterm C．和某人打招呼(或问好)‎ ‎4．wedding D．婚礼 ‎5．rooster E．拥抱，抱紧 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．ensure A．向(某人)道贺，祝贺 ‎7．congratulate B．招待会；接待；接受 ‎8．reception C．允许，准许；许可证 ‎9．permit D．保证，担保，确保 ‎10．prohibit E．(尤指以法令)禁止 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．throughout A．适应，习惯；调整，调节 ‎12．offence B．拇指 ‎13．thumb C．习惯于；惯常的 ‎14．adjust D．冒犯；侮辱 ‎15．accustomed E．自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎[第四组]‎ ‎16．alike A．焰火，烟花 ‎17．familiar B．庆典；庆祝活动 ‎18．celebration C．新郎 ‎19．firework D．相像，十分相似 ‎20．bridegroom E．通晓；熟悉 答案　16.D　17.E　18.B　19.A　20.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading What’s the main idea of this passage?‎ A．Most countries have the same customs at the wedding ceremony.‎ B．Two heads are better than one.‎ C．Different countries have different cultures.‎ D．When in Rome，do as Romans do.‎ 答案　C Step 2　Carefulreading ‎1． ，it is rude not to open a present when someone gives you one.‎ A．In the West B．In the Middle East C．In China D．In Japan 答案　A ‎2．If a man joins in a wedding reception in Brunei，he has to .‎ A．sit with the bride B．sit with the bridegroom and the other men C．stand all the time D．leave at once 答案　B ‎3．If you attend a wedding reception in Brunei，chances are that you can’t drink .‎ A．tea B．Coca Cola C．coffee D．alcohol 答案　D ‎4．If you come to ，you will have to take off your shoes before entering someone’s house.‎ A．Brunei B．cities in the UK C．the countryside in China D．both A and B 答案　A Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ ‎1.Cultural differences Situations Reactions/Practices Festivals The British 2.celebrate Bonfire Night on November 5th every year.‎ ‎ Americans are 3.unfamiliar with the festival.‎ Presents In the West，it’s 4.polite to open a present when someone gives you it.‎ Wedding in Korea A 5.live hen and a rooster are used as a part of the wedding ceremony to drive away bad spirits and ensure good luck for the marriage.‎ ‎ in Brunei Men sit with the bridegroom 6.while women sit with the bride.‎ ‎ Guests are 7.served with food，soft drinks，tea and coffee，but no alcohol.‎ ‎ People play drums 8.loudly to celebrate it for hours and even all the night.‎ Other customs In Brunei，people point with their thumb 9.instead of their first finger.Besides，they have to remove their shoes before 10.entering someone’s house.‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning ‎1．Waled，why don’t you tell her about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he received it at the endofterm ceremony?‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[自主翻译]　瓦利德，你为什么不向她讲一讲那位在期末典礼上一收到礼物就打开的英国老师的事呢？‎ Unit 3　Understanding each other2.Another difference is that while we serve food，soft drinks，tea and coffee，alcohol is not permitted at the ‎ wedding reception—in fact，alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。that引导的是表语从句，在这个从句中，while引导的是让步状语从句。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　另一个不同之处是在结婚喜宴上我们提供食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但酒是不允许的——事实上，在文莱(的婚礼上)酒是完全被禁止的。‎ ‎3．It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.‎ ‎[句式分析]　it作形式主语，动名词短语作真正的主语。watching the new...为“watch＋宾语＋宾补”结构。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace.This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables：language，religion，values and attitudes，manners and customs，aesthetics，technology，education，and social institutions.To cope with this system，an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture.To some extent，the factual knowledge can be learned；its interpretation comes only through experience.‎ The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment lie in the ‎ fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live in it.Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity.One is that business is business the world around，following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s.In some cases，globalization is a fact of life；however，cultural differences are still far from converging(会合)．‎ The other school proposes that companies must adapt business approaches to individual cultures.Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant；the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection.The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia(近视) or even blindness.‎ Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas.The internationally successful companies all share an important quality：patience.They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles.These principles are to know your adversary (对手)，know your audience，and know your customer.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲述了文化背景对商业运作的影响。文中列举了商界中存在的对待文化多样性的两种观点。‎ ‎1．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?‎ A．Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.‎ B．All international managers can learn culture.‎ C．Business diversity is not necessary.‎ D．Most people do not know foreign culture well.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity.”可知，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。‎ ‎2．According to the author，the model of Pepsi .‎ A．is different from the model of McDonald’s B．shows the reverse of globalization C．has converged cultural differences D．is in line with the theories that business is business the world around 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第二段最后两句可知，百事公司采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张商业国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。故选D项。‎ ‎3．The two schools of thought .‎ A．both propose that companies should adapt business approaches to individual cultures B．both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries C．both admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world D．both A and B 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，两个派别都承认商业界中文化的多元性。他 们的不同在于，对待不同的文化应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。‎ ‎4．This article is supposed to be most useful for those .‎ A．who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity B．who have connections to more than one type of culture C．who want to run business on international scale D．who want to travel abroad 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。由文中的例子可知，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。因此本文对那些想要在国际范围内经营业务的人来说是非常有用的。故选C。‎ B Many foreign students report they feel lonely in Australia.It is among the reasons why Australia is taking a close look at its international education industry.The government has formed an advisory council(咨询委员会) to help develop a fiveyear national strategy for the future of international education in Australia.But wherever international students go，making friends may be no easy task.‎ ‎ ‎ Elisabeth Gareis of Baruch College in New York surveyed four hundred international students.They were attending fouryear colleges in America.Students from Englishspeaking countries and from northern and central Europe were more likely to be happy with their friendships.But thirtyeight percent of the international students said they had no close friends in the United States.And half of the students from East Asia said they were unhappy with the number of American friends they had.Thirty percent said they wished their friendships could be deeper and more meaningful.‎ Professor Gareis says，“International students especially students from East Asia have cultures that are different on many levels from the culture of the United States.But there are also language problems，and maybe some social skills，such as small talk，that are possibly not important in their native countries，where it’s not important to start friendships with small talk.Many East Asian students blamed themselves for their limited friendships with Americans.They blamed themselves for not speaking the language well enough and not knowing the culture well enough.There were also some comments on the college environment.Many of them worked in labs where they were surrounded by other East Asians.”‎ Professor Gareis also says，“International students who make friends with host nationals are，overall，more satisfied with their stay in the host country.They have better language skills，they have better academic performance and they have better attitudes toward the host country.So when they return home，they can foster(促进) productive relations with the former host country.”‎ 语篇解读　许多外国学生说他们在澳大利亚感到孤独。但不管国际学生去哪儿，交朋友可能都不是那么容易的事情。‎ ‎5．What can we know from the first paragraph?‎ A．International students are not welcomed in Australia.‎ B．The Australian government pays little attention to international education.‎ C．Most international students are not good at making friends in foreign countries.‎ D．Making friends in foreign countries is not always easy for international students.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But wherever international students go，making friends may be no easy task.”可知，对于国际学生来说，在外国交朋友并不总是一件容易的事情。‎ ‎6．According to Professor Gareis， .‎ A．cultural difference can affect foreign students to make friends B．foreign students should learn some basic social skills well first C．not speaking English well enough is the biggest problem for foreign students D．the poor environment should be blamed for foreign students’ lack of friends 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，加雷斯教授认为，国际学生尤其是东亚学生国家的文化与美国文化有很大差异，这是影响国际学生交友的因素之一。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Most students from East Asia have no friends in western countries.‎ B．International students can’t make real friends in foreign countries.‎ C．International students are more likely to remain in the host country after graduation.‎ D．International students who make friends from their host countries feel happier with their experience.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据末段的“International students who make friends with host nationals are，overall，more satisfied with their stay in the host country.”可知，在东道国交到朋友的学生对于自己的留学体验更加满意。‎ ‎8．In which section of the newspaper can we most probably find the passage?‎ A．Politics. B．Education.‎ C．Culture. D．Economy.‎ 答案　B 解析　文章出处题。本文主要介绍了国际学生在外国交友困难的问题。这引起了澳大利亚政府和许多教育学者的关注。由此可推知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的教育版块。‎ C A smooth sea never made a skilled mariner.‎ ‎“Don’t worry if you have problems！” It is easy to say until you are in the midst of a really big one.The only people who don’t have troubles are gathered in little neighborhoods.Most communities have at least one.We call them cemeteries.If you’re breathing，you have difficulties.It’s the way of life.And believe it or not，most of your problems may actually be good for you! Let me explain.‎ Maybe you have heard the Great Barrier Reef，stretching some 1,800 miles from New Guinea to Australia.Tour guides regularly take visitors to view the reef.‎ On one tour，a traveler asked the guide an interesting question.“I notice that the lagoon(泻湖) side of the reef looks pale and lifeless，while the ocean side is vibrant and colorful，” the traveler observed.Why is this?‎ The guide gave an interesting answer，“The coral around the lagoon side is in still ‎ water，with no challenge for its survival.It dies early.The coral on the ocean side is constantly being tested by wind，waves and storms.It has to fight for its survival every day.As it is challenged and tested，it changes and adapts.It grows healthy.It grows strong.And it reproduces.”‎ Then he added，“That’s the way it is with every living organism.”‎ That’s how it is with people.Challenged and tested，we come alive! Like coral pounded by the sea，we grow.Physical demands can cause us to grow stronger.Mental and emotional stress can produce toughmindedness and resilience.Spiritual testing can produce strength of character and faithfulness.So，you have problems？No problem! Just tell yourself，“There I grow again！”‎ Remember：A smooth sea never made a skilled mariner.‎ 语篇解读　本文通过介绍生活中的困难和挑战，告诉我们要勇敢面对困难，因为它可以促进我们的成长。‎ ‎9．Who has no problems according to the passage?‎ A．The persons who are very famous.‎ B．The persons who have much money.‎ C．The persons who have been born.‎ D．The persons who are living in the cemeteries.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The only people who don’t have troubles are gathered in little neighborhoods.Most communities have at least one.We call them cemeteries.”可知，没有问题的人都聚集在极小的区域里，我们称它们为“墓地”。故选D。‎ ‎10．In the writer’s opinion， .‎ A．problems bring us much trouble B．problems have two sides，good and bad C．we should try to stay away from any trouble D．the fewer things we do，the less trouble we’ll meet 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“And believe it or not，most of your problems may actually be good for you! Let me explain.”可知，作者认为大多数的问题其实对人们是有好处的，由此推断出，我们遇到的问题都有两面性，好的方面和坏的方面。故选B。‎ ‎11．The reason why lagoon side of the reef has no life is that .‎ A．it hasn’t got any sunlight B．it has less energy than others C．it has no work to do every day D．it never faces any challenge and tests 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The coral around the lagoon side is in still water，with no challenge for its survival.It dies early.”可知，珊瑚礁的泻湖一边的珊瑚生长在死水中，不用面对生存的挑战，因此过早死亡。故选D。‎ ‎12．After reading this passage，we should .‎ A．regard any problem as a challenge B．learn from the lagoon side C．worry about our problems D．enter cemeteries 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，身体上的需求导致我们变得更强壮，精神上的紧张能够产生坚强的意志力和恢复力，精神上的考验能够产生坚强的性格和信仰。因此遇到问题时，要告诉自己没有问题，因为它们能让我们再次成长。故选A。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 April 22nd every year marks the start of Earth Day，a day that is celebrated every year to raise awareness(意识) about our home planet and how we can save it from being damaged. 13 ‎ ‎•Green up your home This is one of the most common things that people do whenever Earth Day rolls around；that is，switch off their lights. 14 Conserve(节约) energy by switching off all power of electricity points whenever they are not on use.In addition，take out all the plugs(插头) from plug points even after switching them off.‎ ‎• 15 ‎ Cars，being the greatest source of air pollution，can be left at home this weekend. 16 Other greener choices are carpooling，riding a bike or you can also walk if you want a healthier choice and if your workplace is not that far away from your home.‎ ‎•Be a little dirty No，we don’t mean it “that way”．We simply mean to say，don’t take a bath.Yes，saving water is super important.A day or two without a bath won’t harm you，but it will certainly do a lot of good for our planet.A daily shower isn’t a matter of health；it’s a matter of comfort. 17 ‎ The future of our planet is in your hands!‎ A．Leave your cars at home.‎ B．Traveling by public transport is a better choice.‎ C．Below，we have made a list of things you can do to celebrate Earth Day.‎ D．Showering every day can wash away the natural oils that our skin and hair need.‎ E．However，this is not something you should do just for a day or for only an hour.‎ F．Started in the year 1970，Earth Day is now celebrated in more than 190 countries each year.‎ G．Do something every day that will improve your surroundings to make the planet a better place to live.‎ 语篇解读　众所周知，每年的4月22日是地球日。这是一个能让我们关注地球家园、珍惜并保护它免遭人类行为反复破坏的日子。本文列举了几项便于人们实践的地球日活动。‎ ‎13．答案　C 解析　根据上文“每年的4月22日是地球日。这是一个能让我们关注地球家园并保护它免遭破坏的日子”，再根据下文提到的关注地球家园所采取的措施，‎ 可知此空是一个承上启下的句子，根据句意可知选C项“下面我们列举了为庆祝地球日你能做的几项活动”。‎ ‎14．答案　E 解析　根据上文“每到地球日，很多人都会不约而同选择做这件事：关灯”，再根据空格下句“为了节省能源，我们应该随时关闭所有不在使用当中的用电设施”，可知此空的意思应该是：然而，这不应该只是你在这一天或这一小时做的事。故选E项。‎ ‎15．答案　A 解析　此空是一个小标题。根据小标题的特点和下文内容，可知A项符合题意。‎ ‎16．答案　B 解析　根据下文“其他绿色出行方式还包括拼车、骑行；如果你的工作地点离家不远的话，并且你想有个更健康的选择，你可以步行”，可知此处应该再提到一种绿色出行方式，根据句意可知选B项“公共交通其实是一种更好的选择”。‎ ‎17．答案　D 解析　根据上句“每天冲澡与健康无关，其实只是为了舒服而已”，可知此处意思应该是：每天洗澡还会冲掉我们皮肤上天然的油脂，而这些油脂其实是皮肤和头发需要的。故选D项。‎ Period Two　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列词汇的汉语意思(共16题；每题1分，满分16分)‎ ‎1．the Middle East n．中东，中东地区 ‎2．Arab n．阿拉伯人adj.阿拉伯(人)的 ‎3．endofterm n．学期末 ‎4．wedding n．婚礼 ‎5．Korea n．韩国；朝鲜 ‎6．rooster n．公鸡 ‎7．reception n．招待会；接待；接受 ‎8．bridegroom n．新郎 ‎9．bride n．新娘 ‎10．throughout prep.& adv.自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处，遍及 ‎11．thumb n．拇指 ‎12．bonfire n．(在室外为庆祝而燃起的)大火堆，篝火 ‎13．firework n．焰火，烟花 ‎14．hot dog n．热狗(香肠面包)‎ ‎15．mustard n．芥末；芥末酱 ‎16．barbecue n．户外烧烤 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共12题；每题2分，满分24分)‎ ‎17．greet vt.和某人打招呼(或问好)→greeting n．问候；问候语 ‎18．hug vt.& vi.& n．拥抱，抱紧 ‎19．ensure vt.保证，担保，确保 ‎20．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺 ‎21．permit v．允许，准许 n．许可证→permission n．允许 ‎22．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令 ‎23．offence n．冒犯；侮辱→offend vt.冒犯；令……反感 ‎24．adjust vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节→adjustment n．调节；调整→adjustable adj.可调节的 ‎25．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的→accustom vt.使习惯于 ‎26．alike adj.相像，十分相似 adv.十分相像地；同样地 ‎27．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉 ‎28．celebration n．庆典；庆祝活动→celebrate v．庆祝Ⅲ.写出下列短语或者短语对应的汉语意思(共10题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎29．be supposed to...应该……；被认为是……‎ ‎30．take off脱下，除掉；起飞 ‎31．get/be/become accustomed/used to习惯于 ‎32．be amazed at对……感到吃惊 ‎33．be familiar with通晓；熟悉 ‎34．be similar to与……相似 ‎35．on the other hand另一方面 ‎36．do without设法对付过去；没有……也行 ‎37．share/have sth.in common在……有共同点 ‎38．set off燃放Ⅳ.完成句子(共5题；每题8分，满分40分)‎ ‎39．It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.‎ 看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。‎ ‎40．Another thing is，if you came to Brunei，you would have to take off your shoes before going into someone’s house.‎ 还有就是，如果你来到文莱，你进别人的房子之前必须得脱鞋。‎ ‎41．Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.‎ 许多外国人很难适应这种做法。‎ ‎42．But what is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers.‎ 但真正有趣的是，即使在以英语为母语的人之间有时候也存在着很大的文化差异。‎ ‎43．Well，it’s time for me to go.‎ 好了，我该走了。‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ Roosters are supposed to drive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony，and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage.‎ 人们认为公鸡能把鬼魂从婚礼仪式上赶走，母鸡能确保婚姻好运。‎ be supposed to...应该……；被认为是……‎ be supposed to do sth.应该做某事 suppose sb./sth.to be...认为某人/某物是……‎ be supposed to have done...本该做……(但实际上未做) be not supposed to do...不允许做……‎ suppose/supposing引导条件状语从句，相当于if，表示“如果，假设”。‎ ‎(1)You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose.‎ 你看起来气色很好。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定适合你。‎ ‎(2)The message is very important，so it is supposed to be sent as soon as possible.‎ 这条消息很重要，所以应该尽快被传达。‎ ‎(3)Suppose/Supposing she doesn’t come，what shall we do？如果她不来，我们将做什么？‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)Mr White at 8：30 am for the meeting，but he didn’t show up.‎ A．ought to arrive B．should arrive C．should have arrived D．was supposed to arrived 答案　C 解析　句意为：怀特先生本应该在上午8 30来参加会议，但是他没有出现。should have done本应该做某事，实际上却未做。根据后面的did说明是对过去发生的情况的推测。be supposed to do sth.中to是动词不定式，后接动词原形，故选C。‎ ensure vt.保证，担保，确保 ensure sb.sth.(＝ensure sth.to sb.)向某人担保某事 ensure that...＝make sure that...担保/保证/确保……‎ ensure sb.against/from...保护某人免受危害，使某人安全 ‎(5)This pill will ensure a good night’s sleep to the patient.这种药丸能使病人睡个好觉。‎ ‎(6)These are safety devices to ensure workers against/from accidents.‎ 这些是为了保护工人们不出事故的安全设施。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(7)这家医院尽力确保这个病人能很快从痛苦中恢复过来。‎ ‎①The hospital tries to ensure that the patient can recover from his suffering soon.‎ ‎②The hospital tries to make sure that the patient can recover from his suffering soon.‎ ‎[温馨提示]　“确保，保证”表达法聚焦：‎ make sure确保，保证　　assure 确保，向……保证 ensure确保，保证　　　 guarantee 确保，保证 make certain of确保　　 see to it that ...确保……‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(8)It is our responsibility to that the country’s health care publications are beneficial to the people.‎ A．satisfy B．compromise C．quarrel D．ensure 答案　D 解析　句意为：确保国家的卫生保健出版物对人们有益是我们的职责。satisfy使满意；compromise妥协；quarrel争吵；ensure确保。‎ ‎ During the ceremony，the hen laid an egg，and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.‎ 在婚礼期间，母鸡下了一只蛋，这被看作是件非常幸运的事，大家都祝贺这一对新人。‎ congratulate vt.祝贺；向(某人)道贺 ‎※congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺 congratulate oneself on sth.因某事感到自豪 ‎※congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜 congratulations to sb.on sth.就某事向某人祝贺 Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)‎ ‎(send/offer) congratulations to sb.on sth.祝贺某人某事 ‎(1)I congratulate you on your great discovery published in the newspaper.‎ 我祝贺你在报纸上出版你的伟大发现。‎ ‎(2)You should congratulate yourself on assisting them in getting through the hardship.‎ 你应该为你协助他们克服困难感到自豪。‎ ‎(3)We’ll offer our congratulations to her on her success achieved just now.‎ 我们要祝贺她刚刚取得的成功。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)我们祝贺他生意兴隆。‎ ‎①We congratulated him on his success in business.‎ ‎②We offered/sent our congratulations to him on his success in business.‎ ‎[易混辨析]　congratulate，celebrate ‎※congratulate作“祝贺，道贺”解时，应以被祝贺的人作宾语，用介词on引出祝贺的原因。‎ ‎※celebrate表示举行仪式、典礼的庆祝，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语。‎ ‎[用celebrate和congratulate的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(5)—John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.‎ ‎—Oh，congratulations!‎ ‎——我和约翰将在下个月庆祝结婚四十周年。‎ ‎——哦，祝贺！‎ ‎[温馨提示]‎ ‎※congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。‎ ‎※congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(6)—Mum，I’ve got first prize in the photo competition.‎ ‎— ！‎ A．Good luck B．Not at all C．Good idea D．Congratulations 答案　D 解析　句意为：——妈妈，我在摄影比赛中获得了一等奖。——祝贺你！Good luck祝你好运；Not at all一点也不；Good idea好主意；Congratulations祝贺你。结合语境可知选D。‎ ‎ Another difference is that while we serve food，soft drinks，tea and coffee，alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact，alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.‎ 另一个不同之处是在结婚喜宴上我们提供食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但酒是不允许的——事实上，在文莱(的婚礼上)酒是完全被禁止的。‎ permit vt.允许；许可 n．许可证 ‎※permit (doing) sth.允许(做)某事 permit sb.(to do) sth.允许某人(做)某事 time/weather permitting＝if time/weather permits时间/天气允许的话 ‎※a driver’s/driving permit驾驶执照 ‎※permission n．允许；许可 without permission未经许可 ask for permission请求允许 ‎(1)She had asked the government for permission(permit) to move the books to a safe place，but they refused.她向政府请求许可把书搬到一个安全的地方，但是他们拒绝了。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(2)他的健康状况不允许他和我们一起旅行。‎ ‎①His health condition doesn’t permit him to travel with us.‎ ‎②His health condition doesn’t permit his traveling with us.‎ ‎(3)如果天气允许，我将陪你去动物园。‎ ‎① If weather permits，I will accompany you to the zoo.‎ ‎②Weather permitting，I will accompany you to the zoo.‎ ‎[语境填词]‎ ‎(4)Although time permits，we will not go to America to go shopping during this Christmas.Our boss will not permit us to leave the company without his permission.‎ 尽管时间允许，我们在这个圣诞节期间也不会去美国购物。我们的老板不允许我们未经他的允许就离开公司。‎ ‎[温馨提示]　permit后不能直接跟不定式，但应注意be permitted to do sth.结构。与permit一样，后面直接跟动名词或跟不定式复合结构的动词还有：allow，forbid，advise。‎ prohibit v．(尤指以法令)禁止 ‎※prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事 prohibit sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 prohibit one’s doing sth.禁止某人做某事 ‎※prohibition against...……的禁令 ‎(5)Rainy weather and fog prohibited flying，so we were late.‎ 雨天和大雾妨碍了飞行，所以我们迟到了。‎ ‎(6)My mother prohibits making(make) noise while we are studying，but she doesn’t prohibit us from having a discussion.‎ 当我们学习的时候，我的妈妈禁止发出噪音，但是她允许我们讨论。‎ ‎(7)The prohibition(prohibit) against drunken driving have saved many lives.‎ 禁止酒后开车已经挽救了许多生命。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(8)Although the authorities people from climbing up that section of the Great Wall，some people still visit that area.‎ A．quit B．prohibit C．object D．oppose 答案　B 解析　prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事，符合句意。其他三项均不与from搭配。‎ ‎ However，in Brunei that can cause offence，so we use our thumb to point.‎ 然而，在文莱，那样会引起冒犯，所以我们用拇指指东西。‎ offence n．冒犯；侮辱；犯法行为；罪过 ‎※give/cause offence to sb.得罪某人 take offence (at sth.)(因某事而)生气 no offence无意冒犯；不要见怪 ‎※offend v．违反，冒犯 ‎※offensive adj.冒犯的；攻击的；讨厌的 ‎(1)Drinkdriving is a criminal offence in our country.‎ 在我们国家，酒驾属于刑事犯罪。‎ ‎(2)It is easy to give offence to someone if you are impolite.‎ 如果你不礼貌就很容易冒犯到别人。‎ ‎(3)How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email？‎ 你应该如何处理由一封无礼的电子邮件引发的问题？‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)—Why are you moving out?‎ ‎— .I just don’t like the atmosphere here.‎ A．No offence B．No worries C．No problem D．No doubt 答案　A 解析　句意为：——你为什么从这里搬出去？——不要见怪，我只是不喜欢这里的气氛。no offence 不要见怪，符合题意，故选A项。‎ ‎ It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.‎ 看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。‎ ‎ ‎ adjust v．适应，习惯；调整，调节 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中adjust的汉语意思 ‎(1)Check and adjust the brakes regularly.调节，调整 ‎(2)I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours.适应 ‎※adjust sth.to sth.调整……以适应……‎ adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to (doing) sth.使自己适应(做)某事 ‎※adjustment n．调整；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to对……作出调整 ‎※adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的 ‎(3)If you go to a new place，you must adjust yourself to the new surroundings quickly.‎ 如果你到了一个新地方，你必须尽快使自己适应新的环境。‎ ‎(4)She found it hard to adjust to working(work) at night.她发现很难适应夜间工作。‎ ‎[用adjust的适当形式完成小语段]‎ ‎(5)All the new chairs are adjustable，which can be adjusted to the height of the individual student.In addition，the adjustment is very easy to operate.It only takes you a short while to adjust to using it.‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(6)Some schools will have to make in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ A．judgments B．adjustments C．comments D．achievements 答案　B 解析　句意为：一些学校将不得不作出调整，以便和国家足球改革保持一致。judgment评价，看法；adjustment调整，适应；comment评论，议论；achievement成就，成绩。既然要和国家足球改革保持一致(in agreement with the national soccer reform)，那么就应该作出调整(make adjustments)，故选B项。‎ ‎ Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.‎ 许多外国人很难适应这种做法。‎ accustomed adj.习惯的；惯常的 ‎※be accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)……(表状态)‎ become/get accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)……(表动作)‎ ‎※accustom v．使习惯于，使适应 accustom oneself/sb.to (doing) sth.使……习惯于(做)……‎ ‎(1)Accustomed to the climate and food，the old couple prefer to live here for the rest of their life rather than move to another city.‎ 习惯了这里的气候和饮食，这对老夫妻更喜欢在这里度过余生而不想移居别的城市。‎ ‎(2)I’m accustomed to listening(listen) to some light music before sleep.‎ 在睡觉之前我习惯听一些轻音乐。‎ ‎(3)The students quickly accustomed themselves(they) to the new timetable，which excited the teachers.‎ 学生们很快适应了新的时间表，这让老师非常激动。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)He was accustomed to the custom and didn’t want to change it.‎ ‎①Accustomed to the custom，he didn’t want to change it.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎②Accustoming himself to the custom，he didn’t want to change it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)—They are quiet，aren’t they?‎ ‎—Yes.They are accustomed at meals.‎ A．to talk B．to not talk C．to talking D．to not talking 答案　D 解析　be accustomed to 习惯于，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词；又由句意表示否定意义可知，选D项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ For example，I have fond childhood memories of Bonfire Night，but my American friends are not familiar with that particular festival.‎ 例如，我有童年时篝火节的温馨回忆，但我的美国朋友对那个特别的节日竟然不太了解。‎ familiar adj.通晓的；熟悉的 be familiar to(＝be known to) 为……所熟悉 be familiar with熟悉……‎ ‎(1)I don’t believe we’ve met before，although I must say you do look familiar.‎ 我认为我们以前没见过面，尽管我必须承认你看起来确实很面熟。‎ ‎(2)I am a stranger here.So I am not familiar with the city.我是新来的。所以我对这个城市不熟悉。‎ ‎(3)Although the dragon is quite familiar to most Chinese，nobody has ever seen a real one.‎ 尽管龙的形象对大多数中国人来说都是相当熟悉的，可是没有一个人见过真龙。‎ ‎[写作佳句] ‎ ‎(4)Exposure to the English language which is used in our daily life can make people quite familiar with them.‎ 接触在日常生活中使用的英语语言使得人们对它们很熟悉。‎ ‎[温馨提示]‎ be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或事物。‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(5)He is quite familiar with the city because he is a native of it.‎ ‎→The city is quite familiar to him because he is a native of it.‎ 经典句式 ‎ It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.‎ 看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。‎ ‎※本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语。watch后跟复合宾语，the new foreign teachers为宾语，trying to adjust to doing that作宾语补足语。‎ ‎※动名词短语作主语时，常用于以下句式：‎ It is/was＋no use/good/funnot any use/goodof little use/gooduseless/funny＋doing sth. ‎ ‎(1)It is useless telling him about it，so don’t speak to him too much.‎ 告诉他这件事是没用的，所以不要和他说太多。‎ ‎(2)It’s no good worrying about it now.‎ 现在为此发愁没有好处。‎ ‎[写作佳句] ‎ ‎(3)It is no use learning without thinking.‎ 学而不思则罔。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)It’s no use him to join us.‎ A．to advise B．advise C．being advising D．advising 答案　D 解析　It’s no use后用v.ing作真正的主语，另根据句意可知此处为主动，故选D项。‎ ‎ Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.‎ 许多外国人很难适应这种做法。‎ have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难,trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much，little，no等。trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)；若trouble后跟名词，介词in换成with。‎ ‎(1)The experts are trying to find out the reason why many teenagers have trouble (in) communicating with their parents.‎ 专家们正在努力弄清楚为什么很多青少年和父母交流有困难。‎ ‎(2)Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers help us patiently.‎ 每当我们在学习上遇到困难，老师们总是耐心地辅导我们。‎ ‎[温馨提示]　对于句式have trouble/difficulty doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty 提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，要注意辨别。 ‎ ‎(3)You can hardly imagine the difficulty we had solving the problem.你简直想象不到我们解决这个问题时遇到的困难。‎ ‎[联想发散]　我们学过的与have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.类似的结构还有：‎ have a hard time (in) doing sth./with sth.have problems/a problem (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 find some/great/no/little difficulty in doing sth.‎ 发现在做某事方面有些/有很大/没有/几乎没有困难 ‎[语境填词]‎ ‎(4)Some students have trouble with grammar while others have difficulty(in) remembering new words.‎ 有的学生学语法有困难，而有的记生词有困难。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)Since drug abusers have difficulty the addiction，support groups where they can talk about ‎ their struggles and find new ways to manage in the world are often needed.‎ A．to rid B．breaking C．to remove D．relieving 答案　B 解析　have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，由此可以排除A、C两项；D项的relieve意思是“缓和，减轻”，与句意不符；B项的break在这里可理解为“强行终止”，即戒除毒瘾，符合句意。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Please ensure(确保) that all the lights are switched off before you leave.‎ ‎2．The smell is very familiar(熟悉的) to everyone who lives near a bakery.‎ ‎3．I’m sure he meant no offence(冒犯) when he said that.‎ ‎4．The headmaster will not permit(允许) the change in the course，nor will he even give it a thought.‎ ‎5．I’m accustomed(习惯于) to getting up early and taking an hour’s walk before breakfast.‎ ‎6．My sister and I do not look alike(相似)．‎ ‎7．It snowed throughout(自始至终) the night.The whole town was covered with snow.‎ ‎8．She was a guest at the wedding(婚礼)．‎ ‎9．After a while his eyes adjusted(适应) to the dark.‎ ‎10．He hugged(拥抱) her and handed her a bouquet of roses.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 adjust to，in celebration of，get accustomed to，take place，after all ‎11．I can’t get accustomed to the fact that you’ve grown up.‎ ‎12．It took him quite a while to adjust to living alone after his parents passed away.‎ ‎13．Don’t scold him for the broken cup.After all，he is too young.‎ ‎14．Last Sunday we held an evening party in celebration of his 60th birthday.‎ ‎15．Great changes have taken place in the city where she was born.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．What I want to know is whether you can go to the cinema with me.‎ 我想知道的是你能否和我一起去看电影。‎ ‎17．It’s no good reading in dim light.‎ 在弱光下阅读是没有好处的。‎ ‎18．He has trouble/difficulty (in) communicating with others.‎ 他在与他人交流方面有障碍。‎ ‎19．I guess it’s time for me to look for a job.‎ 我想是时候找份工作了。‎ ‎20．If she had invited me yesterday，I would have gone to the party.‎ 假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会，我就去了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．When you visit a museum you must ask for permission(permit) before taking photographs inside it.‎ ‎2．The train for Shanghai leaves at 9 tomorrow morning.So you are supposed to get(get) everything ready at 7 o’clock.‎ ‎3．We ensured ourselves against/from possible disappointment.‎ ‎4．It is known to prohibit smoking(smoke) in public places.‎ ‎5．I have gradually adjusted myself(one) to the noisy life downtown.‎ ‎6．It’s no use shouting(shout) at him—he’s deaf.‎ ‎7．Congratulations(congratulate) to you on the success of your performance.‎ ‎8．We have had our differences and I’m sorry if it has caused offence(offend)．‎ ‎9．A celebration(celebrate) was held in honour of the Party’s birthday.‎ ‎10．If you want to ensure that you catch the plane，you’d better take a taxi.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎11．During the war there was a serious lack of food.It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to bread for days.‎ A．eat up B．give away C．do without D．deal with 答案　C 解析　根据上句“During the war there was a serious lack of food.”可推测出“甚至富裕家庭有时也几天吃不上面包”，故应选择do without，此处表示“不用/不吃……勉强度过”。eat up吃完；give away 捐赠，分发，泄露；deal with应付，处理。‎ ‎12．—Why can’t you give me another chance?‎ ‎— ，but I don’t think you are good at management.‎ A．No offence B．No worries C．No need D．No wonder 答案　A 解析　句意为：——为什么不能再给我一次机会？——别见怪，但是我认为你不擅长管理。no offence别见怪；no worries别担心；no need不必；no wonder难怪。A项符合语境。‎ ‎13．The climate here is always hot，summer and winter .‎ A．likely B．same C．differently D．alike 答案　D 解析　句意为：这里的天气总是有些热，夏天和冬天很相似。likely很可能地；same相同地，一样地；differently不同地；alike相似地。根据句意，故选D。‎ ‎14．The government passed a regulation to prohibit in the city centre.‎ A．to park B．parking C．to be parked D．being parked 答案　B 解析　句意为：政府通过条例禁止在市中心停车。prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事。‎ ‎15．Visitors are not permitted the park after dark，because of the lack of lighting.‎ A．entering B．entering in C．to enter in D．to enter 答案　D 解析　此处是固定用法 permit sb.to do sth.的被动形式；“enter＋地点”表示进入某地，不加介词。故选D。‎ ‎16．We are waiting here for a long time just the star’s winning her prize.‎ A．in celebration of B．in need of C．in favour of D．in charge of 答案　A 解析　句意为：我们在此等候多时仅仅是为了庆祝这位明星赢得大奖。in celebration of为庆祝……，符合句意。in need of需要；in favour of赞同，有利于；in charge of负责。‎ ‎17．I think impresses me most about his painting is the colours he uses.‎ A．what B．that C．which D．who 答案　A 解析　句意为：我认为他的绘画给我印象最深刻的是他使用的颜色。I think引导的宾语从句中包含一个缺少主语的主语从句，故用what引导。‎ ‎18．My family was moving to the countryside and I had to make an and learn to lead a different life there.‎ A．allowance B．accommodation C．adjustment D．assessment 答案　C 解析　句意为：我家搬到乡村了，我不得不作出调整来学会在那儿过一种不同的生活。make an adjustment 作出调整。故选C项。‎ ‎19．—Mike，our team will play against the Rockets this weekend.I’m sure we will win.‎ ‎— ！‎ A．Congratulations B．Cheer up C．Best wishes D．Good luck 答案　D 解析　句意为：——迈克，我们队这个周末与火箭队比赛，我确信我们会赢的。——祝你们好运！congratulations祝贺，恭喜；cheer up振作起来；best wishes最美好的祝愿；good luck祝你(们)好运。故选D项。‎ ‎20．Country music is familiar Bush while his son is familiar modern jazz.‎ A．to；with B．with；to C．to；to D．with；with 答案　A 解析　句意为：乡村音乐为布什所熟知，而他的儿子通晓现代爵士乐。be familiar to sb.……为某人所熟悉；be familiar with sth.熟悉/通晓某事物。故选A。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 Noah Geppert，a 7yearold boy，was adopted with his brother from Guatemala.He considered himself to be very fortunate， 21 after learning about some of the living conditions in the country.His mom told him that people there were 22 poor，so he was very sad about that. 23 more for his birth family，he decided to 24 two tickets he had won for an Easter Sunday Indiana Pacers game.He 25 that if he could sell his tickets for money，he could 26 it to his birth mom.In this way，they could be a 27 family like his present family.‎ His mother，Caren，was 28 at her son’s act of kindness and shared it on social media.She just 29 it on Facebook as sort of a 30 mom moment.To her joy，‎ within several minutes，offers to 31 the boy’s tickets poured in from all the directions.The winning bid of $400 belonged to Dr Stacey Halum，whose children attended the same school as Noah. 32 she saw the Facebook post，she was so touched by the boy’s act of 33 that she got choked up and tearyeyed.‎ ‎ 34 a connection Caren made on Facebook，the 35 made its way to Noah’s birth mom，Ophelia.She used an interpreter to send her 36 ，“Thank my son in the USA that he was thinking of me.The 37 that I made to place Noah for 38 many years ago was very sad.At that time，I had no 39 to live，and my family could not 40 me.But now I am so happy that my son is very excellent.God has blessed my son and his new family.”‎ 语篇解读　7岁的Noah Geppert小时候从危地马拉被送到美国，生活在养母家里。在得知生母很穷时，他决定卖掉自己手里的两张门票，把钱捐给生母。在他养母的帮助下，这个小男孩最终实现了自己的愿望。生母对孩子的捐赠表达了感谢，也说出了当时送孩子到美国被收养的苦衷。‎ ‎21．A.undoubtedly B．probably C．especially D．specifically 答案　C 解析　根据本空前后内容可知，此处应为especially，特别地衬托出小男孩的幸运。‎ ‎22．A.hardly B．simply C．merely D．really 答案　D 解析　根据下文内容可知，此处表达的是那里的人都非常穷，故选really。‎ ‎23．A.Preparing B．Expecting C．Wanting D．Requiring 答案　C 解析　根据上文，小男孩在得知自己原来的家很穷时，便萌生了想为那个家做更多的事情的想法，故选Wanting。‎ ‎24．A.keep B．sell C．collect D．book 答案　B 解析　根据下文“...if he could sell his tickets for money”可知，此处选sell。‎ ‎25．A.dreamed B．thought C．checked D．proved 答案　B 解析　根据本空后面的内容可知，此处应为他的想法，故选thought。‎ ‎26．A.give B．pass C．throw D．tell 答案　A 解析　这里表达的是“如果能把这两张票卖出去，他就可以把卖票所得的钱给他的亲生妈妈”，故选give。‎ ‎27．A.lovely B．rich C．big D．happy 答案　D 解析　根据第一段第二句“Noah Geppert觉得自己现在很幸运”，可以推测出他现在所生活的家庭生活条件很好，是一个幸福的家庭，故选happy。‎ ‎28．A.overjoyed B．disappointed C．surprised D．puzzled 答案　A 解析　根据文章第一段的描述可知，这个小男孩善良而又孝顺，那么对于母亲来说，应该是非常高兴的事情，故选overjoyed。‎ ‎29．A.scanned B．read C．posted D．downloaded 答案　C 解析　根据上文“shared it on social media”及下文内容可知，此处应为她只是上传到Facebook上，故选posted。‎ ‎30．A.young B．proud C．caring D．crazy 答案　B 解析　这里表达母亲为孩子的行为感到骄傲，故选proud。‎ ‎31．A.buy B．use C．exchange D．win 答案　A 解析　这里指社交媒体上很多人回应要购买这个小男孩手里的门票，故选buy。‎ ‎32．A.Because B．If C．When D．Although 答案　C 解析　根据下文语境可知，此处应选when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎33．A.kindness B．attention C．devotion D．faith 答案　A 解析　根据第二段第一句可知，此处应选kindness。‎ ‎34．A.In spite of B．In addition to C．Instead of D．Thanks to 答案　D 解析　根据下文内容可知，此处应选“thanks to”表示“多亏了……”。‎ ‎35．A.ticket B．bid C．donation D．gift 答案　C 解析　这里指孩子把卖门票的钱捐赠给了他的生母Ophelia，故选donation。‎ ‎36．A.greetings B．thanks C．congratulations D．wishes 答案　B 解析　根据下文“Thank my son in the USA that he was thinking of me”可知， Ophelia想表达的是感谢，故选thanks。‎ ‎37．A.suggestion B．contribution C．effort D．decision 答案　D 解析　这里指把孩子送出去的决定，故选decision。‎ ‎38．A.hardship B．school C．community D．adoption 答案　D 解析　根据文章第一句可知，男孩小时候被送到美国被别人收养，故选adoption。‎ ‎39．A.money B．courage C．reason D．right 答案　A 解析　根据文章第一段可知，小男孩生母的家里很穷，因此这里想表达没钱生活，故选money。‎ ‎40．A.abandon B．support C．protect D．believe 答案　B 解析　文章第一段指出，生活在那个国家的人都很穷，因此小男孩的生母也无法得到家人经济上的支持，故选support。‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 ‎(2018•南通质检)‎ New Year’s Day is worth celebrating and you probably celebrate New Year’s Day together with your family and friends，enjoying drinks and watching the ball drop.If you’re lucky，perhaps you share a kiss with that special one when the clock hits 00 00 am.But how New Year’s Day would look in another country? Listed below are four of the top ten “Unique New Year Traditions from Around the World”．‎ ‎1．Breaking Dishes on Neighbor’s Door—Denmark A strange Danish New Year tradition，depending on how you look at it，is throwing dishes at neighbor’s door.The family with the tallest tower of broken plates，glasses，cups and other crockery is considered to be the luckiest person because it symbolizes their large crowd of loyal friends.‎ ‎2．Talking to Spirits—Mexico Mexicans strongly believe that they can communicate with the souls of their dead loved ones.New Year’s Eve is considered the best time to communicate with dead spirits to convey a message or ask for guidance.Taos Inn，in New Mexico for example，offers 15 minutes session of spiritualism and deep thought for 15.Not a bad price for some helpful guidance!‎ ‎3．Wearing Polka Dots—Philippines Imagine people wearing polka dots and dining room tables full of round shaped food and fruits on one single day of the year in Philippines.And they believe that this will bring them prosperity by associating the round dots to coins and wealth.‎ ‎4．Burning Scarecrow Dummy—Ecuador Ecuador has a custom of crafting scarecrows(稻草人) and burning them.As midnight approaches，gathering outside，each family burns their own scarecrow filled with newspapers and pieces of wood.The tradition says that this destroys all the bad things that took place in the past 12 months.The scarecrow also scares away bad luck，which ‎ in turn，fills their new year with luck and happiness.‎ The world is large but different.People of all nations may celebrate New Year’s Day much differently，but a lot of general themes are to be seen.We all want to start a new，fresh year with renewed enthusiasm and hope no matter what happened during the past year.We all want to be happier，find love，renew friendships，increase our wealth and also hope for a little extra luck in the coming new year.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了丹麦、墨西哥、菲律宾、厄瓜多尔这四个国家庆祝新年的方式。但无论以哪种方式庆祝新年，人们都是期盼一个更美好、更幸福的新年。‎ ‎41．People generally celebrate New Year’s Day in the following ways EXCEPT .‎ A．sharing the time with their family B．getting together with their friends C．participating in the ball drop D．spending the time with their lovers 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，你可能会和家人、朋友喝饮料并观看落球仪式，或与爱人一起庆祝新年，而参与落球仪式不是庆祝新年的方式。故选C项。‎ ‎42．Which of the following can’t describe the four unique New Year traditions properly?‎ A．The more broken plates you have at your door，the more good friends you have in Denmark.‎ B．By paying 15 in Taos Inn，Mexicans can communicate with the souls of their dead loved ones.‎ C．Wearing polka dots can help people in Philippines to gain wealth.‎ D．People from Ecuador make and burn scarecrows to win good luck and happiness.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Taos旅店并不是真的可以让人们与已故的至爱之人的亡灵交流，而是为人们提供15分钟的招魂和深思时间，故B项叙述不恰当。故选B项。‎ Ⅴ.语法填空 ‎“Save environment，save life” is a most common and important saying nowadays.Just by making a few small changes，we can make a big contribution and save our environment.When the entire society starts making these changes，we 43 (create) a beautiful world. ‎ Start by 44 (turn) off the lights，TVs and other electrical items when we leave a room.If possible，avoid using a dryer but hang your clothes on a clothesline.Not only will you save power and reduce your contribution to 45 (globe) warming，but also you will have clothes that last longer.‎ Replace plastic bags 46 recycling paper bags.The white pollution is one of the 47 (big) environmental problems that are now troubling the whole world.‎ Do your bit for nature by planting a tree.If all of us plant trees， 48 will make the whole world green.‎ Aside from 49 is mentioned above，there are many you can do as far as environmental 50 (protect) is concerned.Just pay attention to your own deeds that are contributing 51 the environmental problems on this planet.Just do your bit and it will make a big 52 (different)．‎ 语篇解读　保护环境就是保护我们的生命。只要我们做一些小小的改变，就能产生巨大的影响。作者列举了一些日常的、我们力所能及的保护环境的举措。‎ ‎43．答案　will create 解析　考查时态。句意为：当全社会都开始做出这些改变时，我们将会创造一个美丽的世界。根据语 境可知此处表示将来含义。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。‎ ‎44．答案　turning 解析　考查非谓语动词。介词by后应加动名词作宾语，故填turning。‎ ‎45．答案　global 解析　考查形容词。warming在此是名词，意为“变暖；升温”，修饰名词应用形容词global。‎ ‎46．答案　with 解析　考查固定搭配。replace...with...为固定结构，意为“用……代替……”。‎ ‎47．答案　biggest 解析　考查形容词最高级。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”。故此处应用形容词最高级，故填biggest。‎ ‎48．答案　we 解析　考查代词。根据句意“如果我们都植树，我们将会使整个世界变绿”可知，此处应填人称代词主格we。‎ ‎49．答案　what 解析　考查连接词。句意为：除了上述提到的……，填what，表示“所……的”。‎ ‎50．答案　protection 解析　考查名词。根据空前的形容词可知设空处应填名词，environmental protection意为“环境保护”，符合句意。‎ ‎51．答案　to 解析　考查固定搭配。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“促成，造成”。‎ ‎52．答案　difference 解析　考查名词。形容词big应修饰名词，make a big difference是固定表达，意为“意义重大；产生很大影响”。‎ Period Three　Word power & Grammar and usage & Task ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ I learnt that expectations at weddings can be quite different.‎ 我了解到人们对于婚礼的期望是十分不同的。‎ expectation n．期望，盼望 ‎※meet/live up to one’s expectations不辜负某人的期望 beyond (one’s) expectations 出乎(某人的)意料 in (the) expectation of期望，指望 ‎※expect v．期望，盼望 expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事 ‎(1)They make me feel that I’ve got to live up to their expectations.‎ 他们让我觉得，我必须达到他们对我的期望才行。‎ ‎(2)The Spring Festival didn’t turn out as exciting，which was beyond our expectations.‎ 春节并没有那么令人激动，这是我们所没有料想到的。‎ ‎(3)Anne left Germany in (the) expectation of seeing her family again before very long.‎ 安妮离开了德国，期待着很快就能与家人重逢。‎ ‎(4)The number of people who came to attend the wedding was larger than expected(expect)．‎ 参加婚礼的人数比预期的多。‎ ‎(5)I didn’t expect him to become(become) a successful writer.‎ 我没想到他会成为一名成功的作家。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(6)Children are tired of learning often because they are always to do better than they can，both at school and at home.‎ A．suggested B．expected C．hoped D．helped 答案　B 解析　suggest建议，暗示；hope希望；help帮助；expect期待，be expected to do sth.被期望做某事。语境表示“他们总是被期待着比他们实际所能够做到的做得更好”。故选B。‎ ‎ In his youth，however，he never left his home town，let alone travelled to another country...‎ 但是，在他年轻时，他从没有离开过自己的家乡，更不用说去其他国家了……‎ let alone更不用说 let/leave sb.alone不打扰某人，别烦某人 let/leave sth.alone别碰某物；别管某事 let sb.down使某人失望 let go (of) 放手，松手，放开，使自由 let out使出去，放出；泄露(秘密)；发出 let in使进来，进入 ‎(1)When my father is upset，he would rather we left him alone.‎ 当我的父亲烦恼的时候，他希望我们不要打扰他。‎ ‎(2)I can’t afford to pay my school fees，let alone buy a new computer.‎ 我连学费都支付不起，更别说买一台新电脑了。‎ ‎(3)In those days，we couldn’t send our children to middle school，let alone college.‎ 那时候，我们的孩子连中学都上不起，更不用说上大学了。‎ ‎(4)Let/Leave him alone and he will stop crying soon.‎ 让他一个人待着，过会儿他就不哭了。‎ ‎(5)You can believe in him；he’ll never let you down.‎ 你可以信赖他；他从不会让你失望的。‎ ‎(6)I can tell you the truth，but you must promise not to let out the secret.‎ 我可以告诉你真相，但是你得答应不要把这个秘密泄露出去。‎ ‎[温馨提示]‎ let alone意为“更不用说”，相当于一个插入语，但其后所接的词的形式要求与前面的一致，一般用于否定句之后。其同义短语是not to mention。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(7)I haven’t decided on the menu yet，let alone the food.‎ A．buying B．to buy C．bought D．buy 答案　C 解析　句意为：我还没决定吃什么菜呢，更不必说买食物了。let alone更别提，更不用说，后跟与前面部分相对应的谓语或名词。这里前面部分是完成时态，所以用过去分词。‎ ‎ showing foreign visitors around 带领外国游客参观 show sb.around/round带某人参观、游览 show off炫耀 show up露面 show sb.in/out带某人进来/出去 on show在展出 ‎(1)Having been shown around/round the lab，we were taken to see the school library.‎ 在被带去参观了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。‎ ‎(2)One day an adolescent boy showed up in my office.‎ 一天，一名少年出现在我的办公室里。‎ ‎(3)We were showed in and the staff began to show us their exhibitions on show.‎ 有人把我们领了进来，工作人员开始给我们展示他们正在展出的展品。‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ ‎(4)Though Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature，he didn’t like to show himself off in public.Therefore，he seldom showed up on the TV screen.‎ 尽管莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖，但他并不喜欢在公众面前炫耀自己。所以，他很少出现在电视屏幕上。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)Poor as she was，she was eager for attention.Thus，she had to think of borrowing some jewels to at the party.‎ A．show up B．show out C．show in D．show off 答案　D 解析　第二句句意为：因此，她不得不思考借一些珠宝在宴会上炫耀。show off炫耀，符合句意。‎ ‎ I have no idea what he will do with them all，and it took up a lot of time.‎ 我不知道他将会怎样处理所有这些东西，而且这花费了很多时间。‎ take up占用(时间或空间)；开始从事；开始对……产生兴趣；接受；拿起；继续 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思 ‎(1)Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受 ‎(2)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用 ‎(3)She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续 ‎(4)I always take up the book and read when I am in my low spirits.拿起 ‎(5)This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs，or help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.开始从事 take apart拆卸；拆开 take in吸收；领会，理解；欺骗 take down拆除；写下 take...into consideration/account把……考虑进去 ‎(6)It’s easy to take apart this camera，while putting the pieces together is quite difficult.‎ 拆开这个照相机很容易，然而把这些零件再安装在一起却很困难。‎ ‎(7)I was taken in by the salesman—the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.‎ 我被推销员骗了——结果证明那辆汽车既不经济又不牢靠。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(8)Our daughter doesn’t know what to at the university；she can’t make up her mind about her future.‎ A．take in B．take up C．take over D．take on 答案　B 解析　句意为：我们的女儿不知道要在大学里学习什么，她对未来还没有任何打算。take in吸收，欺骗；take up拿起，占据，开始从事；take over接管；take on呈现，开始雇用。‎ ‎(9)Some false advertisements are taking the countryside women as their targets，because they are easy to .‎ A．take in B．take on C．take over D．take up 答案　A 解析　句意为：一些虚假广告把乡村妇女作为目标，因为她们容易上当。take in欺骗；take on呈现，开始雇用；take over接管；take up占据，开始从事。‎ ‎ He seemed to give out a lot of business cards and got a bit upset when my classmate just put it in his pocket without looking at it.‎ 他似乎分发了许多名片，当我的同学没有看名片就把它装进口袋时，他显得有点不安。‎ give out分发；散发；释放(光、热等)；用完，耗尽，精疲力竭；公布，宣布 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中give out 的汉语意思 ‎(1)In the literature class，our teacher asked us to give out all the words in the poem that suggest homesickness.公布，宣布 ‎(2)To add to the virtual world of RealCine，the headsets even have small openings that give out smells to match the environment.释放 ‎(3)When I practised running on the playground，my strength gave out and I fell onto the ground.‎ 用完 give away赠送；泄露 give in交上；让步；屈服，投降 give up放弃；停止 give off放出(气味、光、热等)；释放)‎ ‎(4)He gave away most of his money to the homeless.‎ 他把他大部分的钱都赠给了无家可归的人。‎ ‎(5)The sun gives off/out light and heat.‎ 太阳发出光和热。‎ 经典句式 ‎ One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.‎ 英语中有许多法语单词的一个原因是法国曾统治英国很多年。‎ ‎※One reason why...is that...意为“……的一个原因是……”，reason后的why引导的是定语从句；that引导的是表语从句，既不能省略也不能用because代替。‎ ‎※the reason后的定语从句是用why/for which还是关系代词that/which引导，取决于先行词reason在从句中充当的成分。先行词reason在从句中充当状语时用why/for which，充当主语、宾语或表语时用that/which。‎ ‎(1)One reason why they didn’t finish the project on time is that they didn’t have enough time.‎ 他们没有按时完成该项目的一个原因是他们没有足够的时间。‎ ‎(2)The reason for which he failed the English exam was that he didn’t learn it well.‎ 他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。‎ ‎(3)The reason that/which he explained to us is that he hadn’t read this book before.‎ 他给我们解释的理由是他之前没有读过这本书。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)The reason he resigned was he didn’t get on well with the boss.‎ A．that；that B．why；that C．for which；which D．why；what 答案　B 解析　句意为：他辞职的原因是他和老板相处得不好。the reason作先行词，在从句中作原因状语，用why/for which引导定语从句；reason作主语，后面的表语从句用that引导。故选B。‎ ‎ In Thailand and other parts of SouthEast Asia，the normal greeting is a slight bow with the hands pressed together.‎ 在泰国和东南亚的其他一些地区，通常的打招呼方式是双手合十并微微鞠躬。‎ ‎※with the hands pressed together双手合十。该结构是with复合结构，pressed是press的过去分词，作hands的补足语。过去分词强调与其逻辑主语是被动关系。‎ ‎※在with复合结构中，可作补足语的成分有：名词、介词短语、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。‎ ‎(1)The thief was being questioned by the police with his hands tied on the back.‎ 那个小偷正在接受警察的盘问，他的双手被绑在背后。‎ ‎(2)With prices going(go) up，we can’t afford a house.‎ 由于价格上涨，我们买不起房子。‎ ‎(3)With everything she needed bought(buy)，she went home happily.‎ 把她需要的所有东西买完后，她高兴地回家了。‎ ‎(4)With a lot of homework to do(do)，he refused the invitation.‎ 由于有许多家庭作业要做，他拒绝了邀请。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)With the price of pork and eggs quickly，CPI has become a hot phrase among the Chinese.‎ A．climbing B．climbed C．to climb D．climb 答案　A 解析　句意为：随着猪肉和鸡蛋价格的迅速上涨，“消费物价指数”已经成为中国人的热门词汇。price与climb是主动关系，且此处不表示动作将要发生，故用现在分词作宾补。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．He made a rude gesture(手势) at the driver of the other car.‎ ‎2．The children are quite healthy although they all have slight(轻微的) colds at the moment.‎ ‎3．Christmas is almost here.Please send my Christmas greetings(问候) to her.‎ ‎4．The key to ensuring(确保) good sales of our exports is to improve quality.‎ ‎5．You’d better not talk about politics and religion(宗教)with strangers.‎ ‎6．Unfortunately，the new software has failed to meet our expectations(期望)．‎ ‎7．An emperor(皇帝) should never loosen the grasp of power.‎ ‎8．There will be lively New Year celebrations(庆祝活动) in the city centre.‎ ‎9．The prohibition(禁止) of smoking in public areas has already come into effect.‎ ‎10．If you are not accustomed(习惯于) to sleeping with the light on，just turn it off.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 be aware of，give out，hold out，take up，make sense ‎11．I have taken up badminton recently and play it almost every day.‎ ‎12．Seeing the waiter coming here，John held out his cup for more coffee.‎ ‎13．You should be aware of the dangers if you continue smoking.‎ ‎14．It doesn’t make sense to explain it to him because he doesn’t care about it.‎ ‎15．He gave out after the long walk.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．While/Although they are my neighbours，I do not know them well.‎ 尽管他们是我的邻居，我对他们了解得并不多。‎ ‎17．I have no idea what I plan to be when I grow up.‎ 我不知道长大以后要干什么。‎ ‎18．I think reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.‎ 我认为大声朗读对我们学习外语很重要。‎ ‎19．John received an invitation to the party，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.‎ 约翰收到了宴会的邀请，因为他的工作完成了，他欣然接受了邀请。‎ ‎20．I’d appreciate it if you could let me go on with the job.‎ 如果您能让我继续做这份工作，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We knew that Mary would do well，but she has succeeded beyond expectation(expect)．‎ ‎2．We hired a tour guide to show us around/round the city.‎ ‎3．Booking the ticket has taken up a whole afternoon.‎ ‎4．The reason why she missed school this morning was that she had to look after her sick grandpa.‎ ‎5．With the matter settled(settle) in such a short time，he was praised by the manager.‎ ‎6．We had thought that we could rely on them，but they let us down.‎ ‎7．He dislikes it when some people eat something in public.‎ ‎8．Tom missed the exam this morning.That is because he overslept.‎ ‎9．His manner was slightly (slight) rude，but you needn’t mind.‎ ‎10．I had to look twice to tell which was Tom；they all looked alike(like)．‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎11．The reason he was absent was he went shopping in town that day.‎ A．that；why B．why；why C．why；that D．that；because 答案　C 解析　句意为：他缺席的原因是那天他去城里购物了。第一处关系副词why引导定语从句修饰先行词the reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语，故选why；第二处是表语从句，be动词之后he went shopping in town that day是个完整的句子，连词that只起连接作用，无实际意义，故选C。‎ ‎12．Researchers were puzzled over the results，which were completely opposite to what they .‎ A．expect B．expected C．had expected D．were expecting 答案　C 解析　句意为：研究者对这些结果很是迷惑，因为这些结果完全与他们期望的相反。此处表示发生在“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时。‎ ‎13．The old man sat still beside the tomb with his eyes on the name carved in the stone.‎ A．fixing B．to fix C．fixed D．fix 答案　C 解析　his eyes与fix是被动关系，所以用fixed。‎ ‎14．Don’t be if you are in an situation；you can change your title.‎ A．embarrassing；embarrassed B．embarrassed；embarrassing C．embarrassing；embarrassing D．embarrassed；embarrassed 答案　B 解析　表示人“感到窘迫的”状态，用形容词embarrassed；而指“令人窘迫的”情形，则用形容词embarrassing。‎ ‎15．When first to the market，these products enjoyed great success.‎ A．introducing B．introduced C．introduce D．being introduced 答案　B 解析　这是“连词＋分词”结构，其中动词与逻辑主语(these products)之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎16．What shall we use for power when all the coal and oil in our country have ？‎ A．given out B．put out C．held up D．used up 答案　A 解析　give out分发，耗尽(不及物动词短语)；put out扑灭；hold up撑起，耽搁；use up用尽(及物动词短语)。‎ ‎17．Could you tell me how to these problems so that I will be able to adapt to the life in Guiyang?‎ A．do with B．come up with C．agree with D．deal with 答案　D 解析　句意为：你能告诉我为了适应贵阳的生活，应该如何处理这些问题吗？deal with处理，应对，和how连用；do with也有此意，但是要和what连用；come up with提出；agree with同意。‎ ‎18．Can you move the desk a little further？For it most of the office.‎ A．takes up B．takes off C．takes in D．takes on 答案　A 解析　句意为：你能把这张桌子挪远点吗？它占了办公室的大部分空间。take up意为“占据(时间或空间)”。‎ ‎19．I dislike when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.‎ A．that B．those C．it D．them 答案　C 解析　句意为：我不喜欢别人在公众场合嘲笑我，或者在背后说我的坏话。I dislike/hate/like it when...我不喜欢/讨厌/喜欢……。‎ ‎20．—He is always picking up very heavy things just to his strength.‎ ‎—What a man!‎ A．show around B．show off C．show up D．show in 答案　B 解析　show sb.around领某人参观；show off炫耀；show up出现；show...in领……进来。结合句意可知B项正确。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018•徐州模拟)‎ Although international students want to dive into American culture，it is easier to stay close to the familiar.‎ ‎“Most international students tell me that they want to meet and make friends with as many Americans as they can，” said Mark Galloway，Institute for International Studies student adviser at Murray State University.“But in reality，they are comfortable with being around people from their own country，if possible.”‎ Testing of English as a Foreign Language(TOEFL) is an admission(入学) test for international students enrolling in American universities.Galloway said students’ scores decreased when they spent less time with American students.More than 450 international students are on campus at Murray State University.Thailand，Japan，South Korea，China and Germany are the countries with the most students this semester，according to an IIS report.‎ Wichien Eampromate，Thai Student Association president，said poor English ability and cultural differences make it difficult for Thai students to spend time with Americans.“We eat different things；we do different kinds of things，” said Eampromate.‎ On the other hand，Joonseong Bae，an exchange student from Korea University，said he tries to avoid hanging around other Koreans.But it is not easy for him.He says he is less comfortable with Americans because he cannot say everything he wants to say，and not all Americans are patient with his limited English.“There were two or three Americans and me，” Bae said.“We talked about something.As time went by，I was kind of excluded(排斥在外) because they talked to each other.”‎ While international students venture outside their comfort zones，American students also have the opportunity to be exposed to other cultures.“I know there are a lot of ‎ American students who want to get to know international students，” said Philip Lee，a senior from Boonville，Indiana.“They are just uncomfortable.” Lee said he has learned about life from his international friends，although it is sometimes a challenge.“I can’t live a comfortable life all the time，” Lee said.“I realized there is a great benefit of stepping out of my comfort zone to meet people.”‎ 语篇解读　本文给留学生提出建议：要想融入美国文化，就要多同当地人交朋友，以加深彼此间的了解。‎ ‎21．From the first paragraph we learn that .‎ A．international students enjoy American culture with difficulty B．international students all go to America without preparation C．American culture，in fact，is the same as others D．American culture is easy to deal with 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。第一段提到留学生想要融入美国文化，但是他们发现还是和他们熟悉的人待在一起更轻松，即他们在享受美国文化时有困难。故选A项。‎ ‎22．What Galloway said in this passage means .‎ A．TOEFL is becoming more and more difficult B．TOEFL is a test held in American universities C．mixing with native Americans helps learning English D．America is the only place for us to learn English 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。第三段Galloway说当留学生和美国学生相处时间减少时，他们的托福成绩就会下降。由此推断选C项。‎ ‎23．When American students talk with international students，they .‎ A．always feel comfortable B．usually become angry C．often charge for money D．usually get familiar with other cultures 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“American students also have the opportunity to be exposed to other cultures”可知，美国学生与留学生交流时，也会熟悉其他文化，故选D项。‎ ‎24．What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A．International students go to America in order to improve their English.‎ B．International students can hardly make any friends in America.‎ C．It is necessary for international students to make friends with Americans.‎ D．It is bad for international students to get along with Americans.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。综观全文，本文主要讲述了要想融入美国文化，就要多同当地人交朋友。故选C项。‎ B ‎(2019•河南正阳高中高三检测)‎ Robert Taylor，who was helpful in creating the Internet and the modern personal ‎ computer，has died.He was 85.‎ ‎“Any way you look at it，from kickstarting the Internet to launching the personal computer revolution，Robert Taylor was a key architect of our modern world，” Leslie Berlin，a historian at the Stanford University Silicon Valley Archives project，told the New York Times.‎ In 1961，Taylor was a project manager for Nasa when he directed funding to Douglas Engelbart at the Stanford Research Institute，who helped develop the modern computer mouse.Taylor was working for the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (Arpa) in 1966 when he instructed the creation of a single computer network to link Arpasponsored researchers at companies and institutions around the country.Taylor was frustrated that he had to use three separate terminals to communicate with the researchers through their computer systems.‎ A few years later，Taylor went on to work at Xerox’s famous Palo Alto Research Center(Parc)，where he shepherded a team that helped create the Alto，a pioneering personal computer，which supplied each researcher with an individual workstation instead of sharing time on a roomsized mainframe(主机)．It was designed to use a graphical interface，which enabled the user to command the device through icons，windows and menus instead of typing text commands in computer language.The technology inspired Microsoft’s Windows software and the Apple computers.‎ In the 1990s，Taylor ran the Systems Research Center in Palo Alto for Digital Equipment Corporation.The lab helped create Alta Vista，one of the first Internet search engines.Taylor retired in 1996.‎ In 1999，Taylor was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.In 2004，he and other Parc researchers were awarded the Draper prize from the National Academy of Engineering for development of “the first practical networked personal computers”．‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网络和计算机方面的先锋者罗伯特•泰勒。‎ ‎25．When was the creation of a single computer network produced?‎ A．In 1961. B．In 1966.‎ C．In 2004. D．In 1996.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Taylor was working for the Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (Arpa) in 1966 when he instructed the creation of a single computer network to link Arpasponsored researchers at companies and institutions around the country.”可知，在1966年，泰勒指示建立了一个单一的计算机网络。故选B。‎ ‎26．What can we learn about Alto from Paragraph 4?‎ A．It is a leading personal computer.‎ B．It is designed to use a special menu.‎ C．It has many advantages in personal computer.‎ D．It provides each researcher with an individual workstation.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的描述可推断出关于Alto 在个人计算机方面有许多优点，故选C。‎ ‎27．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “shepherded” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Supervised. B．Undertook.‎ C．Developed. D．Motivated.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“...when he instructed the creation of a single computer network to link Arpasponsored researchers at companies and institutions around the country.”及画线词所在句可知，shepherded在此处译为“监督，指导”，故选A。‎ ‎28．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．The Life of Robert Taylor B．The Achievements of Robert Taylor C．Robert Taylor：An Internet and Computer Pioneer D．Robert Taylor’s Contributions to Personal Computer 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段“Robert Taylor，who was helpful in creating the Internet and the modern personal computer，has died.He was 85.”可知，本文主要介绍了罗伯特•泰勒，一位网络和计算机方面的先锋者。故选C。‎ Ⅳ.七选五 You need to dress warmly when you play in the snow.And to get around in deep snow，you might need snowshoes.‎ Animals need winter coats and snowshoes too.‎ A musk ox(麝牛) wears two coats in winter. 29 It keeps the inner coat of soft fur warm and dry.The furry undercoat falls off each spring and the ox grows a new one every winter.‎ A snowshoe rabbit changes its coat to match the season. 30 In winter it grows white fur to match the snow.It even has fur on the bottoms of its feet.‎ ‎ 31 A seal(海豹) has an extra layer under its fur coat too.This thick layer of fat lies under the seal’s skin and is great at holding in heat，especially in the water.‎ The Arctic fox has fur on the bottoms of its feet and one of the warmest double coats of any animal.But on very cold and windy days，it adds something. 32 A polar bear’s big feet act like snowshoes. 33 The bottom of each foot is protected by fur and the fur helps the bear walk on the snowy ground.‎ A．It can run very quickly.‎ B．Do you wear a sweater under your coat?‎ C．They can move quickly across the snow.‎ D．The outer coat reaches almost to the ground.‎ E．It uses its thick tail like a scarf to cover its nose and face.‎ F．In summer its brown fur helps it hide among dirt and rocks.‎ G．They spread out the bear’s weight so it can walk easily on the snow.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物如何抵御寒冷以及在冰天雪地里行走。‎ ‎29．答案　D 解析　根据上一句中的“wears two coats”及下句中的“the inner coat”可知，D项“外面的皮毛几乎垂到地面”符合语境。D项中的“outer coat”与下一句中的“inner coat”相呼应。‎ ‎30．答案　F 解析　根据该空前的“changes its coat to match the season”和该空后的“In winter it grows white fur to match the snow.”可知，雪鞋兔的皮毛为了和不同的季节保持协调而发生变化，因此F项介绍雪鞋兔的皮毛在夏天时的情况符合语境。F项中的In summer和下一句中的In winter形成对比。‎ ‎31．答案　B 解析　根据该空后的“an extra layer under its fur coat too”可知，B项“你在外套里面穿毛衣吗？ ”符合语境。B项中的“a sweater under your coat”与下一句中的“an extra layer under its fur coat”相呼应。‎ ‎32．答案　E 解析　根据该空前的“it adds something”可知，北极狐的尾巴还可当作围巾使用，包裹鼻子和脸。‎ ‎33．答案　G 解析　根据该空前的“A polar bear’s big feet act like snowshoes.”可知，G项“北极熊宽大的脚可以分摊自身的重量并且保证它们在雪上轻松行走”符合此处语境。‎ Period Four　Project ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15题；每题1分，满分15分)‎ ‎1．Arctic adj.北极的，北极区的n.北极 ‎2．feast n．盛宴，宴会；节日 ‎3．bravery n．勇敢→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地 ‎4．mask n．面具 vt.伪装，掩饰 ‎5．claw n．爪，爪子 ‎6．wolf n．狼 ‎7．musical adj.音乐的n.音乐剧→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家 ‎8．steam vt.& vi. 蒸，蒸发n.蒸汽 ‎9．stove n．炉子，火炉 ‎10．tribe n．部落 ‎11．plain n．平原adj.清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的 ‎12．bow n．弓；蝴蝶结；琴弓 ‎13．arrow n．箭；箭头标记 ‎14．hug vt.& vi.& n．拥抱，抱紧 ‎15．ensure vt.保证，担保，确保 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10题；每题3分，满分30分)‎ ‎16．minority n．少数民族；少数，少数人→majority n．大多数，大部分 ‎17．account n．描述，叙述 ‎18．carve vt.雕刻 ‎19．govern vt.统治；控制，支配→government n．统治；政府→governor n．州长；统治者 ‎20．mysterious adj.神秘的，奇怪的 ‎21．retell(retold，retold) vt.复述，转述 ‎22．roast vt.烤，烘焙adj.烤的，焙的 ‎23．expectation n．期望，盼望→expect v．期望，预料，认为 ‎24．religion n．宗教→religious adj.宗教的；虔诚的 ‎25．slight adj.轻微的→slightly adv.轻微地Ⅲ.写出下列短语或者短语对应的汉语意思(共10题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎26．have the chance to do sth.有机会做某事 ‎27．hunt for打猎；搜捕 ‎28．believe in信任；信仰 ‎29．take part in参加 ‎30．be home to 是……的家园 ‎31．be rich in富含……‎ ‎32．meet with sb.遇见某人；与某人会晤 ‎33．belong to属于 ‎34．have power over控制，支配 ‎35．be designed to被设计用来……Ⅳ.完成句子(共5题；每题7分，满分35分)‎ ‎36．While staying with the Inuit people you will have the chance to ride on a dog sled and travel in a sealskin boat.‎ 在与因纽特人相处期间，你将有机会乘坐狗拉雪橇、划用海豹皮制成的皮筏子。‎ ‎37．Here you will have the chance to see Aborigine ceremonies with singing and dancing，based on ancient beliefs.‎ 在这里，你将有机会目睹基于古老信仰的土著仪式，仪式上人们载歌载舞。‎ ‎38．It is believed that the Maori people came from the Pacific islands of Polynesia.‎ 人们相信，毛利人来自太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛。‎ ‎39．One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.英语中有许多法语单词的一个原因是法国曾统治英国很多年。‎ ‎40．In Thailand and other parts of SouthEast Asia，the normal greeting is a slight bow with the hands pressed together.‎ 在泰国和东南亚的其他一些地区，通常的打招呼方式是双手合十并微微鞠躬。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．minority　　　 A．勇敢 ‎2．Arctic B．盛宴，宴会；节日 ‎3．feast C．少数民族；少数，少数人 ‎4．account D．描述，叙述 ‎5．bravery E．北极的，北极区的 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．mask A．雕刻 ‎7．carve B．爪，爪子 ‎8．claw C．统治；控制，支配 ‎9．govern D．伪装，掩饰 ‎10．musical E．音乐的；音乐剧 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．mysterious A．复述，转述 ‎12．steam B．清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的 ‎13．plain C．烤的，焙的 ‎14．retell D．蒸，蒸发 ‎15．roast E．神秘的，奇怪的 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Carefulreading ‎1．The Inuit live mainly on .‎ A．rice B．fruit C．meat D．vegetable 答案　C ‎2．If you want to try some strange food，you’d better go to .‎ A．Canada B．Australia C．New Zealand D．America 答案　B ‎3．The Maoris believe in .‎ A．only one god B．Great Spirits C．many gods D．the Great Spirit 答案　C ‎4．When you visit a tribe in the centre of North America，you will .‎ A．see some fine carving art works B．join in a dance called the Haka C．get the chance to go night fishing D．take part in the Sun Dance 答案　D Step 2　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ Cultural experience tours Where to go What to do What to eat 1.Where to sleep Inuit Experience Canada Ride on a dog sled and travel in a sealskin boat；2.gather/collect food with the Inuit when they are in the Arctic Circle；join in a large summer gathering；take part in the dancing；listen to traditional accounts of bravery and 3.play games；learn to make some of their native jewellery. 4.Mainly animals：seal，deer，whale meat and fish Tents Aborigine Adventure 5.Australia See Aboriginal 6.ceremonies with singing and dancing；try some very strange food；learn about Aboriginal musical instruments and weapons they use for 7.hunting. Food from the bush and snakes Not mentioned ‎ Mysterious Maoris New Zealand Meet with the Maoris in the traditional meeting house；join in a dance；go night fishing. Fish and sweet potato In the 8.wooden houses Native American Indian Adventure The USA Wear animal skin clothes；take part in the Sun Dance；9.attend a bow and arrow competition. 10.Roasted meat In an Indian tent ‎ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 重点词汇 ‎ We offer you the chance to visit different minority cultures and experience for yourself their traditions，customs and way of life.‎ 我们提供给你个机会去参观不同少数民族的文化，亲自体验他们的传统、风俗和生活方式。‎ minority n．少数民族；少数，少数人 ‎※a minority of...少数……‎ be in the/a minority占少数 ‎※majority n．大多数，大部分 be in the/a majority占多数 ‎(1)The government makes every effort to protect the interests of the minorities in order to create a harmonious society.‎ 为了创建一个和谐社会，政府竭尽全力去保护少数民族的利益。‎ ‎(2)Women are very much in the/a minority in political leadership around the world.‎ 在世界范围内的政治领袖中，女性占极少数。‎ ‎(3)Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in the/a majority.‎ 在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车，但是乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。‎ ‎[温馨提示]‎ ‎※“the majority/minority”单独作主语，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可。‎ ‎※“the majority/minority＋of＋名词”作主语，其后的谓语动词的单复数取决于of之后的名词。‎ ‎(4)The majority were/was(be) against the plan put forward at the meeting.‎ 大多数人反对会议上提出的计划。‎ ‎(5)The majority of the damage is(be) easy to repair.‎ 这次的损失大部分容易补救。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(6)—What is boys’ favorite sport?‎ ‎—Football.But of boys in our class like playing football.‎ A．nobody B．most C．the minority D．everyone 答案　C 解析　句意为：——男孩们最喜爱什么运动？——足球。但是，我们班里只有少数男孩子喜欢踢足球。the minority of少数，符合语境。most of大多数，不符合语境。‎ ‎ You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing，listen to traditional accounts of bravery，and play games.‎ 你将有机会参加一个这样的大型集会，你还有机会参加跳舞，聆听传统的英勇故事，还可以参与游戏。‎ account n．描述，叙述；账户 v．认为是，视为；说明；总计有 on account of因为，由于 on no account决不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装) take...into account考虑到，顾及 open an account开一个账户 account for解释，说明；是……的原因；(数量上、比例上)占……‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中account for的汉语意思 ‎(1)Computers account for 5% of the country’s commercial electricity consumption.‎ ‎(比例上)占……‎ ‎(2)The heavy rain may have accounted for the fact that so many students were late this morning.‎ 解释 ‎[语境填词]‎ ‎(3)Mark was stopped from returning home on account of(由于) the sudden rain.Besides，taking safety into account(考虑到)，he decided to stay in the tent for another night.These accounted for(解释) his absence from school.‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)We should on no account give up the plan.(改为倒装句)‎ On no account should we give up the plan.‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“决不”的短语小结：in no case；by no means；at no time；in no way；under no circumstances。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.‎ A．lies in B．accounts for C．consists of D．goes with 答案　B 解析　句意为：据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。lie in在于；account for(数量上、比例上)占……；consist of由……组成(或构成)；go with与……相配(或协调、和谐)。‎ ‎ There are many different tribes that belong to the Native American Indian group.‎ 美洲印第安民族有许多不同的部落。‎ belong to属于 belongings n.财产；所有物 ‎(1)China is a developing country，belonging to(which belongs to) the Third World.‎ 中国是一个发展中国家，属于第三世界。‎ ‎(2)She lost all her belongings(belong) in the fire.‎ 她在那场火灾中失去了所有的财产。‎ ‎(3)Will you forgive me，Sir Percival，if I tell you that it now belongs to another person? ‎ 如果我告诉你它现在属于另外一个人，你会原谅我吗，珀西瓦尔先生？‎ ‎[温馨提示]　belong to是一个动词词组，没有被动语态，也不能用于进行时态，介词to后面要接名词或人称代词宾格作宾语。‎ ‎ The Plains Indians believe in the Great Spirit who has power over all things including animals，trees，stones and clouds.‎ 平原印第安人信奉至上神，认为至上神对包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的一切拥有控制权。‎ have power over控制，支配 in power在掌权 come to/into power上台执政，掌权 beyond one’s power为某人能力所不及 in/within one’s power在某人的能力/权力之内 ‎(1)People should have power over the decisions that affect their lives.‎ 人们应该能支配影响他们生活的决定。‎ ‎(2)Some animals have the power to see(see) in the dark.‎ 有些动物具有在黑暗中能看见东西的本领。‎ ‎[写作佳句]‎ ‎(3)The decision is in the hand of him；I couldn’t do the things beyond my power.‎ 决定权在他那儿，我不能越权而为之。‎ ‎[温馨提示]　in power表示状态；come to/into power表示动作。‎ ‎(4)As soon as their party came to/into power，they changed the law.‎ 他们的党一上台，他们就修改了法律。‎ ‎(5)The party expects to be back in power after the election.该党希望大选以后能重新掌权。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(6)My question is why people animals and use animals to help their own species.(2018•盐城质检)‎ A．have power over B．get away from C．make room for D．put up with 答案　A 解析　句意为：我的问题是人类为什么控制着动物，并利用它们帮助自己。have power over控制，符合句意。get away from逃离……；make room for给……让地方；put up with忍受。‎ 经典句式 It is believed that the Maori people came from the Pacific islands of Polynesia.‎ 人们相信，毛利人来自太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛。‎ It is believed that...中it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。即构成结构：It is＋过去分词＋that从句。此结构可转换为：Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式。类似用法：‎ It is thought that...大家认为……‎ It is said that...据说……‎ It is reported that...据报道……‎ ‎(1)It is said that the couple have left that country.‎ ‎＝The couple are said to have left that country.‎ 据说这对夫妇已经离开了那个国家。‎ ‎(2)It is once thought that the sun travelled around the earth.人们曾经认为太阳绕着地球转。‎ ‎(3)It is reported that many more popular terms have been created on the Internet last year.‎ ‎＝Many more popular terms are reported to have been created on the Internet last year.‎ ‎＝People report that many more popular terms have been created on the Internet last year.‎ 据报道，去年网络上又诞生了不少的流行词语。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)The big fire due to the burning of construction materials caused 58 deaths and destroyed all the belongings of the people there.‎ A．was believed to occur B．was believed to have occurred C．believed to have been occurred D．believed to have occurred 答案　D 解析　句意为：人们相信大火是由于建筑材料的燃烧造成的，大火造成了58人丧生，居住在那里的人们的所有财物都被烧毁了。big fire作为主语，后面的cause和destroy是并列的两个谓语动词，所以believe只能作为非谓语动词来使用，排除A、B两项，而occur是不及物动词没有被动语态，所以排除C项。故选D项。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Your account(叙述) of what happened does not tie in with what three other witnesses have said.‎ ‎2．Sled pulled by dogs is in common use in the Arctic(北极)．‎ ‎3．Our expectation(期望) is that we should be there.In fact，we should have gotten there a long time ago.‎ ‎4．We all think she should be praised for her bravery(勇敢)．‎ ‎5．The nation need peace；only the minority(少数人) want the war to continue.‎ ‎6．The mother found that her son had a musical(音乐的) talent.‎ ‎7．There are many mysterious(神秘的) stories about the Egyptian pyramids.‎ ‎8．It is a tale which has often been retold(转述) within West Indian literature.‎ ‎9．That chicken you roasted(烤) was absolutely delicious.‎ ‎10．This is the law governing(支配) the development of economy.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 believe in，have power over，be designed to，hunt for，be home to ‎11．I think everyone can have power over his or her fate.‎ ‎12．Lena went out again that day to hunt for a job.‎ ‎13．He likes the TV program that is designed to educate kids.‎ ‎14．The beautiful site is home to several football teams.‎ ‎15．Some people believe in God while others don’t.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．When/While (I was) dancing，I wore a special dance mask carved from wood.‎ 跳舞时，我戴着一个用木头刻的特殊跳舞面具。‎ ‎17．It is believed that the new manager will be fit for the position.‎ 人们相信这个新经理会称职的。‎ ‎18．We should not keep the things that/which don’t belong to us.‎ 我们不该留着不属于我们的东西。‎ ‎19．He is watching a play based on a novel by Lu Xun.‎ 他正在看一部由鲁迅的小说改编的戏剧。‎ ‎20．Visit there in summer，and you will have the chance to see many exciting festivals.‎ 在夏天造访那里，你将有机会看到许多令人兴奋的节日庆典。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．This is the second time I have been let down by that person；I shall never trust him again.‎ ‎2．The foreign visitors are being shown around/round the exhibition，and they will come out in an hour or so.‎ ‎3．She said she’d gradually adjusted to living(live) alone.‎ ‎4．It’s time for you to quit(quit) smoking.‎ ‎5．If you had carried an umbrella，you wouldn’t have got(not，get) wet.‎ ‎6．With the petrol running(run) out，we must find a gas station.‎ ‎7．Let us remember the brave(bravery) who died for the peace of the world.‎ ‎8．You can congratulate yourself on having passed the important exam.‎ ‎9．We will climb the Mountain Tai，weather permitting(permit)．‎ ‎10．What he got abroad was good education.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎11．Nowadays many people make their choices about what they buy， advertisements rather than their own judgment.‎ A．basing on B．based on C．to base on D．was based on 答案　B 解析　句意为：现在很多人根据广告而不是自己的判断来对要买的东西作出选择。此处是作定语，修饰choices，故用过去分词表示被动。‎ ‎12．—Tom has played a lot of computer games recently.‎ ‎—Yes，that might his failure in the midterm examination.‎ A．account for B．answer for C．ask for D．stand for 答案　A 解析　句意为：——汤姆最近玩太多电脑游戏了。——是的，这也许是他期中考试失利的原因。account for是……的原因，符合句意。answer for对……负责，因……受到谴责；ask for要求，请求；stand for代表。‎ ‎13．Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future to the welleducated.‎ A．belongs B．is belonged C．is belonging D．will be belonged 答案　A 解析　句意为：威廉姆斯教授一直告诫他的学生们说未来是属于受过良好教育的人的。belong to属于，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。‎ ‎14．Most members of the committee were in favor of the suggestion；only a were against it.‎ A．majority B．minority C．quantity D．amount 答案　B 解析　句意为：委员会中的大多数成员都赞成这个建议，只有小部分人反对。minority少数，符合句意。majority大多数；quantity数量；amount账目。‎ ‎15．A new bridge is said over the Wen River in the coming summer.‎ A．to be built B．to have been built C．having been built D．having built 答案　A 解析　“据说……”的英语表达通常可以用以下两种句型：It is said that...＝Sb./Sth.be said to do sth.。排除C、D两项；桥还没建，排除B项，故选A项。‎ ‎16．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?‎ A．about B．to C．with D．over 答案　B 解析　句意为：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是……的栖息地，是……的家园”。‎ ‎17．I’m now faced with the same problem as other graduates.I have been for a job over the past few months.‎ A．hoping B．expecting C．hunting D．waiting 答案　C 解析　句意为：现在我和其他毕业生面临着相同的问题。我在过去的几个月里一直在找工作。hunt for寻找，搜索，符合句意。‎ ‎18．I am sorry it’s beyond my to make a final decision on this project.‎ A．strength B．power C．force D．energy 答案　B 解析　句意为：很抱歉，关于这个项目我无权做出最终决定。power权力，影响力，能力；beyond one’s power超出某人的权力范围。‎ ‎19．Everyone in the tourist industry has made the point that Government assistance is helpful，what they actually need most is for the visitors themselves to return.(2018•常熟高三质检)‎ A．as B．when C．while D．since 答案　C 解析　句意为：从事旅游业的每个人都表示，尽管政府的援助确实有帮助，但是他们真正需要的是让游客自己回来。这里需要选择一个引导让步状语从句的连词，while可引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。‎ ‎20．—My husband’s out of town.I’m going to watch all the movies he wouldn’t take me to see.‎ ‎—Why not？ .(2018•徐州高三质检)‎ A．Great minds think alike B．It is good fishing in troubled waters C．Make hay while the sun shines D．Among the blind the oneeyed man is king 答案　C 解析　句意为：——我丈夫出城去了。我要去看他不会带我去看的电影。——抓紧时机。A项意为“英雄所见略同”；B项意为“浑水好摸鱼”；C项意为“抓紧时机”；D项意为“在盲人中独眼人是国王；山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car and landing on my head.Now I am thirtytwo.I can 21 remember the brightness of sunshine and what colour red is.It would be wonderful to see again，but a 22 can do strange things to people.It 23 to me the other day that I might not have come to 24 life as I do if I hadn’t been blind.I believe in life now.I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply，otherwise.I don’t mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes.I simply mean that the 25 of them made me appreciate more 26 I had left.‎ Life，I believe，asks a continuous series of 27 to reality.The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments，the more meaningful his own private world becomes.The adjustment is never easy.But I was lucky.My parents and my teachers saw something in me—a 28 to live，you might call it—which I didn’t see，and they made me want to fight it out with 29 .‎ The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself.If I hadn’t been able to do that，I would have 30 and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life.When I say 31 in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of selfconfidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone.I mean something bigger than that：an assurance that I am， 32 imperfections，a real，positive person; that somewhere in the complex pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.‎ It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance.It had to start with the most 33 things.Once a man gave me an indoor baseball.I thought he was 34 me and I was 35 .“I can’t use this，” I said.“Take it with you，” he urged me，“and roll it around.” The words 36 in my head.“Roll it around！” By rolling the ball I could hear where it went.This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought 37 ：playing baseball.At Philadelphia’s Overbrook School for the Blind I 38 a successful game of baseball.We called it ground ball.‎ All my life I have set ahead of me a series of 39 and then tried to reach them，‎ one at a time.I had to learn my limitations.It was no good trying for something that I knew at the start was absolutely 40 because that only invited bitterness of failure.I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者意外失明后如何克服困难的经历。‎ ‎21．A.strongly B．definitely C．vaguely D．clearly 答案　C 解析　句意为：现在我已经32岁了。我还模糊地记得阳光是多么灿烂，红色是多么鲜艳。strongly强有力地，坚强地；definitely清楚地，明确地；vaguely模糊地；clearly清晰地。‎ ‎22．A.catastrophe B．content C．caution D．category 答案　A 解析　句意为：能恢复视力固然好，但灾难也能对人产生奇妙的作用。catastrophe灾难；content内容；caution小心，谨慎；category种类。‎ ‎23．A.struck B．occurred C．hit D．referred 答案　B 解析　句意为：有一天我突然想到，倘若我不是盲人，我或许不会变得像现在这样热爱生活。It occurred to sb.that...某人突然想到……。‎ ‎24．A.determine B．hate C．influence D．love 答案　D 解析　见上题解析。‎ ‎25．A.confidence B．darkness C．misery D．loss 答案　D 解析　句意为：这并不意味着我更愿成为盲人，而只是意味着失去视力使我更加珍惜自己其他的能力。loss失去。‎ ‎26．A.who B．where C．what D．why 答案　C 解析　见上题解析。what I had left我所剩下的。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作left的宾语。‎ ‎27．A.adjustments B．assumptions C．attractions D．appointments 答案　A 解析　句意为：我认为生活需要人们对现实不断适应(adjustment)。下文中的make these adjustments是提示。‎ ‎28．A.purpose B．potential C．pressure D．preparation 答案　B 解析　“我”的父母和老师们看到了“我”的潜力(potential)。‎ ‎29．A.sight B．baseball C．blindness D．adaptation 答案　C 解析　句意为：他们激励我誓与失明(blindness)拼搏到底。‎ ‎30．A.acknowledged B．collapsed C．appreciated D．blamed 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果做不到这一点，我的精神就会崩溃(collapse)，只能坐在前门廊的摇椅中度过余生。‎ ‎31．A.belief B．information C．understanding D．research 答案　A 解析　句意为：当我说相信自己，并不仅仅指帮助我独自走下陌生的楼梯的那种自信。belief相信。‎ ‎32．A.despite B．regardless C．beneath D．in spite 答案　A 解析　句意为：我指的是大事：是坚信自己虽然有缺陷，却是一个真实的、有进取心的人。despite是介词，意为“尽管，不管”。‎ ‎33．A.extreme B．elementary C．extraordinary D．efficient 答案　B 解析　句意为：我花了很长时间才树立并不断加强这一信念。这要从最基本的事做起。extreme极端的，极度的；elementary基本的，初级的；extraordinary非凡的，特别的；efficient有效率的，高效的。‎ ‎34．A.abusing B．encouraging C．teasing D．laughing 答案　C 解析　句意为：有一次一个人给我一个室内玩的棒球，我以为他在嘲笑(tease)我，心里很受伤(hurt)。‎ ‎35．A.injured B．worried C．disappointed D．hurt 答案　D 解析　见上题解析。‎ ‎36．A.stuck B．impressed C．occupied D．held 答案　A 解析　句意为：他的话在我脑子里生了根。stick in萦绕在(脑海中)。‎ ‎37．A.useless B．dull C．uninteresting D．impossible 答案　D 解析　句意为：这让我想到怎样实现一个我曾认为不可能(impossible)实现的目标：打棒球。‎ ‎38．A.made B．produced C．invented D．discovered 答案　C 解析　句意为：我发明(invent)了一种很受欢迎的棒球游戏，我们称它为地面球。‎ ‎39．A.promises B．purposes C．intentions D．goals 答案　D 解析　句意为：我这一辈子给自己设立了一系列目标，然后努力去达到，一次一个。promise承诺；purpose目的；intention目的，意图；goal目标。‎ ‎40．A.out of control B．out of question C．out of sight D．out of reach 答案　D 解析　若开始就知道某个目标根本达不到却硬要去实现，那不会有任何好处。out of control失去控制；out of question没问题，毫无疑问；out of sight看不见；out of reach够不着。‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 Toronto in Canada is one of those cities that people visit and then dream of living in.It’s large，but not too large；prosperous(繁荣的)，but not expensive.But most importantly，Toronto is very open and tolerant.The city，the capital of the region of Ontario，is one of the world’s most multicultural cities.‎ The fact that 140 languages are spoken in the city tells a story.What’s more,12.5 percent of the city’s population is Chinese.‎ With all the different groups in the city，you’d expect a variety of foods to try.And，sure enough，there are many different restaurants in Toronto，from Vietnamese to Ethiopian.Many of them are found in the Kensington Market area，where there’s also music to hear and art to see.‎ This multicultural background is probably one of the reasons that many people consider it a mysterious place.Speaking to BBC News，blogger Alyssa James said，“The city doesn’t give up its secrets easily.I love Toronto because you really have to love and know it.”‎ Toronto is a great place to explore if you want to get the most out of it.James mentioned the beaches，which are close to the city and have wonderfully clean sand and water.The good thing is that getting around in Toronto is easy，since it has a very good public transport system.It also has a reputation of being home to many talented computer geniuses.So，if you’re hoping to work in the technology industry，Toronto is a place to consider moving to.‎ With all this to offer，it’s not surprising that this Canadian city is an attractive destination，whether you’re going on a vacation or even looking for a home.‎ 语篇导读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加拿大多伦多的相关情况。‎ ‎41．What do people think of Toronto in Canada?‎ A．A place people used to visit most.‎ B．The largest city in Canada.‎ C．The most expensive city.‎ D．An open and tolerant place.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“But most importantly，Toronto is very open and tolerant.”可知，多伦多是一个非常开放和包容的城市，故D项正确。‎ ‎42．What can we learn about Toronto?‎ A．People can experience different cultures.‎ B．12.5% of the residents are from France.‎ C．Vietnamese foods are the most popular.‎ D．People can appreciate only African music.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The city，the capital of the region of Ontario，is one of the world’s most multicultural cities.”和第四段第一句“This multicultural background is probably one of the reasons that many people consider it a mysterious place.”可推断出，在多伦多，人们可以体验到多种文化，故A项正确。‎ ‎43．What makes people think Toronto a mystery? ‎ A．Computer geniuses. B．Residents.‎ C．Diverse cultures. D．Beaches.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“This multicultural background is probably one of the reasons that many people consider it a mysterious place.”可知，多元的文化背景可能是许多人认为多伦多是一个神秘的地方的原因之一，故C项正确。‎ Ⅴ.语法填空 A rain forest is an area 44 (cover) by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year.Rain forests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. 45 the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere， 46 (warm) the rest of the world.Losing the rain forests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.‎ In the past hundred years，humans 47 (begin) destroying rain forests in search of three major resources：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm 48 (animal)．This action affects the environment as a whole.For example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rain forests.People 49 (obvious) have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees， 50 we will suffer much more than we will benefit.‎ Rain forests are often called the world’s drug store.More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rain forests.However，fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their 51 (medicine) value.It is extremely likely 52 our best chance to cure diseases 53 (lie) somewhere in the world’s shrinking rain forests.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了雨林的作用，以及人们破坏雨林的原因和造成的影响等。‎ ‎44．答案　covered 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰area，它与所修饰的词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填covered。‎ ‎45．答案　Without 解析　考查介词。句意为：没有雨林覆盖的话，这些区域反射到大气中的热量会更多，从而会使地球其余区域变暖。由句意可知此处应用介词Without。‎ ‎46．答案　warming 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，它与其逻辑主语(空前描述的这件事)之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填warming。‎ ‎47．答案　have begun 解析　考查时态。根据本句中的时间状语In the past hundred years及下文内容可判断出，此处表示发生在过去，且对现在仍有影响的动作，故应用现在完成时。‎ ‎48．答案　animals 解析　考查名词单复数。animal是可数名词，根据上下文语境可以判断出，此处应用animal的复数形式。故填animals。‎ ‎49．答案　obviously 解析　考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子应用obvious的副词形式。故填obviously。‎ ‎50．答案　but 解析　考查连词。句意为：很明显，我们需要那些我们从砍伐树木中获得的资源，但是我们因此遭受的苦难要比我们所获得的益处要多得多。根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，所以应用but。‎ ‎51．答案　medical 解析　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词value作定语，应用medicine的形容词形式，故填medical。‎ ‎52．答案　that 解析　考查主语从句。本句中的It作形式主语，后面的从句作真正的主语，因为从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以此处应用that。‎ ‎53．答案　lies 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。lie是从句中的谓语动词，根据上下文语境可判断出，此处应用一般现在时；又因从句中的主语chance是单数，故填lies。‎ Ⅵ.微写作 ‎ 写作素材 (关于学习)‎ ‎1．在期末考试中，李华取得了好成绩。‎ ‎2．我们祝贺她取得了很大的进步。‎ ‎3．她说学习占据了她的大部分时间。‎ ‎4．她已适应了这种生活。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ ‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ In the endofterm examination，Li Hua got a good grade. We congratulated her on her great progress. She said studying took up most of her time and she had already adjusted to this kind of life.‎ Period Five　Grammar—Unreal conditionals ‎ ‎ 感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题 ‎1．If I were you，I should try my best to go to college.‎ ‎2．Were I you，I should try my best to go to college.‎ ‎3．If he had gone to the party last night，everything would have changed.‎ ‎4．Had he gone to the party last night，everything would have changed.‎ ‎5．If it were to be sunny tomorrow，we would go out for a picnic.‎ ‎6．Were it to be sunny tomorrow，we would go out for a picnic.‎ ‎1．句1,2表示与现在事实相反的假设。‎ ‎2．句3,4表示与过去事实相反的假设。‎ ‎3．句5,6表示与将来事实相反的假设。‎ ‎4．句1,2；句3,4；句5,6的句意分别相同吗？相同。‎ ‎5．句2,4,6共同的特点是：省略if后的倒装句。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、虚拟语气简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。‎ 在条件句中，只有是非真实条件句时，才用虚拟语气。重要的是通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现。能够实现的是真实条件句，就不能使用虚拟语气；反之，则是非真实条件句，要使用虚拟语气。‎ 二、虚拟语气中if条件句型 ‎(1)与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 条件句用动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)；主句用“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。‎ If I knew Arabic，the Arab would not mistake me.‎ 如果我懂阿拉伯语，那个阿拉伯人就不会误会我了。‎ If he were here，we would congratulate him on his promotion.‎ 如果他在这里，我们就祝贺他晋升了。‎ ‎(2)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 条件句用“had＋过去分词”；主句用“would/could/might/should ＋ have＋过去分词”。‎ If I had been invited to the wedding reception，I could have taken a few photos with the bride.‎ 如果被邀请参加那次婚宴，我可能就会和新娘一起拍几张照片了。‎ She would/might have come for the celebration if she hadn’t been so busy.‎ 要是不那么忙，她就来参加庆典了。‎ If I hadn’t taken your advice，I would have made a big mistake.‎ 如果没有接受你的建议，我就会犯一个大错误。‎ ‎(3)与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 条件句用动词的过去式、“should ＋动词原形”或“were to ＋动词原形”；主句用“would/could/might/should ＋动词原形”。‎ If it should rain，we wouldn’t go out.‎ 如果天下雨，我们就不出去。‎ If he should study/were to study/studied hard，he would live up to his parents’ expectations.‎ 如果他努力学习，就不会辜负父母的期望。‎ 三、if条件句转换成倒装句 if虚拟条件句中含有should，were，had时，可把这些词移至主语前构成倒装句并省略if。例如：‎ If I were in school again，I would work harder.可转换为：Were I in school again，I would work harder.如果我重返校园的话，我会更努力地学习。‎ If my lawyer had been here last Saturday，he would have prevented me from going. 可转换为：Had my lawyer been here last Saturday，he would have prevented me from going.如果我的律师上星期六在这里的话，他就会阻止我去。‎ If there should be a meeting tomorrow，I would come. 可转换为：Should there be a meeting tomorrow，I would come.如果明天有会议的话，我会来的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.(2018•北京，13)‎ A．drove B．would drive C．were to drive D．had driven 答案　D 解析　根据主句的谓语形式以及语境可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的结构：主句谓语用“should/would/could/might＋have done”，从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”。‎ ‎2．If we the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(2018•天津，15)‎ A．had caught B．caught C．have caught D．would catch 答案　A 解析　句意为：如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。根据前半句中的时间状语yesterday以及后半部分中的would be enjoying及时间状语now可知，这是一个错综时间条件句。从句表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故用“had＋动词的过去分词”。‎ ‎3． not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017•江苏，22)‎ A．It were B．Were it C．It was D．Was it 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B项。‎ ‎4．If it for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.(2016•江苏，27)‎ A．had not been B．should not be C．were not to be D．should not have been 答案　A 解析　句意为：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语the other day可知，这是对过去行为的虚拟，故if从句要用过去完成时。‎ ‎5．Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDSrelated deaths since their highest in 2005.(2016•浙江，15)‎ A．had not fallen B．would not fall C．did not fall D．would not have fallen 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果政府和科学家们不共同努力的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点降下来。根据“Had the governments and scientists not worked together”可知事情发生在过去，因此主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。‎ ‎6．I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn’t been wearing one，I .(2016•天津，15)‎ A．were injured B．would be injured C．had been injured D．would have been injured 答案　D 解析　句意为：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。‎ ‎7．Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week？If you me，I could have helped.(2016•北京，34)‎ A．told B．had told C．were to tell D．would tell 答案　B 解析　句意为：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮助你了。根据第一句可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，故if条件句用过去完成时。‎ ‎8．If I it with my own eyes，I wouldn’t have believed it.(2015•北京，34)‎ A．didn’t see B．weren’t seeing C．wouldn’t see D．hadn’t seen 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果不是亲眼看到，我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词“wouldn’t have believed”可知是对过去情况的虚拟，虚拟条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。‎ ‎9． no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2014•福建，32)‎ A．Were there B．Had there been C．If there are D．If there have been 答案　A 解析　根据主句中的“would have to”以及句意可知，本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时。当虚拟条件句中有had，should，were时，可以将if省略，然后把had，should，were提到主语前面。故选A项。‎ ‎10．We back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.(2014•北京，34)‎ A．are B．were C．will be D．would be 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果你不丢失地图的话，我们现在已经回到旅馆了。由now知此处为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”，故选D项。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 ‎1．If she had been at school，I would have seen(see) her.‎ ‎2．I would let(let) you go to work now if it weren’t raining so hard.‎ ‎3．Had(have) it not been for the free ticket，I would not have gone to see the film.‎ ‎4．If I had had her address，I wouldn’t have lost(not，lose) touch with her.‎ ‎5．Were(be) I you，I would buy a new car.‎ ‎6．If I should see/were to see/saw(see) him tomorrow，I would invite him home.‎ ‎7．Were I to do it，I would do(do) it in some other ways.‎ ‎8．If you had been(be) more careful，the rice would not have been burnt.‎ Ⅱ.用虚拟语气完成句子 ‎9．Should he not come，you would take his place.‎ 万一他不来，你将代替他。(倒装结构)‎ ‎10．Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.‎ 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。(倒装结构)‎ ‎11．Were I you，I would do it at once.‎ 假若我是你，我就会马上做这件事。(倒装结构)‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎12．If you should be interested in our offer，please contact us.‎ ‎→Should you be interested in our offer，please contact us.‎ ‎13．If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.‎ ‎→Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.‎ ‎14．If she were here，she would help you.‎ ‎→Were she here，she would help you.‎ ‎15．If I had not been ill that day，I would have taken part in the parade.‎ ‎→Had I not been ill that day，I would have taken part in the parade.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Were it not for the snowy weather，we would be(be) all right.‎ ‎2．Had the captain been more careful，his ship wouldn’t have sunk(not，sink)．‎ ‎3．If you asked your father，you might get(get) permission.‎ ‎4．Were(be) he to leave today，he would get there by Friday.‎ ‎5．If there should be/were(be) any change about the date，I would inform you in time.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎6．If you had come earlier yesterday，you would have seen the famous astronaut.‎ ‎→Had you come earlier yesterday，you would have seen the famous astronaut.‎ ‎7．If our car hadn’t broken down on the way，we wouldn’t have been caught by the rain.‎ ‎→Had our car not broken down on the way，we wouldn’t have been caught by the rain.‎ ‎8．If she were to be here next Sunday，I would tell her about the matter.‎ ‎→Were she to be here next Sunday，I would tell her about the matter.‎ ‎9．If it had not been for the timely rain，we would have lost everything.‎ ‎→Had it not been for the timely rain，we would have lost everything.‎ ‎10．If they should refuse our request，we could show them this picture.‎ ‎→Should they refuse our request，we could show them this picture.‎ Ⅲ.单项填空 ‎11．Were you really great and powerful，you your promises.‎ A．will keep B．shall keep C．must keep D．would keep 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果你真的伟大而又强大，你会遵守诺言的。分析句子可知本句是省略if的虚拟语气，从句用了一般过去时，故可知主句要用would/could/might/should＋动词原形。故选D项。‎ ‎12． house property tax come into effect，China might witness a fall in house prices.(2018•镇江高二期末)‎ A．Would B．Should C．Could D．Might 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果房产税生效，中国可能会出现房价下跌。根据语境可知，这里表示与将来事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中常常用“should ＋do”，并且可以将if省略，should提前到句首；本题从句完整的表达是“If house property tax should come into effect”，故答案是B。‎ ‎13．—With the failure of the experiment，we have reached a dead end.‎ ‎—Cheer up！Many good things would never have happened if the bad events first.‎ ‎(2018•连云港高二检测)‎ A．don’t happen B．didn’t happen C．hadn’t happened D．haven’t happened 答案　C 解析　句意为：——由于实验失败，我们已到了穷途末路。——振作起来！如果坏事没有先发生的话，很多好事就不会发生。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态。故选C。‎ ‎14．If I weren’t so tired，I with you to the movie tonight.(2018•北京师大附中期末)‎ A．will go B．would have gone C．would go D．went 答案　C 解析　句意为：如果我不那么累，今晚就和你一起去看电影。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与现在的事实相反，条件句用一般过去时态，主句用“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”，故答案为C。‎ ‎15．If we a table in advance，we wouldn’t be standing here in the long queue.‎ ‎(2018•扬州高二检测)‎ A．reserve B．reserved C．have reserved D．had reserved 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果我们事先预定了一张桌子，我们就不会排长队了。从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句中应使用过去完成时，选D。‎ ‎16．If he a Doctor’s degree，he would not have been accepted by this wellknown company last year.‎ A．couldn’t get B．wouldn’t get C．didn’t get D．hadn’t got 答案　D 解析　句意为：如果他没有得到博士学位，去年他就不会被这家著名的公司接受。表示对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。故选D。‎ ‎17．You how angry the boss was had you been here with us.‎ ‎(2018•常州田家炳高级中学高二期末)‎ A．would see B．had seen C．would have seen D．saw 答案　C 解析　句意为：如果你和我们一起在这里，你就会明白老板是多么生气。本句表示过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句使用“情态动词＋have done”，条件状语从句中使用过去完成时；如果省略if，要把had提前构成部分倒装。故C项正确。‎ ‎18．I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being blind and deaf for a few days at some time in his life.(2018•兴化一中四模)‎ A．has been stricken B．were stricken C．had been D．would be 答案　B 解析　句意为：我经常想，如果每个人在他生命中的某个时候都患失明和失聪几天，那将是一件幸事。分析句子可知，此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，句子用一般过去时态；再根据each human being和strike之间是被动关系，所以if从句中用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选B。‎ ‎19．Pele had bags of natural talent，but he without the determination to deal with all the problems life threw in his path.(2019•南京、盐城一模)‎ A．would never succeed B．never succeeded C．would never have succeeded D．have never succeeded 答案　C 解析　句意为：贝利很有天赋，但是如果没有处理生活中遇到的所有问题的决心，他是永远不会成功的。从句中的had看，此句讲的是过去的情况。本句是由without引导的含蓄虚拟语气，且空格所在的地方是主句，用would/could/should/might＋have done，故选C。‎ ‎20．If I for my English test，I wouldn’t have got such a low grade.‎ ‎(2018•北京平谷区第五中学高二期中)‎ A．had prepared B．prepared C．were to prepare D．have prepared 答案　A 解析　句意为：如果我为英语测试做了准备，那么我就不会得这么低的分数了。根据“I wouldn’t have got such a low grade”可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故if条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时态。故选A。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅳ.完形填空 ‎(2018•清江中学高二检测)‎ My first fulltime job after high school was selling vacation packages via telephone for a wellknown company.One day，the dialer 21 me to a man who answered the phone and 22 a bit out of breath.I started with my normal pitch(推销)，and 23 to hear the normal，“I don’t want any，” and be hung up on.‎ Instead he spoke in a low，weak voice and told me how he wished he could take a 24 like the one I was offering，but couldn’t 25 he was dying of emphysema(肺气肿)．He 26 how he was on oxygen，and it took almost all his 27 just to get to the phone to answer the call.I 28 ，and my heart fell into my stomach.He asked me if I smoked，which I did，and then begged me to stop.He told me smoking was 29 was killing him，and how horrible it was.He told me to 30 every day with my loved ones，and tell them all the time how much I love them.At this 31 ，I was in tears，and couldn’t control myself.‎ After a few moments，I decided to write down his name and 32 ，and just send him a card telling him that I 33 his advice and that I would pray for him and his family.Shortly after，I received a nice letter back from Frank，along with a picture of him and his wife.We continued to write back and forth over the next few months or so，and became very 34 of each other.He was old enough to be my grandfather，and in many ways，I felt 35 he were.‎ It was about a year later I received a letter from his wife，and when I started to read it，my eyes were filled with tears.She told me how Frank’s 36 with the disease had finally come to an end，and he 37 shortly before Christmas.She wanted to thank me for the letters I had written to Frank，and then explained how Frank touched many lives over the years.At his 38 ，to show just that，they read the 1st letter I had written to Frank to show how he 39 a 19yearold person he had 40 even met.‎ I will never forget how much that meant to me.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在电话推销时认识了患病的弗兰克，并和他成为好友，虽然弗兰克最终离世，但他却对作者的人生产生了极大的影响。‎ ‎21．A.took B．connected C．accompanied D．led 答案　B 解析　一天，拨号器把我和一个接我电话的男人连在一起，听起来他有点上气不接下气。connect...to...把……和……连接。故选B。‎ ‎22．A.felt B．looked C．sounded D．proved 答案　C 解析　参考上题解析。故选C。‎ ‎23．A.expecting B．wondering C．considering D．worrying 答案　A 解析　我开始我的正常推销，预料到会听见和平常一样的声音“我不想要”，然后电话被挂。expect认为，预料。故选A。‎ ‎24．A.break B．rest C．change D．vacation 答案　D 解析　他用低而微弱的声音告诉我，他多么希望有一个像我所提供给他的那样的假期，但是不能，因为他得肺气肿快要死了。根据上文作者推销“vacation packages”旅游套餐，可知选D。‎ ‎25．A.because B．though C．while D．before 答案　A 解析　参考上题解析。故选A。‎ ‎26．A.described B．exposed C．explained D．expressed 答案　C 解析　他解释道他是如何输氧的。故选C。‎ ‎27．A.power B．energy C．strength D．force 答案　C 解析　power能力；energy精力；strength力气；force武力。接打电话几乎花费了他所有的力气。故选C。‎ ‎28．A.apologized B．excused C．pardoned D．forgave 答案　A 解析　根据上文可知，弗兰克花了很大力气才接到电话，作者听了以后应该是感到内疚。故此处意为：我道了歉，并且我的心(终于)放下来了。故选A。‎ ‎29．A.that B．what C．which D．how 答案　B 解析　句意为：他告诉我是吸烟害了他。what引导表语从句并在从句中作主语。故选B。‎ ‎30．A.take B．cost C．pay D．spend 答案　D 解析　take花费；cost使付出；pay支付；spend度过，消磨。他告诉我要每天和我爱的人在一起度过。故选D。‎ ‎31．A.point B．case C．way D．situation 答案　A 解析　此时，我流泪了，我无法控制我自己。at this point这时候，此时此刻。故选A。‎ ‎32．A.number B．hobby C．address D．wish 答案　C 解析　过了片刻，我决定记下他的名字和地址，给他邮递一张卡片，告诉他我感激他的建议，我会为他和他的家人祈祷。故选C。‎ ‎33．A.agreed B．appreciated C．followed D．approved 答案　B 解析　参考上题解析。appreciate鉴赏，感激。故选B。‎ ‎34．A.interested B．content C．fond D．curious 答案　C 解析　接下来的几个月，我们互相写信，变得互相喜欢对方。be fond of喜爱。故选C。‎ ‎35．A.if only B．even if C．only if D．as if 答案　D 解析　if only要是……就好了；even if即使；only if只要；as if好像。他的年龄足以当我的爷爷，在很多方面，我感觉好像他就是。故选D。‎ ‎36．A.battle B．strike C．defense D．working 答案　A 解析　battle斗争；strike罢工；defense防卫；working工作。她告诉我，弗兰克与疾病的斗争终于结束了。故选A。‎ ‎37．A.gave away B．turned away C．took away D．passed away 答案　D 解析　give away放弃，泄露；turn away避开；take away带走；pass away去世。他在圣诞节前不久去世了。故选D。‎ ‎38．A.birthday B．funeral C．ceremony D．performance 答案　B 解析　在葬礼上，他们读了我写给弗兰克的第一封信，以此展示他是怎样影响了一个他甚至从未见过面的19岁的人。故选B。‎ ‎39．A.changed B．improved C．affected D．promoted 答案　C 解析　参考上题解析。故选C。‎ ‎40．A.always B．seldom C．ever D．never 答案　D 解析　通读全文可知，作者和弗兰克一直以书信交流，但未曾见面。故选D。‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 One in four children younger than age five who were infected with Salmonella(沙门氏菌) got the disease from a reptile(爬行类动物) pet in a recent UK study.‎ The children with reptileassociated infections were obviously younger than other kids with Salmonella infections，more likely to be hospitalized and more likely to have invasive(扩散性的) infections that affected the blood or brain.‎ ‎“In a household with both young babies and reptiles as pets，there is good reason to exercise reasonable caution，” Dr Daniel Murphy of Royal Cornwall Hospital in England told Reuters Health by email.‎ Salmonella is a type of bacterium most often linked with food poisoning，and generally causes symptoms such as nausea(反胃，恶心) and vomiting.However，noted Murphy，who led the new study，more serious cases can cause blood poisoning，meningitis(脑膜炎) and bone infection.‎ According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,1.2 million Americans are infected with Salmonella every year.People with compromised(缺乏抵抗力的) immune systems，as well as young children and babies are the most susceptible to infection，according to Dr Christoph Berger of the University Children’s Hospital Zurich in Switzerland，who was not involved in the study.‎ Murphy and another researcher used data on Salmonella infections in children under five years old in the South West area of the UK from 2010 to 2013.They examined the records to determine whether the infected child had been exposed to reptiles like lizards or snakes and whether he or she had been hospitalized for the infection.‎ Of the 175 cases examined,48 children had been exposed to reptiles.Among those with reptile exposure，about half were hospitalized—compared to less than one fifth of the children without reptile exposure.The median age of kids with Salmonella cases linked to reptiles was six months old，compared to about one year among kids not exposed to reptiles.‎ Murphy recommends that parents of young children with indoor reptile pets should consider restricting the reptile’s access to the same spaces the child uses.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要报道了关于“五岁以下儿童接触爬行类动物易感染沙门氏菌”这一研究的情况。‎ ‎41．Compared with older kids，younger ones with reptileassociated infections more likely .‎ A．dislike keeping pets at home B．get uninterested with Salmonella C．need medical treatment in hospital D．prevent infections that affect the blood or brain 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，遭受与爬行类动物有关的感染的孩子要比其他感染沙门氏菌的孩子年龄更小，更可能需要住院治疗，更可能遭受影响血液与大脑的扩散性感染。故选C。‎ ‎42．Paragraph 4 is mainly about .‎ A．the shape of Salmonella B．the types of bacterium C．the harm of Salmonella D．the cause of food poisoning ‎ 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要解释了沙门氏菌引起的危害：恶心、呕吐，严重时还会引起败血症、脑膜炎和骨感染。故选C。‎ ‎43．It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that .‎ A．only lizards and snakes belong to reptiles B．the result of the research is likely to be reliable C．Salmonella infections only occur in the UK D．Murphy and another researcher didn’t work hard 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，Murphy和同伴使用了2010年到2013年间英国西南地区五岁以下儿童感染沙门氏菌的数据记录，并通过仔细检查才得出了研究结果，因此可以说：这个研究结果可靠性还是很大的。故选B。‎ ‎44．Of the 175 cases examined，how many kids with reptile exposure were hospitalized?‎ A．All of them. B．Fortyeight.‎ C．About thirtyseven. D．About twentyfour.‎ 答案　D 解析　数字计算题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，接触爬行类动物的48个孩子中大约一半住院治疗了，所以其人数约为24个。故选D。‎ Period Six　Writing—Writing a letter of apology ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 道歉信通常是由于未完成任务或因个人失误对他人造成不良影响等原因写信致歉并且希望得到对方谅解的一种应用文体。‎ 道歉信主要是向收信人表达歉意，请求对方谅解自己的过失。写道歉信时要明确不是找借口为自己辩护，而是承认自己的过错并提出弥补过错的具体方法。‎ ‎1．道歉信的结构 ‎(1)首段：简要叙述自己做错的事情，表示歉意。‎ ‎(2)正文段：说明道歉的具体原因，应尽量详述做错事的经过。写信时应该注意在申述时要照顾读信人的感受。‎ ‎(3)结尾段：再次表明承认错误的态度，请求收信人的谅解，也可以提出补救的方法。‎ ‎2．道歉信的语言特点 在说明情况与理由时，要实事求是，语言要简明扼要，态度要诚恳。另外用词要委婉，语气要温和得体。要说清楚为何你觉得要道歉以及日后你希望怎样补救。不要忘了两点：检讨自己和感谢对方。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．I would like to give you my apology for...‎ ‎2．Please accept my sincere apology for...‎ ‎3．Once again，I’m sorry for any inconvenience I caused.‎ ‎4．I sincerely hope you will be able to think in my situation and accept my apologies.‎ ‎5．Please allow me to say sorry again.‎ ‎6．Please accept my apologies for my oversight.‎ ‎7．I feel really sorry about it and want you to know what happened.‎ ‎8．Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.‎ ‎ ‎ 假设你是Mary，你和你的好朋友Hans因为组织班级活动时意见不一致而发生争吵，当时你的态度很不好，结果对他造成了不好的影响。现在你后悔了，想向他道歉，可是他一直不理你。请写一封词数150左右的英文信，向他表达你的歉意，并请求他原谅你。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．时态：本文以一般现在时为主，根据需要也可用现在完成时或一般过去时。‎ ‎2．人称：以第一人称和第二人称为主。‎ ‎3．目的：真诚道歉，请求原谅。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 必备词汇 ‎ ‎1．在过去的几天里in the past few days ‎2．进行深刻的思考do a lot of hard thinking ‎3．来自我的心底come from the bottom of my heart ‎4．接受某人的道歉accept one’s apologies ‎5．对……粗鲁be rude to...‎ ‎6．是某人的错be one’s fault ‎ 句式升级 ‎ ‎1．我要说的一切都发自内心。我想让你知道这一点。‎ ‎ Everything that I am about to say comes from the bottom of my heart.I want you to know it.(简单句)‎ ‎ I want you to know that everything that I am about to say comes from the bottom of my heart.(宾语从句)‎ ‎2．我们的友谊如此珍贵，所以我们不能因为一次愚蠢的争吵而失去它。‎ ‎ Our friendship is very valuable，so we can’t lose it over a silly argument.(so连接的并列句)‎ ‎ Our friendship is so valuable that we can’t lose it over a silly argument.(so...that...)‎ ‎3．我想说清楚的是，我很抱歉，这是我专门给你写的信。‎ ‎ I am very sorry and this is a special letter from me to you，which I want to make clear.(which引导定语从句)‎ ‎ I want to make it clear that I am very sorry and this is a special letter from me to you.(it作形式宾语)‎ ‎ ‎ Dear Hans，‎ In the past few days I have done a lot of hard thinking about what happened last week.‎ I want you to know that everything that I am about to say comes from the bottom of my heart.I know that it will be very difficult for you to accept my apologies，but I want you to think about our friendship as well.The main reason why I decide to write you this letter is that our friendship is so valuable that we can’t lose it over a silly argument.I know I should not have been so rude to you.I admit that it was my fault.‎ I want to make it clear that I am very sorry and this is a special letter from me to you，and I hope you can forgive me.‎ I am looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours truly，‎ Mary 单元知识滚动练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．His eighth book came out earlier this year and was an instant(立刻的) bestseller.‎ ‎2．Let me congratulate(祝贺) you on the success you have achieved in your work.‎ ‎3．Smoking is strictly prohibited(禁止) in the process of handling explosive materials.‎ ‎4．The couple gave a dinner party in celebration(庆祝) of their friends’ safe arrival.‎ ‎5．The government hasn’t taken enough effective steps to shorten the hours when the students stay at school to ensure(确保) enough sleep for them.‎ ‎6．I really didn’t mean any offence(冒犯)；I was just stating my opinion.‎ ‎7．People there were so friendly，and they gave him a warm reception(接待)．‎ ‎8．Japanese people are accustomed(习惯于) to earthquakes.‎ ‎9．Considering the injuries he’s had，there can be little expectation(期待) of him winning the race.‎ ‎10．You have calm，controlled and relaxed gestures(姿势)，and then you will be seen as someone that is confident.‎ ‎11．The disease spread throughout(遍及) the whole country，getting most people into a panic.‎ ‎12．If you have just opened a bank account(账户)，can you get a loan from the bank?‎ ‎13．The Spring Festival celebration is a spiritual feast(宴会) for the Chinese.‎ ‎14．The national minorities(少数民族)，though small in numbers，are scattered over vast areas.‎ ‎15．If you had obeyed(遵守) orders，this disaster wouldn’t have happened.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 after all，be familiar with，be supposed to，be similar to，be accustomed to，set off，adapt to，drive away ‎16．There is no need to be hard on him.After all，he is just an 8yearold boy.‎ ‎17．At first I didn’t like English food，but having lived in England for one year，I’ve been accustomed to it.‎ ‎18．Every year we set off fireworks in our back garden during the Spring Festival.‎ ‎19．He finds it difficult to adapt to the new culture as he has been used to his own culture.‎ ‎20．Finally，I drove away those people who were deliberately(故意地) making troubles.‎ ‎21．I’m firmly convinced that most of us are familiar with the proverb：Rome was not built in a day.‎ ‎22．The children secretly went to the movies when they were supposed to be at the library.‎ ‎23．The style of this building is similar to the architecture in the Middle Ages.‎ hunt for，refer to，have power over，show around，belong to，apart from，believe in ‎24．Rescue teams are already on the scene，with 60 people hunting for the missing miners.‎ ‎25．How are you getting along with the girl you referred to in your last letter?‎ ‎26．The aim is to make people have power over their own lives.‎ ‎27．We were shown around the school by one of the students yesterday.‎ ‎28．Success belongs to those who have aims and persist in their dreams.‎ ‎29．I admired Miss Green very much.Apart from her prettiness，she was smart，kind and helpful.‎ ‎30．If you believe in someone，you will have confidence in them.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎31．The children came to a deserted castle and began with their mysterious(mystery) expedition.‎ ‎32．They have decided to make a few adjustments(adjust) to their travelling plan.‎ ‎33．Even though he is a little boy，he has a gift for playing musical(music) instruments.‎ ‎34．Her hands trembled slightly(slight) as she reached for the instrument.‎ ‎35．Don’t be upset by what he said；he meant no offence(offend)．‎ ‎36．Although tobacco ads are prohibited(prohibition)，companies get around the ban by sponsoring music shows.‎ ‎37．I’d tell him to ask for my permission(permit) before borrowing something next time.‎ ‎38．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)‎ ‎39．He expected that everyone would burst out laughing when he finished his joke，but beyond his expectation，nobody laughed.(expect)‎ ‎40．It was brave of her to go into the burning building to save the boy，so we all respect her for her bravery.(brave)‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎41．It is useless arguing with them.‎ 和他们争论是没用的。‎ ‎42．With so many children talking and laughing，I couldn’t settle down to my work.‎ 这么多孩子又说又笑，我不能沉下心工作。‎ ‎43．The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test is that he had little training.‎ 他没通过驾考的原因是他没怎么训练。‎ ‎44．I have great trouble (in) learning Maths and I am so worried.‎ 我在学习数学上遇到很大困难，而且我很担心。‎ ‎45．It is believed that/People believe that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our horizons.人们相信阅读会增加我们的知识和拓宽我们的眼界。‎ Ⅴ.单元语法——用if引导的虚拟语气完成句子 ‎46．She could have gotten better grades if she had studied harder.‎ 如果她再刻苦一点，她会取得更好的成绩。‎ ‎47．If the weather were to be/should be/were fine tomorrow，they would go for a swim.‎ 如果明天天气好，他们就去游泳。‎ ‎48．If the sun were to rise in the west，I would change my mind.‎ 如果太阳从西边出来，我就会改变主意。‎ ‎49．If you should succeed，everything would be all right.‎ 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。‎ ‎50．Had I had time(If I had had time)，I would have gone and helped him.‎ 如果我有时间，我就会帮助他了。‎ 单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)‎ Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)‎ ‎1．写出关于congratulate的短语 ‎(1)(因……)祝贺某人congratulate sb.(on sth./on doing sth.) ‎ ‎(2)(因……)感到高兴/自豪congratulate oneself (on sth./on doing sth.)‎ ‎2．写出关于permit和permission的短语 ‎(1)允许某人做某事 permit sb.to do sth. ‎ ‎(2)允许做某事permit doing sth.‎ ‎(3)在某人的许可下/未经某人的许可with/without one’s permission ‎(4)请求/获得某人的允许ask for/get one’s permission ‎3．写出关于prohibit 的短语 禁止(某人)做某事prohibit (one’s) doing sth./prohibit sb.(from) doing sth.‎ ‎4．写出关于adjust 和adjustment 的短语 ‎(1)使自己适应(做……)adjust oneself to (doing) ．.. ‎ ‎(2)根据……调整……adjust ...to ... ‎ ‎(3)适应(做)某事adjust to (doing) sth. ‎ ‎(4)对……作出调整make an adjustment/adjustments to ‎ ‎5．写出关于accustomed 的短语 ‎(1)习惯于(状态)be accustomed to ‎(2)习惯于(动作)become/get accustomed to ‎6．写出关于familiar的短语 ‎(1)熟悉……be familiar with ‎(2)为……所熟悉be familiar to ‎7．写出关于expectation的短语 ‎(1)不负所望meet/live up to (one’s) expectations ‎(2)超出某人的预期，出乎意料地beyond (one’s) expectations ‎(3)期待，指望in (the) expectation of ‎8．写出关于let的短语 ‎(1)更不用说let alone ‎(2)使失望；放下let sb.down ‎ ‎(3)发出；放大；泄露(秘密)let out ‎9．写出关于show的短语 ‎(1)带某人参观、游览show sb.around/round ‎(2)领某人进入show sb.in ‎(3)送某人出去show sb.out ‎(4)炫耀，卖弄show off ‎ ‎(5)显露；露面；出现show up ‎(6)在展览中；陈列着 on show ‎10．写出关于account 的短语 ‎(1)把……考虑进去 take ...into account ‎ ‎(2)因为/由于……on account of ‎ ‎(3)解释；是……的原因；占……比例account forⅡ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎11．You can turn to me whenever you have trouble in understanding Tang poems.‎ 无论何时你理解唐诗有困难，你都可以向我寻求帮助。‎ ‎12．The reason why I can’t go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.‎ 星期五下午我不能跟你一块去书店的原因是那天下午我有个重要的会议要参加。‎ ‎13．Many people dislike it when they are urged to cast online votes for competitions that they even don’t care.‎ 很多人不喜欢别人催促他们给那些他们甚至不在意的比赛进行网上投票。‎ ‎14．It was useless telling him about it at that time.‎ 那时候告诉他这件事是没用的。‎ ‎15. It’s time for us to take measures to protect the environment.‎ 该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。‎ Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ I once went to a minority’s wedding.A wedding is the ceremony or 16.celebration(celebrate) of a marriage.They had a live rooster as 17.a part of the wedding ceremony.According to their religion，roosters are supposed 18.to drive(drive) bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony.The bridegroom 19.greeted(greet) the bride with a loving hug.Everyone congratulated the new couple with a strange gesture.There was also a dance and a feast in the wedding.People wore masks 20.carved(carve) from wood and danced in honor of their ancestors，21.who killed deer for food with bows and arrows.At wedding receptions alcohol is not 22.permitted(permit)．In fact，alcohol is altogether prohibited.Such an 23.offence(offend) will lead to a fine.‎ I was not familiar 24.with their customs，so I tried to adjust to doing that.Many foreigners have trouble 25.getting(get) accustomed to them，too.‎ 核心素养拓展练 素养解读　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“文化意识”这一学科素养展开，有助于学生对不同文化的理解，增强学生在全球化背景下对不同文化的认知。‎ 主题：“干杯”在不同国家和地区的不同说法　　学科素养：文化意识 A fun way to learn about people in the destinations you travel to around the globe is to drop into a friendly local bar off the beaten tourist track and enjoy a sip of something the region is famous for.To help you have fun，we’ve rounded up how to say “Cheers！” around the world.‎ Who doesn’t dream of living the good life in France? The food alone is well worth the trip since the French basically invented fine cuisine.They also invented a little golden liquid called the Champagne! Just before your first sip，look at your friends in the eyes and simply say their “cheers”：à votre santé！‎ Is it just us，or is the Italian treat called prosecco sweeping the nation by storm? It’s lovely anytime：brunch，to celebrate something，or just to slowly sip while catching up with a dear friend.It originated in Italy’s Veneto region but is now available all over the world.When in Italy，the most common toast is “cin cin”，which has its origins in China.However，do not use this as a toast in Japan.It is what could get you kicked out of a bar or possibly the entire country.If you find yourself in the land of Japan，stick with “kampai”，which means “cheers！”‎ If you haven’t been to Ireland—what are you waiting for? It’s the friendliest place，and one of the funniest on the planet，and the pubs are full of stories，where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinness.The Irish language can be a bit tricky for visitors to grasp but，again，practice makes perfect.Simply say，“Slàinte mhath.”‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。在不同国家和地区，如何表达“干杯”体现了当地的文化和风情。本文分别介绍了在法国、意大利、日本和爱尔兰如何表达“干杯”。‎ ‎1．What is the French way of saying “Cheers”？‎ A．À votre santé. B．Cin cin.‎ C．Kampai. D．Slàinte mhath.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段末句“Just before your first sip，look at your friends in the eyes and simply say their ‘cheers’：à votre santé”可知，在法国，干杯时说“á votre santé”，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．The Italian wine.‎ B．A toast from China.‎ C．A Japanese custom.‎ D．A French expression.‎ 答案　B 解析　代词指代题。根据第三段第四、五句“When in Italy，the most common toast is ‘cin cin’，which has its origins in China.However，do not use this as a toast in Japan.”可知，意大利常见的祝酒词是“cin cin”，起源于中国；然而在日本，不要把这个当作祝酒词。结合该句“It is what could get you kicked out of a bar or possibly the entire country.”可知，这种起源于中国的祝酒词可能让你被赶出酒吧；据此可知，It指代源于中国的祝酒词，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What can we learn about Ireland from the text?‎ A．It is famous for food.‎ B．Its language is simple.‎ C．It makes perfect wine.‎ D．It is well worth visiting.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据末段第二句“It’s the friendliest place，and one of the funniest on the planet，and the pubs are full of stories，where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinness.”可知，爱尔兰是最友好的地方，也是世界上最有趣的地方之一，酒吧里充满了故事，在那里当地人和游客聚在一起举杯畅饮。据此可以判断，爱尔兰值得一游，故D项正确。‎ ‎4．What’s the main purpose of the text?‎ A．To introduce the worldfamous wine.‎ B．To show how to make friends in bars.‎ C．To give suggestions on drinking regionally.‎ D．To recommend some famous travel destinations.‎ 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文第一段末句“To help you have fun，we’ve rounded up how to say ‘Cheers！’ around the world.”为文章的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了在不同国家和地区说“干杯”的方式；据此可以判断，本文旨在介绍在不同国家和地区如何说“干杯”，故C项正确。‎ Notes Ⅰ.熟词生义 ‎1．drop into 常用义：掉进 例句：The plane was seen to drop into the river and explode.有人看见那架飞机掉进河里爆炸了。‎ 本句义：顺便造访 例句：I often drop into the store for some daily necessities.我常光顾那家小店买些日用品。‎ ‎2．toast 常用义：n.吐司，烤面包 例句：I’ll probably have fried eggs and toast for breakfast.我早饭可能吃煎鸡蛋和烤面包。‎ 本句义：n.祝酒 例句：I’d like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.我提议为新郎新娘干杯。‎ Ⅱ.长难句分析 It’s the friendliest place，and one of the funniest on the planet，and the pubs are full of stories，where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinness.‎ 分析　该句为主从复合句。句中“where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinness”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“the pubs”，where在从句中作地点状语。‎ 翻译　这是最友好的地方，也是世界上最有趣的地方之一，酒吧里充满了故事，在那里当地人和游客聚在一起举杯畅饮。‎