【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三 ‎[一]‎ As we all know, there are plenty of differ parks to visit in the UK. All theme parks in Britain have cafes, restaurants, picnic areas and gift shops, so you’ll still have plenty to see and do when you and the kids have been on enough rides. There are usually smaller “funfair” rides and games as well, so younger children won’t get bored. Several theme parks also have other attractions next to them, e.g. water parks often open all year rounds, unlike the theme parks.‎ Whenever you are in Britain, there’s likely to be a theme park within one or two hours’drive, bus ride or train journey. Several theme parks even have accommodation (膳宿) so you can stay for a day for two if you want to make a trip into a short holiday.‎ Prices for UK theme parks vary considerably; some have «i entrance price which allows you to go on all the rides, while in others you have to pay for every ride individually. It era also make a difference whether you go during peak time or not. For example, rickets always cost more during school holidays and weekends than they do during the weekdays.‎ Theme parks always get very busy during the summer months, so if you don’t like crowds it’s usually a good idea to go earlier or later in the year!‎ If you’re thinking of visiting a UK theme park, it’s worth having a look for special offers on tickets. Products such as chocolate bars and cereals sometimes have “buy one get one free” offers on theme park tickets, so keep a took out in shops and supermarkets.‎ ‎31. This passage mainly talks about all the following EXCEPT ________.‎ A. things to do B. prices for theme parks C. rules to obey D. special offers ‎32. You can’t ________ in the theme park according to the passage.‎ A. have lunch B.stay for the night C. enjoy special offers D. have a skiing ‎33. If you go to the theme park during the weekdays, you’ll probably ________.‎ A. have to spend more ‎ B. save some money C. have a good time ‎ D. get something free ‎34. According to the passage, what should you do if you are tired of crowds in the theme park?‎ A. Avoid the busiest months. B. Go earlier or later in the daytime.‎ C. Choose one with few visitors. D. Go there when no one is in it ‎35. The best title for the text would be ________.‎ A, What to Do in the Theme Park B. Theme Parks in the UK C. Visiting the Theme Park D. introduction to Famous Theme Parks 参考答案：31 -35 CDBAB ‎[二]‎ On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic Coast piping plover.‎ The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds（繁殖）along the Atlantic Coast, the Great Lakes and the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）. To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets. ‎ Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. That equals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats. ‎ While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geological Survey’s ‎ web-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change?” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparing bird’s-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policy plans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide.‎ ‎32. What can we know about the piping plover?‎ A. Its behaviour is changing. ‎ B. Its habitat is growing bigger. ‎ C. Its living environment is becoming worse. ‎ D. Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast. ‎ ‎33. Why did Thieler develop iPlover?‎ A. To study shorelines across America. ‎ B. To advance information technology. ‎ C. To find out global climate change.‎ D. To monitor changes of piping plover habitats. ‎ ‎34. Which of the following benefits the shorebirds?‎ A. The camping equipment. B. Research on smartphones.‎ C. The changeable coast. D. Progress in technology.‎ ‎35.What would be the best title of the text?‎ A. Protecting Endangered Shorebirds B. Rob Thieler, a Creative Scientist C. IPlover, Tool for Training Field Staff D. Differences Between IPlover and ICoast 参考答案：32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A ‎[三]‎ ‎  If you thought pilots dimmed（调暗）the lights before takeoff to give you some shuteye, think again. Believe it or not, the dim lighting could actually help save your life in case of a plane emergency.‎ ‎     The dimmed lights before taking off the runway and landing are a flight precaution used to help passengers’ eyes adjust quicker during an emergency escape. “Going from a brightly lit environment to one that’s completely dark would require some time for our eyes to focus and see the escape slide,” Alice Theriault, service director for Air Canada wrote in a press statement. “Since we need to have all the seconds on our side in the event of an emergency, dimming the lights is one of many steps we take to ensure the safety of our customers.”‎ ‎     The phenomenon that your eyes see those strange speckles (小斑点) as your sight adjusts to a dark place after being in a light place is called dark adaptation. It normally takes our eyes about 20 to 30 minutes to see best in a dark room. The brighter the lights, the longer it takes for our eyes to adjust, which is why dimming the plane lights could shorten your “dark adaptation” time since you haven’t been sitting under fluorescent bulbs (荧光灯) all flight.‎ ‎     Not only does dimming lights add valuable time to the escape process, it reduces the tension on your eyes if you need to look outside, or see the emergency lighting along the passage. “It helps keep you in the right direction.” Patrick Smith, an airline pilot and author of Cockpit Confidential told The Telegraph. “It also makes it easier for flight attendants to assess any outside risks, such as fire or debris, that might affect an escape.” So next time a pilot dims the lights, just know it’s for your safety, even though it creates a gentle atmosphere for your takeoff into the sky. ‎ ‎24. The lights are turned down before takeoff to help passengers_______.‎ A. take a short break ‎ B. escape in time of emergency          ‎ C. create a warm atmosphere ‎ D. adapt their eyes to the bright environment ‎ ‎25. What is one of the roles of shortening “dark adaptation” time?‎ A. Slowing down the landing. B. Adjusting the plane lights.‎ C. Keeping passengers calm. D. Helping the crew judge outside risks.‎ ‎26. What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ ‎      A. Dimming lights.                      B. The escape process.                ‎ C. Reducing tension.           D. The passage.‎ ‎27. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. A tip of air travel. ‎ B. An emergency event on a plane.‎ C. A warning message on a plane. ‎ D. An explanation of an airline safety measure. ‎ ‎ 参考答案：24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D ‎ ‎[四]‎ As any plane passenger will confirm, a crying baby is almost impossible to ignore, no matter how hard you try. Now scientists believe they may have worked out why. A baby’s cry pulls at the heartstrings(扣人心弦）in a way while other cries don’t, researchers found.‎ Researchers found that a baby’s cry can trigger unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them—whether we are parents or not. Other types of cries, including calls of animals in great pain, fail to get the same response…suggesting the brain is programmed to respond specifically to a baby’s cry.‎ A team of Oxford University scientists scanned the brains of 28 men and women as they listened to a variety of calls and cries. After 100 milliseconds --- roughly the time it takes to blink (眨眼) —two parts of the brain that respond to emotion lit up. Their response to a baby’s cry was particularly strong. The response was seen in both men and women—even if they had no children.‎ Researcher Dr Christine Parsons said, “You might read that men should just notice a baby and step over it and not see it, but it’s not true. There is a special processing in men and women, which makes sense from an evolutionary(演化的）view that both men and women would be responding to these cries.” The study was in people who were not parents, yet they are all responding at 100ms to these particular cries, so this might be a fundamental response present in all of us regardless of parental status.‎ Fellow researcher Katie Young said it may take a bit longer for someone to recognize their own child’s cries because they need to do more “fine-grained analysis”. The team had previously found that our ‎ reactions speed up when we hear a baby crying. Adults performed better on computer games when they heard the sound of a baby crying than after they heard recordings of adults crying.‎ ‎28. A baby’s cry is difficult to ignore because it .‎ A. keeps on crying ‎ B. makes people feel strong emotions C. causes people great pain ‎ D. cries harder than adults ‎ ‎29. The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”‎ A. remove B. cause C. avoid D. cure ‎30. What may Christine Parsons agree to?‎ A. A crying baby makes no sense to people without children.‎ B. Parents can hardly recognize their own babies’ cries.‎ C. Men pay less attention to a crying baby than women.‎ D. Almost everyone makes certain response to a baby’s cry.‎ ‎31. What’s the main idea of the text?‎ A. Why you can’t get a baby’s cry out of your head.‎ B. How to recognize different babies’ cries.‎ C. Why a baby is easy and likely to cry.‎ D. How to prevent a baby crying.‎ 参考答案：28-31.BBDA ‎[五]‎ Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals ‎ live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”‎ And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.‎ The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.‎ But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it ----you see the things behind it.‎ To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.‎ Animals are built of many different materials----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it .‎ Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn non-transparent milky white.‎ ‎28. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.‎ A. stay in groups                   B. can be easily damaged C. appear only in deep ocean         D. are beautiful creatures ‎29. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means________.‎ A. silently      B. gradually  C. regularly    D. completely ‎30. One way for an animal to become transparent is to _______.  ‎ A. change the direction of light travel  B. gather materials to scatter light.‎ ‎ C. avoid the absorption of light  D. grow bigger to stop light.‎ ‎31. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals________.‎ A. move more slowly in deep water  ‎ B. stay see-through even after death C. produce more tissues for their survival  ‎ D. take effective action to reduce light spreading 参考答案：28-31 BDCD ‎[六]‎ Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic ‎ of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.‎ In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750，000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage(短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.‎ For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.‎ The Irish are famous for being warm－hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.‎ ‎28. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?‎ A. How the Irish fought against the English.‎ B. How Ireland gained independence.‎ C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.‎ D. How two “Irelands” came into being.‎ ‎29. We learn from the text that in Ireland________．‎ A. food shortages and a lack of work in the 1840s led to a decline in population B. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside C. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker D. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments ‎30. The last paragraph is mainly about________．‎ A. the Irish character B. the Irish culture ‎ C. Irish musical instruments D. a famous Irish writer ‎31. What can be the best title for the text?‎ A. Life in Ireland B. A Very Difficult History C. Ireland, Past and Present D. The Independence of Ireland 参考答案：28-31 DABC ‎[七]‎ Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets just like to stay at the warm ‎ shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.‎ Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind.‎ If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors in cold weather, keep an eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.‎ ‎32．What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?‎ A．They are often forgotten by their owners. B．They are used to living outdoors.‎ C．They build their own shelters. D．They like to stay in warm places.‎ ‎33．Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?‎ A．To know when to bring them inside. B．To keep them from eating bad food.‎ C．To help them find shelters. D．To keep them company.‎ ‎34．If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ________.‎ A．run short of clean water B．dig deep holes for fun C．dirty the snow nearby D．get lost in the wild ‎35．What is the purpose of this text?‎ A．To solve a problem. B．To give practical advice.‎ C．To tell an interesting story. D．To present a research result.‎ 参考答案：32-35 DAAB ‎ ‎[八]‎ ‎ The European Union(EU) is an organization of European countries. The countries are independent and are governed in different ways. In the United Kingdom ,for example, the head of state is a king or queen. In France, on the other hand, the head of state is a president. But each of them sends representatives to European Parliament, which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries.‎ The idea of the EU began in the 1950s. The first members were France, Germany, Belgium,Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Italy. Little by little, the number increased during second half of the twentieth century. By the year 2000,there were 15 member countries. The new countries were Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.‎ In 2004,the EU increased to 25 members. The Czech Republic ,Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, plus the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta all became members. The expanded EU has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the US.‎ ‎28. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?‎ A. The UK was not included in the first members.‎ B. The thought of the EU first came into being in the 1950s.‎ C. The member countries of the EU are independent.‎ D. Ireland became a member country of the EU later than Poland.‎ ‎29. How many countries joined the EU after the year 2000?‎ A. 9 B.10 C.15 D.25 ‎ ‎30.How are the UK and France governed?‎ A. In both countries, the head of state is a king or queen.‎ B. In both countries, the head of state is a president.‎ C. In the United Kingdom ,the head of state is a king or queen while in France, a president. ‎ D. In the United Kingdom ,the head of state is a president while in France, a king or queen. ‎ ‎31.which country had the idea of the EU first?‎ ‎ A. The UK B. France C. Germany D. The passage doesn’t mention.‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案：28-31 DBCD ‎[九]‎ Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk(垃圾)has become a problem in outer space too.‎ According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.‎ Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.‎ To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.‎ To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.‎ Many scientists also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.‎ The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,”says Marco C astronuovo, an Italian space Researcher.‎ ‎“The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,”he says.‎ ‎28. What does the underlined word“these”in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Telescopes. B. Satellites. ‎ C. Pieces of space junk. D. BBC news reports.‎ ‎29. Why is space junk considered a problem?‎ A. It buns up after it re-enters the atmosphere B. It often stops the view of telescopes on Earth C. It could force new space tools to travel at slower speeds D. It may crash into other space tools causing damage or death ‎30. How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk?‎ A. Catch it with nets. B. Use robots to collect it.‎ C. Burn it in the earth's atmosphere. D. Send it further away from the earth.‎ ‎31. In which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article?‎ A. Environment. B. Local News. C. Education. D. Fashion.‎ 参考答案：28—31. CDBA ‎ ‎[十]‎ It is easy to find your way about in New York. It is laid out so regularly. Instead of streets winding and twisting (迂回) as they do in London, they are all regular and well planned. The streets running north and south are called “avenues” and are numbered, e.g. 1st Avenue, 2nd Avenue, etc. The streets going east and west are called “streets” and are also numbered, e.g. 51st Street, 63rd Street. It is all much more logical (合理的) than London’s street names. But I couldn’t help thinking how much more interesting than these dull cold numbers are London’s illogical but colorful names of streets, e.g. “Bishopgate” (which is not a gate and hasn’t a Bishop in it); “Haymarket” or “Cornmarket” (where you won’t see any hey or corn) or “Poultry” (without a living chicken anywhere in sight) or “Threadneedle Street” (where you won’t find little girls learning to sew).‎ ‎53. In the second sentence of the passage, “laid out” means ______.‎ A. built B. be put C. designed D. cut down ‎54. The streets running from north to south are called _______.‎ A. avenues in London B. streets in America C. avenues in New York D. streets in London ‎55. According to the writer’s opinion, ______.‎ A. avenues and streets are the same B. streets in America are better than avenues in England C. streets in New York are better than those in London D. the writer didn’t agree with the London streets planners ‎ ‎ 参考答案：53-55CCD