2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit2Robots单元学案（40页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit2Robots单元学案（40页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit2Robots单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．fiction n．　　　　　　　 　 小说；虚构或想象出来的事 ‎2.overweight adj.[纵联1] 超重的；体重超常的 ‎3.elegant adj.[纵联2] 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的 ‎4．scan vt. 细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描 ‎5．absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 ‎6．awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的 ‎7．affair n. 事务；事情；暧昧关系 ‎8．cuisine n. 菜肴；烹饪(风味)‎ ‎9．grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的 ‎10．biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学 ‎11．navy n. 海军；海军部队 ‎12．chapter n. (书中的)章；篇；回 ‎13．thinking n. 思想；思考 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．desire n. 渴望；欲望；渴求 vt. 希望得到；想要 ‎2.bonus n.[纵联3] 奖金；额外津贴；红利；额外收获 ‎3．sympathy n. 同情(心)‎ ‎4．pile_ n. 堆；摞；叠 vi. 堆起；堆积 vt. 把……堆起；积聚 ‎5．envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕 ‎6．affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情 ‎7．bound_ adj. 一定的；密切相关的 ‎8．parttime adj. 兼职的 ‎9．junior_ adj. 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n. 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者 ‎10．staff n. 全体员工；手杖 ‎11．divorce n.‎ vt.[纵联4] 离婚；断绝关系与……离婚；与……脱离 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy vt.使满足；使满意→satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的 ‎2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n.警报；惊恐→alarmed_ adj.担心的；害怕的→alarming adj.使人害怕的；扰乱人心的 ‎3．favour n．喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒→favourable_ adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的 ‎4．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏→company n．陪伴；伴随→companion_ n．伙伴；伴侣；同伴 ‎5．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration n．宣言；公布 ‎6．talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干→talented adj.有才能的[纵联5]‎ ‎7．obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从→disobey vt.& vi.不服从；违抗 ‎8．assessment n．评价；评定；评估→assess vt.评价；评定；估价；估定 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.凡事不可过度(over)‎ ‎①overweight adj.超重的　 　 　 ②overload vt.超载 ‎③overwork vt.& vi.工作过度 ④overeat vi.吃得过饱 ‎⑤overvalue vt.高估 ⑥overuse vt.过度使用 ‎⑦overconfident adj.过度自信的 ⑧overdraw vt. 透支 纵联2.令人佩服的优良“品质”‎ ‎①elegant高雅的 ②mature成熟的 ‎③sensible明智的 ④selfless无私的 ‎⑤modest谦虚的 ⑥noble高贵的 ‎⑦generous慷慨大方的 ⑧determined坚定的 纵联3.“奖金利润”咱都要！‎ ‎①bonus红利；奖金 ②profit利润 ‎③interest利息 ④award奖；奖金 ‎⑤prize奖；奖项 纵联4.“婚姻”词汇知多少 ‎①divorce n．离婚 ②marry v．结婚 ‎③marriage n．婚姻 ④wedding n．婚礼 ‎⑤bridegroom n．新郎 ⑥bride n．新娘 纵联5.“天才”这边看过来 ‎①talent n．天才；才干 ②talented adj.有才能的 ‎③gift n．天才；才能 ④gifted adj.有天赋的 ‎⑤genius n．天才；天赋 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——机器人科技 子话题1　机器人相关技术 ‎①chip n．芯片 ②artificial adj.人工的 ‎③intelligence n. 智能 ④programme n．程序 ‎⑤function n．功能 ⑥develop v．研发；开发 ‎⑦application n．应用程序 ⑧automatic adj.自动的 ‎⑨control v．控制 ⑩model n．模型 子话题2　机器人开发和研究 ‎①analyze v．分析 ②observe v．观测；观察 ‎③explore v．探索 ④solve v．解决 ‎⑤simplify v．简化 ⑥equip v．装备；配备 ‎⑦create v．创造 ⑧invent v．发明 ‎⑨inspire v．鼓舞；启示 ⑩research n．&v.研究 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018•浙江高考语法填空)Few people I know seem to have much desire❶ or time to cook.Making Chinese dishes❷ is seen as especially troublesome ...‎ While regularly eating out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even higher cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight❸ problems.‎ ‎①句中desire的词性为：名词，意为：欲望；其他表示“渴望”的名词还有hunger, eager, thirst ‎②写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：cuisine ‎③写出weight在本单元的派生词：overweight，意为“超重的”‎ ‎2．(2011•天津高考阅读D)Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire❶　 (create) something unique.Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected❷you most deeply.They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation.The world is changed not by those who do what has been ‎ done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination.‎ Study your role models, accept the gifts❸ they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you.Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”‎ ‎①用create的适当形式填空：to_create ‎②写出affect在本单元的同根名词：affection ‎③写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：_talent ‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•天津高考书面表达)得知你在设计机器人方面颇有天赋，我很想邀请你前来参加。(talent, desire)‎ Learning_you_have_shown_great_talent_in_designing_robots，here I desire to　invite　you　to　join.‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)如果你想要我陪伴，请打电话给我。我随时有空。(accompany)‎ If_you_want_me_to_accompany_you,_please_ring_me_up.I_will_be_available_at_any_time.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)have a strong desireto do sth.　 迫切想要做某事for sth. 渴望得到某物 ‎(2)desire to do sth.　　　　　　 　 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 desire that ...(should) do sth. 希望……做某事 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①These activities seemed to satisfy my desire_to_be (be) useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others.‎ ‎②We all share a common desire for_pleasure, connection and something that is greater than us.‎ ‎③The teacher desired that all the exercises (should)_be_handed (hand) in before school was over.‎ ‎[用准]　desire作及物动词，不用于进行时态。desire意为“希望”后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。此外，desire作名词时其后所接主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018•北京高考书面表达)既然你渴望学习中国文化，我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。‎ Since_you_have_a_strong_desire_to_learn_Chinese_culture,_I think ‎ Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.‎ ‎2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐；闹钟 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in alarm　　　　　　　　 惊恐地 ‎(2)alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的 be alarmed at/by 对……惊恐/担心 be/get alarmed about 对……大惊小怪 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①On hearing the scream, he jumped up in alarm.‎ ‎②Nothing to be alarmed about,_it's probably just a false alarm.‎ ‎③The firemen were alarmed at/by the big fire they had never seen before.‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎④I was on my way to the bookstore when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, and it frightened me a lot.(alarmed, which引导定语从句)‎ ‎→I was on my way to the bookstore when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which_made_me_alarmed_a_lot/which_alarmed_me_a_lot.‎ ‎3．favour n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；偏爱 vt.喜爱；偏袒 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)ask sb.a favour　　　　　 请某人帮忙 do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.　　 帮某人忙 ‎(2)in favour of 同意；支持；赞成 in one's favour 有利于某人；对……有利 ‎(3)favourable adj. 赞成的；有利的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Then we voted for the monitor.The result was 28 to 15 in Wang Hong's favour.‎ ‎②Do me_a_favour and turn the radio down while I am on the phone, will you?‎ ‎③When circumstances are favourable (favour), we must not forget that there will still be difficulties.‎ 单句改错 ‎④People who are in the favour of modern city life may think it is rather dull to live in the countryside.去掉第一个the ‎[写美]　句式改写 ‎⑤(2016•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to help me.(用含有favour的短语改写)‎ ‎→I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I wonder_if_you_could_do_a_favour_for_me/do_me_a_favour.‎ ‎4．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)accompany sb.to someplace　 陪伴/陪同某人到某地 ‎(2)accompany sb.at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏 accompanied by/with ... 伴随……发生 ‎(3)company n．[U] 陪伴；伴随 companion n．[C] 伙伴；伴侣；同伴 keep sb.company 陪某人 in the company of sb. 在某人的陪伴/陪同下 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I don't think it's necessary for parents to accompany their children to college.‎ ‎②While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her at/on the piano.‎ ‎③(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied_ (accompany) by the touching words.‎ 句型转换 ‎④When children are accompanied by their parents, they are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ ‎→Children, accompanied_by_their_parents,_are allowed to enter the ‎ stadium.‎ ‎[写美]　 补全句子 ‎⑤没有人在节日时陪伴她，这位老太太感到孤独。‎ With_nobody_accompanying_her_during_the_festival,_the old lady felt lonely.‎ ‎5．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称 ‎[记牢]‎ declare for/against　　　　　　 声明赞成/反对 declare war on/against 向……宣战 declare ...to be/as ... 宣布……为/是……‎ declare that ... 宣告；宣称 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①They declared against building a new bridge because it would cost a lot of money.‎ ‎②The opening of the competition was_declared (declare) yesterday.‎ ‎③Some scientists declare that_most of our tiredness comes from our mental and emotional attitudes.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④在2011年，理查德声称他计划在他40岁生日之前找到40个同年同月同日生(time twins)的人。‎ In_2011,_Richard_declared_that_he_planed_to_find_40_time_twins_before_his_40th_birthday.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．It was a reasonable assessment (评估) and probably pretty close to the truth.‎ ‎2．If it weren't for Jeff's quick thinking (思考), Tillie could have been badly hurt.‎ ‎3．South Africa students like eating fast food so they are overweight (超重的)．‎ ‎4．Alma's musical talent (才能) first came to light before she could even talk.‎ ‎5．David's parents divorced (离婚) when he was six, which had a bad influence on his childhood.‎ ‎6．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm (闹钟) clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!‎ ‎7．Nearly all the students got full marks in the test and our maths teacher smiled with satisfaction (满意)．‎ ‎8．As you know, the Spring Festival in China is a(n) grand (盛大的) festival, which we Chinese celebrate cheerfully.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is a great satisfaction to know the hero finally awoke.‎ ‎2．The president was so young that he was junior to some of his ‎ employees.‎ ‎3．If you had_obeyed (obey) the order, the disaster could not have happened.‎ ‎4．Only one third of the people present at the meeting voted in favour of the new law.‎ ‎5．In the background of protecting the national culture heritage, local government begins to declare them as nonmaterial cultural heritage.‎ ‎6．Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hardworking people.‎ ‎7．My daughter showed a lot of sympathy for the people who were begging from the passing shoppers.‎ ‎8．After living in Hangzhou for five years, she has developed quite an affection (affect) for the city.‎ ‎9．At present, the rapid spread of the disease is_alarming (alarm) the medical authorities.They are anxious like a cat on hot bricks.‎ ‎10．On seeing that the famous actress came onto the stage with her boyfriend accompanying (accompany) her, all the fans burst out screaming.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．He threw a stone towards his car out envy.out后加of ‎2．He desired that his book was read by as many people as possible.was→be ‎3．As far as I'm concerned, Daisy is a talent actress, who has an ability to play different roles.talent→talented ‎4．There are several people more junior to me in my company，but I still show respect for them.去掉more ‎5．We did a lot for the elderly there, cleaning their rooms, washing their clothes and accompany them.accompany→accompanying Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．他们大部分人支持我的观点，然而戴维却反对。(favour)‎ The majority of them were_in_favour_of_my opinion while David was against it.‎ ‎2．多数从贫困家庭出来的学生都有多学知识的强烈欲望。(desire)‎ Most students from poor families have_a_strong_desire_to_get_more_knowledge.‎ ‎3．出于对无家可归孩子的同情，晚上他给他们提供了安身之所。(sympathy)‎ Out_of_sympathy_for_the_homeless_children,_he gave them shelter for the night.‎ ‎4．妈妈要我陪她去超市。(accompany)‎ Mom asked me_to_accompany_her_to_the_supermarket.‎ ‎5．上周他们声称反对在村子里建一座新的化工厂。(declare)‎ Last week, they declared_against building a new chemical plant in the village.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1._test_out　　　　　　　　　 考验出；检验完；试验 ‎2. ring up[串记1] 给……打电话 ‎3._turn_around 转身；翻转 ‎4．leave_...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；‎ ‎ 和……单独在一起 ‎5．set_aside_ 将……放在一边；为……节省 ‎ 或保留 (钱或时间)‎ ‎6. in all[串记2] 一共；总计 ‎7．be_bound_to 一定做……‎ ‎8．reach_for 伸手去够 ‎9．in_favour_of 支持；赞成 ‎10．or_rather 更确切地说 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.这个电话怎么打？‎ ‎①ring up　　　　　 　　　 给……打电话 ‎②call/telephone sb. 给某人打电话 ‎③give sb.a call/ring 给某人打个电话 ‎④make a phone call 打个电话 ‎⑤call back 回电话 ‎⑥hang up 挂断电话 ‎⑦hold on 别挂电话 串记2.“总共；总计”知多少？‎ ‎①in all 一共；合计；总计 ‎②in total 总共；合计；总计 ‎③all together 总共；一起 ‎④altogether adv. 总共；完全地 ‎ ‎ ‎1．facial expression　　　　 　 　　 面部表情 ‎2．improve one's social position 提高某人的社会地位 ‎3．the amused and surprised look 有趣而又惊讶的神情 ‎4．weep with anger 气得直哭 ‎5．be completely transformed 焕然一新 ‎6．disappear from sight 消失得无影无踪 ‎7．no risk to ... 对……不造成危害 ‎8．in the present and the past 现在和过去 ‎9．gain a master's degree in chemistry 获得化学硕士学位 ‎10．throughout his life 在他的一生中 ‎ ‎ ‎1．His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine.‎ 机器人名叫托尼，看上去更像一个人，而不像一台机器。‎ ‎2．It_was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.‎ 机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。‎ ‎3．As she turned around, there_stood_Gladys Claffern.‎ 她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝•克拉芬站在那儿。‎ ‎4．What_a_sweet_victory to be envied by those women!‎ 受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！‎ ‎5．Asimov began having_stories_published in science fiction magazines in 1939.‎ 在1939年阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表小说。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set_aside_time_ (抽出时间) for them to read.‎ ‎2．(2016•全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)I turned_around_ (转身) and saw a pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.‎ 高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(句式升级/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)If you follow my suggestions, I believe you must have a great time.‎ ‎→If you follow my suggestions, I believe you will_be_bound_to have a great time.‎ ‎2．(2018•江苏高考书面表达)‎ 毫无疑问，在消费中完全依赖排名也是不明智的。(it作形式主语)‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_it_is_unwise_to_depend_completely_on_the_ratings_in_consumption.‎ ‎3．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这是关于这部英文短片的一些相关细节。 (全部倒装句)‎ Here_are_some_relevant_details_about_the_English_short_film.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．leave ...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起 ‎[记牢]‎ leave aside　　　　　　　 搁置一边 leave behind 遗留；把……抛在后面 leave for ... 动身前往……‎ leave out 省略；遗漏；忽略 leave off 终止；中断 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①She's asked to be left_alone_but the press photographers follow her everywhere.‎ ‎②The United Nations estimates that more than 900 million people move away for work, often leaving their children behind.‎ ‎③I'm leaving_for Vienna to visit my children, who have been away from me for three months.‎ ‎④Leave the difficult questions aside and try to answer the easier ones.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)不要担心，我们中国人都很友好，你不会感到被冷落的。‎ Don't_worry!_We_Chinese_are_friendly_and_you_won't_feel_left_out.‎ ‎2．set aside将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)；暂时不考虑 ‎[记牢]‎ set off　　　　　　　　　 动身；出发；引爆；引发 set up 建立；引起 set down 写下；放下 set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)‎ set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)‎ ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①He will set_down all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.‎ ‎②They set_up a working party to look into the issue.‎ ‎③Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set_about preparing your business plan.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间来看这场艺术盛宴。‎ I_sincerely_hope_you_can_set_aside_some_time_for_the_art_feast.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ 地点副词位于句首时引起的完全倒装 ‎[教材原句]　As she turned around, there_stood Gladys Claffern.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)The moment the bell rang, out rushed (rush) the children.‎ ‎(2)The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city.There stands (stand)a stone sculpture of a famous historical figure.‎ ‎(3)Present at the conference_were_ (be) experts from all over the world.‎ ‎(4)Buried in the earth_was (be) a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away, out等置于句首，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词时，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。‎ ‎(2)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为：分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语。‎ 注意事项 (1)当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。如：In he came and the lesson began. ‎ ‎(2)there be句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等替代。句型结构为：there ‎＋存在类动词＋主语。如：There seems to be something wrong with it.‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018•江苏高考书面表达)However, there seems to be some different opinions on the ratings.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Here comes the table manners you're concerned about.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 set aside， test out， ring up， turn around， be bound to， in favour of， in all， leave ... alone ‎ ‎1．We rang_up Henry but got no reply.He must have gone out.‎ ‎2．He turned_around as he heard a noise behind him but found nothing.‎ ‎3．The new discovery_is_bound_to_be of great benefit to human beings.‎ ‎4．The new product which will be tested_out next month is a combination of traditional methods and artificial intelligence.‎ ‎5．There are 32 doctors and 26 nurses_in_all present at the meeting held last night.‎ ‎6．I suggest_setting_aside some money every month for education and insurance.‎ ‎7．In our city, almost everyone is in_favour_of bringing down the housing ‎ price because it is too high for them to buy one.‎ ‎8．Leave the boy alone,_and he can make up his own mind.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．To master two foreign languages is necessary for the young.‎ ‎→It's_necessary_for_the_young_to_master two foreign languages.(it作形式主语)‎ ‎2．How good an example he set for us!‎ ‎→What_a_good_example he set for us！(what 感叹句式)‎ ‎3．All night long he lay awake and thought of the problem.‎ ‎→All night long he lay awake, thinking_of the problem.(现在分词作状语)‎ ‎4．Our library lies in the center of our school.‎ ‎→In the center of our school_lies_our_library.(完全倒装句)‎ ‎5．My mother desires me to go abroad for further education.‎ ‎→My mother desires that I_(should)_go abroad for further education.(虚拟语气)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定社会发展到了2030年，照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你们公司顺应社会需求，适时推出了一款家用机器人。请你写一篇发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐公司的这款新产品。 ‎ 注意：1.词数100左右； ‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：发言稿　②人称：主要是第一人称 ‎③时态：主要是一般现在时 ‎2．本文内容可从三个方面入手：‎ 开头介绍空巢老人的问题，引出主题，推荐一款家用机器人。‎ 中间部分是文章的重点，介绍该机器人的主要功能，如在规定时间做饭，陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动，能及时处理突发事件等。由于该部分要点较多，写作时容易遗漏，应注意。‎ 结尾表示期望。‎ 要点1－①：随着经济的发展，人们没有足够的时间陪伴老人，这导致很多老人被单独留在家中。‎ With_the_development_of_economy,_people_don't_have_enough_time_to_accompany_the_elderly,_which_leads_to_many_old_people_being_left_alone_at_home.‎ 要点1－②：为了解决这个问题，我们公司推出这款家用机器人。‎ To_solve_this_problem,_our_company_brings_out_the_household_robot.‎ 要点2－①：它能在规定的时间做饭，并且陪同老人聊天、下棋和做运动。‎ It_can_cook_meals_at_a_fixed_time_and_accompany_old_people_in_having_a_chat,_playing_chess_and_doing_exercise.‎ 要点2－②：它还能处理突发事件。比如，如果老人突然生病，这个 机器人会给医生打电话求助。(emergency, ring up)‎ It_can_also_deal_with_emergencies.For_example,_if_an_old_people_falls_ill_suddenly,_the_robot_will_ring_up_doctors_for_help.‎ 要点3：如果你拥有这样一款机器人，我相信会对你有很大的帮助。‎ I_believe_it_would_be_a_great_help_for_you_if_you_own_such_a_robot.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使行文连贯和满足词数要求，我们需要补充一些要点和添加细节。例如：在要点1－①运用“it is not unusual that ...”句型表达这种现象很普遍；在要点1－②后补充衔接句(下面就是关于该机器人的一些相关细节)引出下文；在要点2－①部分用have后接复合宾语的句子进行改写升级。‎ 拓展要点1－①：随着经济的发展，人们没有足够的时间陪伴老人，导致很多老人被单独留在家里，这很普遍。(it作形式主语)‎ With_the_development_of_economy,_it_is_not_unusual_that_people_don't_have_enough_time_to_accompany_the_elderly,_which_leads_to_many_old_people_being_left_alone_at_home.‎ 补充衔接句：下面就是关于该机器人的一些相关细节。(完全倒装句)‎ Below_are_some_relevant_details_about_this_robot.‎ 升级要点2－①：你可以让这个机器人在规定时间做饭，陪同老人聊天、下棋和做运动。(have sb.do sth.)‎ You_can_have_the_robot_cook_meals_at_a_fixed_time,_accompany_old_people_in_having_a_chat,_playing_chess_and_doing_exercise.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文要求写一篇发言稿，应有称呼语，可用“Ladies and gentlemen”作称呼语。正文部分用Welcome to our company's news conference.作开场白，然后指出你发言的目的是为了顺应时代发展，推出公司的一款机器人，此处可添加过渡词as you know。第二段介绍该机器人的优点，为了有条理可采用连接词，如to start with， moreover进行连接，文章最后用“Thank you！”致谢，结束全文。‎ Ladies_and_gentlemen，‎ Welcome_to_our_company's_news_conference.As_you_know,_with_the_development_of_economy,_it_is_not_unusual_that_people_don't_have_enough_time_to_accompany_the_elderly,_which_leads_to_many_old_people_being_left_alone_at_home.To_solve_this_problem,_our_company_brings_out_the_household_robot.Below_are_some_relevant_details_about_this_robot.‎ To_start_with,_you_can_have_the_robot_cook_meals_at_a_fixed_time,_accompany_old_people_in_having_a_chat,_playing_chess_and_doing_exercise.Moreover,_it_can_also_deal_with_emergencies.For_example,_if_an_old_people_falls_ill_suddenly,_the_robot_will_ring_up_doctors_for_help.I_believe_it_would_be_a_great_help_for_you_if_you_own_such_a_robot.‎ Thank_you!‎ ‎ ‎ 理清句间结构之(九)　让步 表示让步关系的标志词：although, though, while, even if, even though, whether ... or (not) ...等。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2016•天津卷•完形填空 Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to 30(cheer_on) her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach 31(announcing),_“The highest honor goes to Cathy！” Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her 32(will) and enthusiasm. __33__ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset (财富) one can hold is the heart.”‎ ‎33．A.Although　　　　　　　　　 B．Since C．Once D．Because ‎[分析]　“skills and talents bring great success”(技能和天赋给我们带来巨大的成功)和“the most valuable asset one can hold is the heart”(一个人所拥有的最有价值的财富是内心)之间是让步关系，所以选although引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2015•江苏卷•完形填空 I'm an ambitious 40(writer),_and when I started going through chemo (化疗), even though I'm a very __41__ person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 42(mood). One day, while waiting to go in for ‎ ‎43(treatment),_I had one of Dr. Bernie's books in my hand. Another patient 44(noticed) what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45(because) he had one of his books with him as well. It 46(turned_out) that among other things, he was an eightyyearold writer. He was 47(actually) a published author, and he was currently 48(working) on a new book.‎ ‎41．A.positive B．agreeable C．humorous D．honest ‎[分析]　联系后文所说的“我失去了写作的动力”，并结合even though表示让步可知，此处表示即使我是一个积极乐观的(positive)人。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2012•山东卷•完形填空 Kurt and Rita receive no 52(payment) for their hard work. “We feel like parents，” says Rita, “and parents shouldn't 53(expect) money for helping their children. The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets __54__， she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 55(difference) in the world. ‎ ‎54．A.surprised B．excited C．tired D．amused ‎ ‎[分析]　由句中的Though可知，空处所在句是一个表示让步的句子。句意：尽管Rita承认常常感到累(tired)，但她说她会继续这种工作，‎ 因为她喜欢这种让世界变得不同的感觉。‎ ‎[高考典例4]　2012•江苏卷•完形填空 The desire to be connected has brought solitude to an 39(end) as we've known it.People have become so 40(reachable) in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __41__ they'd rather not be.Today we can talk, text, email, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our 42(computers),_but from our mobile phones as well.‎ ‎41．A.even if B．only if C．as if D．if only ‎[分析]　由本句的语境可知，即使他们不希望被联系到，也经常有人联系他们。even if “即使，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，符合语境。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 40分钟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•武汉模拟)It could have been any of us, but it happened to be me.I received a brief 18 months of undivided attention and love as the only child before three more appeared.The second was a severe blow.No doubt, learning the need to share was important, but I had tasted the life of an only child.‎ Then came years of requests to look after the siblings (兄弟姐妹), being urged that, “You should be setting a better example.” Again and again the others got away with doing wrong but I didn't.We each played our roles: ‎ the second one who later skipped school to meet boys; the ever so attractive third, the boy who could do no wrong; and finally the surprise appearance of the fourth, who seemed certain to be spoiled.So that left me: the reasonable, quiet one who got the grades, did the housework and became a chameleon (善变的人) — skilled at reading a situation and being what was needed.‎ Then eventually came the chance to be the first to leave and experience life outside, not defined (给……下定义) as the eldest.The moment I had waited for.But now, many years later, being the eldest matters again.It's down to me to take the lead in caring for our parents.All the time I was made to learn about sharing; however, when it comes to responsibility, it no longer seems to apply.The others are too busy, too far away, or too unconcerned.So dutifully I travel many times across the country for hours to provide care and support.Requests to my siblings to help out more fall on deaf ears.To me, the dutiful firstborn, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.Sadly, that feeling isn't shared by the second, third or fourth.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在弟弟妹妹出生之前享受着父母亲全部的关心和爱，但随着弟弟妹妹的出生，作者必须承担照顾他们的责任。成年后，作者还要承担照顾父母亲的责任，作者觉得那是一件正确的事情，但其弟弟妹妹却没有这种责任感。‎ ‎1．How does the writer comment on the four children in the second ‎ paragraph?‎ A．Angrily and bitterly.‎ B．Angrily and proudly.‎ C．Bitterly and humorously.‎ D．Humorously and proudly.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the second one who later skipped school to meet boys ... who seemed certain to be spoiled”可推知，作者在第二段中对四个孩子的评论是充满苦涩和幽默的。‎ ‎2．How did the writer develop his social skills?‎ A．Through hard work.‎ B．With the parents' help.‎ C．At the parents' request.‎ D．In practice for effectiveness.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Then came years of requests to look after the siblings (兄弟姐妹), being urged that, ‘You should be setting a better example.’”和“So that left me ...being what was needed.”可推知，作者是在父母亲的要求下发展自己的交际能力的。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．To care for our parents.　　　 B．To help the young.‎ C．To live outside alone. D．To travel nationwide.‎ 解析：选A　代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“to take the lead in caring for our parents”和画线词所在句后的“to be there for our parents”可知，‎ 此处it指照顾父母。‎ ‎4．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．The writer hates to be the eldest.‎ B．The writer feels proud of his role.‎ C．The writer is satisfied with his attempt.‎ D．The writer is regretful about the siblings.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sadly, that feeling isn't shared by the second, third or fourth.”可推知，作者对弟弟妹妹感到遗憾。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•洛阳第一次统考)I never expected to go to the University of Michigan. I grew up in a small Midwest town where college wasn't __1__ by any means. Many students entered the workplace __2__ out of high school. For a long time, that's where I thought I would __3__.‎ At some point during my senior year, I started __4__ everywhere, just because I wanted to see __5__ I would get. I had the required grades and the ACT (American College Testing) __6__， but I came from a town of nowhere. So you can imagine the emotions of __7__ I had when I received a big envelope in the mail with the word “__8__”written across the top.‎ Now that the opportunity was open to me, I decided to go. I had received __9__ aid and scholarships, which I think was a __10__ factor (因素) in ‎ the decision. But my parents didn't see __11__ college as an opportunity for me to build up my __12__. And it seemed that no matter how much work I __13__， it would just be considered a waste of __14__. I often felt I was lacking __15__. I did the application all by myself. After moving to the college, I did two jobs and paid for my __16__ and bills.‎ Looking back on it now, I feel that it wasn't __17__ to be selfreliant. But in the long run, I __18__ the lack of support I had at such a key point in my life which taught me to be __19__ and responsible in hard times, to go beyond __20__ and to try things I never thought I would ever be able to try. I believe that's what college is all about.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者出生在美国中西部的一个小城镇，从来没有想过能上大学，但作者通过自己的努力最终考上了大学并通过打工支付自己的学费和日常花销。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，生活中的困难教会我们独立和有责任心，我们要尝试从来没有想过自己能做的事情。‎ ‎1．A.expected　　　　　　　　 B．envied C．admired D．afforded 解析：选A　根据空前后可知，作者在美国中西部的一个小城镇长大，很多学生在高中毕业后就工作了，所以作者没有料到自己一个来自小城镇的人能上大学。expect“期待，料想”；envy“羡慕，妒忌”；admire“欣赏，赞赏”；afford“负担得起”。‎ ‎2．A.straight B．randomly C．late D．happily 解析：选A　根据上文可知，作者没有料到自己会上大学，因为这儿的很多学生高中毕业后直接(straight)就去工作了。straight“直接地，立即”；randomly“随机地，随意地”；late“晚，迟”；happily“快乐地，高兴地”。‎ ‎3．A.work up B．put up C．end up D．pick up 解析：选C　根据上文可知，作者没有料到自己能上大学，认为自己最终也会和其他学生一样高中毕业后直接去工作。work up“激发”；put up“建造”；end up“(尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来”；pick up“拾起”。‎ ‎4．A.delivering B．applying C．registering D．competing 解析：选B　此处表示在高中毕业那年的某个时候，作者开始到处申请(大学)。根据常识可知，想要上大学需要进行申请。第三段倒数第二句中的“I did the application”也是提示。deliver“发表，递送”；apply“申请”；register“登记，注册”；compete“竞争，竞赛”。‎ ‎5．A.when B．whether C．how D．where 解析：选D　分析空处所在句的结构可知，从句“________ I would get”中缺少地点状语。‎ ‎6．A.qualifications B．diplomas C．scores D．certificates 解析：选C　根据本句中的“required grades”及“the ACT(American College Testing)”可知，作者达到所要求的成绩和ACT分数(scores)。此处“grades”与“scores”同义。qualification“资格，学历”；diploma“文凭，学位证书”；score“分数，成绩”；certificate“证明书，文凭”。‎ ‎7．A.anxiety B．relief C．calmness D．conflict 解析：选D　根据上文中的“I had the required grades and the ACT (American College Testing) ________， but I came from a town of nowhere”可知，作者达到了大学的申请条件，但觉得自己来自一个不知名的小镇，因此心情矛盾(conflict)。anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；relief“宽慰，安心”；calmness“平静，冷静”；conflict“矛盾，冲突”。‎ ‎8．A.Wishes B．Regards C．Cheers D．Congratulations 解析：选D　根据下文中的“Now that the opportunity was open to me, I decided to go.”可知，作者最终上了大学，故信封上的字应是“祝贺”。regards“致意，问候”；cheers“干杯(用于祝酒)”；congratulations“祝贺”。‎ ‎9．A.financial B．spiritual C．academic D．parents'‎ 解析：选A　根据下文的“scholarships”可知，作者得到了助学金和奖学金。financial aid“(高等院校的)助学金，助学贷款”。spiritual“‎ 精神的”；academic“学术的”。‎ ‎10．A.boring B．driving C．discouraging D．promising 解析：选B　根据上文可知，作者获得了经济上的帮助，这推动了作者决定去上大学。boring“无聊的”；driving“推进的，起推动作用的”；discouraging“令人沮丧的”；promising“有前途的，有希望的”。‎ ‎11．A.adjusting B．attending C．dropping D．managing 解析：选B　根据上文可知，作者决定去上大学，但是作者的父母不把上大学看作是作者发展潜能的机会。attend college“上大学”。adjust“调整”；drop“终止，放弃”。‎ ‎12．A.morality B．survival C．potential D．confidence 解析：选C　参见上题解析。morality“道德”；survival“幸存，生存”；potential“潜能”；confidence“自信”。‎ ‎13．A.get in B．take in C．put in D．persist in 解析：选C　根据语境可知，似乎无论作者付出多少努力，都只是被看作浪费时间。get in“到达”；take in“欺骗”；put in“投入(时间、精力)”；persist in“坚持，执意”。‎ ‎14．A.space B．money C．resource D．time 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎15．A.support B．courage C．motivation D．concern 解析：选A　根据空后的“I did the application all by myself.”及第四段第二句中的“lack of support”可知，没有人支持帮助作者。support“支持，帮助”；courage“勇气”；motivation“动力，积极性”；concern“关切”。‎ ‎16．A.feasts B．necessities C．seminars D．majors 解析：选B　上大学之后，作者做了两份工作，独立支付日用必需品的开销和学费。feast“筵席，宴会”；necessity“必需品”；seminar“讨论会，研讨班”；major“专业”。‎ ‎17．A.hard B．right C．easy D．awkward 解析：选C　现在回想一下，作者感觉自力更生并不容易。根据后一句中的“But”可知，作者认为自力更生不容易，但却从中受益匪浅。‎ ‎18．A.ignore B．appreciate C．forget D．disapprove 解析：选B　从长远来看，作者感激在生命的关键时刻缺少帮助这件事情，这教会作者在困难时期独立并有责任心，教会作者超越预期并且尝试从来没有想过自己能尝试的事情。ignore“忽视，不理”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；forget“忘记”；disapprove“不同意”。‎ ‎19．A.independent B．easygoing C．honest D．considerate 解析：选A　参见上题解析。independent“独立的”；easygoing“随和的”；honest“诚实的”；considerate“考虑周到的”。‎ ‎20．A.recognition B．description C．control D．expectation 解析：选D　作者在文章开头提到从来没料到自己能上大学，此处与此呼应，故选D项。recognition“识别，承认”；description“描述”；control“控制”；expectation“期待，预期”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•兰州诊断) Chinese scientist Guo Huadong on Tuesday published an article on the website of the academic journal Nature, calling on scientists to build a digital Silk Road to make __1__ best of big data.‎ Guo, __2__ is an academician with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), said in the article that __3__ (share) big data from satellite imagery and other earth observations in the regions covered by China's Belt and Road Initiative is key to sustainability (可持续发展)．‎ Guo underlined that the __4__ (environment) are diverse and fragile with various natural dangers in the regions. He believes a combination of __5__ (accuracy), reliable and timely scientific observations of ecosystems __6__ (be) vital.‎ Guo has been chairman of the Digital Belt and Road Program which ‎ ‎__7__ (set) up in 2016 by Chinese scientists teaming up __8__ experts from 19 countries and 7 international organizations.‎ The aim of the Digital Belt and Road Program is __9__ (improve) environmental monitoring, promote data sharing and support policymaking, Guo said.‎ In the article, Guo also __10__ (sincere) invited more natural and social scientists to join the shared effort.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国科学院院士郭华东在《自然》上发表评论文章，呼吁各国家充分利用“地球大数据”，携手共建“数字丝绸之路”。‎ ‎1．the　考查冠词。make the best of表示“充分利用”，是固定搭配，故填the。‎ ‎2．who　考查定语从句。空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，指代人，并在从句中作主语，故用who。‎ ‎3．sharing　考查非谓语动词。此处为动名词短语在that引导的从句中作主语，表示主动关系及一般性动作。‎ ‎4．environments　考查名词。根据后面的are可知此处要用名词的复数形式，故填environments。‎ ‎5．accurate　考查形容词。空处所填词与reliable和timely并列，修饰scientific observations，故用形容词accurate (精确的，准确的)。‎ ‎6．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处说的是现在的客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语为“a combination of ...”‎ ‎，谓语要用第三人称单数形式，故填is。‎ ‎7．was set　考查动词的时态和语态。由in 2016可知，谓语要用一般过去时；which(指代先行词the Digital Belt and Road Program)与set up之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，所以填was set。‎ ‎8．with　考查介词。team up with意为“与……合作或一起工作”，故填with。‎ ‎9．to improve　考查非谓语动词。空处所填词作表语，表示目的及主动关系，故要用不定式to improve。‎ ‎10．sincerely　考查副词。空处所填词修饰谓语动词，故要用副词sincerely(真诚地)。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎ Sixyearold Ismail Zulfic was born without arms and used to be scary of going into the water after a incident in a pool. So that changed when the little boy met Amel Kapo.He sets up a local swimming club after noticing how disabled kids struggled to swim in pools for lack of special equipments for them.‎ Kapo taught Zulfic swim.Zulfic was able to swim well after a little months of practice.He even won a gold medal in a local swimming competition for disabled people, finish well ahead of other swimmers.‎ This butterfly without wings shows up that desire, will and perseverance are things that real pay off.‎ 答案：第一句：scary→scared; 第一个a→an 第二句：So→But 第三句：sets→set; equipments→equipment 第四句：swim前加to 第五句：little→few 第六句：finish→finishing 第七句：去掉up; real→really