【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit3Computers单元学案(21页word版)

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit3Computers单元学案(21页word版)

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit 3　Computers单元学案 一 单元基础词汇搜索 一、写其形 ‎1.universal adj.　普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 ‎2.simplify vt. 简化 ‎3.sum n. 总数；算术题；金额 ‎4.technology n. 工艺；科技；技术 ‎5.technological adj. 科技的 ‎6.revolution n. 革命 ‎7.artificial adj. 人造的；假的 ‎8.intelligence n. 智力；聪明；智能 ‎9.intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的 ‎10.solve vt. 解决；解答 ‎11.reality n. 真实；事实；现实 ‎12.personal adj. 私人的；个人的；亲自的 ‎13.personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自 ‎14.total adj. 总的；整个的 n. 总数；合计 ‎15.totally adv. 完全地；整个地 ‎16.application n. 应用；用途；申请 ‎17.finance n. 金融；财经 ‎18.mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的 ‎19.rocket n. 火箭 ‎20.explore vt.& vi. 探索；探测；探究 ‎21.anyhow adv. (也作anyway)无论如何；即使 ‎ 如此 ‎22.goal n. 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分 ‎23.happiness n. 幸福；快乐 ‎24.download vt. 下载 ‎25.signal vi.& vt. 发信号 ‎　　 n. 信号 ‎26.teammate n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎27.type n. 类型 ‎　 vt.& vi. 打字 ‎28.coach n. 教练 ‎29.arise vi. (arose，arisen)出现；发生 ‎30.electronic adj. 电子的 ‎31.appearance n. 外观；外貌；出现 ‎32.character n. 性格；特点 二、知其意 ‎1.laptop n. 手提电脑 ‎2.calculate vt. 计算 ‎3.operator n. (电脑)操作员；接线员 ‎4.logical adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的 ‎5.logically adv. 逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地 ‎6.designer n. 设计师 ‎7.tube n. 管；管子；电子管 ‎8.chip n. 碎片；芯片 ‎9.network n. 网络；网状物 ‎10.web n. 网 ‎11.programmer n. 程序员；程序师 ‎12.virus n. 病毒 ‎13.mop n. 拖把 ‎　 vt. 用拖把拖；擦 ‎14.naughty adj. 顽皮的；淘气的 ‎15.spoil vt. 损坏；宠坏 ‎1.from...on 从……时起 ‎2.as__a__result 结果 ‎3.so...that... 如此……以至于……‎ ‎4.human__race 人类 ‎5.in__a__way 在某种程度上 ‎6.with__the__help__of 在……的帮助下 ‎7.deal__with 处理；安排；对付 ‎8.watch__over 看守；监视 ‎1.As__time__went__by，I was made smaller.‎ 随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。‎ ‎2.And my memory became so__large__that even I couldn’t believe it!‎ 我的存储量变得如此之大，连我自己都不能相信！‎ ‎3.By the time I was sixteen，my__dream__had__come__true.‎ 在我满十六岁时，我的梦想实现了。‎ ‎4.She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while__watching__human__games.‎ 她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。‎ ‎5.Anyhow，my goal is__to__provide__humans__with a life of high quality.‎ 不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。‎ 二 单元语言综合运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A What will man be like in the future — in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time. ‎ Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, ‎ was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men ‎ are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively a short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular, the forehead will grow larger. ‎ Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger.‎ On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.‎ But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald (光秃的)．‎ Perhaps all these give the impression that in the future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being，with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.‎ 语篇解读：本文对未来人会变成什么样子进行了分析和想象。‎ ‎1．The passage mainly tells us that ________.‎ A．man's life will be different in the future B．future man will look quite different from us C．man is growing taller and uglier as time passes D．man's organs' functions will be on the wane (衰退)‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。由第一段可知本文主要介绍未来人类的外貌可能会出现的变化。C项只是其中的一个方面。‎ ‎2．The change in man's size of forehead is probably because ________.‎ A．he/she makes use only 20% of the brain's capacity B．his/her brain has grown larger over the past centuries C．the other 80% of his/her brain will grow in due time D．he/she will use his brain more and more as time goes on 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段最后两句说人类将更多地使用大脑，最终大脑变大，前额变大可知答案。‎ ‎3．It is implied that ________.‎ A．human beings will become less attractive in the future B．less use of a bodily organ may lead to its degeneration C．human beings hope for a change in the future life D．future life is always predictable 解析：选B　推理判断题。从人类身体变化可以看出，经常使用的，如大脑、手指将变得发达，而不常用的如头发、四肢会退化。‎ B The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to get everything and everyone talking. Attaching sensors (传感器) to “things”， such as cows, cars and refrigerators, and then giving them unique IP addresses allow them to “talk” to the Internet. Networking company Cisco says ‎ that 50 billion Internetconnected devices and objects will be sending data by 2020.‎ But getting back to those cows, cars and refrigerators, what types of data might they actually send? Cows might send their locations or physical conditions. Cars might communicate low oil levels and automatically schedule their own maintenance (维修). And refrigerators might send owners text messages reminding them it's time to buy milk and eggs.‎ The IoT will allow people to track things and processes like never before. Airplane manufacturers will be able to continuously track the condition of airplane parts, allowing them to do preventive (预防性的) maintenance and avoid costly downtime. Consumers could place smart devices in their homes to monitor energy usage and observe energy price changes in real time. That would allow people to change their habits and use electrical appliances during lowerpriced hours.‎ Some critics fear that the IoT could end up being a fad (流行) that people lose interest in over time. Other critics are doubtful that companies making Internetconnected appliances will provide longterm software updates. If that happens, a refrigerator or washing machine that should last 10 years or more could last two or three due to software that's outdated.‎ Early this year, owners of the Tesla Model S electric car received a recall notice reminding them of a charger plug needing to be fixed. Amazingly, owners of the Model S sat back while the company performed an “over the air”wireless update. Customers confirmed the update by tapping on the car's touch screen to see that the Model S was running the latest software version. No trip to the dealer was required!‎ Perhaps Tesla's remote fix is a sign of things to come. Someday ‎ soon, people's lives might become a lot more efficient and convenient thanks to the IoT.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是物联网——物联网指把各种物体与信息传感设备相结合形成一个巨大网络，其目的是方便用户识别和管理。‎ ‎4．What can we learn from Paragraphs 2 & 3?‎ A．How the IoT works.‎ B．Why the IoT is so popular.‎ C．Who will benefit from the IoT.‎ D．What problems the IoT is facing.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。第二段是对“what types of data might they actually send？”的解释，而第三段进一步解释了物联网的功能，这些都是对物联网如何运转的介绍。‎ ‎5．The example of the Tesla Model S electric car is used to show ________.‎ A．the complexity of the IoT B．the convenience of the IoT C．the value of the Tesla electric car D．the popularity of the Tesla electric car 解析：选B　推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“owners of the Model S sat back while the company performed an ‘over the air’ wireless update”可知，汽车车主只需要坐着等待就可以享受维修升级服务，故该事例说明了物联网的便捷性。‎ ‎6．What's the author's attitude towards the future of the IoT?‎ A．Hopeful.　　　　　　　 B．Worried.‎ C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed.‎ 解析：选A　作者态度题。由最后一段的“Someday soon, people's lives might become a lot more efficient and convenient thanks to the IoT.”可知，作者对物联网的未来充满了希望。‎ ‎7．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Fad is disappearing! B．It's time to change!‎ C．Internet is coming! D．It's all connected!‎ 解析：选D　标题归纳题。本文是对物联网的介绍——物联网指把各种物体与信息传感设备相结合形成一个巨大网络，其目的是方便用户识别和管理。D项中的connected一词正好说明了物联网把各种物品和网络连接起来的这一特性。‎ C I have lived in America's countryside for nine years, first in Michigan, where I was getting my university degree; then in central Illinois; and now in Indiana, where I am a university teacher. There were a few things I enjoyed complaining (抱怨) about in my living area. I'm a vegetarian (素食者), so there's nowhere to go out for a nice dinner without taking a 50mile drive. I'm black, so there's nowhere to get my hair done without another 50mile drive.‎ I repeated these complaints to my parents and my friends. Sometimes it seemed like complaints were the common language in my circle. We all were dissatisfied with something. Back in Illinois, my friends complained about the train to Chicago and how it's never on time; my friends in bigger cities complained about the expensive rent and strange smells on the subway.‎ Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action. We all have great ideas about what life would be like if only we had this, or did that, or lived there. Perhaps complaining helps bridge ‎ the large space between these perfect selves and reality.‎ There's also this: I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about. Complaining was helpful on those days when happiness required too much energy. But it also made me lose sight of something. I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive bigcity living can be.‎ Complaining may offer relief, but so does acceptance. There is no perfect place. There is no perfect life. There will always be something to complain about. By focusing on (关注) my complaints, I risked missing out on important moments of happiness. Now, I look up into the night sky and see all the stars. And I know that I have nothing to complain about.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者曾是一个爱抱怨的人，然而她最终意识到抱怨不会带来任何改变还会使她错过许多美好的时刻。‎ ‎8．After complaining, the author probably________.‎ A．had a deeper understanding of reality B．tried to make herself more perfect C．got sadder about her situation D．remained unchanged 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action.”和第四段中的“I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about”可推测，作者抱怨过后基本不作出任何改变。‎ ‎9．What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 4 refer to?‎ A．The fact that the author liked the countryside.‎ B．The difference between small and big cities.‎ C．The difficulty in finding happiness.‎ D．The purpose of the author's life.‎ 解析：选A　代词指代题。画线词something指的是后面的两句“I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive bigcity living can be.”由此可知，作者想表达她所忽略的事情是：她生养于有着大片平原的内布拉斯加，并且一点儿都不羡慕大城市的生活，即：她曾经非常喜爱乡村生活的事实。‎ ‎10．The author writes the text mainly to ________.‎ A．make her complaints B．tell us to stop complaining C．compare different lifestyles D．tell us life is the same anywhere 解析：选B　写作目的题。根据最后一段特别是最后一句“And I know that I have nothing to complain about.”可知，作者写作此文旨在告诉我们应该停止抱怨生活，并且希望我们可以更多地关注生活中的美好。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review. It is a proven technique to sharpen textbook reading skills. Here's how this strategy works：‎ Survey Get an idea of what the chapter is about by reviewing the highlights (最突出的部分)：‎ ‎__1__‎ Take note of words that are italicized (斜体) or bold (黑体)．‎ Look at charts, graphs, pictures, maps and other visual material.‎ Read the very beginning and end of the chapter.‎ Question As you survey the text, ask a question for each section. __2__ You can create questions by：‎ Turning the title or subtitles into questions；‎ Rewriting the questions at the end of the chapter in your own words.‎ Questions help you pay attention, understand the text better, and recall the information more easily later on.‎ Read Read one section of a chapter at a time, actively looking for an answer to your question for that section. Pay attention to bold and italicized text that authors use to make important points. Be sure to review everything in the section, including tables, graphs, and charts. __3__‎ Recite At the end of each section, find an answer to your question for that section. __4__ Be sure to provide examples that support it. Now repeat Question, Read and Recite steps for each section of the chapter or assigned reading.‎ Review After reading, review your notes. Identify the main points of the reading by looking for the most important idea in each section. __5__‎ Review your study notes and the summary every week to help you remember the information. When it's time to study for your tests, you'll find you've created an invaluable guide.‎ A．Read the titles and subtitles.‎ B．Then write down your answer.‎ C．First ask a question for the next section.‎ D．Write a brief summary of the chapter or assignment.‎ E．The written questions and answers will help you study in the future.‎ F．Ask what, why, how, when, who and where as they relate to the content.‎ G．These features can communicate an idea more powerfully than written text.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五步读书法，即：浏览、提问、阅读、复述、复习。‎ ‎1．选A　根据本空前的内容可知，浏览的时候要特别注意文章中的突出部分。根据常识我们知道，“标题和副标题”在字体及字号等方面往往不同于正文，比较显眼。‎ ‎2．选F　F项中的Ask符合五步读书法中的“提问”。‎ ‎3．选G　本空前提示读者在阅读时要注意图表信息，因为“这些吸引人眼球的内容比文字更能有力地传达信息”。‎ ‎4．选B　根据“复习”部分提到的notes可知，在复述时，不仅要解答之前提问的问题，还要“把答案写下来”，并要提供支持该答案的例证。‎ ‎5．选D　根据常识及下段中的summary可知，在复习的时候要“写一个简单的总结”。‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 ‎(2018·金华十校联考)Something quite tragic (悲剧的) happened in our home.It had a __1__ effect on our lives.It __2__ the way we relax and even where we sit.There was no fire or flood ...we __3__ our WiFi service for over a week.‎ I was raised in the preWiFi era, so I was relatively __4__ to the situation.My children, __5__， did not have this training.When given the news that there was no WiFi in the house, their first __6__ was: “But, what will we do？” Fortunately, the TV still worked, although the children were __7__ to find that it had only 70＋ channels.‎ For the children, a(n) __8__ challenge was homework, most of which is now given online.The lack of broadband seemed to provide a new __9__ of “the dog ate my homework” excuse.My daughter __10__ that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily __11__ due to a leak, but she thought that our lack of WiFi was __12__.“Because you can go to the shop and buy water, right？”‎ My husband and I need the Internet to __13__ us to work at home.Luckily, I've found out that these days you can go to the shop to __14__ WiFi.Although expensive, it allows you to set up your own MiFi network __15__.Buying 1GB of data makes you view your broadband differently.I don't want to __16__ it like leaving a tap running.We log on to the MiFi network and do what we have to do as __17__ as possible and log off.‎ The changes that __18__ has created in our daily life have occurred without us really __19__.The __20__ part of our time without WiFi was seeing the children make forts (堡垒) out of the sofa cushions, which they haven't done in years.‎ ‎1．A.possible　　　　　　　　　 B．modest C．positive D．huge 解析：‎ 选D　根据上下文可知，家里没有WiFi对我们生活的影响是巨大的(huge)。possible“可能的”；modest“谦虚的”；positive“积极的”。‎ ‎2．A.explored B．challenged C．improved D．guaranteed 解析：选B　根据前一句“It had a __1__ effect on our lives.”和下文的“But, what will we do？”可知，平时家里离不开WiFi，现在没有了，当然对我们平时的生活方式产生挑战。explore“探索”；improve“提升”；guarantee“保证”。‎ ‎3．A.received B．booked C．lost D．bought 解析：选C　根据下文的“When given the news that there was no WiFi in the house”可知，我们家里失去(lost)WiFi一个多星期。receive“收到”；book“订购”；buy“购买”。‎ ‎4．A.addicted B．accustomed C．admitted D．attached 解析：选B　根据第二段第一句“I was raised in the preWiFi era”可知，“我”是在没有WiFi的时代长大的，因此对于没有了WiFi也是比较习惯的(accustomed)。be accustomed to表示“习惯于”。‎ ‎5．A.however B．therefore C．otherwise D．besides 解析：选A　根据上下文可推知，“我”习惯无WiFi的生活，但是孩子们不习惯。上下文之间是转折关系，因此选however。‎ ‎6．A.impression B．inspiration C．response D．request 解析：选C　根据空后的“But, what will we do？”‎ 可知空处指的是他们的第一反应(response)。‎ ‎7．A.excited B．grateful C．embarrassed D．desperate 解析：选D　根据上下文可知，没有WiFi只有电视，且电视频道只有70多个，孩子们很绝望。excited“兴奋的”；grateful“感激的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；desperate“绝望的”。‎ ‎8．A.avoidable B．major C．enjoyable D．simple 解析：选B　根据本句的定语从句“most of which is now given online”可知，家庭作业应是孩子们的主要(major)挑战。avoidable“可避免的”；enjoyable“令人愉快的”；simple“简单的”。‎ ‎9．A.version B．translation C．dimension D．collection 解析：选A　空后的“the dog ate my homework”表示“狗吃了我的作业”，此处表示没有网络是这种借口的一个新提法，故选A。‎ ‎10．A.repeated B．promised C．observed D．ignored 解析：选C　根据空后的宾语从句“that one of her friends had her water supply temporarily __11__ due to a leak”可知，这些内容应该是女儿讲出来(observed)的。repeat“重复”；promise“承诺”；ignore“忽略”；observe“观察，说，评论”。‎ ‎11．A.fixed up B．cut off C．used up D．laid in 解析：选B　根据该空后的“due to a leak”可推知，水管漏水了，供水会被暂时中断(cut off)。‎ ‎12．A.worse B．better C．clearer D．more 解析：选A　根据上下文可知，女儿认为我们没有WiFi更糟糕(worse)。‎ ‎13．A.force B．encourage C．remind D．enable 解析：选D　根据上下文可知，为了能够在家工作，丈夫和“我”需要互联网。enable sb.to do sth.表示“使某人能做某事”。‎ ‎14．A.look into B．search for C．purchase D．borrow 解析：选C　根据下文的“Although expensive”可知，“我”去商店买(purchase)WiFi。look into“调查”；search for“寻找”；borrow“借”。‎ ‎15．A.easily B．securely C．firmly D．constantly 解析：选A　根据语境可知，买了WiFi，“我”建立自己的网络就容易了。‎ ‎16．A.share B．analyze C．store D．waste 解析：选D　根据本句中的“like leaving a tap running(像让水管的水不停地流着一样)”可知，我们知道让水管的水不停地流着意味着“浪费”，故选D。‎ ‎17．A.steadily B．quickly C．properly D．smoothly 解析：选B　根据上下文可知，当“我”上网做事时，“我”‎ 是尽快地做。as quickly as possible表示“尽快地”。‎ ‎18．A.technology B．information C．knowledge D．intelligence 解析：选A　根据语境可知，技术已经引起了我们日常生活的改变，这些改变在我们没有注意(noticing)的情况下发生了。‎ ‎19．A.reflecting B．hearing C．appreciating D．noticing 解析：选D　参见上题解析。reflect“反思”；hear“听到”；appreciate“欣赏”。‎ ‎20．A.rigid B．tough C．bright D．necessary 解析：选C　根据该空后的“without WiFi was seeing the children make forts (堡垒) out of the sofa cushions, which they haven't done in years”可知，没有了WiFi，孩子们可以在一起玩，这是愉快的(bright)事情。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 As we all know, there are some differences between American English and British English. How did these differences take place? There is no quick answer __1__ this question.‎ Actually at first the language in Britain and America was the same. After America became an independent (独立的) country, the language __2__ (gradual) began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.‎ Over the centuries, a number of words and meanings __3__ are still in everyday use in the United States __4__ (disappear) in British English. For example, Americans still use the __5__ (express) “I guess” (meaning “I think”), just as the British did 300 years ago.‎ In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. __6__ (make) American English different from British English, he changed the spelling of many words. That's why the words colour, centre and traveller __7__ (spell) color, center and traveler in American English. Except for these differences in spelling, __8__ (write) English is nearly the same in both British English and American English.‎ The differences are much __9__ (great) in the spoken language. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have difficulty in __10__ (understand) each other.‎ ‎1．to　answer后常跟介词to，表示“……的答案/回答”。‎ ‎2．gradually　设空处修饰began to change，故填副词gradually。‎ ‎3．that/which　设空处引导定语从句，修饰words and meanings，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。‎ ‎4．have disappeared　由Over the centuries及语境可知，设空处表示的动作已完成，故填have disappeared。‎ ‎5．expression　由the可知，设空处应填名词expression。‎ ‎6．To make　设空处表示目的，故填To make。‎ ‎7．are spelt　words与spell之间是被动关系，且此处表示一种客观情况，故填are spelt。‎ ‎8．written　written English意为“书面英语”。‎ ‎9．greater　由much及语境可知，此处应用比较级，故填greater。‎ ‎10．understanding　have difficulty in doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。‎ 假设你是李华，你的同学给你发来一封电子邮件。现在请你用英语给她回一封电子邮件。‎ Dear Li Hua，‎ Recently, I am always feeling that forgiving myself is much harder than forgiving someone else. When I make a mistake, I blame myself seriously. How could I have done that? Why did I say that? What on earth was I thinking? I do it over and over again. As a result, I have lost confidence in myself. How should I learn to forgive myself? If you could give me some advice, I would appreciate it.‎ Yours，‎ Mary 你的邮件应包括下列要点：‎ ‎1．你也曾经有过相同的经历；‎ ‎2．你的合理建议(至少两点)；‎ ‎3．你的希望和祝福。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Mary，‎ I'm sorry to know that you have some trouble with your life. I once went through such sufferings, and I'm sure I can give you some advice.‎ First, see forgiveness positively. Forgiveness allows you to live in the present instead of the past. Besides, ask others to forgive you. When you manage to do it, you'll feel better. Finally, let go of other people's expectations for you. Living up to someone else's expectations brings us nothing but sorrow. I hope what I said could help you out. ‎ Looking forward to your good news.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua