2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案（15页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案（15页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit 1Great scientists单元学案 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.　　　　vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加 ‎ ‎2.　　　　vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光 ‎ ‎3.　　　　vt.打败;战胜;使受挫 ‎ n.失败 ‎4.　　　　vt.责备;谴责 ‎ n.过失;责备 ‎5.　　　　 n.治愈;痊愈 ‎ vt.治愈;治疗 ‎6.　　　　vt.& n.连接;联系 ‎ ‎7.　　　　 n.柄;把手 ‎ vt.处理;操纵 ‎8.　　　　 n.专家;行家 ‎ adj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的 ‎9.　　　　n.挑战 ‎ vt.向……挑战 ‎10.　　　　vt.污染;弄脏 ‎ ‎11.　　　　vt.宣布;通告 ‎ ‎12.　　　　vt.& vi.捐献;贡献;捐助 ‎ 阅读词汇 ‎1.analyse vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎2.foresee vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.certainty n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎4.movement n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎5.neighbourhood n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎6.characteristic n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎7.firework n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎8.positive adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎9.scientific adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎10.backward adv. &adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎11.enthusiastic adj. 　　　　　 ‎ ‎12.cautious adj. 　　　　　 ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　　vt. 污染;弄脏→　　　　n. 污染→　　　　adj. 被污染的 ‎ ‎2.　　　　vt.& vi. 结束;推断出→　　　　n. 结论;结束 ‎ ‎3.　　　　vt.吸收;吸引;使专心→　　　　adj.十分吸引人的 ‎ ‎4.　　　　vt. 宣布;通告→　　　　n. 宣布;通告 ‎ ‎5.　　　　vt.命令;指示;教导→　　　　n.命令;指示 ‎ ‎6.　　　　vt.& vi.捐献;贡献;捐助→　　　　 n. 贡献;捐款 ‎ ‎7.　　　　adj. 有责任的;负责的→　　　　n. 责任 ‎ ‎8.　　　　vt. 拒绝;不接受;抛弃→　　　　n. 拒绝 ‎ ‎9.　　　　adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的→　　　　adv. 严格地;严重地;严厉地 ‎ ‎10.　　　　n.挑战vt.向……挑战→　　　　adj.挑战性的 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎1.　　　　　　提出 ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　得出结论 ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　使显露;暴露 ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎ ‎5.　　　　　　 make sense ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　 apart from ‎ ‎7.　　　　　　be strict with... ‎ ‎8.　　　　　　be to blame for  ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.Neither its cause 　　　　　　(它的治疗也不)was understood. ‎ ‎2.So many thousands of terrified people died 　　　　　　(每次)there was an outbreak. ‎ ‎3.In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak 　　　　　　(如此严重以至于)more than 500 people died in ten days.  ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　 (只有)you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. ‎ ‎5.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system　　　　　　　　　　　　(行星绕着它转)and only the moon still going round the earth. ‎ 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)‎ ‎1.With the help of the coach, we have 　　　(打败)them in the football match.  ‎ ‎2.In　　　(结论), I like being praised, but I know sometimes it’s not always good. ‎ ‎3.If　　　(暴露)to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf. ‎ ‎4.When　　　 (连接) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to. ‎ ‎5.It was　　　 (宣布) that our team took first place. ‎ ‎6.With the development of science and technology, the surrounding villages have been 　　　 (吸收) by the growing city. ‎ ‎7.From what they had said, we 　　　　　　　　　(得出结论)that we should pay more attention to the natural environment. ‎ ‎8.In the meeting, we　　　　　　(提出)some advice on how to improve our work. ‎ ‎9.The managing director　　　　　　　　　(受责备) for the accident, although it was not really his fault. ‎ ‎10.　　　　　　(除了)their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. ‎ ‎11.If you are a teacher, you should 　　　　　　　　　(对……要求严格)every student. ‎ ‎12.Look, your computer has broken down again!It doesn’t 　　　　　　(有意义)to buy the cheapest brand of computers just to save a few dollars. ‎ ‎13.The video cameras 　　　　　　　　　 (被和……连接起来) a powerful computer now. ‎ ‎14.Embarrassing details of their private life 　　　　　　　　　(被暴露给……)the public last week. ‎ ‎(二)单句填空 ‎1.The river is 　　　 and noise is another kind of serious 　　　 here. (pollute) ‎ ‎2.The 　　　(announce) of their marriage will appear in the local newspaper next week.  ‎ ‎3.The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund. All the 　　　(contribute) will be gratefully received. ‎ ‎4.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge. Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very 　　　(challenge). ‎ ‎5.You must read the 　　　 (instruct) before taking the medicine. ‎ ‎6.In spite of the large-scale 　　　(construct) of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement. ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.这个周末,汤姆和他的父母都不打算去看电影。(neither...nor...)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 are going to see the film this weekend. ‎ ‎2.每次我去拜访他,他总是在忙着做家庭作业。(every time)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　, he is always busy with his homework. ‎ ‎3.我们做得非常好,以至于被邀请与我们学校所有的学生分享我们的想法和经历。(so...that...)‎ We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. ‎ ‎4.随着英语单词在媒体和日常生活中的普及,一本汉语词典已收录了239个英文单词。(with复合结构)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them. ‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.attend　2.expose　3.defeat　4.blame　5.cure　6.link ‎7.handle　8.expert　9.challenge　10.pollute ‎11.announce　12.contribute 阅读词汇 ‎1.分析　2.预见;预知　3.确信;确实　4.移动;运动;动作　5.附近;邻近　6.特征;特性　7.烟火(燃放)　8.积极的;肯定的;确实的　9.科学的　10.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的)　11.热情的;热心的　12.小心的;谨慎的 拓展词汇 ‎1.pollute;pollution;polluted　2.conclude;conclusion ‎ ‎3.absorb;absorbing　4.announce;announcement　5.instruct;instruction ‎6.contribute;contribution　7.responsible;responsibility　8.reject;rejection ‎9.severe;severely　10.challenge;challenging ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎1.put forward　 2.draw a conclusion　3.expose...to...‎ ‎4.link...to...　5.讲得通;有意义　6.除……之外;此外　7.对……严格 ‎8.该为……受责备;应为……承担责任 三、经典句型 ‎1.nor its cure　2.every time　3.was so severe that ‎4.Only if　5.with the planets going round it 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写 ‎1.defeated　2.conclusion　3.exposed　4.linked 5.announced　6.absorbed　7.drew an conclusion　8.put forward　9.was to blame　10.Apart from　11.be strict with　12.make sense ‎13.are linked to　14.were exposed to ‎(二)单句填空 ‎ ‎1.polluted;pollution　2.announcement　3.contributions　4.challenging ‎5.instructions　6.construction 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.Neither Tom nor his parents　2.Every time I call on him ‎3.did so well that we were invited　4.With English words getting popular 单元综合知识运用测试 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Our new house in Venice is by the side of the little San Cassian canal and a small square of the same name. We have a door which leads onto the street and two entrances from the water. One runs under a rounded arch (拱门) into the ground floor of the house, which, as is customary in the city, is used instead of a cellar (地下室) for storing things. The second is used for our business activities and it is located in another building which has three floors.‎ The house is almost 200 years old. It has beautiful arched windows and greenpainted shutters (百叶窗) to keep out the cruel summer heat. When I lie in ‎ bed at night, I can hear the songs of the passing gondoliers (威尼斯小划船船夫) and the conversations in the square nearby. I understand why Uncle Leo runs his business here. The prices are not too high. The location of the house is near the city centre and easy to find. Besides, the printing trade has many roots in this area of Venice, even if some of the old publishers from the area are no longer there.‎ Venice is like a large copy of our old library at home in Spain, full of dark corners and unexpected surprises, some very close to me. Last night, while searching in the corners of the house, I found a single copy of Aristotle's Poetics, published in the city in 1502. I raced to Uncle Leo with my discovery and a smile almost appeared on his face. “A find, boy! This'll fetch good money when I sell it down in the market.”　‎ ‎“May I read a little first, sir？” I asked, feeling worried. Leo has a frightening manner at times.‎ ‎“Books are for selling, not reading，” he replied immediately. But at least I had it for the night, since the dealers were by that time closed.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在威尼斯的新家。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A．A cellar.　　　　　　　 B．An arch.‎ C．A floor. D．An entrance.‎ 解析：选D　代词指代题。此处的it和该句句首的“The second”指代同一物；根据第一段中的“two entrances from the water. One runs ... The second is ...”可以看出，此处it指代“入口”。‎ ‎2．What do we know about the author's house in Venice?‎ A．It has a long history.‎ B．It's in a very bad location.‎ C．It has an underground storeroom.‎ D．It can be very hot in the summer.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The house is almost 200 years old.”可知，作者在威尼斯的房子有着悠久的历史。‎ ‎3．What does the author say about his uncle's printing business?‎ A．It's the only printing business left in the area.‎ B．It lies in a historic publishing area.‎ C．It's less expensive than others.‎ D．It has attracted many tourists.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the printing trade has many roots in this area of Venice”可知，作者叔叔的印刷公司位于这个行业起步发展的地方。‎ ‎4．What does the discovery of the book show about Uncle Leo?‎ A．He has problems with money.‎ B．He has a good sense of humour.‎ C．His main interest is making money.‎ D．His manner of dealing with people is frightening.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据作者的叔叔在第三段说的“This'll fetch good money when I sell it down in the market.”可知，他的主要兴趣是挣钱。‎ B It all started a few years ago in the quiet village of Mollington after a number of burglaries (盗窃). Those living in the village came up with the idea that they themselves could keep an eye on their neighbours' property (财产) while they were away on holiday. Since then, with the help of the government and police, more than 50,000 “Neighbourhood Watch” schemes (项目) have been set up in the UK.‎ The object of each “Watch” group is to prevent things like this from happening again in any street or area. Each villager who is a member of the scheme agrees to do their best to stop anyone stealing something in the village. Everything is done calmly and carefully — it is the police who check out each report and find out what is happening. Villagers who are part of the group are not supposed to act as police or put themselves in any danger.‎ When a new “Neighbourhood Watch” scheme is set up in an area, the first thing people notice is the large, brightly coloured “Neighbourhood Watch” board. This is a real warning to most burglars, because very few of them will take a chance of breaking into someone's house if they know that there is a high risk of being seen by neighbours keeping a lookout. Burglars also know that people who are part of ‎ the “Neighbourhood Watch” schemes are more likely to have fitted good locks to their doors and windows.‎ Since the “Neighbourhood Watch” scheme was set up, there are fewer burglaries and there is a new community spirit. It is bringing people together as never before, and encouraging people to care for each other. New friendships are also being made.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的“邻里守望”项目。‎ ‎5．The “Neighbourhood Watch” scheme in Mollington was started ________.‎ A．as the first of its kind in the UK B．after 50,000 burglaries in the area C．because the police were short of hands D．because it was a popular holiday centre 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Since then, ..., more than 50,000 ‘Neighbourhood Watch’ schemes (项目) have been set up in the UK.”可知，米林顿郡的“邻里守望”项目在英国是最先开始的，故选A。‎ ‎6．The job for members of a “Watch” group is to ________.‎ A．do their best to catch burglars B．ask strangers to leave at once C．help those who are in trouble ‎ D．report a burglary to the police 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“it is the police who check out each report ... put themselves in any danger”可知，该项目成员的主要工作就是将发现的情况及时上报，由警方来处理，故选D。‎ ‎7．What does the author think of the scheme?‎ A．He doubts it.‎ B．It is worrying.‎ C．It is successful.‎ D．He is uncertain about it.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“fewer burglaries and there is a new community spirit”和最后一句可知，作者认为该项目十分成功，故选C。‎ ‎8．What's the purpose of the text?‎ A．To advise. B．To discuss.‎ C．To educate. D．To introduce.‎ 解析：选D　写作意图题。总览全文可知，作者主要向我们介绍了英国的“邻里守望”项目，故选D项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 You need to dress warmly when you play in the snow. And to get around in deep snow, you might need snowshoes.‎ Animals need winter coats and snowshoes too.‎ A musk ox (麝牛) wears two coats in winter. __1__ It keeps the inner coat of soft fur warm and dry. The furry undercoat falls off each spring and the ox grows a new one every winter.‎ A snowshoe rabbit changes its coat to match the season. __2__ In winter it grows white fur to match the snow. It even has fur on the bottoms of its feet.‎ ‎__3__ A seal (海豹) has an extra layer under its fur coat too. This thick layer of fat lies under the seal's skin and is great at holding in heat, especially in the water.‎ The Arctic fox has fur on the bottoms of its feet and one of the warmest double coats of any animal. But on very cold and windy days, it adds something. __4__‎ A polar bear's big feet act like snowshoes.__5__ The bottom of each foot is protected by fur and the fur helps the bear walk on the snowy ground.‎ A．It can run very quickly.‎ B．Do you wear a sweater under your coat?‎ C．They can move quickly across the snow.‎ D．The outer coat reaches almost to the ground.‎ E．It uses its thick tail like a scarf to cover its nose and face.‎ F．In summer its brown fur helps it hide among dirt and rocks.‎ G．They spread out the bear's weight so it can walk easily on the snow.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物如何抵御寒冷以及在冰天雪地里行走。‎ ‎1．选D　根据空格后的“It keeps the inner coat of soft fur warm and dry.”可知，D项“外面的皮毛几乎垂到地面”符合语境。D项中的“outer coat”与空格下一句中的“inner coat”相呼应。‎ ‎2．选F　根据该空前的“changes its coat to match the season”和该空后的“In winter it grows white fur to match the snow.”可知，雪兔的皮毛为了和不同的季节保持协调而发生变化，因此F项介绍雪兔的皮毛在夏天时的情况符合语境。F项中的“In summer”和下一句中的“In winter”形成对比。‎ ‎3．选B　根据该空后的“an extra layer under its fur coat too”可知，B项“你在外套里面穿毛衣吗？”符合语境。B项中的“a sweater under your coat”与下一句中的“an extra layer under its fur coat”相呼应。‎ ‎4．选E　根据该空前的“it adds something”可知，北极狐的尾巴还可当作围巾使用，包裹鼻子和脸。故选E项。‎ ‎5．选G　根据该空前的“A polar bear's big feet act like snowshoes.”可知，G项“北极熊宽大的脚可以分摊自身的重量并且保证它们在雪上轻松行走”符合此处语境。故选G项。‎