【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit1Culturalrelics单元学案设计（153页word版）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit1Culturalrelics单元学案设计（153页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit1Cultural relics单元学案设计 一、必背话题词汇 ‎1．dynasty n．　　　　　　　朝代 ‎2．emperor n. 皇帝 ‎ ‎3．slavery n. 奴隶制度 ‎4．ancestor n. 祖先 ‎5．origin n. 起源；由来 ‎6．weapon n. 武器 ‎7．aggression n. 侵略 ‎8．revolution n. 革命 ‎9．incident n. 事变 ‎10．invade vt. 侵略 ‎11．occupy vt. 攻占；忙于 ‎12．sacrifice vt. 牺牲 ‎13．betray vt. 背叛；泄露(机密)‎ ‎14．escape vi. 逃跑；逃走 ‎15．feudal adj. 封建的 ‎16．ancient adj. 古代的 ‎17．primitive adj. 原始的；远古的 ‎18．historic adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的 ‎19．historical adj. 与历史有关的；历史学的 ‎20．in peace 和平 ‎21．at war 交战 ‎22．turn against 背叛 ‎23．defend ...against ... 防御……‎ ‎24．date back to 追溯到 ‎25．date from 起源于；始于 ‎26．break out 爆发 ‎27．in memory of 为了纪念……‎ ‎1．domestic adj.　　　　　本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 ‎2．interfere vi. 干涉；干扰；妨碍 ‎3．internal adj. 内部的；国内的 ‎4．capture vt. 俘虏；捕获 ‎5．boundary n. 分界线；边界 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．This building which has a long history can date back to the Ming Dynasty.‎ 这座有着悠久历史的建筑可以追溯到明朝。‎ ‎2．In ancient times, the fast way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.‎ 在古代，最快的旅行方式是骑马或坐马车。‎ ‎3．At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days.‎ 在七世纪的唐初，彩灯的展示会一直持续3天。‎ ‎4．Standing on the top of the hill is a monument, dating back to hundreds of years ago.‎ 矗立在山顶上的是一座纪念碑，它可以追溯到几百年前。‎ ‎5．Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.‎ 只有废除了这种制度才有可能消除贫困、失业和战争。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．As teenagers, we should protect the ancient (古代的) places of interest.‎ ‎2．Originated from the Han Dynasty (朝代), shadow puppet play (皮影戏) enjoys a long history in China.‎ ‎3．Yangzhou was so attractive and important that many Chinese emperors (皇帝) in history had come especially to visit or check the city.‎ ‎4．It is universally acknowledged that nuclear weapons (武器) are dangerous to human beings.‎ ‎5．Yesterday afternoon, our school had a practice of escaping (逃跑) from an earthquake.‎ ‎6．It would help China shift its economy to consumption without sacrificing (牺牲) growth.‎ ‎7．Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery (slave) in the United States in 1863.‎ ‎8．What a pity that you can't stay longer, otherwise, you could visit many other historic (history) places and beautiful scenes.‎ ‎9．Credit cards have brought about a revolution (revolutionary) in people's daily spending.‎ ‎10．He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied (occupy) himself with a very important experiment.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 ‎1．The female hormones also help the body defend itself against some kinds of infection.‎ ‎2．My grandfather was born in the year when the Second World War broke_out.‎ ‎3．Most Chinese people like the fairy tale of Cowboy and Weaving girl, which dates_back_to Han Dynasty.‎ ‎4．Even those who were once for him began to turn_against him.‎ ‎5．The monument was built in_memory_of the dead in Wenchuan massive earthquake in 2008.‎ ‎6．We want to build up a harmonious society, in which everyone lives in_peace and in harmony with each other.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．任何情况下，我们都不能背叛我们的祖国和我们的党。‎ Under no circumstances should_we_betray our motherland and our Party.‎ ‎2．Near my home there is a famous temple dating back to the late Ming Dynasty.‎ ‎→Near my home there is a famous temple, which_dates_back_to the late Ming Dynasty.‎ ‎3．It's wellknown that China is a country with a long history.‎ ‎→It's wellknown that China is a country which/that_has_a_long_history.‎ ‎■子话题(二)　外国历史 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎1．president n．　　　　　　　　　总统 ‎2．parliament n. 议会 ‎3．democracy n. 民主 ‎4．capitalism n. 资本主义 ‎5．constitution n. 宪法；章程 ‎6．conference n. 大会 ‎7．conservative n. 保守派；守旧者 ‎8．religion n. 宗教 ‎9．religious adj. 宗教的 ‎10．racial adj. 种族的 ‎11．prehistoric adj. 史前的 ‎12．attack vt.& n. 进攻；攻击；侵害 ‎13．explode vi. 爆炸 ‎14．abolish vt. 废除；取消 ‎15．representative n. 代表 ‎16．immigrant n. 移民 ‎17．prime minister n. 首相 ‎18．independence n. 独立 ‎19．monument n. 纪念碑 ‎20．independent adj. 独立的；自食其力的 ‎21．vote for/against 投票支持/反对 ‎22．on behalf of 代表 ‎23．come to power 上台执政 ‎24．in the long run 从长远来看 ‎25．declare war on 对……宣战 ‎26．racial discrimination 种族歧视 ‎1．victim n．　　　　　　　　　　牺牲品；受害者 ‎2．strategic adj. 战略(上)的；关键的 ‎3．triumph n. 胜利；成功 ‎4．mission n. 使命；代表团 ‎5．reinforce vt. 增强；加强 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．Argentina, whose official language is Spanish, gained its independence from Spain in 1810.‎ ‎1810年阿根廷从西班牙统治下获得独立，其官方语言是西班牙语。‎ ‎2．Highly respected by his people, he was elected the first black president of South Africa.‎ 由于受到人们的极大尊敬，他当选为南非第一位黑人总统。‎ ‎3．Mandela, who played an important role in the antiracial discrimination struggle in South Africa, made great contributions to the development of South Africa.‎ 曼德拉对南非的发展做出了巨大贡献，他在南非的反种族歧视斗争中扮演着重要的角色。‎ ‎4．As the United States of America is an immigrant country, people often call it a “Melting Pot”．‎ 由于美国是一个移民国家，人们常把它称为“大熔炉”。‎ ‎5．Scotland voted against independence; more than half people chose to remain part of the United Kingdom.‎ 苏格兰公投反对独立，过半数人选择继续留在英国。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The monument (纪念碑), which was built in 1894, stands in the centre of the square.‎ ‎2．The eastern part of Guangdong Province is usually attacked (侵害) by typhoons every year.‎ ‎3．When it comes to the president (总统), most of his personal business is already known by the public.‎ ‎4．Professor Li delivered a speech at the conference (大会), encouraging university graduates to start their own business.‎ ‎5．Not only should the chemical companies along the river be abolished (取消), but people's awareness of water protection should also be promoted.‎ ‎6．Vegetarian food is often associated with religious (religion) beliefs; most Buddhists are vegans (素食主义者)．‎ ‎7．A remotecontrolled bomb exploded (explosion) outside a hotel near the town square, injuring at least 12 people.‎ ‎8．Different racial (race) and religious groups develop their own religious food preferences.‎ ‎9．Robert aimed to be independent (independence) of his parents by the time he was twenty.‎ ‎10．He was elected as the additional representative (represent) and attended the conference.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 ‎1．Fearing that most of the citizens voted_against him, he wore a smile.‎ ‎2．When the new emperor came_to_power,_he made peace with all his former enemies.‎ ‎3．I'm doing a project on_behalf_of my school about global warming.‎ ‎4．Angary residents have declared_war_on the owners of the factory.‎ ‎5．Protecting our environment is very costly, but in_the_long_run,_it will benefit the whole society.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．他作为把世界放进你的手掌心的人将被人们记住。 ‎ He will_be_remembered_as the man who puts the world into the palm of your hand.‎ ‎2．1964年，马丁·路德·金成为获得诺贝尔和平奖的最年轻的人，他的目标是结束种族歧视。‎ In 1964, Martin Luther King, whose_aim_was_to_end_racial_discrimination,_became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ ‎3．伽利略是一位在科技革命中起着重要作用的意大利天文学家和哲学家。‎ Galileo was an Italian astronomer and philosopher, who_played_a_major_role_in the Scientific Revolution.‎ ‎■子话题(三)　天气与气候 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎1．weather n．　　　　　　　天气 ‎2．climate n. 气候 ‎3．haze n. 雾霾 ‎4．mist n. 薄雾 ‎5．fog n. 雾 ‎ ‎6．frost n. 霜 ‎7．drizzle n. 小雨；毛毛雨 ‎8．breeze n. 微风 ‎9．rainbow n. 虹；彩虹 ‎10．rainfall n. 一场雨；降雨量 ‎11．shower n. 阵雨；淋浴 ‎12．storm n. 风暴；暴风雨 ‎13．blow vi. 吹 n. 击；打击；吹 ‎14．freeze vi. 结冰；使冻住 ‎15．pour vi. 倾泻；不断流出 ‎16．mild adj. 温和的；暖和的 ‎17．damp adj.& n. 潮湿(的)‎ ‎18．foggy adj. 有雾的 ‎19．cloudy adj. 多云的；阴天的 ‎20．freezing adj. 冻结的；极冷的 ‎21．snowy adj. 雪(白)的；下雪的；多(积)雪的 ‎22．chilly adj. 寒冷的 ‎23．lowpressure adj. 低压的 ‎24．freezing point 冰点 ‎25．subtropical climate 亚热带气候 ‎26．under the weather 不舒服 ‎27．rain or sunshine 风雨无阻 ‎28．weather forecast 天气预报 ‎29．average temperature 平均气温 ‎1．acid n．　　　　　　　　酸；酸性物质 adj. 酸的；尖刻的 ‎2．haste n. 急速；急忙 ‎3．obscure adj. 阴暗；模糊 ‎4．moisture n. 潮湿 ‎5．vitally adv. 极度；非常；致命地 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．According to the weather forecast, the temperature is expected to reach 40 degrees centigrade.‎ 根据天气预报，气温可达40摄氏度。‎ ‎2．It's pleasant to visit my hometown in July and August because it's not too hot in summer.‎ 七八月份来我的家乡参观非常舒适，因为这里夏天不太热。‎ ‎3．Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods.‎ 一些古代人相信闪电和雷声是神的武器。‎ ‎4．Now the most important thing for us to do is to take measures to protect us from the haze.‎ 现在，对我们来说要做的最重要的事情就是采取措施保护我们免受雾霾的危害。‎ ‎5．It was so cold outside the room that he had to run and jump to keep warm.‎ 屋子外面太冷了，他不得不又跑又跳来保暖。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Because of the haze weather (天气), students have fewer outdoor activities than before.‎ ‎2．The climate (气候) there is very mild and can make you feel very relaxed and comfortable.‎ ‎3．It's reported that the heavy rainfall (降雨量) caused rivers to break their banks, washing away bridges.‎ ‎4．John was traveling by ship to Europe when a terrible storm (暴风雨) came.‎ ‎5．I believe that I will finally see a wonderful rainbow (彩虹) after ‎ the rainy days!‎ ‎6．Some measures should be taken to purify the water before it is poured (倾泻) into the rivers.‎ ‎7．In order to stop the wind from blowing (blow) the earth away, we have planted a lot of trees.‎ ‎8．The freezing (freeze) Northeast hasn't been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter.‎ ‎9．There are more sunny days in Beijing while more cloudy (cloud) days in London.‎ ‎10．Since January 2017, many cities in China have seen a lot of foggy (fog) days.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 freezing point，weather forecast，average temperature，under the weather，rain or sunshine ‎1.The football match will be held, rain_or_sunshine.‎ ‎2．Weather_forecasts are of great help to farmers.‎ ‎3．The freezing_point is the temperature at which water changes into ice.‎ ‎4．You've been under_the_weather for some days now; why don't you see a doctor?‎ ‎5．It is reported that the average_temperature within the Arctic Circle has risen by 2—3 degrees centigrade in the past ten years.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．很多人在秋天来看望我们，因为他们喜欢秋天的天气。‎ Many people visit us in autumn because_they_like_the_weather.‎ ‎2．人们正采取有效措施来减少雾霾天气。‎ Effective measures are_being_taken_to_reduce the smog weather.‎ ‎3．Kunming's climate is warm throughout the year with a lot of sunshine, and it is famous as “Spring City”．‎ ‎→Kunming's climate is so_warm throughout the year with a lot of ‎ sunshine that it is famous as “Spring City”．‎ ‎■子话题(四)　水文和地貌 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎1．geography n．　　　　　地理 ‎2．capital n. 首都；省会 ‎3．continent n. 陆地；大陆；大洲 ‎4．stream n. 小河；溪流 ‎5．range n. 山脉 ‎6．desert n. 沙漠 ‎7．basin n. 盆地 ‎8．jungle n. 丛林；密林 ‎9．landmark n. 地标性建筑 ‎10．mineral n. 矿物质 ‎11．urban adj. 城市的；郊区的 ‎12．local adj. 当地的 ‎13．native adj. 本地的；本国的 ‎14．remote adj. 偏远的；偏僻的 ‎15．mountainous adj. 多山的 ‎16．steep adj. 险峻的；陡峭的 ‎17．be rich in 富含；盛产 ‎18．be separated from 与……分离 ‎19．be located in/lie in 坐落于；位于 ‎20．be surrounded by 被……包围/环绕着 ‎21．cover an area of ... 占地面积为……‎ ‎22．take on 呈现 ‎23．off the coast of 在……海岸附近 ‎24．to/on/in the south of 在……的南面(相望/接壤/在内)‎ ‎1．peak n．　　　　　　　山峰；顶点 ‎2．substantial adj. 可观的；牢固的；实质的 ‎3．odd adj. 奇特的；古怪的；奇数的 ‎4．navigation n. 航行 ‎5．tide n. 潮汐；潮流 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．Canada, which is the second largest country in the world, covers an area of 9.98 million square kilometers.‎ 加拿大，世界第二大国，占地面积为998万平方千米。‎ ‎2．Located in the south of China, Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.‎ 广州位于中国南方，被认为是我国最具现代化的城市之一。‎ ‎3．My hometown lies at the foot of the mountain, with a big river running in front of it.‎ 我的家乡就在山脚下，有一条大河从它的前面流过。‎ ‎4．Besides, there is a beach called Carribean Beach with clear water, where we can swim like a fish.‎ 此外，这里有加勒比海滩，海水清澈，在这里我们可以像鱼一样游泳。‎ ‎5．As we can enjoy, the scenery is beautiful and the air is fresh, attracting a number of tourists from all over the world.‎ 正如我们所喜欢的，这里风景优美，空气新鲜，吸引着一些来自世界各地的游客。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Antarctica, which is the coldest continent (大洲) in the world, lies in the extreme south of the earth.‎ ‎2．Sichuan Province is made up of a basin and some mountainous (多山的) areas.‎ ‎3．Scientists are trying to make the deserts (沙漠) into good land again.‎ ‎4．What's more, we should take good care of the jungles (丛林) and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.‎ ‎5．In our geography (地理) class, we are learning about rivers.‎ ‎6．Beijing is the capital (首都) of China, with a long history and lots of famous places.‎ ‎7．Jack has been to a remote (偏远的) village to do some voluntary work for two months.‎ ‎8．As student volunteers, we helped clean the streets in the holidays, and planted trees in local (当地的) parks last year.‎ ‎9．This country is abundant in natural resources, especially in minerals (矿物质)．‎ ‎10．The steps sometimes were flat, but sometimes steep (陡峭的)．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 be rich in，be separated from，be located in，be surrounded by，take on ‎1．To some people, happiness is being_surrounded_by family and friends.‎ ‎2．Taiwan Island, which is_separated_from the mainland by the Taiwan Strait, is part of China.‎ ‎3．China is_located_in the east of the Asian mainland and faces the Pacific Ocean on the east.‎ ‎4．With the approaching of the Spring Festival, the community began to take_on a cheerful atmosphere.‎ ‎5．Malaysia is_rich_in mineral resources and its mining industry takes an important position in the national economy.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．我们的村庄位于山东省的南部，四周环山。‎ Our village is located in the south of Shandong Province, with ‎ mountains_surrounding_it.‎ ‎2．Kunming is located in the southwest of China and it is the capital of Yunnan province.‎ ‎→Located_in_the_southwest_of_China,_Kunming is the capital of Yunnan province.‎ ‎3．The Great Wall is one of the most attractive places of interest, which attracts tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad every year.‎ ‎→The Great Wall is one of the most attractive places of interest, attracting tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad every year.‎ Topic 1　Cultural relics (Book 2·Unit 1)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM Frederick William Ⅰ， the King of Prussia, ❶could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, ❷which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.‎ In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William Ⅰ，❸to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter ‎ palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.‎ Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing.‎ In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. ❹This was a time when the two countries were at war.Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twentyseven wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, ❺what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.‎ Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg ❻when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.‎ ‎❶“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的推测 ‎❷which引导非限制性定语从句，其中又包含because引导的原因状语从句 ‎❸to whom引导的非限制性定语从句 ‎❹when引导的定语从句 ‎❺what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语 ‎❻when引导的时间状语从句 ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．ivory n．　　　　　　　　　　象牙 ‎2．amber n. 琥珀；琥珀色 ‎3．trial n. 审判；审讯；试验 ‎4．relic n. 遗物；遗迹；纪念物 ‎5．mystery n. 神秘；神秘的事物 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．local adj. 本地的；当地的 ‎2．former adj. 以前的；从前的 ‎3．entrance n. 入口 ‎4．style n. 风格；风度；类型 ‎5．select vt. 挑选；选择 ‎6．remove vt. 移动；搬开 ‎7．sink vi. 下沉；沉下 ‎8．debate n. 争论；辩论 vi. 争论；辩论 ‎9．design n. 设计；图案；构思 vt. 设计；计划；构思 ‎10．fancy adj. 奇特的；异样的 vt. 想象；设想；爱好 ‎(三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸 ‎2．evidence n．根据；证据→evident adj.明显的；明白的 ‎3．decorate v．装饰；装修→decoration n．装饰；装修；装饰物 ‎4．doubt n．怀疑；疑惑vt.怀疑；不信→doubtful adj.怀疑的 ‎5．valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的→value n．价值；价格；重要性 ‎6．survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还→survival n．生存；幸存→survivor n．幸存者 ‎7．worth n．价值；作用adj.[古]值钱的prep.值得的；相当于……的价值→worthy adj.值得的；有价值的→worthwhile adj.值得做的 ‎8．amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.吃惊的；惊讶的→amazement n．惊讶 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．It was evident that all the evidence we collected proved him to be guilty.(evident)‎ ‎2．What amazed me was the magician's amazing performance which made all the people present look at him in amazement. (amaze)‎ ‎3．It is worthwhile to travel to Beijing which is worth visiting, that is, which is worthy of being visited.(worth)‎ ‎4．Luckily, I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident. (survive)‎ ‎5．There is no doubt that Catherine is doubtful of her future, for she doubts whether she can continue to work.(doubt)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．belong_to　　　　　　　　　属于 ‎2．less_than 少于 ‎3．take_apart 拆开 ‎4．look_into 调查 ‎5．in_search_of 寻找 ‎6．think_highly_of 看重；器重 ‎7．in_return 作为报答；回报 ‎8．at_war 处于交战状态 ‎9．serve_as 充当；起作用 ‎10．rather_than 而不是；与其；不愿 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．I raised my hat to her and she bowed in_return.‎ ‎2．The police are busy looking_into the cause of the traffic accident.‎ ‎3．He took_apart the radio and hoped to see what was wrong with it.‎ ‎4．As is known to us, China is a country belonging_to the third world.‎ ‎5．Tired as they are, the rescuers are still in_search_of the missing people in the flash floods.‎ ‎6．We all think_highly_of our English teacher.His humor always makes our class lively and interesting.‎ ‎7．To live a lowcarbon life, some people prefer to take the bus rather_than drive a car to work.‎ ‎8．The country has been at_war with its neighbors for more than two years. Everyone in the country is really anxious for peace.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.‎ 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。‎ ‎[解读]　There is no doubt that ... 是固定句式，意为“毫无疑问……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　毫无疑问，这是一个罕见的木制花瓶，也是一件珍贵的文物。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that this is a rare wooden vase as well as a valuable cultural relic.‎ ‎2．In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.‎ 在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。‎ ‎[解读]　“疑问词＋(名词＋)不定式”在句中作宾语。‎ ‎[仿写]　有如此多的琥珀装饰物，我无法决定选择哪一件。‎ There are so many amber decorations that I could not decide which_one_to_choose.‎ ‎3．Nor do I think they should give it to any government.‎ 我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何一个政府。‎ ‎[解读]　“nor/neither＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前句中的否定情况也适用于另一人或物。‎ ‎[仿写]　父母们不能容忍他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许他们不服从自己的命令。‎ The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party, nor did_they_allow themselves to be disobeyed.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．survive vt.比……活得长；(经过……)活下来，保存下来vi.幸免；幸存；生还 ‎[经典例句]　Human life is regarded as part of nature, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.‎ 人类生活被认为是自然界的一部分，我们活下来的唯一方法是和大自然和谐相处。‎ ‎(1)survive sth.　　　　　 幸免于；(经过……)活下来 survive on 依靠……生存下来 A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)‎ ‎(2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]生存；幸存；[C]残存物 ‎①Having_survived (survive) that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right.‎ 熬过那个晚上，我们相信其他一切都会好的。‎ ‎②As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.‎ 据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。‎ ‎③If he couldn't find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival (survive)．‎ 如果他找不到走出森林的路，他生存的可能性很小。‎ ‎[名师指津]　survive 表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不要加多余的介词in, from等。‎ ‎2．design n．设计；图案；构思vt.设计；计划；构思 ‎[高考佳句]　They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 他们发出香味，目的是吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是这些攻击者的天敌。‎ ‎(1)design sb. to do sth.　　　 打算让某人从事某事 be designed for/to do sth. 旨在；打算被用来做某事 ‎(2)by design 故意地；蓄意地 ‎①This project designed (design) to help the students in need just didn't work out as planned.‎ 这个项目本来打算被用来帮助那些困难的学生，结果却和计划的不一样。‎ ‎②This course is specially designed for beginners like you, focusing on listening and speaking practice.‎ 这门课程是专门为像你这样的初学者设计的，重点在于听说训练。‎ ‎③Do you think that he didn't turn up by accident or by_design?‎ 你认为他没出现是偶然地还是故意地？‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结。‎ ‎(1)故意地 ‎①by design　　②on purpose　　③deliberately ‎(2)偶然地 ‎①by chance　　②by accident　　③accidentally ‎3．remove vt.移动；搬开 ‎[经典例句]　Because of the serious air pollution, the family decided to remove from the city to the countryside.‎ 由于空气污染严重，这家人决定从城市搬到乡下。‎ remove ... from ...　　　　 把……从……移开/撤掉 remove sb. from one's post 撤职；开除 remove sb. from school 开除某人；勒令某人退学 remove one's doubt 消除某人的疑虑 ‎①Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day's work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder.‎ 意识到妈妈工作一天后肯定累了，小女孩帮助妈妈把包从肩上拿下来。‎ ‎②Three children were_removed (remove) from the school for bad behaviors yesterday.‎ 昨天三个孩子因不良行为而被学校开除了。‎ ‎4．worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值n.价值；作用adj.[古]值钱的 ‎[经典例句]　These jobs, which are worth our enthusiasm and respect, also provide a chance to realize our dreams.‎ 这些工作，值得我们的热情和尊重，也提供了一个实现我们梦想的机会。‎ ‎(1)be (well) worth doing 　　 ……(非常)值得做 be worth the money/an effort/a try 值得花钱/努力/一试 ‎(2)be worthy ‎(3)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.　 　 值得做某事 ‎①Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worth experiencing (experience)．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日非常值得你体验。‎ ‎②It's worthwhile reading/to_read (read) literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life.(2014·浙江高考书面表达)‎ 读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们更多地了解社会和生活。‎ ‎[写作联想]　例句①的其他表达方式 ‎①Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worthy to be experienced.‎ ‎②Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worthy of being experienced.‎ ‎③Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it is well worthwhile experiencing/to experience this festival.‎ ‎5．amazing adj.令人吃惊的 ‎(1)amaze vt.　　　　　　　 使吃惊/惊讶 ‎(2)amazed adj. 吃惊的；惊讶的 be amazed at 对……感到吃惊 ‎(3)amazement n. 惊奇；惊讶 to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是 单句语法填空 ‎①It was amazing (amaze) that he should have survived such a big fire.‎ ‎②Believe it or not, what he said amazed (amaze) me.‎ ‎③To his amazement,_we were not amazed at his amazing discovery.(amaze)‎ ‎6．evidence n．根据；证据 ‎(1)There is some evidence that ...　 有证据证明……‎ ‎(2)evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that ... 很明显……‎ ‎(3)evidently adv. 明显地 单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①There is convincing evidence that skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun.‎ ‎②Evidently (evidence), the Spanish team is likely to win the World Cup.‎ ‎→It is evident that the Spanish team is likely to win the World Cup.‎ ‎7．debate vi.争论；辩论；讨论n.争论；辩论 under debate　　　　　　　　 在讨论中 debate with sb. about/on sth. 和某人争论/讨论某事 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①One of the questions under debate over education in many colleges is whether education is a lifetime study.‎ ‎②They debated_with_each_other_about/on_the_environment_protection (彼此讨论环保) and economic growth.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．—What do you think of the book?‎ ‎—Oh, excellent.It is worth reading (read) a second time.‎ ‎2．They have made amazing (amaze) achievements in the past few years, shocking many people.‎ ‎3．He had the dirt removed (remove) from his shoes before coming into the room.‎ ‎4．How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?‎ ‎5．The television programme is designed to_educate (educate) and not merely to entertain.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．There is some evidence which the economy is improving.‎ which→that ‎2．His car fell into the deep valley; luckily, he survived from the accident.去掉from ‎3．Whether pollution is directly linked to the disease is on debate.on→under ‎4．To my great surprise, the entrance for the mine was closed.for→to ‎5．These exercises are designed for strengthen muscles.for→to Ⅲ.一句多译 ‎1．他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。‎ ‎①His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worth_considering.(worth)‎ ‎②His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worthy_of_being_considered.(worthy)‎ ‎③His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worthy_to_be_considered.(worthy)‎ ‎④It_is_worthwhile_to_consider/considering his suggestion put forward at the conference.(worthwhile)‎ ‎2．为解决这一问题，我们公司推出了这款家用机器人，它是专为照顾老人而设计的。‎ ‎①To solve this problem, our company put out the household robot, which_is_specially_designed_to_take_care_of_old_people.(定语从句)‎ ‎②To solve this problem, our company put out the household robot specially_designed_to_take_care_of_old_people.(分词作定语)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．in search of寻找；搜寻；寻求 ‎[经典例句]　She went into the kitchen in search of a drink.‎ 她进了厨房，想找点喝的。‎ ‎(1)in one's search for　　　　 寻找 ‎(2)search sth./sb. 搜查某物/搜身 search for＝look for 寻找 search ...for ... 为找到……而搜查……‎ ‎①The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands in search of any survivor in the earthquake.‎ ‎→The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands in_their_search_for any survivor in the earthquake.‎ ‎→The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands to search_for any survivor in the earthquake.‎ 救援人员徒手移开砖块和石头，搜寻地震中的幸存者。‎ ‎②I searched the whole room for the lost key, but in vain.‎ 我搜遍了整个房间来寻找丢失的钥匙，但是徒劳。‎ ‎2．belong to属于；为……的一员 ‎[高考佳句]　As a science student, I have been reviewing Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and biology, which all belong to the college entrance examination subjects.(2014·四川高考书面表达)‎ 作为一名理科生，我一直在复习语文、数学、英语、物理、化学和生物，这些都属于高考科目。‎ ‎(1)belong to表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。‎ ‎(2)belongings n．财产；所有物 ‎①In my opinion, you'd better put the book where it belongs.‎ ‎→In my opinion, you'd better put the book to which it belongs.‎ 依我看来，你最好把书放回应放置的地方。‎ ‎②Having sold most of his belongings (belong), he almost had nothing left in the house.‎ 他已经卖掉了大部分财产，房子里几乎什么都没有留下。‎ ‎3．in return作为报答；回报 ‎[高考佳句]　Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ Axani在帖子上写道他并不期望得到什么回报，并且获赠机票的女士可以选择与他一起旅游，也可以拿走机票自己旅行。‎ in return for ...　　 作为……的交换；作为……的报答 in turn 轮流；依次；反过来 by turns 轮流；交替 ‎①He wanted to do something in_return_for the kindness that she offered him.‎ 他想做点什么来酬谢她的好意。‎ ‎②He spends too much time on math, and this in_turn affects the progress of his other subjects.‎ 他在数学上花的时间太多，这反过来影响了其他学科的进步。‎ ‎[联想发散]　试根据汉语提示写出下列“in＋n.”结构的短语：‎ ‎①in case　　　以防万一　　 ②in advance　　事先；提前 ‎③in danger 处于危险中 ④in order 井井有条 ‎ ‎⑤in place 在正确位置 ⑥in reality/fact 事实上 ‎⑦in short/brief 总而言之 ⑧in particular 特别 ‎4．There_is_no_doubt_that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.‎ 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。‎ there is no doubt that ...意为“毫无疑问……”，that后面的从句为同位语从句，说明doubt的内容。‎ ‎(1)doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中用whether (不可用if)引导同位语从句；在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎(2)动词doubt在肯定句中，后多跟if/whether引导的宾语从句；在否定/疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎(3)there is no need to do sth.　 　 做某事没必要 there is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没意义 ‎(4)it is no use/no good doing sth. 做某事没有用处/好处 it is no wonder that ... 难怪……‎ ‎①There_is_no_doubt_that education is a problem we should pay more attention to.‎ 毫无疑问，教育是一个我们应该赋予更多关注的问题。‎ ‎②There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.‎ 对于秋季运动会是否会在我们学校举行我们还有些怀疑。‎ ‎③I never doubt that special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.‎ 我确信特殊班级能够帮助这些有天赋的学生提前毕业，更早地在生活中找到他们的位置。‎ ‎④There is no need to_wait (wait) for him; he has gone abroad for long.‎ 没必要等他了，他已经出国很长时间了。‎ ‎5．In a trial, a judge must decide which_eyewitnesses_to_believe and which_not_to_believe.‎ 在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。‎ which not to believe为“疑问词＋(名词＋)不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。whether, what, which, whom, who, where, when, how等加不定式构成的结构在句中起名词作用，可以作主语、表语和宾语。‎ ‎①Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage, he was too nervous to know what to_say (say)．‎ 看到舞台下有那么多的观众，他紧张得不知道说什么。‎ ‎②When_and_where_to_hold the meeting remains to be discussed further.‎ 何时何地举行会议有待于进一步讨论。‎ ‎③With the Teachers' Day approaching, we've decided which_classrooms_to_decorate. ‎ 随着教师节的临近，我们已经决定要装饰哪些教室了。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 in return/in turn/by turns对比练 ‎ ‎1．The girls called out their names in_turn when all the people arrived.‎ ‎2．The two sisters took care of their sick mother by_turns.‎ ‎3．(2015·四川高考书面表达)In_return,_I hope you can help me with my spoken English.‎ Ⅱ.一句多译/补全句子 ‎1．众所周知，中国属于发展中国家。(belong)‎ ‎①As we all know, China is a country belonging_to_developing_countries.‎ ‎②As we all know, China is a country which belongs_to_developing_countries.‎ ‎2．所有的村民出发寻找丢失的男孩，但是没找到。(search)‎ ‎①All the villagers went out in_search_of_the_lost_boy,_but in vain.‎ ‎②All the villagers went out to_search_for_the_lost_boy,_but in vain.‎ ‎③All the villagers went out in_their_search_for_the_lost_boy,_but in vain.‎ ‎3．我们班有52名学生组成(consist)，大家都很友好，学习用功。毫无疑问你会和他们相处得很好。(2014·天津高考书面表达)‎ Our class consists_of_52_students,_all of whom are friendly and hardworking. There_is_no_doubt_that you can get along well with them.‎ ‎4．你应当熟悉它是如何工作的，以了解会发生些什么？‎ You should be familiar with how it works so you know what_to_expect.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 belong to，worth，rather than，search for，survive，doubt ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①许多人认为文化遗产属于全人类而不是个人。‎ Many people think that cultural relics belong_to_human_beings_rather_than individuals.‎ ‎②文化遗产很值得保护。‎ Cultural relics are_well_worth_protecting.‎ ‎③有些人想方设法地寻找它们，并非法地占有它们。‎ Some people take great pains to_search_for them and take possession of them illegally.‎ ‎④其中一些文化遗产已遭破坏，只有少数幸免于难。‎ Some of the cultural relics have been damaged while_only_a_few_have_survived.‎ ‎⑤我们每一个人都应尽最大努力保护它们免遭破坏。‎ Every one of us should make_all_efforts_to_protect_them_from_being_destroyed.‎ ‎⑥毫无疑问，保护好文化遗产是我们的责任。‎ Without_doubt,_it_is_our_duty_to_protect cultural relics.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)把①②句合并为一句，并运用同位语从句、分词作状语升级 Many_people_hold_the_view_that_cultural_relics_belonging_to_human_beings_rather_than_individuals_are_well_worth_protecting.‎ ‎(2)把句⑥升级为一个同位语从句 There_is_no_doubt_that_it_is_our_duty_to_protect_cultural_relics.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词：however, so )‎ Many people hold the view that cultural relics belonging to human beings rather than individuals are well worth protecting. However, some people take great pains to search for them and take possession of them illegally. Some of cultural relics have been damaged while only a few have survived. So, every one of us should make all efforts to protect them from being destroyed. There is no doubt that it is our duty to protect cultural relics.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——既作同位语又作定语从句的先行词]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William Ⅰ， to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.‎ 主句为“the next King of Prussia decided not to keep it”； “Frederick William Ⅰ”为“the next King of Prussia”的同位语，同时又为定语从句“to whom the amber room belonged”的先行词。‎ Shackleton是一个原先的英国商船队的军官，在1908年到达过南极100英里内，并且他在1914年航行前开办了一个公司来从电影和剧照摄影中赚钱。‎ 真题长难句 Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D)‎ 主句为“Shackleton started a business”； “a onetime British merchantnavy officer”作Shackleton的同位语，同时又为定语从句“who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908”的先行词。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 现代建筑与古老历史建筑 ‎275‎ ‎6分钟 ‎　　(2018·广东省七校第二次联考)Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons — for example, economic reasons — why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?‎ In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours ‎ where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.‎ It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change.‎ Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代建筑是否应该和古老的历史建筑建在一起。‎ ‎1．What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?‎ A．Most of them are too expensive to preserve.‎ B．They are more pleasing than modern buildings.‎ C．They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.‎ D．Some of them are not attractive.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”可知，并非所有的历史建筑都有吸引力。据此可知，一些历史建筑没有吸引力，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?‎ A．Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.‎ B．We should reproduce the same old buildings.‎ C．Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.‎ D．No one understands why people speak against new buildings.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too.”可知，作者认为一些历史建筑破坏了它们所在地区的环境，故选A。‎ ‎3．By using the words “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “________”．‎ A．destroy old buildings B．put things in a different place C．choose new architectural styles D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据文章第四段的第二句“If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves.”可知，如果我们不改变建筑风格，我们现在还住在山洞里面；据此可以判断，“move things forward”的意思是“选择新的建筑风格”，故选C。‎ ‎4．What is the main purpose of the passage?‎ A．To explain why people dislike change.‎ B．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.‎ C．To warn that we could end up living in caves.‎ D．To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。通读文章可知，第一段的第一句“Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city？”为本文主旨句；结合全文可知，本文旨在论证现代建筑可以建在有历史遗迹的地方，故选B。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 毛利文化 ‎333‎ ‎7分钟 ‎　　(2018·安徽省百所重点高中二模)I had the honour of being elected chief of my tribe (部落). With the title came great responsibility. It was my job to make peace with the Maori Tamaki tribe, whose village we visited. ‎ Their soldiers jumped from a canoe and faced us down with fierce crying, sticking eyes and much noise of sticks. They laid a palm leaf on the ground and, as head, I was forced to accept this peace offering by picking it up, then touching noses with their chief. “Kia ora，” he said, welcoming us into the woodland home of his people.‎ My “tribe” was my New Zealand coach tour group, who had forced me into being their leader. We'd been warned that the ceremony was a serious occasion and that to laugh or even smile would be considered rude to the Tamaki. After that it was nonstop fun as they demonstrated their ancient customs and I received instruction in performing the haka, the war dance immortalized (使不朽) by the All Blacks rugby team.‎ Then they pulled our dinner of lamb, beef and vegetables out of the ground. It had been slowcooked in the heat just below the surface in the geothermal (地热的) area of North Island, a Maori tradition known as a hangi that goes back an extremely long period of time.‎ Obviously, this form of it is put on for tourists but it was hugely enjoyable. The journey back to the hotel was alone worth the effort, our elder Maori driver being deserving of his own television show. “The wheels on the bus go round and round，” he got us singing, while he circuited a round about three times.‎ A couple of days from the end of our trip, there was still something missing, a New Zealand icon I wanted to see to make my grand tour complete. Riding over a ridge, there it was — Aotearoa. The Maori name for New Zealand translates as “the land of the long white cloud”. Can I say “Kia ora, Aotearoa？” You bet I can.‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文，作者讲述了他去新西兰旅游时接触到的毛利文化。‎ ‎5．How were the visitors greeted in the tribe?‎ A．The soldiers made a palm leaf road.‎ B．The soldiers touched their noses.‎ C．The soldiers shook sticks fiercely.‎ D．The soldiers made noise with shut eyes.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Their soldiers jumped from a canoe and faced us down with fierce crying, sticking eyes and much noise of sticks. They laid a palm leaf on the ground and”可知，毛利部落的勇士们从独木舟上跳下来，用狂热的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃动声将作者一行人镇住了，他们还在地面上放置一片棕榈叶。这些都是毛利人对游客表示欢迎的方式。故选C。‎ ‎6．Which refers to the Maori cooking custom?‎ A．Kia ora.　　　　　　　 B．Haka.‎ C．Hangi. D．Tamaki.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then they pulled our dinner of lamb, beef and vegetables out of the ground. It had been slowcooked in the heat ... a Maori tradition known as a hangi”可知，在地下土炉中烹制食物是毛利饮食传统，这被称为hangi。‎ ‎7．What does the author think of the driver?‎ A．He was good at singing.‎ B．He made the journey memorable.‎ C．He was not familiar with the road.‎ D．He performed well on a TV show.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者一行人的回宾馆之旅让他们难忘：有表演天赋的毛利老司机让作者他们一路欢歌，故选B。‎ ‎8．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．A taste of Maori culture B．Hello, New Zealand C．The honour of being a tribe chief D．The best of New Zealand 解析：选A　标题归纳题。作者作为赴新西兰的旅游团的队长，在旅游中有幸接触毛利文化，这给作者留下了深刻的印象，故A项“体验毛利文化”作标题最佳。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·太原市高三模拟)When my kids were small, I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah (光明节). I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to __2__. It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something __3__ less than $10 each, or even $1 each (at the dollar store). My children didn't ask for anything much in particular and they __4__ whatever they got.‎ As the years progressed, I __5__ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah.‎ But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else. My specialneeds son decided that he wanted to __7__ a computer, and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it. When I wouldn't __8__ that, he decided he wanted a PlayStation. Then Amazon gift cards. Then money. And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen, he got __9__.‎ I keep __10__ him that Hanukkah isn't about greed or materialism. It's about the miracle of an oil lamp that __11__ for eight days. It's about being __12__ of our heritage. It's about freedom.‎ But he __13__. I know deep down that his obsessions (迷恋的物) are out of his __14__， and definitely out of mine. Having a specialneeds child is as __15__ as it gets. Some days are better than others and not all holidays __16__ the way I hope. But despite his unrealistic requests, he's a(n) __17__ child who is showing me the true meaning of life.‎ And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time, I welcome his differences __19__ I learn how to turn negative requests into __20__ ones.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者一家过光明节的传统、变化及作者的应对策略和反思。‎ ‎1．A.buying B．donating C．lighting D．drawing 解析：选C　根据下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__‎ ‎ approaching the time”可知，此处指点蜡烛。‎ ‎2．A.celebrate B．present C．send D．play 解析：选A　根据上文的“Hanukkah (光明节)” 可推知，节日是用来庆祝的。‎ ‎3．A.at B．for C．in D．from 解析：选B　根据语境“less than $10 each, or even $1 each (at the dollar store)”可推知，此处表示东西的价格，故用介词for。‎ ‎4．A.ate B．threw C．liked D．drank 解析：选C　结合语境“My children didn't ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子们并不挑剔，很喜欢拿到的礼物。‎ ‎5．A.held up B．gave in C．handed in D．kept up 解析：选D　结合下文的转折“But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else.”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，作者保持那个传统很多年，但今年变得有些不同，有了新变化。‎ ‎6．A.made B．became C．found D．designed 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎7．A.build B．buy C．use D．watch 解析：选A　根据语境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，儿子要组建一台电脑，要作者去买零配件。‎ ‎8．A.rely on B．learn from C．agree to D．dream about 解析：选C　根据下文的“And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen, he got __9__.”可推知，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子就有了其他更多的要求。agree to“同意”。‎ ‎9．A.calm B．happy C．selfish D．upset 解析：选D　很明显，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子感到难过。upset “难过”。‎ ‎10．A.telling B．warning C．promising D．accusing 解析：选A　很明显，作者在不断地给儿子讲道理，说明节日的意义。‎ ‎11．A.lays B．hangs C．waits D．burns 解析：选D　根据下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time”可推知，D项burn “燃烧，发亮”符合语境。‎ ‎12．A.tired B．proud C．afraid D．lack 解析：选B　固定搭配be proud of意为“以……为傲，为……而自豪”，符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.nodded B．slept C．insisted D．failed 解析：选C　根据下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions (迷恋的物) are out of his __14__， and definitely out of mine.”可推知，儿子不为所动，坚持自己的要求。‎ ‎14．A.mind B．sight C．control D．place 解析：选C　根据“obsessions(迷恋的物)”可推知，儿子陷入迷恋的事物之中，已经失控。out of control“失控”。‎ ‎15．A.wonderful B．dangerous C．interesting D．challenging 解析：选D　很明显，作者应对有特殊需求的儿子有些棘手。challenging“挑战性的”。‎ ‎16．A.run out B．break down C．work out D．put down 解析：选C　根据“the way I hope”‎ 可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那样发展。work out“成功地发展”。‎ ‎17．A.strange B．amazing C．bad D．energetic 解析：选B　根据语境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此处的语气表示肯定、赞赏，故选B。amazing“了不起的”。‎ ‎18．A.candles B．lamps C．torches D．lanterns 解析：选A　根据上文的“I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night”可知，节日期间作者一家点蜡烛庆祝。‎ ‎19．A.when B．as C．unless D．until 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系，故选B。as“因为”。‎ ‎20．A.relative B．possible C．reasonable D．positive 解析：选D　与语境中的“negative”形成对比可知，此处表示把负面要求变成积极要求。positive“积极的”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·南昌市十校高三第二次模拟)When I was an international student in China, I was lucky to experience Chinese New Year. The buildup was exciting as everywhere __1__ (decorate) with red.‎ Some fellow students and I decided to travel from Xi'an to Guilin for the festival. Travel during that time is quite __2__ adventure — many people journey home __3__ (see) their families and everywhere is very busy.‎ On the eve of New Year, we watched the CCTV New Year's Gala. Although we didn't really understand everything, it was good to be lost __4__ the atmosphere of the occasion! At New Year, families make __5__ (taste) dumplings together as part of the celebrations. On New Year's Day, and for several weeks afterwards, you can hear firecrackers and fireworks everywhere, and the air __6__ (smell) strongly of dynamite (火药) and smoke.‎ ‎ This was adventurous for us!‎ Being in China during New Year somewhat meant __7__ (lonely) though it was a great experience. I can __8__ (absolute) explain it with how international students in the UK might feel at Christmas if __9__ (have) no loved ones around them.‎ Overall, my first Chinese New Year was an amazing experience __10__ I'll never forget.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在中国留学期间，曾经有幸和同学一起边旅行边体验中国的新年，这个经历使作者一直难以忘怀。‎ ‎1．was decorated　准备过程令人激动，因为处处都装饰着红色。主句用了一般过去时，故从句也应用一般过去时。decorate与主语之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎2．an　空前是quite，空后是名词，故可判断此处是“quite＋不定冠词＋名词”结构。当名词前没有形容词修饰时，quite要放在冠词前。‎ ‎3．to see　很多人回家看望自己的家人。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，空处应是不定式作目的状语，故填to see。‎ ‎4．in　尽管我们不能真的听懂所有的内容，但是沉浸于这种节日的气氛是极好的。be lost in sth. “沉浸于”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎5．tasty　家家都包美味的饺子。空处修饰dumplings，故用形容词tasty“美味的，好吃的”。‎ ‎6．smells　主语是表示单数意义的the air，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。smell在此是系动词，意为“闻起来”，不能用于被动语态，故填smells。‎ ‎7．loneliness　尽管新年期间待在中国是很美妙的经历，但它稍微让人感到孤单。mean是及物动词，后接名词作宾语。loneliness“寂寞，孤独”。‎ ‎8．absolutely　空处修饰谓语动词explain，故用副词absolutely“完全地”。‎ ‎9．having　分析句子结构可知，此处是“连词＋非谓语动词”结构，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，即international students。 have和international students之间是主动关系，故用现在分词having。‎ ‎10．that/which　总体来说，第一次在中国过新年是令人惊喜的经历，一个我永远不会忘怀的经历。空处引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，先行词是experience，故用that或which。‎ Topic 2　Canada ─ “The True North” (Book 3·Unit 5)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”‎ Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. ❶Rather than take the aeroplane all the way， they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought ❷that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.‎ Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”， the crossCanada train. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You're going to see some great scenery. ❸Going eastward， you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you're in Canada's warmest part. People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. ❹Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, ❺some measuring over 90 metres.”‎ That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of ‎ dollars in prizes.‎ After two days' travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheatgrowing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact ❻that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has onethird of the world's total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.‎ That night ❼as they slept，the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.‎ ‎❶rather than“与其；不愿”，用于连接两个并列成分 ‎❷that引导同位语从句，说明thought的具体内容 ‎❸现在分词短语作时间状语 ‎❹现在分词短语作主语 ‎❺独立主格结构 ‎❻that引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容 ‎❼as引导时间状语从句 ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．penguin n．　　　　　　企鹅 ‎2．booth n. 公用电话间；货摊；售货亭 ‎3．maple n. 枫；枫树 ‎4．buffet n. 自助餐；饮食柜台 ‎5．multicultural adj. 多种文化的 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．chat vi.&n. 聊天；闲聊 ‎2．within prep. 在……之内 ‎3．urban adj. 城市的；市镇的 ‎4．nearby adv. 在附近 adj. 附近的；邻近的 ‎5．confirm vt. 证实；证明；批准 ‎6．approximately adv. 接近；大约 ‎7．baggage n. 行李 ‎8．aboard prep.& adv. 在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；‎ ‎ 上(船、飞机、火车等)‎ ‎9．border n. 边界；国界；边沿 vt.& vi. 与……接壤；接近 ‎10．measure n. 措施；计量制；计量单位 vi.& vt. 测量；衡量；判定 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．wealthy adj.富有的→wealth n．财富 ‎2．distance n．距离；远方→distant adj.遥远的 ‎3．broad adj.宽阔的；广泛的→broaden vt.使变宽；加宽 ‎4．slight adj.轻微的；微小的→slightly adv.稍微；轻微地 ‎5．mix vt.& vi.混合；调配→mixture n．混合(物)；混合状态 ‎6．tradition n．传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally adv.传统地 ‎7．surround vt.包围；围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境 ‎8．terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的→terrifying adj.吓人的；令人恐惧的 ‎9．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impressive adj.‎ 令人印象深刻的；感人的→impression n．印象 ‎10．pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的→please vt.使高兴；使喜欢→pleasant adj.令人愉快的→pleasure n．快乐；高兴 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．We're pleased to listen to her pleasant voice. It's a pleasure to hear her sing.(please)‎ ‎2．We know that English is a mixture of various dialects mixed sound language.(mix)‎ ‎3．Though there is a long distance between Tom and his family, they don't feel distant.(distant)‎ ‎4．Surrounded by the forest, the village has beautiful surroundings,_which attract many visitors from surrounding areas.(surround)‎ ‎5．Hangzhou is such an impressive city that it often makes a strong impression on visitors and its sights never fail to impress foreign tourists. (impress)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．as_far_as　　　 　 　 　远至……；尽……所能；就……而言 ‎2．at_dawn 在黎明；在拂晓 ‎3．rather_than 与其；不愿 ‎4．settle_down 定居；平静下来；专心于 ‎5．manage_to_do 设法做 ‎6．catch_sight_of 看见；瞥见 ‎7．have_a_gift_for 有……天赋 ‎8．in_the_distance 在远处 ‎9．be_impressed_with_... 给……留下深刻印象 ‎10．be_surrounded_by/with 被……包围/环绕 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．The street lights come on at dusk and go off at_dawn.‎ ‎2．Rather_than refuse to help you, I prefer to borrow money from my friends.‎ ‎3．He has_a_gift_for languages, and wants to become an interpreter.‎ ‎4．As_far_as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing.‎ ‎5．The driver didn't catch_sight_of another car in time, so the accident happened.‎ ‎6．I must settle_down to finish writing the book. It is very urgent.‎ ‎7．The first time I visited Guilin, I was_impressed_with its beautiful scenery.‎ ‎8．You can't imagine how excited I was when I saw the ancient tower in_the_distance.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.‎ 她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。‎ ‎[解读]　rather than“与其；不愿；而不是”，一般连接两个并列成分。‎ ‎[仿写]　我与其坐最慢的火车也不愿坐飞机去那里。‎ I would take the slowest train rather_than_go_there_by_plane.‎ ‎2．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.‎ 那儿湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些树测量起来高达90多米。‎ ‎[解读]　some measuring ...为独立主格结构。‎ ‎[仿写]　暑假到了，我的同班同学都在计划如何放松一下自己。‎ Summer_holiday_coming,_my classmates are planning how to relax themselves.‎ ‎3．It's too bad you can't go as far as Ottawa, Canada's capital.‎ 很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。‎ ‎[解读]　as far as“远至……；就……而言；尽……所能”。‎ ‎[仿写]　就我所知，每个城市都在试图保护它的文化遗产。‎ As_far_as_I_know,_every city is trying to protect its cultural relics.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．surround vt.包围；围绕　‎ ‎[教材原句]　People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.‎ 人们说它(温哥华)是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环绕。‎ ‎(1)surround ...with ...　　　 用……包围/围绕……‎ be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕 ‎(2)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 ‎(3)surroundings n. 环境(指四周的环境)‎ ‎①Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017·江苏高考单选)‎ 根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。‎ ‎②Surrounded (surround) by the sea on three sides, modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.‎ 现代的青岛三面环海，被认为是中国最宜居的城市之一。‎ ‎[语境串记]　I always dream of having a house surrounded by green trees and flowers. If I can live in such beautiful surroundings, I must have a happy feeling every day. The surrounding things always have an effect on our mood.‎ 我总是梦想着能有一个被绿树和鲜花围绕的房子。如果我能住在这样美丽的环境里，我一定会每天都非常开心。周围的环境总会对我们的心情产生影响。‎ ‎2．measure vi.& vt.测量；衡量；判定 n．计量制；计量单位；措施；尺寸　‎ ‎[教材原句]　It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.‎ 那儿湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些树测量起来高达90多米。‎ ‎(1)measure ... by ...　　　　 用……来衡量……‎ be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算 ‎(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make sth. to one's measure 照某人的尺寸做某物 ‎①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be_measured (measure) only by examination results.‎ 普遍认为教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。‎ ‎②This nature of data makes the antitrust measures (measure) of the past less useful.(2017·江苏高考)‎ 这种数据使得这些过去的反垄断措施不那么有用了。‎ ‎③Mr. Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.‎ 史密斯先生要求裁缝照他自己的尺寸做些新衣服。‎ ‎[名师指津]　(1)measure表“措施”时，常用其复数形式。‎ ‎(2)measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态。‎ ‎3．distance n．距离；远方　‎ ‎[教材原句]　 In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.‎ 远处，她们可以看到在湖的南边尼亚加拉瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。‎ ‎(1)in the distance　　　　　　 在远处 from a distance 从远处 at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远 ‎(2)keep one's distance (from) (与……)保持距离 keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡；与某人疏远；与某人保持一定距离 ‎(3)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的 ‎①In my opinion, the picture looks better from_a_distance.‎ 依我看来，这幅图画从远处看更好看。‎ ‎②It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept_everyone_at_a_distance.‎ 很难搞懂她，因为她总是与每个人保持一定距离。‎ ‎③The Indians used to put their ears to the ground to hear a distant (distance) noise.‎ 在过去，印度人常常把耳朵贴在地上来获取很远地方传来的声音。‎ ‎4．impressvt.使印象深刻；使铭记；铭刻；给……留下极深的印象　‎ ‎[高考佳句]　Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.(2017·6月浙江高考)‎ 威廉姆斯对本杰明印象非常深，给了他两本绘画方面的经典图书让他带回家。‎ 　 　　　 使某人牢记某事 ‎　 be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻 ‎　 be impressed on one's mind/memory 被印在脑海里 ‎(2)impression n. 印象；感想 leave/make a(n) ... impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象 ‎(3)impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的 ‎①My father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me.‎ ‎→My father impressed me with the value of hard work.‎ 我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。‎ ‎②The new teacher made/left_a_good_impression_on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.‎ 那位新老师以丰富的知识和幽默的语言给同学们留下了很好的印象。‎ ‎5．mix vt. & vi.混合；调配；混淆；弄乱　‎ ‎(1)mix up ... with ...　　 把……和……搞混了 mix up 混淆；弄乱；搅匀；拌和 ‎(2)mixture n. 混合(物)；混合状态 mixed adj. 混合的；混杂物 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①Hearing the news, she felt a strange mixture (mix) of excitement and fear.‎ ‎②With mixed (mix) feelings on mind, she doesn't know what to do next.‎ ‎③徐老师出了差错，把我的成绩和别人的搞混了。‎ Miss Xu made an error and mixed_up_my_results_with someone else's!‎ ‎6．confirm vt.证实；证明；批准　‎ confirm sb. in sth.　　　　　 使某人确信某事 confirm sb. in one's belief 坚定某人的信念 It has been confirmed that ... 已经确定……‎ 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①The latest evidence confirmed me_in his honesty.‎ ‎②最近的空难坚定了我的信念，那就是需要更完善的安全规则。‎ The recent airplane crash confirms_me_in_my_belief_that stronger safety regulations are needed.‎ ‎③已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。‎ It_has_been_confirmed_that the meeting will take place next week.‎ ‎7．tradition n．传统；风俗　 ‎ ‎(1)It is a tradition for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是一种传统 by tradition 根据习俗 ‎(2)traditional adj 传统的 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①Besides these traditional (tradition) activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.‎ ‎②By tradition, people play practical jokes on April 1.‎ ‎③中秋节期间，中国人坐在一起吃月饼、水果和赏月是一种传统。‎ During the MidAutumn Festival, it_is_a_tradition_for_Chinese_to sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits, enjoying the full moon.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．After the typhoon, people found some tall trees, measuring (measure) more than 10 meters, lying on the ground.‎ ‎2．Take your time — it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant.‎ ‎3．I think what impresses (impress) me about his painting is the colors he uses.‎ ‎4．I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.‎ ‎5．Nancy's first reaction to the news was a strange mixture (mix) of joy and anger.‎ ‎6．As is known to us, May Day is a traditional (tradition) day for celebrations.‎ ‎7．It's reported that January's sales were slightly (slight) better than average.‎ ‎8．I first met John at my sister's wedding. He was_chatting (chat) with some of the honoured guests at the time.‎ ‎9．I'd like to have my reference book within my reach.‎ ‎10．It has been confirmed that the agreement is to be signed.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．He asked how the distance was between Beijing and Qingdao.how→what ‎2．We couldn't decide whether to go to eastward or westward.去掉go后面的to ‎3．The harbor was full of soldiers with baggages.baggages→baggage ‎4．Mr Wang, a professor for America, will make a impressive speech in the hall tonight.第二个a→an ‎5．The government has taken measure to prevent house prices rising.measure→measures ‎6. Looking back on his childhood, he is full of mixing feelings.mixing→mixed Ⅲ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．总之，欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。‎ In a word, you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt_to_the_new_surroundings_soon.‎ ‎2．端午节是中国的传统节日，根据习俗，人们应在那天吃粽子。‎ The Dragon Boat Festival is_a_traditional_Chinese_festival,_and by_tradition,_people should eat zongzi on that day.‎ ‎3．政府已经答应采取措施来帮助失业者。‎ ‎①The government has promised to take_measures/steps/action_to_help the unemployed.‎ ‎②The government has made a promise that measures/steps/action_should_be_taken_to_help the unemployed.‎ ‎4．即便如此，她的勇气和成功的强烈愿望给世界留下了深刻的印象。‎ ‎①Even so, she impressed_the_world_with her courage and strong desire to succeed. ‎ ‎②Even so, she impressed her courage and strong desire to succeed on/upon the world.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．settle down定居；平静下来；专心于　‎ ‎[教材原句]　That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.‎ 那天下午表姐妹俩才登上火车落了座。‎ settle down to (doing) sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　 开始专注于某事物；着手认真做某事 settle in/into 安顿下来；适应新的工作环境等 settle a problem/an argument 解决问题/争议 ‎①In the past, he often dreamed of retiring in England and settling_down_in the country.‎ 过去他常幻想在英国退休并在乡间安顿下来。‎ ‎②Before we settle down to discussing (discuss) other things, I've a ‎ question to ask you.‎ 在我们开始讨论别的事情之前，我有个问题要请教你。‎ ‎③Arriving in Tokyo was rather tiring, but I managed to catch a taxi to my accommodation and settle_in.‎ 到达东京很疲劳，但我还是设法搭乘出租车到达住处并安顿下来。‎ ‎2．manage to do设法做　‎ ‎[高考佳句]　Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)‎ 后来，工程师们设法在深的隧道系统中建设了铁路，这就是人们熟知的伦敦地铁。‎ manage sb.　　　　 设法对付某人 manage sth. 管理/经营……‎ manage it 能做到 make it 获得成功；准时到达；渡过难关 ‎①I don't know how you all manage to_survive (survive) on Jeremy's salary.‎ 我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪水是怎样生存的。‎ ‎②He took great pains to_manage_the_factory well.‎ 为了管理好工厂，他可真是煞费苦心。‎ ‎③Thank you all the same. I can manage_it_myself.‎ 我还是要谢谢你。我自己能行。‎ ‎ [名师指津]　manage to do sth.相当于succeed in doing sth.，表示“成功地做了某事”，重在结果；try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，重在动作，不一定成功。‎ ‎3．Rather_than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.‎ 她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。　‎ rather than“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接并列成分。‎ ‎①They said the director, rather than the clerks, was (be) responsible for the incident.‎ 他们说是主管要为这次事件负责，而不是职员。‎ 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 ‎(2)other than　　　 不同于；除了 or rather 更确切地说 more than 多于；不仅仅；非常 ‎②Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer to_go (go) to find out what on earth has happened.‎ 我宁愿去探个究竟，也不愿坐在这儿等待。 ‎ ‎③I met him very late on Friday night, or_rather early on Saturday morning.‎ 我在星期五深夜见到他，更确切地说是在星期六凌晨。‎ ‎[名师指津]　 rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎4．It's too bad you can't go as_far_as Ottawa, Canada's capital.‎ 很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。‎ as far as意为“远至……；就……而言；尽……所能”。意为“远至……”时，在否定句中可用so far as替换。‎ ‎①His parents supported him as_far_as_they_could.‎ 他父母竭尽全力支持他。‎ ‎②You can't walk as/so_far_as the end of the river.‎ 你不能走到河的尽头。‎ as far as sb./sth. is concerned　 就某人/某物而言 as far as the eye can see/reach 就视力所能及 as far as I can see 依我看 as far as I know 就我所知 ‎③As_far_as_I_know,_it is convenient to do shopping in that small town.‎ 就我所知，在那个小镇上购物很方便。‎ ‎ [联想发散]　根据汉语提示写出下列“as ...as”短语。‎ ‎①as well as　　　 既……又……；和……一样好 ‎②as good as 与……一样好；简直；几乎 ‎③as long as 只要；长达 ‎④as soon as 一……就……‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用manage和try的相关短语完成下面语段 No matter what happened, I ①tried_to_finish_my task on schedule. Luckily, with my teacher's timely help, I ②managed_to_finish_it ahead of time. ‎ 无论发生什么，我都会尽力按时完成任务。幸运的是，在老师的及时帮助下，我成功地提前完成了任务。‎ ‎2．用settle的相关词语完成下面语段 The millionaire decided to ①settle_his_affairs (解决自己的事务) when he could still think clearly. As one of the first settlers in California, he did earn a lot of money. With a lot of difficult problems ②to_settle (解决), he had hoped his secretary could help him. However, to his great disappointment, the secretary could not ③settle_down_to (着手认真做) anything.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．就我个人而言，户外运动不仅能使我们接近大自然，而且能让我们从沉重的学习任务中得以放松。‎ As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_not only does outdoor exercise get us close to nature but also give relaxation from heavy schoolwork.‎ ‎2．她更喜欢和我们一起去而不愿独自留下。‎ ‎①She preferred_to_go_with_us_rather_than stay behind alone.(prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.)‎ ‎②She would_rather_go_with_us_than stay behind alone.(would rather do sth. than do sth.)‎ ‎③She would_go_with_us_rather_than stay behind alone.(would do sth. rather than do sth.)‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 settle down， rather than， catch sight of， measure， manage， surround， impress， confirm ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我宁愿去澳大利亚也不愿去日本旅游。‎ I would travel to Australia rather_than Japan.‎ ‎②它不仅是观光者旅游的天堂，还是定居的好地方。‎ It is not only a traveling paradise for tourists but also a perfect place to_settle_down.‎ ‎③去年秋天，我和父母成功地去澳大利亚游览了一番。 ‎ Last autumn, my parents and I managed_to_travel_around Australia. ‎ ‎④我们一路看到道路被绿树围绕。给我们印象最深刻的是街道干净整洁。 ‎ We caught_sight_of_the_road_surrounded_by_green trees all the way. We were_greatly_impressed_by its clean and tidy streets.‎ ‎⑤到澳大利亚的这次旅行肯定了我的看法，即那儿是个美好的国度。‎ Travelling to Australia confirms_me_in_my_view_that it is a wonderful country. ‎ ‎⑥我觉得我们也应该采取有效措施把我们的国家建设得更美丽。 ‎ I think we should also take_effective_measures to make our country more beautiful.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用定语从句合并句①和句②‎ I_would_travel_to_Australia,_which_is_not_only_a_traveling_paradise_for_tourists_but_also_a_perfect_place_to_settle_down,_rather_than_Japan.‎ ‎(2)用定语从句合并句③和句④‎ Last_autumn,_my_parents_and_I_managed_to_travel_around_Australia,_where_we_caught_sight_of_the_road_surrounded_by_green_trees_all_the_way_and_we_were_greatly_impressed_by_its_clean_and_tidy_streets.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： and, so)‎ I would travel to Australia, which is not only a traveling paradise for tourists but also a perfect place to settle down, rather than Japan. Last autumn, my parents and I managed to travel around Australia, where we caught sight of the road surrounded by green trees all the way and we were greatly impressed by its clean and tidy streets. Travelling to Australia confirms me in my view that it is a wonderful country. So, I think we should also take effective measures to make our country more beautiful.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——由but连接的并列复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country.‎ 本句是一个由but 连接的并列复合句，前一分句是一个复合句，后一个分句是一个简单句。‎ ‎28岁的Jordan Axani与之前的女朋友Elizabeth Gallagher五月份定了打折很多的环球机票但现在他们的关系结束了，他不想把她的机票浪费了。‎ 真题长难句 Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then 本句是一个由but ‎ girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted roundtheworld air tickets in May, but their relationship ended and he did not want her ticket to go to waste.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ完形填空)‎ ‎ 连接的并列复合句，第一个分句是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，第二个分句是一个并列句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 加拿大留学合作项目 ‎260‎ ‎6分钟 ‎　　(2018·石家庄市高三质检)Among the international students in Canada who are struggling to find a job there after graduation, some eventually make it with relative ease. They're the ones who've already built up much internship (实习) experience while still attending university, as their majors offer a cooperative program.‎ Coop programs, a feature (特色) of Canadian university programs, allow academic studies to be combined with work experience. During school years, students get to network with employers, gain internship experience in relevant fields, and earn academic credits that count toward their degree or diploma.‎ Coop programs are available in most comprehensive universities, like the University of Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University and York University.‎ ‎ These programs are not only open to students majoring in business but also to many science and art majors. Statistics show that nearly 30 percent of recent foreign applicants have chosen majors that also subscribe to the Coop program. “It's easy to understand，” said a senior education counselor. He noted that working opportunities are provided by employers that build bridges with the university and most of them are wellknown companies or local government organizations. Moreover, the average salary for interns is as high as C$ 30,000 to C$ 40,000 a year.‎ Students can choose to work during vacations or termtime freely. The required duration of the internship for undergraduates ranges from eight to twelve months, or four to six months for graduate students. “The programs also benefit those students who want to apply for immigration，” added the counselor. “That's because the policies of many provinces in Canada require a certain length of work experience of the applicants.”‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了加拿大的一些大学针对留学生的合作项目，该项目为留学生提供了工作机会。‎ ‎1．What's the main characteristic of Coop programs?‎ A．They offer a variety of jobs in all fields.‎ B．They make academic credits easier to gain.‎ C．Employers work with students on their studies.‎ D．Students get work experience while at university.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。通读全文可知，第二段介绍了该项目的特点；根据第二段的第二句“During school years, students get to network ... count toward their degree or diploma.”可知，该合作项目的主要特点是学生可以在大学期间就获得工作经验，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the example of foreign applicants indicate?‎ A．Coop programs are becoming more popular.‎ B．The average salary for interns will increase.‎ C．Coop programs are open to all majors.‎ D．Companies welcome foreign students.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段的第三句“Statistics show that nearly 30 percent of recent foreign applicants have chosen majors that also subscribe to the Coop program.”可知，数据显示，将近30%的外国留学生选择的专业都支持该合作项目；据此可以判断，文中提及该例旨在说明该项目越来越受到留学生的青睐，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．Which section of a website does the text probably come from?‎ A．Business.　　　　　　 B．Education.‎ C．Lifestyle. D．Culture.‎ 解析：选B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加拿大的一些大学针对留学生的一种合作项目。该项目为留学生提供了工作机会。据此可以判断，本文与教育相关，可能来自网站上的教育版块，故B项正确。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 在线预订旅游 ‎283‎ ‎7分钟 ‎　　(2018·福州市高三质量检测)Booking a trip on an online travel site is convenient, but comes with its own set of problems.‎ ‎♦They know who's going to spend more.‎ Last year, US travel research company Orbitz tracked people's online activities to test out whether Mac users spend more on travel than PC users. It turned out that on average, Mac users lay out $20—30 more per night on hotels. As a result, online travel sites show these users more expensive travel options first. To avoid paying more, sort results by price.‎ ‎♦Their software doesn't always link the hotel's system.‎ A guaranteed reservation is almost impossible to come by anywhere — the risk of your flight or hotel being overbooked increases with third party providers. The middleman's software isn't immune (不受影响的) to system errors, so always call the hotel or airline to make sure your booking is processed.‎ ‎♦You could miss out on loyalty (忠诚) points.‎ Third party providers can get between you and frequent flyers miles ‎ or points. Many hotel loyalty programs don't recognize external sites, while others award only minimum points without special offers, like double points on hotel stays.‎ ‎♦Don't be fooled by packages: Often, they're lowend items grouped together.‎ Ever noticed how travel sites recommend a hotel, a rental car, and tour packages all in one click? These deals usually feature travel that no one wants, like flights with multiple layovers (中途停留). Check the fine_print.‎ ‎♦Once your trip is purchased, you're on your own.‎ An online travel agency can't provide assistance the same way an agent can if a flight is cancelled or a room is substandard. Basically, when you arrive at the airport or hotel, you're just another customer who booked at the lowest rate.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。虽然在线预订旅游方便快捷，但是仍然有一系列的问题，包括消费增加、第三方平台软件有时无法连上宾馆系统、错失消费积分、受网上旅游包服务项目欺骗等。‎ ‎4．What does the writer mainly intend to tell readers?‎ A．Tips of how to reserve flights online.‎ B．Problems of reserving a hotel online.‎ C．Notices about reserving a trip online.‎ D．Traps in reserving hotels and flights online.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。通读全文可知，第一段“Booking a trip on an online travel site is convenient, but comes with its own set of problems.”为文章主题句。结合下文内容可知，本文主要观点是：虽然在线预订旅游方便快捷，但是仍然有一系列的问题；据此可知，本文旨在提醒读者注意在线预订旅游过程中的一系列问题，故C项正确。‎ ‎5．Why do people probably spend more on their online reservations for trips?‎ A．They book at prices offered first by travel sites.‎ B．They are shown less expensive travel options first.‎ C．Some of the travel expenses are earned by Mac users.‎ D．Their flights or hotels are overbooked by tourist agencies.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“It turned out that on average ... expensive travel options first.”可知，在线预订的旅馆价格较高是因为在线旅行网站会先向用户展示价格更高的选择，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．Which of the following can replace the underlined “fine print”？‎ A．Detailed items. B．Discounted prices.‎ C．Good deals. D．Special services.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据该段标题“Don't be fooled by packages: Often, they're lowend items grouped together.”可知，该段主要提醒在线预订旅行的顾客不要受网上旅游包服务项目欺骗。结合该句“Check the fine print.”可以判断，该处表示要仔细检查服务条款，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．The third parties will provide good travel services online.‎ B．Few people book trips online because of possible troubles.‎ C．Travelers' interests may not be guaranteed with booking online.‎ D．Those booking trips online will benefit much from loyalty points.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了在线预订旅游的一系列问题，包括消费增加、第三方平台软件有时无法连上宾馆系统、错失消费积分、受网上旅游包服务项目欺骗等。据此可以判断，网上预订的旅行无法保证旅行者的利益，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·山西省太原市高三模拟)‎ Commonsense Safety Tips for Travelling Abroad When a holiday is just around the corner, you may be planning a trip abroad. But to enjoy a worryfree adventure abroad, you also should pay attention to the following commonsense safety tips for travelling abroad.‎ ‎__1__‎ Another reason to take only carryon baggage — besides avoiding baggage fees — is that the less you have to carry around, the more quickly you can move, if necessary. You should always have a free hand. Besides, you won't be exhausted from dragging all those bags around. __2__‎ Lock it up.‎ Leave your hotel with only what you need and lock up the rest. Take a lock for your luggage just in case your hotel doesn't offer a safe. __3__ If you don't need all your cash and cards, don't take them all with you when you go out for a day of sightseeing or shopping. Also, leave your passport in the hotel. Make photocopies of all your important documents and leave the hotel with a copy of your passport plus one photo ID. Why？__4__ If all of your identification is in it, imagine the trouble you'll have to go through to replace it all.‎ Think and plan.‎ Always keep in mind that, when you travel abroad, you are in a place you don't know well and you can always be a target. Trust your senses. __5__ After your arrival, ask the hotel staff and locals about the areas you are thinking of visiting, especially at night. And you should walk in welllit areas at night and know how to contact the local police with your cellphone or a payphone in a foreign country, if necessary.‎ A．Travel light.‎ B．Pay by credit card C．Imagine having your bag stolen off a restaurant table.‎ D．You should also make it a habit to take your watch with you.‎ E．Plus, dragging lots of bags is a dead giveaway that you aren't a local resident.‎ F．You should call ahead to be sure, especially if your luggage is made of cloth material.‎ G．You are smart and mature, so if something or some situation doesn't feel safe, it probably isn't.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了国外旅游的安全常识。‎ ‎1．选A　根据下文的“Another reason to take only carryon baggage ... quickly you can move, if necessary.”可推知，出国旅游带的东西越少越好，要轻装上阵，所以选A项。‎ ‎2．选E　根据上文的“Besides, you won't be exhausted from dragging all those bags around.”可推知，拖很多行李有很多弊端，故选E项作补充说明。‎ ‎3．选F　根据上文的“Take a lock for your luggage just in case your hotel doesn't offer a safe.”可知，此处在讲对行李的处理办法，所以选F项。‎ ‎4．选C　根据下文的“If all of your identification is in it, imagine the trouble you'll have to go through to replace it all.”可推知，事先给自己的重要证件复印很重要，所以选C项。‎ ‎5．选G　根据上文的“Trust your senses.”可推知，要相信自己的直觉，尤其是安全方面的，所以选G项。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·九江市高三二模)‎ Dear Tom，‎ How are you？I am just writing to tell you I had wonderful time at your place in New York.‎ I arrived home, safely and sound. I have something to ask for you. I have been looking through my bags for my favorite red shirt, or I can't find it somewhere. I'm sure I might have left it at your place. Could you look around your house for it? By the way, I am planning my parents' wedding anniversary celebration. I had already invited you and your parent. I wonder whether you would like to come to Chicago this time. What do you think of it? Take care of you and write to me soon. Giving my regards to Uncle Bernard and Aunt Norah.‎ Love，‎ Diana 答案：第二句：had后加a 第三句：safely→safe 第四句：去掉for 第五句：or→but; somewhere→anywhere 第六句：might→must 第九句：had→have; parent→parents 第十二句：you→yourself 第十三句：Giving→Give Topic 3　The United Kingdom (Book 5·Unit 2)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder ❶why different words are used to describe these four countries： England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.‎ First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and later the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by ❷getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.‎ To their credit the four countries ❸do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!‎ England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it ‎ is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You ❹find most of thepopulation settled in the south，but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have worldfamous football teams and some of them even have two！❺It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.‎ The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the AngloSaxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England.The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the AngloSaxons, left their language and their government.The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and placenames of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.‎ If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.‎ ‎❶why引导原因状语从句 ‎❷“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 ‎❸谓语动词前加助动词do/does/did，表示强调 ‎❹“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 ‎❺It is a pity that ...“令人遗憾的是……” ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．currency n．　　　　　　货币；通货 ‎2．longitude n. 经线；经度 ‎3．navigation n. 导航；航行 ‎4．architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术 ‎5．administration n. 管理；行政部门 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．consist vi. 组成；在于；一致 ‎2．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 ‎3．sightseeing n. 观光；游览 ‎4．quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架 vi. 争吵；吵架 ‎5．fold vt. 折叠；对折 ‎6．thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊 ‎7．alike adj. 相同的；类似的 ‎8．plus prep. 加上；和 adj. 加的；正的；零上的 ‎9．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明 ‎10．unwilling adj. 不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)‎ ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．description n．描写；描述→describe vt.描述 ‎2．convenience n．方便；便利→convenient adj.方便的；便利的 ‎3．unite vi.& vt.联合；团结→union n．联合；联盟；结合；协会 ‎4．enjoyable adj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的→enjoy vt.喜欢；欣赏→enjoyment n．享受；乐趣 ‎5．accomplish vt.完成；达到；实现→accomplishment n．完成；达到 ‎6．possibility n．可能(性) →impossible adj.不可能的→possible adj.可能的 ‎7．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．布置；整理；安排；筹备 ‎8．furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish vt.装修 →furniture n．家具 ‎9．attract vt.吸引；引起注意 →attraction n．吸引；吸引力；名胜→attractive adj.有吸引力的 ‎10．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delightful adj.快乐的；令人高兴的→delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．My house is located just off the High Street. It's convenient for you to drop in. Please come at your convenience.(convenient)‎ ‎2．He described the robbery in detail to the policeman and his description was very valuable — the police caught the robber in a short time.(describe)‎ ‎3．Blackpool is the top tourist attraction in England. A number of visitors from all over the world are attracted by the attractive scenery. (attract)‎ ‎4．Tony enjoyed the Chinese food in the restaurant; he said it was a very enjoyable dinner, and I appreciated the fact that he was in full enjoyment of the life in China.(enjoy)‎ ‎5．Nothing is impossible;_the poster inspires you to make efforts to achieve your goals. That's to say, it is possible to realize your dream if you work hard. Of course, there is also a possibility for you to fail even if you work rather hard. (possible)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．consist_of　　 　　由……组成 ‎2．in_memory_of 纪念 ‎3．refer_to 谈到；说到；参考；涉及 ‎4．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 ‎5．leave_...for_... 离开……前往……‎ ‎6．break_down (机器)损坏；破坏 ‎7．break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离 ‎8．divide_..._into 把……分成 ‎9．take_the_place_of 代替 ‎10．to_one's_credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．Nothing could take_the_place_of the family he had lost.‎ ‎2．It is much to_her_credit that Mary continued to work in spite of all the difficulties.‎ ‎3．Some advertisements consist_of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.‎ ‎4．My brother has just left Sydney for a tour of the world.‎ ‎5．The printing machines are always breaking_down,_which annoys him a lot.‎ ‎6．The thief broke_away_from the police and ran away.‎ ‎7．The town was named after Mr. Smith, in_memory_of his great contributions to its development. ‎ ‎8．I couldn't make sense of the passage. You must have left_out some important information while copying it.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.‎ 由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张清单。‎ ‎[解读]　worried about ... 为过去分词短语作状语。‎ ‎[仿写]　在森林中迷了路，我们不得不待在原地等待帮助。‎ Lost_in_the_forest,_we had to remain where we were, waiting for help.‎ ‎2．It looked splendid when first built!‎ 刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！‎ ‎[解读]　when first built是when it was first built的省略形式。‎ ‎[仿写]　刚被引入市场时，这些产品就取得了巨大的成功。‎ When_first_introduced_to_the_market,_these products enjoyed great success.‎ ‎3．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.‎ 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。‎ ‎[解读]　It seemed strange that ...“……似乎有点儿奇怪”，should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。‎ ‎[仿写]　看起来很奇怪他竟然拒绝了我们提出的行之有效的建议。‎ It seemed strange that he should_have_rejected the practical suggestion put forward by us.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施 ‎[教材原句]　England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.‎ 在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。‎ ‎(1)for convenience　　　　　　　　 为方便起见 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 ‎(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的 It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 某人方便做某事 ‎(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 ‎①If you are interested, please send an application email at your ‎ earliest convenience.(2015·陕西高考书面表达)‎ 如果你感兴趣，请尽早发申请邮件。‎ ‎②We can stay at home and watch films online. It's convenient (convenience) with our new and faster network.(2017·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 我们可以待在家里在线看电影，全新的更快的网络很方便。‎ ‎③In a word, wild release makes it much more convenient for us to_choose (choose) what books we like.(2015·重庆高考满分作文)‎ 总之，自由分享可以让我们更方便的选择我们喜欢的书籍。‎ ‎ [名师指津]　convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。‎ ‎2．attract vt.吸引；引起注意 ‎[教材原句]　It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.‎ 很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市没能吸引游客。‎ ‎(1)attract one's attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力 attract sb.to sth. 吸引某人关注某事 ‎(2)attraction n. 吸引力；引力；吸引人之物 tourist attraction 旅游景点 ‎(3)attractive adj. 有 吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的 ‎①China Today attracts (attract) a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建高考单选)‎ ‎《今日中国》吸引了世界范围的读者群，这显示了全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。‎ ‎②Sichuan Province is rich in tourist attractions (attract) and enjoys many worldfamous places of interest.‎ 四川省旅游资源丰富，它有许多世界著名的名胜古迹。‎ ‎③This attractive (attract) tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 这种引人入胜的旅游项目会带领你到旧金山最令人兴奋的假日景点。‎ ‎[名师指津]　attraction作“名胜；吸引人之物”讲时是可数名词；而作“魅力；吸引力”讲时是不可数名词。‎ ‎3．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理 ‎[教材原句]　They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company.‎ 他们没有时间筹备婚礼，所以他们让一家公司为其筹备。‎ ‎(1)arrange sth.for sb.　　　　 为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 arrange for ... to do sth. 安排……做某事 arrange that ... 商定……；安排……‎ ‎(2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备 make arrangements for 安排好……‎ ‎①Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 去年，Moran 从事于把Fats Waller的音乐安排为舞蹈会的一个项目。‎ ‎②I have arranged for_him_to_meet you at the hall on the first floor.‎ 我已安排他在一楼大厅与你会面。‎ ‎③If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 pm next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements (arrange)．‎ 若你感兴趣，请在下周四下午5点前到办公室报名，以便于我们做些必要的安排。‎ ‎ [名师指津]　(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth.，而不用arrange sb. to do sth.。‎ ‎(2)make arrangements (for sth./for sb. to do sth.)中的arrangement常用复数形式。‎ ‎4．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.& vi.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜 ‎[高考佳句]　 To my delight, I made gradual progress.(2014·福建高考书面表达)‎ 使我高兴的是，我渐渐地进步了。‎ ‎ (1)delight sb.with sth.　　　　　 用某物使某人高兴 delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐 ‎(2)take (great) delight in 以……为乐 with delight 高兴地；愉快地 to one's delight 使某人高兴的是 ‎(3)delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的 be delighted at/by 为某事而高兴 be delighted to do/in doing sth. 为做某事而高兴 ‎①He was very delighted at/by the news that he won the first prize in the competition.‎ 获得了此次比赛一等奖的消息令他很高兴。‎ ‎②I am very delighted to_tell (tell) you something about the College Entrance Examination.(2014·四川高考书面表达)‎ 我非常高兴告诉你有关高考的事情。‎ ‎5．conflict n．矛盾；冲突vi.冲突；抵触 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①The results of the new research would seem to conflict with existing theories.‎ ‎②The two companies often come into frequent conflict with each other as a result of competition.‎ ‎③她发现在将来的职业问题上与父母有冲突。‎ She found herself in_conflict_with her parents over her future career.‎ ‎6．possibility n．可能(性)‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Take your umbrella, because there's a possibility that it will rain.‎ ‎②There is no possibility of his coming tonight.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．This job doesn't pay well, but it'll roughly (rough) cover your daily expenses.‎ ‎2．She was delighted (delight) at her new home.‎ ‎3．It is thought that the scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond description (describe)．‎ ‎4．I think this was perhaps the most enjoyable (enjoy) occasion we have ever had at the White House.‎ ‎5．—Would you like to go to see the football match tonight?‎ ‎—Oh, sorry. I have arranged to_see (see) a film.‎ ‎6．The apartment consisted of three rooms.‎ ‎7．Will it be convenient for you to chat with me on the Internet tonight?‎ ‎8．Attracted (attract) by the movie starred in by Jet Li, I decided to see it again.‎ ‎9．Thank you for writing and allowing me to_clarify (clarify) the present position.‎ ‎10．We should not overlook this possibility that we can't arrive on time because of the weather.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．My husband arranged me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. arranged后加for ‎2．To his delighting, he got the first place in the maths exam.delighting→delight ‎3．Rainbow Valley is great tourist attraction, drawing many visitors every year.is后加a ‎4．Please come and see me for your convenience. for→at ‎5．She thrilled with terror when she saw the scene of the murder. She后加was ‎6．Conflict with others are common in everyday life, but we should settle them in a peaceful way. Conflict→Conflicts Ⅲ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．我非常高兴地告诉你，同学们和我已安排参观敬老院。(2015·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)‎ I'm pleased to tell you that my classmates and I have_arranged_a_visit_to a nursing home.‎ ‎2．那个项目在会上一经提出，就引起了许多人的注意。‎ As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted_many_people's_attention.‎ ‎3．我很高兴应邀前来贵校做演讲。‎ ‎①I am_delighted_to have been invited to your school to deliver a speech.(delighted adj.)‎ ‎②Much_to_my_delight,_I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech.(delight n．)‎ ‎③What_delights_me is that I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech.(delight vt.)‎ ‎4．如果你方便的话，应该多进行户外运动，它有助于你保持良好的心态。(2014·安徽高考书面表达)‎ ‎①If it_is_convenient_for_you,_you should do more outdoor exercise, which can contribute to you keeping up a good state of mind.(convenient)‎ ‎②At_your_convenience,_you should do more outdoor exercise, which can contribute to you keeping up a good state of mind.(convenience)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．consist of由……组成 ‎[高考佳句]　 Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.(2015·浙江高考单选)‎ 聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。‎ 　　　　 由……组成 ‎(2)consist in ＝ lie in 存在于；在于 consist with 与……一致/相符 ‎(3)consistent adj. 相容的；一致的 be consistent with 和……一致/相符 ‎①Five people make up the team; in other words, the team consists_of/is_made_up_of/composed_of five people.‎ 五个人组成了这个团队。换句话说，这个团队是由五个人组成的。‎ ‎②If what you say is not consistent (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.‎ 如果你言行不一，这将对你的孩子有不好的影响。‎ ‎[名师指津]　由consist组成的几个短语consist of/in/with都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。‎ ‎2．break down(机器)损坏；破坏；出故障；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败；破裂；(化学)分解；(身体)垮掉；崩溃 ‎[高考佳句]　He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.(2015·湖北高考)‎ 想到没把报纸都卖出去，他崩溃了。‎ ‎ [一词多义]　写出下列句中break down的含义 ‎①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败 ‎②Your health will break down if you always stay up late.(身体)垮掉 ‎③It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing.出故障 ‎④Plastic bags are difficult to break down.(化学)分解 break away from　　 脱离(政党)；打破(陈规、陋习)‎ break in 打断；插嘴；闯入 break into 闯入 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发 break up 分散；拆散；驱散；(关系等)破裂 break off 断开；折断 ‎⑤The room is in a mess. It must have been broken into.‎ 房间里一团糟，肯定有人闯入了。‎ ‎[名师指津]　break in和break into都表示“闯入”‎ ‎，但二者用法不同。前者不跟宾语，不用于被动语态；后者可以接宾语，可用于被动语态。‎ ‎3．It_seemed_strange_that the man who had developed communism should_have_lived_and_died in London.‎ 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。‎ 句中“It seemed strange that ...”意为“……似乎有点儿奇怪”，that从句中的should意为“竟然”，should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。‎ ‎①It is strange that the fridge we just bought should_have_broken_down.‎ 真奇怪，我们刚买的冰箱竟然坏了。‎ 在以下两种句型中，主语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ ‎(1)It is/was strange/important/necessary/natural/surprising ... that ...‎ ‎(2)It is/was suggested/ordered/required/desired that ...‎ ‎②It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time. However, it is important that we (should)_not_lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.(2014·福建高考书面表达)‎ 我们会因不时的失败而痛苦这是事实。但是，重要的是我们不应该失去继续尝试的热情。‎ ‎③It is required that the students (should)_learn (learn) a foreign language and the IT course.‎ 要求学生必须学一门外语和IT课程。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用break短语填空(break into, break down, break out, break away from)‎ ‎1．When my car broke_down on the freeway, many problems arose.　‎ ‎2．The police found that the house had been broken_into and a quantity of jewellery stolen.‎ ‎3．The boy tried to break_away_from his father but in vain.‎ ‎4．A fire broke_out in the house where my grandmother used to live.‎ Ⅱ.用consist短语完成下面语段 Life mainly 1.consists_of happiness and sorrow while happiness 2.consists_in struggle. Remember that your ideal life does not always 3.consist_with the reality.‎ 生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实一致。‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．在我看来， 在我们真实的生活中我们应该重视我们的朋友，而不是手机，这一点很重要。(2014·重庆写作一)‎ In my opinion, it_is_important_that_we_(should)_value_our_friends instead of phones in our real life.‎ ‎2．建议学校采取措施来帮助需要帮助的学生。‎ It is suggested that the school (should) take action to help the students in need.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 delighted，attraction，consist of，leave out，make a list of，take the place of，it may seem strange that ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我们很高兴有机会参观大英博物馆。‎ We are very delighted_to_have_the_opportunity to visit the British Museum.‎ ‎②没有其他博物馆能够取代大英博物馆，对于全世界游客来说它是一个旅游景点。‎ No other museums can take_the_place_of the British Museum. It is a_famous_tourist_attraction for tourists from all over the world.‎ ‎③大英博物馆包括九个展厅，其中一个就是中国展厅。‎ The British Museum consists_of nine showrooms, one of which is the showroom of China.‎ ‎④当你环顾展厅四周时，你可能会觉得奇怪，英国居然可以从中国拿去那么多珍贵的东西。‎ When you look around the showroom, it_may_seem_strange_that Britain should have taken so many valuable things from China.‎ ‎⑤游览大英博物馆，你最好把你想要游览的列一张单子，以免错过有价值的东西。‎ When you are visiting the British Museum, you had better make_a_list_of the things you want to see if you don't want to leave_out anything valuable.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)把句②改为一个含有定语从句的复合句 No_other_museums_can_take_the_place_of_the_British_Museum,_which_is_a_famous_tourist_attraction_for_tourists_from_all_over_the_world. ‎ ‎(2)用状语从句的省略改写句⑤‎ When_visiting_the_British_Museum,_you_had_better_make_a_list_of_the_things_you_want_to_see_if_you_don't_want_to_leave_out_anything_valuable.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇 We_are_very_delighted_to_have_the_opportunity_to_visit_the_British_Museum._No_other_museums_can_take_the_place_of_the_British_Museum,_which_is_a_famous_tourist_attraction_for_tourists_from_all_over_the_world._The_British_Museum_consists_of_nine_showrooms,_one_of_which_is_the_showroom_of_China._When_you_look_around_the_showroom,_it_may_seem_strange_that_Britain_should_have_taken_so_many_valuable_things_from_China._When_visiting_the_British_Museum,_you_had_better_make_a_list_of_the_things_you_want_to_see_if_you_don't_want_to_leave_out_anything_valuable.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——although/though引导的让步状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have worldfamous football teams and some of them even have two！‎ although引导让步状语从句，those代指these cities。‎ 产生于四年后拍The Sting电影的经历的这种友谊，根源于这个事实：尽管我们有年龄差异，我们都来自于戏剧和电视直播这种文化传统。‎ 真题长难句 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B)‎ 这是一个复合句，fact后是一个同位语从句，在这个同位语从句中，although引导让步状语从句。“The friendship had its root in the fact”是整个句子的主干，第一个that 引导的是定语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 英国滑铁卢桥 ‎245‎ ‎6分钟 ‎　　(2018·河北石家庄市高三一模)Few people are aware that Waterloo Bridge, crossed by thousands of daily commuters (通勤者) and celebrated as a London landmark, was mainly built by a female workforce.‎ There are no written or photographic records of the women who built the bridge since the construction company that built it closed in the 1980s and with it went all the records. What's left is anecdotal evidence,‎ ‎ kept alive by the tourist boat captains who have called it the Ladies' Bridge.‎ During the Second World War, with the majority of the active male labor force away at the front, women increasingly took on traditionally male roles. By 1944, 25,000 women were working in the construction industry, carrying out backbreaking tasks. These women were permitted to carry out this exhausting and dangerous work on the basis that it would only be temporary and that their pay would be lower than that of men. So the trend in women working in construction and engineering did not continue after the war.‎ September sees a series of events celebrating the unknown work of the large female workforce. Musician Claudia Molitor has created a 45minute musical entitled “the Singing Bridge”， which runs at Somerset House from 9 to 25 September. In late September, the “Light up the Ladies' Bridge” event sees the National Theatre's fly tower lit up by large scale photographic projections (投影) of female construction workers working in construction during the Second World War.‎ Let's all celebrate the women who have helped to build the cities in which we live.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国滑铁卢桥的历史、建造人、纪念活动等。‎ ‎1．Why do few people know about the builders of Waterloo Bridge?‎ A．The records of their work have been lost.‎ B．Female workers received little attention.‎ C．The construction took place long ago.‎ D．Few people know about the bridge.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“There are no written or photographic ... went all the records.”可知，自从20世纪80年代建造该桥的建筑公司倒闭以来，就没有妇女建造该桥的文字或照片记录了，所有的记录随着公司的倒闭都丢失了，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．Why did London women do the construction work?‎ A．It was a tradition in London.‎ B．They wanted to get a steady job.‎ C．The company offered them better pay.‎ D．Most men had gone to the battlefield.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“During the Second World War, with the majority of the active male labor force away at the front, women increasingly took on traditionally male roles.”可知，由于二战期间大部分男子上前线参战，妇女便不得不充当起了男子的角色，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What's the fourth paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The influence of the bridge on art.‎ B．A musician's contribution to the bridge.‎ C．The events in honor of the bridge builders.‎ D．Women's work during the Second World War.‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，该段第一句“September sees a series of events celebrating the unknown work of the large female workforce.”为该段主题句，该段主要介绍了在九月份举行的一系列纪念建桥者的活动，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．Which can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Female Workers on the Rise B．A Hidden Treasure in London C．A New London Landmark D．The Story Behind the Ladies' Bridge 解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了英国滑铁卢桥的历史、建造人、纪念活动等，重点介绍了该桥被称为“女士桥”的原因和其背后的故事，故D项最适合作本文标题。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 英国人的着装 ‎362‎ ‎8分钟 ‎　　(2018·福建高三质检)The English have a difficult and, generally ‎ speaking, dysfunctional (怪异的) relationship with clothes. Their main problem is that they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them. This helps to explain why they have an international reputation for dressing in general very badly, but with specific areas of excellence, such as highclass men's suits, ceremonial costumes, and innovative (革新的) street fashion. In other words, we English dress best when we are “in uniform”．‎ You may be surprised that I am including “innovative street fashion” in the category of the uniform. Surely the parrothaired punks (朋克摇滚乐迷) or the Victorian vampire goths are being original, not following rules? It's true that they all look different and eccentric (古怪的) but in fact they all look eccentric exactly in the same way. They are wearing a uniform. The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen, who pays no attention to fashion and continues to wear what she likes, a kind of 1950s fashion, with no regard for anyone else's opinion. However, it is true that the styles invented by young English people are much more eccentric than any other nation's street fashion. We may not be individually eccentric, apart from the Queen, but we have a sort of collective eccentricity, and we appreciate originality in dress even if we do not individually have it.‎ Another “rule” of behavior I had discovered was that it is very important for the English not to take themselves too seriously, to be able to laugh at themselves. However, it is well known that most teenagers tend to take themselves a bit too seriously.‎ The goths. in their scary black costumes, certainly look as if they are taking themselves seriously. But when I got into conversation with them, I discovered that they too had a sense of humor. I was once chatting to a goth in the full vampire costume — with a white face, deep purple lipstick, and black parrothair. I saw he was also wearing a Tshirt with “Goth”. “Why are you wearing that？” I asked. “In case you don't realize I'm ‎ a goth，” he answered, pretending to be serious. We both burst out laughing.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了英国人是如何着装的。‎ ‎5．What can we know about the English people?‎ A．They need rules to dress well.‎ B．They are in need of uniforms.‎ C．They are creative in general.‎ D．They lead the world trend.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“Their main problem is that they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them.”可知，英国人需要了解如何穿得优雅和得体，他们需要这方面的规则，故选A。‎ ‎6．Who is individually eccentric in dressing?‎ A．A highclass man.‎ B．A parrothaired punk.‎ C．The Queen.‎ D．The fashion innovator.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen ... anyone else's opinion.”可知，女王穿着古怪，故选C。‎ ‎7．Which of the following can best describe the goths?‎ A．They dress badly.‎ B．They dress in an amusing way.‎ C．They are unable to laugh at the way they dress.‎ D．They are less fashionable than the other English people.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It's true that they all look different and eccentric (古怪的)”和最后一段的内容可推知，那些哥特摇滚乐爱好者的穿着很古怪，故选B。‎ ‎8．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．How the English Dress B．How the English Admire Fashion C．Why the English Like Uniforms D．Why the English Are Eccentric in Dress 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据第一段的第一句“The English have a difficult and, generally speaking, dysfunctional (怪异的) relationship with clothes.”和全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是英国人是如何着装的，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·太原市第二学段测评)Eyes are a kind of language we use to express ourselves. Through one's eyes, we can __1__ sorrow, happiness or encouragement and many other __2__. Eyes are always one of the fastest and most direct organs to __3__ our thoughts.‎ I still remember an __4__ experience, which happened when I took part in a singing contest at the age of nine. It was the __5__ of my mother's eyes that encouraged me to go for it. I had showed great __6__ in singing before that. But I was too shy to sing in __7__. So one day my mother took me to __8__ up for the singing contest. With my mother's __9__ and encouragement, I was determined to meet that __10__. Standing on the stage, I suddenly found I became the __11__ of all the eyes. I got so nervous that I couldn't even __12__ my eyes open. When it was my turn to be introduced to the audience and sing, I became even more __13__. I felt my legs were shaking and my memory seemed __14__， as I couldn't remember anything. Searching for help, I __15__ my mother's eyes which were sparkling with encouragement and strong power. It seemed that they were __16__ to me, “Come on, Baby! Take it easy. I'll __17__ be with you！” I read the message through her eyes and at that moment I __18__ my confidence and began to sing my song. When I came down from the stage, she came up to me and gave me a __19__ hug, saying, “Great! I'm proud of you！” At that time, I found her eyes filled with tears of __20__. Sometimes, you see, just the encouraging eyes themselves can make a shy person brave.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。眼睛是人们表达情感的器官之一。透过眼神，人们可以读懂其中的喜怒哀乐。‎ ‎1．A.feel　　　　　　　　　　 B．read C．find D．cause 解析：选B　句意：透过眼神，我们可以读懂(read)其蕴含的悲伤、愉悦或鼓励等多种情绪。‎ ‎2．A.emotions B．passions C．expressions D．impressions 解析：选A　emotion“情绪，情感”。根据本句中的“sorrow, happiness or encouragement and many other”可推知，这里是指除悲伤、愉悦等其他情感。‎ ‎3．A.rewrite B．rebuild C．reveal D．repeat 解析：选C　reveal“揭示，表露”。句意：眼睛总是最快、最直接表露我们思想情感的人体器官之一。‎ ‎4．A.unbelievable B．unfair C．unable D．unforgettable 解析：选D　unforgettable“难以忘怀的”。根据下文可知，9岁时，作者在妈妈的鼓励下，参加了歌唱比赛。这段经历令作者难以忘怀。‎ ‎5．A.right B．power C．sense D．sight 解析：选B　power “功能，力量”。句意：就是母亲眼神所传递的力量鼓舞了我参加歌唱比赛。由15空后的“strong power”也可得到提示。‎ ‎6．A.interest B．pride C．surprise D．delight 解析：选A　interest“兴趣”。根据语境可知，9岁时作者就参加了歌唱比赛，这说明至此以前她擅长唱歌，对唱歌很感兴趣。show interest in ...“对……表现出兴趣”。‎ ‎7．A.audience B．school C．public D．hall 解析：选C　public“公开场合”。由“But”‎ 可知，虽然作者对唱歌很感兴趣，但太害羞而不敢在公开场合唱歌。in public“在公开场合下”。‎ ‎8．A.sing B．jog C．join D．sign 解析：选D　sign up for“报名参加……”，符合语境。‎ ‎9．A.cooperation B．company C．comprehension D．conduct 解析：选B　cooperation“合作”；company“陪伴”；comprehension“理解”；conduct“引导，指导”。根据语境可知，在母亲的陪伴和鼓励下，作者参加了歌唱比赛。‎ ‎10．A.challenge B．difficulty C．change D．discussion 解析：选A　challenge“挑战”。根据语境可知，在母亲的陪伴和鼓励下作者参加了歌唱比赛。这意味着她要面对挑战，克服害羞，在公众场合唱歌。‎ ‎11．A.distance B．direction C．focus D．front 解析：选C　focus“焦点，中心”。根据语境可知，站在舞台上，作者发现观众都看着她(多双眼睛聚焦于她)，慌了神。‎ ‎12．A.have B．make C．let D．keep 解析：选D　根据语境可知，作者站在舞台上，观众都看着她，她慌了，不敢睁开眼睛看。keep“使某物一直保持……状态”，这里是指作者“不敢让眼睛一直睁着”。‎ ‎13．A.curious B．nervous C．serious D．anxious 解析：选B　nervous“紧张的”。根据上文“so nervous”以及“even more”可知，当被介绍要唱歌时，作者感到更加紧张。‎ ‎14．A.gone B．brought C．missed D．left 解析：选A　根据下文“as I couldn't remember anything”可知，作者双腿打颤，头脑一片空白(失去记忆)。‎ ‎15．A.turned B．opened C．met D．raised 解析：选C　当作者慌乱无措渴求帮助时，她的眼神与母亲的眼神相遇了。从母亲的眼神中，她获得了鼓励和力量。‎ ‎16．A.telling B．passing C．sending D．speaking 解析：选D　根据下文“Come on, Baby ... ”可知，母亲的眼睛好像会说话，让作者加油，别紧张。speak to sb.“对某人说话”，符合语境。tell sb. sth.“告诉某人某事”，tell后接双宾语。‎ ‎17．A.usually B．always C．almost D．even 解析：选B　母亲的眼神鼓励作者加油，要她别紧张，母亲会一直陪伴其左右。always的频度大于usually，更能突出母亲对作者的关爱。‎ ‎18．A.regained B．recited C．received D．returned 解析：选A　regain“重新获得”。根据语境可知，作者读懂了母亲眼神的意味，因此重新获得了信心和力量，开始唱了起来。‎ ‎19．A.sudden B．blank C．big D．suitable 解析：选C　根据语境可知，当作者唱完从舞台上走下来时，母亲给了她一个大大的(big)拥抱，这体现了母亲的高兴和自豪。‎ ‎20．A.encouragement B．sorrow C．regret D．joy 解析：选D　joy“高兴”。根据语境可知，作者克服了害羞，成功唱完整首歌。母亲为之高兴、自豪，欣喜的眼泪夺眶而出。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·河北石家庄市高三质检) Whenever Prince George steps out for an engagement, like on the royal tour of Canada, or poses for __1__ (office) photographs, he only ever wears shorts, __2__ has long confused royal watchers.‎ According to William Hanson, __3__ expert in ceremony, there's a very good reason for this — and it has nothing to do __4__ fashion, but rather a royal tradition that __5__ (date) back to the sixteenth century. A newborn baby would __6__ (dress) in a gown for his first year or two. Then he was “breeched (穿裤礼)” and wore articles of clothing like shorts. The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old.‎ With times __7__ (change), middleclass boys began to wear trousers but they are considered suburban (呆板的) by the upper. Hanson explains, “__8__ is a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts.” The British upper are always keen to hold on to the tradition, and this also __9__ (silent) marks them out from “ the rest”. However, as for William and Kate, the __10__ (decide) to dress George in shorts is more likely down to the tradition than a class issue.‎ 语篇解读：George王子出访时总喜欢穿短裤，这其实与英国皇室传统有关。本文介绍了这一传统的渊源和人们的评价。‎ ‎1．official　空处修饰名词photographs，故用形容词形式。‎ ‎2．which　分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句；空处为关系词，指代前面的整句话，故用which引导。‎ ‎3．an　此处泛指“一个专家”， expert的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。‎ ‎4．with　have nothing to do with为固定搭配，意为“和……无关”。‎ ‎5．dates　that代指a royal tradition，在从句中作主语；该句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎6．be dressed　名词baby和dress之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎7．changing　此处为with的独立主格结构，times和动词change之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎8．It　分析该句结构可知，空处作形式主语，真正的主语由后面的动词不定式短语充当。‎ ‎9．silently　空处修饰动词marks，故用副词形式。‎ ‎10．decision　根据定冠词the可知，空处用名词形式。‎ Topic 4　A land of diversity (Book 8·Unit 1)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, ❶having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.‎ NATIVE AMERICANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.‎ THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, ❷whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is ‎ still a strong Spanish influence in the state. ❸That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 RussianAmericans living in and around San Francisco.‎ GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the AmericanMexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.‎ LATER ARRIVALS Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, ChineseAmericans live in all parts of California, ❹although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the “Chinatowns” of Los Angeles and San Francisco.‎ Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.‎ Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries.‎ MOST RECENT ARRIVALS In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. ❺Since its beginning in the 1970s， the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.‎ THE FUTURE People from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.‎ ‎❶现在分词短语作结果状语 ‎❷whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语 ‎❸That is why ...“那就是……的原因”‎ ‎❹although引导让步状语从句 ‎❺since引导时间状语从句，主句时态通常用现在完成时 ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．authority n．　　　　　　　权威；权力 ‎(pl.) 当局；官方 ‎2．miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的 ‎3．fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 ‎4．insert vt. 插入；嵌入 ‎5．illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．means n. 手段；方法 ‎2．justice n. 正义；公平 ‎3．occur vi. 发生；出现 ‎4．nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无 ‎5．hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用 ‎6．grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 ‎7．boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 ‎8．slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑动；滑倒 ‎9．reform vt.& vi. 改革；革新 n. 改革；改造；改良 ‎10．brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器 vt.& vi. 刹(车)；用制动器减速 ‎(三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓著 ‎2．punishment n．处罚；惩罚→punish vt.处罚；惩罚 ‎3．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n．选举 ‎4．applicant n．申请人→apply vt.& vi.申请→application n．申请 ‎5．indicate vt.标示；指出；表明；暗示→indication n．提示；表明 ‎6．conductor n．列车员；(公车)售票员；(乐队)指挥→conduct vt.指挥；管理 ‎7．majority n．大多数；大半→major adj.主要的；主修的 vi.& n．主修；专业→minority n．少数 ‎8．customs n．海关；关税；进口税→customer n．顾客→custom n ‎．风俗；习惯 ‎9．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地 ‎10．crossing n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道→cross n．十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生气的 vt.& vi.使交叉；横过→across prep.在……的对面；横过 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．“Walk across this street and turn left at the first crossing.” the boy told the lady.(cross)‎ ‎2．In the latest election,_Mary was elected chairwoman of the Student Union. (elect)‎ ‎3．The majority of freshmen are eager to change their majors after entering college, according to a recent survey.(major)‎ ‎4．Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)‎ ‎5．Any applicant who would like to apply to become an assistant in our company should send us an application before December 10. (apply)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．live_on　　　　　　　继续存在；继续生存 ‎2．by_means_of_... 用……办法；借助……‎ ‎3．back_to_back 背靠背 ‎4．a_great/good_many 许多；很多 ‎5．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生 ‎6．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作 ‎7．mark_out 用线画出范围；标出……界线 ‎8．apply_for 申请；请示得到 ‎9．take_in 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解 ‎10．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)‎ ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．In many countries, young people still keep_up the tradition that ‎ women will get married in a long white dress.‎ ‎2．By_means_of the Internet, we can keep in touch by sending emails.‎ ‎3．Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, applying_for a job in the company.‎ ‎4．It is honorable to make_a_life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.‎ ‎5．Although her husband died, the old lady lived_on for many years with an optimistic attitude.‎ ‎6．In the wild, different cats usually mark_out their own area, so other cats know to stay away.‎ ‎7．This price takes_in the cost of all the accommodation and food.‎ ‎8．You can team_up_with one other class member if you can't finish it on time.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.‎ 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。‎ ‎[解读]　it is likely that ...“有可能……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　对我们学生而言参观长城有可能是一次难忘的经历。‎ It_is_likely_that a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.‎ ‎2．That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。‎ ‎[解读]　That is why ...“那就是……的原因”。‎ ‎[仿写]　他迷恋电脑游戏，那就是他不得不辍学的原因。‎ He is addicted to computer games, and that_is_why he has to drop out of school.‎ ‎3．It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.‎ 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。‎ ‎[解读]　It is believed that ...“人们认为/相信……”，其构成为：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　人们认为澳大利亚的历史始于18世纪末期。‎ It_is_believed_that Australian history began at the end of the eighteenth century.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．majority n．大多数；大半 ‎[教材原句]　Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.‎ 在首批移居加利福尼亚州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。‎ ‎(1)a/the majority of ...　　 大多数……‎ in the/a majority 占多数 ‎(2)minority n. 少数 in the/a minority 占少数 ‎(3)major vi.& n. 主修；专业 major in 主修……；以……为专业 ‎①So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority (major) of people.(2014·安徽高考)‎ 因此，我们可以设想历史建筑物对于大多数人来说既有吸引力又很重要。‎ ‎②An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are (be) against it.‎ 看来达成协议是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员表示反对。‎ ‎③I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored in information management.‎ 我毕业于重庆师范大学信息管理专业。‎ ‎[名师指津]　the/a majority of＋名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。‎ ‎2．occur vi.发生；出现 ‎[经典例句]　It occurs to me that he might be interested in the problem we had discussed.‎ 我突然想起来他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。‎ sth. occurs to sb.　　　　 　 　　 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……‎ It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事 ‎①A great decline in young work force is likely to_occur (occur) in China, for instance.(2017·江苏高考)‎ 例如，中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少。‎ ‎②But it struck/hit (＝occurred_to) me that one shouldn't lose heart when in trouble.‎ 但是我突然想到一个人在陷入困境时不应该失去信心。‎ ‎③Didn't it occur to you to_phone (phone) them about it?‎ 关于这件事你难道就没想到给他们打个电话吗？‎ ‎3．hire vt.& n．租用；雇用 ‎[教材原句]　Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.‎ 同酒店里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。‎ ‎(1)on hire　　　　　　　　 出租 for hire 可供出租 ‎(2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把……租出去(给某人)‎ ‎①There are many bicycles on hire in this area.‎ 这地方有许多自行车出租。‎ ‎②There are three small boats available for hire.‎ 这里有三只可供出租的小船。‎ ‎③David used to hire his car out sometimes when he didn't need it himself.‎ 大卫过去常常在自己不用车时把车租出去。‎ ‎4．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①Donald Trump was_elected (elect) as the new President of the United States.‎ ‎②If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' afterclass activities.‎ ‎③He was elected the president of the company, and the news came, in fact, as a surprise.去掉第一个the ‎5．indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示 单句语法填空 ‎①There is a great deal of evidence indicating (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.‎ ‎②The way a person is dressed in is a good indication (indicate) of his/her character or personality.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．She was hired (hire) on the strength of her computer skills.‎ ‎2．It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.‎ ‎3．I wish to be considered as an applicant (apply) for the position.‎ ‎4．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment (punish)．‎ ‎5．Twenty head of cattle (cattle) were eating grass on the grassland when a wolf came over.‎ ‎6．“That's her，” said Toby, indicating (indicate) a girl on the other side of the room.‎ ‎7．The majority of the interviewees prefer (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.‎ ‎8．We are going to hold a meeting to_elect (elect) a new monitor tomorrow.‎ ‎9．Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.‎ ‎10．Great changes have taken place since our country reformed (reform) and was open to the outside world 40 years ago.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The majority of the students has passed their biology exam.has→have ‎2．Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him.去掉were ‎3．A great many of houses were knocked down in the earthquake.去掉of ‎4．We regret to inform you that our company has hired on another girl for the job of secretary.去掉on ‎5．Having punished by his boss, he was in a very bad mood.Having后加been ‎6．In fact, I didn't realize its importance until I was elected the monitor.去掉the ‎7．A large percentage of this hotel's income are from the visitors to the lake nearby.are→is ‎8．Business in China is boomed, and that trend is expected to grow.boomed→booming Ⅲ.一句多译/补全句子/同义替换 ‎1．我忽然想起来还没有交作业。‎ ‎①I_suddenly_thought_that_I_hadn't_handed_in_my_paper.(think)‎ ‎②It_occurred_to_me_that_I_had_not_handed_in_my_paper.(occur)‎ ‎③That_I_hadn't_handed_in_my_paper_occurred_to_me.(occur)‎ ‎2．依然有很多人认为开发太空有更多好处。(majority)‎ There are still a_majority_of_other_people_who_believe that space exploration has more advantages.‎ ‎3．There's plenty of research showing (＝indicating) that this is one of the best ways to lower your food budget.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．by means of通过；用……办法；借助……‎ ‎[教材原句]　Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.‎ 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。‎ by this means　　　　 用这种方法 by all means 当然可以；没问题；务必；一定 by no means 决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)‎ by any means 无论如何 ‎①In addition, we have more choices by_means_of wild release.(2015·重庆高考写作)‎ 此外，我们通过自由分享可以有更多选择。‎ ‎②Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.‎ ‎→Furthermore, by no means is_punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.‎ 此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。‎ ‎③Every possible means has (have) been tried, but none worked.‎ 每种可能的方法都试过了，但是没有一种起作用的。‎ ‎2．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生 ‎[教材原句]　Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.‎ 一些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚谋生，即使条件十分艰苦。‎ ‎(1)make/earn a/one's living　 谋生 ‎(2)live/lead a ...life 过着……生活 come (back) to life 苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气 bring ...back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力 ‎①She had to look for parttime babysitting jobs these years to make a living.‎ 这些年来为了谋生，她不得不去找临时保姆的活儿。‎ ‎②When Alice came_(back)_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.‎ 当爱丽丝醒来时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多久。‎ ‎3．take in包括；吸收；欺骗；理解；收留 ‎[教材原句]　It's a 79km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.‎ 这是一次79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中take in的含义 ‎①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.收留 ‎②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收 ‎③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括 ‎④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by ill people.欺骗 ‎⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解 take off　　　　　　　 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take over 接收；接管；取代 take up 占去；占据；开始从事；占用 take down 拿下；写下；记下 take back 收回；取回 ‎⑥The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here.(2017·天津高考)‎ 认为政府会接管无人驾驶车辆，把它们作为对公众有益的事物，这种想法是完全行不通的。‎ ‎4．That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。‎ This/That is why ...“这/那就是……的原因”。‎ this/that is because ...　　　 这/那是因为……‎ this is the reason why ... 这就是……的原因 the reason why ...is that ... ……的原因是……(why引导的是定语从句)　‎ the reason that ... is ...‎ ‎ ……的原因是……(that引导的是同位语从句)‎ ‎①The deadline is drawing near. This is why we are very busy.‎ 最后期限要到了。这就是我们很忙的原因。‎ ‎②The reason that he was ill yesterday was such a bad excuse.‎ 那个他昨天生病的理由真是个糟糕的借口。‎ ‎③The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up.‎ 他取得如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用means的短语填空 ‎①He insisted that all of us be there on time by_any_means.‎ ‎②You should by_all_means warn him before he leaves for Singapore.‎ ‎③The first step will take quite a long time and can by_no_means be accomplished overnight.‎ ‎2．用take的短语填空 ‎①It took_up a whole week to write the article.‎ ‎②She read a few poems, but did not take them in.‎ ‎③The company was in good condition when it was taken_over by his son.‎ ‎④It was not until he took_off his dark glasses that I recognized he was a famous star.‎ ‎3．用life或living的短语完成下列语段 Robert was a driver. He ①came_back_to_life (苏醒过来) after a serious car accident. He seemed not walk again, so he had to ②make_a_living (谋生) by begging on a wheelchair. He has been ③living_a_miserable_life (过着凄惨的生活) since then. How unlucky Robert was!‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．他没理解这个问题，所以他的回答没有切中要害。(that's why)‎ He did not understand the question. That's_why_his_answer_was_not to the point.‎ ‎2．她说， “今后该病毒可能会继续在年轻人群间引发严重疾病。”(it is likely that)‎ ‎“It_is_likely_that_the_virus_will_continue_to cause serious disease in younger age groups，” she said.‎ ‎3．长途跋涉之后，他们来到了被称之为“戈壁滩”的地方。(what从句作宾语)‎ After a long journey, they came to what_was_called “Gebi Desert”．‎ ‎4．据说在1891年12月21日，历史上第一次篮球比赛开始。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that ...)‎ It_is_believed/said_that on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 hardship，majority，nowhere，make a life，keep up，that is the reason why ...，a great many ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①美国拥有移民的数量是世界上最多的，其中大多数移民来自欧洲。‎ The number of the immigrants to America is the largest in the world, and the_majority_of_them_are_from_Europe.‎ ‎②世界上没有其他地方像美国一样吸引如此多的移民。‎ Nowhere_else in the world like America attracts_so_many_immigrants.‎ ‎③他们中许多人遭受了苦难和种族偏见但还是设法在那里开始了新的生活。‎ A_great_many of them suffered hardships_and_racial_prejudice but still managed to_make_a_new_life there.‎ ‎④他们费了很大的劲才逐渐适应了美国的生活，同时，他们的风俗被保持下来。‎ They had great difficulty in getting_adapted_to the life gradually in America and at the same time, their customs have_been_kept_up.‎ ‎⑤那就是我们认为美国是多元文化的国家的原因。‎ That's_the_reason_why we think America multicultural.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用定语从句改写句①‎ The_number_of_the_immigrants_to_America_is_the_largest_in_the_world,_the_majority_of_whom_are_from_Europe.‎ ‎(2)把句⑤改成含表语从句的句子 That's_why_we_think_America_multicultural.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇 The_number_of_the_immigrants_to_America_is_the_largest_in_the_world,_the_majority_of_whom_are_from_Europe._Nowhere_else_in_the_world_like_America_attracts_so_many_immigrants._A_great_many_of_them_suffered_hardships_and_racial_prejudice_but_still_managed_to_make_a_new_life_there._They_had_great_difficulty_in_getting_adapted_to_the_life_gradually_in_America_and_at_the_same_time,_their_customs_have_been_kept_up._That's_why_we_think_America_multicultural.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——宾语复杂的简单句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.‎ 本句是宾语复杂的简单句。that引导的是宾语从句。该宾语从句的宾语是“the Bering Strait”，它后面的部分都是状语，其中又包含一个which引导的定语从句，它修饰先行词“a land bridge”。‎ Terrafugia公司星期一说他们研制出飞行汽车并成功进行了第一次飞行，使飞行汽车下一年内销售的目标成为现实更进一步。‎ 真题长难句 Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car 本句是宾语复杂的简单句。主句的宾语是“that its new flying car has completed its first flight”，其后的“bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the ‎ within the next year. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C)‎ ‎ flying car within the next year”是结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 巴西 ‎270‎ ‎7分钟 ‎　　(2018·晋、冀、皖、豫高三联考)Beaches, rainforests, samba, soccer ... and, most importantly, people: it's hard not to fall for Brazil. In Aug., CNN released a list of things Brazil does better than anywhere else. The following are four of them.‎ Playfulness It's a key part of the Brazilian personality: a willingness to laugh at themselves and their awkward situations and to welcome others in on the joke. But despite their problems, Brazilians can put them aside and center their awareness completely on the here and now, which is something the rest of the world could learn from.‎ Music Brazil is a music universe, unrivaled (无与伦比的) in diversity of musical styles, instruments and rhythms. The world knows samba, a mix of European marches and African drumming, and bossa nova, a slower samba infused (注入) with French impressionism and American jazz. But Brazil's diverse population moves to the beat of many different drummers.‎ Partying Celebrating is a priority for Brazilians, whether it's on a large scale or just a backyard barbecue. They throw two of the world's biggest parties, Carnival (The street carnival of Rio de Janeiro is designated by Guinness World Records as the largest carnival in the world.), and the New Year's ‎ ‎ Reveillon celebration.‎ Kisses Getting to know people in Brazil is a fasttrack process. They don't care too much about personal and emotional space. A kiss on both cheeks is traditional for a male who has been introduced to an adult female, and two more kisses are given when leaving. In most of Brazil, there are two air kisses given in greetings. The first always goes to the right cheek, the second to the left.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，向我们介绍了巴西的一些特点，使我们充分领略了巴西独特的人文魅力。‎ ‎1．What can the world learn from Brazilians?‎ A．Keep the worklife balance.‎ B．Attempt to live in the moment.‎ C．Take part in cultural activities.‎ D．Express emotions openly and boldly.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Playfulness部分中的“But despite their problems ... world could learn from.”可知，巴西人能够把问题放到一边，把注意力集中在当下，即尽力活在当下这一点是世界其他国家应该学习的。‎ ‎2．How should a man by tradition greet a woman whom he is introduced to ?‎ A．Through air kisses.‎ B．Through a warm hug.‎ C．Through cheek kissing.‎ D．Through a firm handshake.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Kisses部分中的“A kiss on both cheeks is traditional for a male who has been introduced to an adult female”可知，当一位男性被介绍给一位成年女性时，亲吻女士的双颊是传统的打招呼的做法。故选C。‎ ‎3．What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?‎ A．To call on people to visit Brazil.‎ B．To highlight the customs of Brazil.‎ C．To present parts of Brazil's best bits.‎ D．To show the characteristics of Brazilians.‎ 解析：选C　作者意图题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“In Aug., CNN released a list of things Brazil does better than anywhere else.”可知，本文主要介绍的是巴西在世界上做得最好的几个方面。故选C。bit此处意为“一部分，小块儿。”‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 濒临消亡的语种 ‎260‎ ‎6分钟 ‎　　(2018·湖南省六校联盟高三联考)‎ Taktak tabulaba?‎ You probably don't know how to answer that question — unless you happen to be one of the about 430 people in the world who speak a language called Matukar Panau. Then you would know it means “What are we doing？” Matukar Panau is one of the world's rarest languages. It is spoken in just two small coastal villages in Papua New Guinea.‎ Several years ago, David Harrison, a language expert, didn't know much about Matukar Panau either. No one had ever recorded or even studied its words and rules. With so few speakers, the language risked disappearing soon. It was endangered.‎ Harrison didn't want that to happen to Matukar Panau. So in 2009, he set out for Papua New Guinea. His goal: use modern technology to help the remaining speakers preserve their native tongue.‎ But Matukar Panau is far from the only language facing loss. Studies suggest that by the end of this century, nearly half of the 7,000 languages now spoken worldwide could disappear. They're in danger partly because the only people left speaking them are elderly adults. When those individuals die, their language will die with them. In addition, children may discard ‎ a native language and instead use more common global languages, such as Chinese, English or Spanish.‎ In the United States alone, 134 native American languages are endangered. “Language hotspots” exist all over the world. These are places with endangered languages that haven't been recorded. They include the state of Oklahoma, pockets of central and eastern Siberia, parts of northern Australia and communities in South America.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Matukar Panau语是一种稀有语种，由于讲这种语言的人很少，这种语言面临消亡的危险；与此类似，到本世纪末世界上将有近一半的语言面临消亡，仅美国就有134种本地语言濒临消亡。‎ ‎4．What did Harrison go to Papua New Guinea for?‎ A．Learning their native language.‎ B．Helping preserve their endangered tongue.‎ C．Learning their modern technology.‎ D．Teaching the natives a new language.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，为了不让Matukar Panau语消亡，语言学家Harrison去了Papua New Guinea，帮助保护该语言，故B项正确。‎ ‎5．The underlined word “discard” in Paragraph 4 means “________”．‎ A．hear of　　　　　　　 B．pick up C．get rid of D．learn about 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“a native language and instead use more common global languages, such as Chinese, English or Spanish”可以判断，那里的孩子们可能不说这种本地方言，而是更多地讲汉语、英语和西班牙语等国际通用语言，故画线词意为“摆脱，丢弃”，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．The last two paragraphs imply that endangered languages are ________.‎ A．dying quickly in Siberia B．becoming a worldwide problem C．popular in some special places D．some native tongues 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Studies suggest that by the ‎ end of this century, nearly half of the 7,000 languages now spoken worldwide could disappear.”及最后一段的“‘Language hotspots' exist all over the world.”可以判断，濒危语言正在成为世界性难题，故B项正确。‎ ‎7．According to the passage, the author is ________ about the endangered languages.‎ A．indifferent B．suspicious C．supportive D．concerned 解析：选D　观点态度题。根据第四段的“But Matukar Panau is far from ... worldwide could disappear.”并结合全文内容可知，除了Matukar Panau语之外，到本世纪末，7 000种现存的世界范围内所使用的语言中将有近一半可能濒临消亡。据此可以判断，作者很担心这些濒危语言的消亡，故D项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·武汉市高中毕业班调研)‎ How to run international meetings As more of us do business across cultures, it's best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table. Here are four rules for different countries.‎ Stick to the schedule Where：Germany, Austria, Japan We've all been to meetings that have a loose agenda, if any at all. They don't start on time and they seem to repeat. __1__ Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. __2__ Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not communicating efficiently.‎ ‎__3__‎ Where: China, Malaysia, Singapore Debating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of “saving face”， which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment. Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting.‎ Enjoy the interruptions Where: Italy, France, Spain When Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain, he's no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late. Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting, he has learned that his colleagues there — and in some parts of France — attend based on their own timetable.‎ ‎__4__ Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation, he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed.‎ Please, no small talk Where: Finland, Sweden In places like Finland and Sweden, where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other people's time.‎ In some countries, including Finland, there are long pauses in the conversation. __5__ These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting.‎ A．Not so in these countries.‎ B．Germans and Austrians are similar.‎ C．Don't even think about a brainstorm.‎ D．There's often no way to tell how things are going.‎ E．Don't try to fill them, though, with small talk or anything else.‎ F．What do the long silences, idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context?‎ G．For Soboll, that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在不同国家如何成功地召开会议。‎ ‎1．选A　空处前两句介绍了常见的会议情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复；结合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”‎ 可知，日本人注意会议的细节，并在数天前就做好准备。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明并非所有的国家在开会时都会出现上述的情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复。故A项正确。‎ ‎2．选B　根据该部分中的“Where: Germany, Austria, Japan”可知，该部分主要介绍德国、奥地利和日本的开会习惯；空前一句已经介绍了日本的情况，结合空后一句“Meetings that run long in Germany are often ... efficiently.”可知，空处及下一句介绍德国和奥地利的开会习惯，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．选C　根据空处位置可知，空处为该部分标题，是该部分的主旨；通读该部分可知，该部分第一句介绍了在中国开会应当认真讨论，以防发生尴尬，第二句介绍在开会时不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潜在的错误；据此可知，该部分主要介绍要严肃认真地讨论会议议题，就事论事，不需要在开会前有什么“头脑风暴”，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．选G　根据上文中的“When Pascal Soboll”和“Rather than ... attend based on their own timetable”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法国人和西班牙人开会很随意，G项中的“Soboll”与该处相对应，故G项正确。‎ ‎5．选E　根据该部分标题“Please, no small talk”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，选E项，E项中的“them”与“long pauses”对应。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·南宁第二次适应性考试)As we all know, everyone have a dream. I have dreamed of being a doctor since I entered into the primary school.Nowadays with modern life go rapidly, many people suffer from different kind of diseases, both mentally and physically. As a result, doctors are in great need at home and abroad. My dream is to become successful doctor, helping to save people's lives. Although to be a good doctor was very difficult, I will do whatever I can to keep everyone health. To make my dream come true, I have told me over and over again that I'll concentrate more to studies. After all, only by working hardly can one succeed.‎ 答案：第一句：have→has 第二句：去掉into 第三句：go→going; kind→kinds 第五句：become后加a 第六句：was→is; health→healthy 第七句：me→myself; to→on 第八句：hardly→hard Topic 5　Meeting your ancestors (Book 8·Unit 5)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES A group of students (S) from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. An archaeologist (A) is showing them round.‎ A：Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China. It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology. You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. We've been excavating here for many years and ... ‎ S1：I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.‎ A：Good question. You are an acute observer. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.‎ S2：How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It ❶must have been very uncomfortable.‎ A：We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter.‎ S3：What wild animals were there all that time ago?‎ A：Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies. Now what ❷do you think this tells us about the life of these early people？(shows picture of a sewing needle)‎ S2：Gosh! That's a needle. Goodness, does that mean they repaired things?‎ A：What else do you think it might have been used for?‎ S4：Let me look at it. It's at most three centimetres long. Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone. I wonder how they made the hole for the ...‎ S2：(interrupting) Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material?‎ A：They didn't have material like we have today. Can you guess what they used?‎ S1：Wow! Did they wear clothes ❸made entirely of animal skins？ How did they prepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.‎ A：Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins. We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools. It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin. After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft. Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together. Quite a difficult and messy task! Now look at this. (shows a necklace)‎ S2：Why, it's a primitive necklace. Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It's lovely!‎ A：Yes, and so well preserved . What do you think it's made of?‎ S4：Let me see. Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.‎ A：How clever you are! One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside. Can you identify any other bones?‎ A：Yes, indeed, ❹as the botanical analyses have shown us， all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Probably there were fish in it.‎ S3：But a lake is not the sea. We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here?‎ A：Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys. We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals. They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals. ❺That's why they are called hunters and gatherers. Now, ❻why don't we go and visit the caves？‎ ‎❶must have done意为“一定/肯定……”‎ ‎❷插入语成分 ‎❸过去分词短语作后置定语 ‎❹as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句的内容 ‎❺why引导表语从句，表示结果，意为“这就是为什么……”‎ ‎❻why don't sb. do sth.用来提出建议 ‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．archaeology n．　 　考古学 ‎2．craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作 ‎3．punctuation n. 标点符号 ‎4．category n. 种类；类别；范畴 ‎5．excavate vt. 挖掘；发掘 ‎6．tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．alternative n．　　　可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的 ‎2．assume vt. 假定；设想 ‎3．interrupt vt.& vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 ‎4．accelerate vt.& vi. 加速；促进 ‎5．ripen vt.& vi. 使……成熟；成熟 ‎6．ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的 ‎7．primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的 ‎8．somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地 ‎9．arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留 ‎10．scratch n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹；挠；搔 vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．messy adj.脏的；凌乱的→mess n．脏；凌乱 ‎2．division n．分割；划分；分配；分界线→divide vt.分开；分割；划分 ‎3．analysis n．分析→analyses (pl.)分析→analyse vt.分析 ‎4．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌欢迎；欢呼；喝彩 ‎5．accuracy n．精确；准确→accurately adv.准确地；精确地→accurate adj.准确的；精确的 ‎6．starvation n．挨饿；饿死→starve vi.& vt. (使)挨饿；饿死 ‎7．skilful/skillful adj.有技巧的；熟练的→skill n．技术；技巧 ‎8．systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的→system n．系统；制度 ‎9．significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重大的；有意义的 ‎10．sharpen vt.& vi.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp adj.锋利的；尖锐的→sharpener n．磨具；削具；削笔刀 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．“Give her a big round of applause！” said the monitor, applauding ‎ the famous singer excitedly.(applaud)‎ ‎2．Bob is always accurate at figures and can accurately describe what he finds, so the accuracy of his report is beyond doubt. (accurate)‎ ‎3．The old man was starved to death.People felt pity for his starvation.(starve)‎ ‎4．The pencil sharpener is a tool which can sharpen a pencil to make it sharp to write fluently.(sharp)‎ ‎5．I have been so busy that I have no time to clean the mess,_so the house looks very messy.(mess)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．at_most　　　　　　　　　至多；最多 ‎2．cut_up 切碎；伤心 ‎3．care_about 在乎；关心；担心 ‎4．be_aware_of 意识到 ‎5．regardless_of 不管；不顾 ‎6．keep_out 关在门外；不准入内 ‎7．fed_up_with 受够了；饱受；厌烦 ‎8．look_ahead 向前看；为将来打算 ‎9．date_from/back_to 追溯到；始于 ‎10．with/in_relief 轻松地；欣慰地；如释重负地 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．He said the public must be made aware_of the dangers of passive smoking.‎ ‎2．The history of this country can date_from/back_to the Stone Age.‎ ‎3．The passengers all sighed with/in_relief when the plane finally landed safely.‎ ‎4．Drunk drinking should be regarded as crime regardless_of whether the driver causes a crash.‎ ‎5．The little boy is required to play computer games for at_most 2 hours ‎ a day.‎ ‎6．Whenever we are in trouble, we must look_ahead and encourage ourselves.‎ ‎7．She cut_up the carrots and put them in the pot.‎ ‎8．In the end, I just got fed_up_with his constant complaining.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1. It must have been very uncomfortable.‎ 它一定非常的不舒服。‎ ‎[解读]　“must have＋过去分词”表示“对过去事情的肯定猜测”。‎ ‎[仿写]　许多考古学家都认为人类在至少几千年前就已经到达了澳大利亚的西北部。‎ Many archaeologists argue that humans must_have_arrived_in northwest Australia at least several thousand years ago.‎ ‎2．If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！‎ ‎[解读]　此句用了虚拟语气。if only ...意为“要是……就好了”。‎ ‎[仿写]　要是我住在中国就好了，我肯定去过许多旅游胜地了。‎ If_only_I_had_lived_in_China,_I would have been to many tourist attractions. ‎ ‎3．Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.‎ 突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。‎ ‎[解读]　only to do sth.“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况。‎ ‎[仿写]　他匆匆忙忙地赶往剧院，结果被告知票已卖完。‎ He hurried to the theatre, only_to_be_told that the tickets had been sold out.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．alternative adj.供选择的；其他的n.可能的选择；选择对象 ‎[经典例句]　Maybe you can come up with an alternative suggestion concerning the location of the new market.‎ 也许你能提出一个其他的与当地新兴市场的位置有关的建议。‎ ‎(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择 there's no alternative ... ……别无选择 ‎(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地；或者 ‎①We have no alternative but to_go (go) on.‎ 我们别无选择只好继续下去。‎ ‎②Come with us, alternatively (alternative), meet us there.‎ 同我们一道去，或者在那儿与我们会面。‎ ‎③There was no choice (＝alternative) for them to vote in favor.　‎ 他们别无选择，只有投票赞成。‎ ‎[写作联想]　例句①的其他表达方式 ‎①We have no choice but to go on.‎ ‎②We can't help but go on.‎ ‎③We can do nothing but go on.‎ ‎2．interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 ‎[教材原句]　I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?‎ 对不起，打断了你的讲话，但他们是怎么住在这儿的？‎ ‎(1)interrupt ...(with sth.)　　 (因某事)打断……‎ be interrupted by 被……打断 ‎(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物 without interruption 连续地；不断地 ‎①There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had_interrupted (interrupt) me that evening.‎ 有人敲门，那是那天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。‎ ‎②After the interruption (interrupt), we picked up where we had left ‎ off.‎ 被打断以后，我们又从原先停顿的地方继续下去。‎ ‎3．assume vt.假定；设想 ‎[教材原句]　So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.‎ 因此，我们有理由设想他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。‎ ‎(1)assume ... to be ...　 　　 假定/假设……是……‎ It is assumed that ... 一般认为……；假定……‎ ‎(2)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 on the assumption that ... 假定……‎ ‎(3)assume/assuming (that) ... 假设/假定……‎ ‎①Assuming/Assume (assume) that you are chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, what will you do? 　‎ 假设你被选为北京冬奥会的志愿者，你会做什么？　‎ ‎②A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.‎ 许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。‎ ‎③It_is_assumed_that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.‎ 一般认为全球变暖和气候改变在将来会引起更多的灾难。‎ ‎[联想发散]　类似assuming作介词或连词的单词有：‎ ‎①supposing conj.　　　　　　 假设；假如 ‎②provided/providing conj. 假设；如果 ‎③concerning prep. 关于 ‎④including prep. 包括；包含 ‎⑤given prep. 鉴于；考虑到 ‎⑥considering prep.& conj. 鉴于；考虑到 ‎4．significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 ‎[经典例句]　The conclusion has practical significances to our ‎ countries' market reform.‎ 这一结论对我国市场化改革具有现实意义。‎ ‎(1)be of significance to ... 　　　 对……有重要意义 attach significance to ... 认为……重要 ‎(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的 It is significant that ... 很明显……‎ ‎①In my view, practicing handwriting is very significant ‎ ‎(＝of_great_significance) to the students' growth.‎ 我认为，练习书法对学生的成长有重要意义。‎ ‎②As time going by, I attach more great significance to doing what I am doing now.‎ 随着时间的推移，我更加重视我现在所做的了。‎ ‎③It_is_significant_that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.‎ 很明显，现今纤维仍然被认为是健康饮食的一个重要部分。‎ ‎[联想发散]　常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语有：‎ ‎①be of significance＝be significant ‎②be of importance＝be important ‎③be of value＝be valuable ‎④be of help＝be helpful ‎5．starvation n．挨饿；饿死 单句语法填空 ‎①The lonely student is starving for friendship.‎ ‎②Once our supplies have been used up, we will take the risk of starving to death.‎ ‎③Tens of thousands of people die from starvation (starve) each year due to the lack of food.‎ ‎6．sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；磨光；清晰；(使)改善 单句语法填空 ‎①However, views among students differ sharply (sharp) as the following discussion.‎ ‎②There are many different kinds of erasers and pencil sharpeners (sharp) in this shop.‎ ‎③Working hard can sharpen (sharp) our characters and equip ourselves with good qualities, which are crucial to be an allround person.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is assumed that stress is mainly caused by too much work.‎ ‎2．If you study in a systematic (system) way, you won't leave anything out.‎ ‎3．The plants need the right amount of sunlight and rain to grow and ripen (ripe)．‎ ‎4．If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.‎ ‎5．She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption (interrupt)．‎ ‎6．The mechanic (机械师) who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen (sharp) his tools.‎ ‎7．The escaped prisoner got arrested (arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.　‎ ‎8．Scientists have_identified (identify) more than forty chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals.‎ ‎9．In contrast to our ignorance of saving food, many people especially those in povertystricken areas are suffering from starvation (starve)．‎ ‎10．The more we are aware of the significance (significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I had no alternative but report him to the headteacher.report前加to ‎2．Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest.Assumed→Assuming/Assume ‎3．He could have finished it on schedule, but anyhow he fell behind.anyhow→somehow ‎4．I'm very sorry to interrupt with you, but I have something very important to tell you.去掉with ‎5．The significance attaching to a national day is very different from country to country.attaching→attached ‎6．Some people are often seen spit in public places.spit→spitting Ⅲ.一句多译/补全句子/翻译句子 ‎1．假如目前的情况会继续下去。(assume)‎ ‎①Let's_assume_the_present_situation_to_be_continued.‎ ‎②Assuming/Assume_that_the_present_situation_to_be_continued.‎ ‎③It_is_assumed_that_the_present_situation_to_be_continued.‎ ‎2．做运动很重要。(significance)‎ Taking exercise is of_great_significance.‎ ‎3．他别无选择只好放弃他真正喜欢的东西。‎ He_has_no_alternative/choice_but_to_put_aside_what_he_really_likes.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．regardless of不管；不顾 ‎[教材原句]　So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.‎ 因此，我们有理由设想他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。‎ ‎(1)regardless of 强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可接whether, what引导的从句。‎ ‎(2)despite/in spite of 意为“尽管……但是……”，其后常接名词，不接从句。‎ ‎(3)as regards/with regard to 关于；至于 ‎①Regardless__of what happened yesterday and what may or may not happen ‎ tomorrow, the present moment is where we are.‎ 不管昨天发生了什么，也不管明天可能发生或者不会发生什么，现在才是我们关注的所在。‎ ‎②In_spite_of/Despite her terrible illness, she worked hard and succeeded in the scientific research field.‎ 尽管她病得厉害，但是她还是努力工作并在科研领域取得了成功。‎ ‎③With regard to reading, there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes.‎ 关于阅读，有句名言：“一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特！”‎ ‎2．date back to追溯到；始于 ‎[经典例句]　His family can be dated back to the 17th century.‎ 他的家族可追溯到17世纪。‎ date from　　　　　 追溯到；始于 up to date 时髦的；最新的 out of date 过时的 ‎①According to the expert, the vase has a history dating (date) from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.‎ 据那个专家说这个花瓶年代久远，可追溯到初唐时期。‎ ‎②He is always right up to date in his information about this subject.‎ 在这个学科上，他一向掌握最新的情报。‎ ‎[名师指津]　date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。‎ ‎3．If_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!‎ 她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！‎ if only ... “要是……就好了”，用来表达愿望，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。‎ ‎(1)if only ... had done ... 表示与过去事实相反的愿望 ‎(2)if only ... did ... 表示与现在事实相反的愿望 ‎(3)if only ... could/would/might do ...‎ ‎ 表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)‎ ‎①If only she had_not_left (leave) her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. ‎ 要是她当时不把手机放在汤姆的那个包里就好了。‎ ‎②If only I hadn't_informed (not inform) her of the news, she wouldn't have felt so sad.‎ 要是我不告诉她这个消息就好了，她就不会如此伤心了。‎ ‎③If only I had (have) more time to study.‎ 要是我有更多的时间来学习就好了。‎ ‎④Only if we know what we do in our daily life and live a lowcarbon life can_we_make a difference.‎ 只有我们知道在日常生活中做什么并且过低碳生活，我们才能创造不同。‎ ‎[名师指津]　only if中的only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”。 另外，“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用date的短语填空 ‎①Cassette tape recorders and radios are all out_of_date now.‎ ‎②Mother, you must get more up_to_date with modern styles!‎ ‎③We are going to visit an old temple dating_back_to/dating_from the 12th century.‎ ‎2．用regardless及其相关的短语完成下面语段 ‎①Despite/In_spite_of (尽管) the vase looks very beautiful and rare, it indeed dates back to the period of the Republic of China. ②As_regards/With_regard_to (至于) its price, it is worth 3 thousand yuan at most ③regardless_of (不管) its material.‎ Ⅱ.翻译或补全句子 ‎1．要是当时闹钟响了就好了。(if only)‎ If_only_the_alarm_clock_had_rung.‎ ‎2．格林先生一定因为昨天在会上鲁莽的行为被处罚了，是吗？ (must have done)‎ Mr. Green must_have_been_punished for his being rude at the meeting yesterday, didn't he?‎ ‎3．我匆匆地赶去邮局，却发现它已经关门了。(only to do)‎ I hurried to the post office, only_to_find__it_closed.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 fed up with，alternative，look ahead， significance，regardless of ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①李华是我校的一名高三学生，他对每天无休止的练习感到厌烦。‎ Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, is_fed_up_with the endless exercises every day.‎ ‎②他常常对自己说，“要是我现在是一名大学生该多好啊！”‎ He often says to himself, “How I wish I were_a_college_student！”‎ ‎③尽管他渴望能好好休息一下，但日复一日，他不得不埋头于学习中。‎ Regardless_of_the_fact_that he is eager to have a good rest, he has to bury himself in study day after day.‎ ‎④展望未来，他明白考上一所名校对他来说意义重大。‎ Looking_ahead,_he knows it_is_of_great_significance_for_him_to_enter a famous university.‎ ‎⑤除了努力学习，他别无选择。‎ He has_no_alternative_but_to_study_hard.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用if only虚拟语气句升级句②‎ He_often_says_to_himself,_“If_only_I_were_a_college_student！”‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： and)‎ Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, is fed up with the endless exercises every day. He often says to himself, “If only I were a college ‎ student！” Regardless of the fact that he is eager to have a good rest, he has to bury himself in study day after day. Looking ahead, he knows it is of great significance for him to enter a famous university, and he has no alternative but to study hard.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——宾语从句＋定语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.‎ 第一个that引导的宾语从句作“be aware”的宾语；该从句中包含“it's ...that ...”强调句型，该强调句中又包含who引导的定语从句。‎ 早在1983年，科学家Jack Schultz 和Ian Baldwin就报道说被昆虫咬的枫树幼苗会发出一种特殊的香味，这种香味周围的植物也能收到。‎ 真题长难句 Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D)‎ that引导的宾语从句作动词reported的宾语；该宾语从句中又包含“that neighboring plants can get”定语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 都江堰 ‎323‎ ‎8分钟 ‎　　(2018·广州市高三综合测试)Dujiangyan is the oldest manmade water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometres of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.‎ In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region's governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.‎ The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead, Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.‎ Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention of gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20metrewide canals were carved through the mountain.‎ Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature — unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets ‎ water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了都江堰这一水利工程。‎ ‎1．What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?‎ A．Reducing flooding and watering farmland.‎ B．Protecting the mountain and reducing flooding.‎ C．Watering farmland and improving water quality.‎ D．Drying the river and supplying cities with water.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“Built over 2,200 years ago ... provide water for 50 cities in the province.”可知，都江堰灌溉着6 000多平方千米的农田，泄洪的同时还为四川省50个城市供水。故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What was the main cause of the Minjiang River's flooding?‎ A．Heavy rain.　　　　　　 B．Melting snow.‎ C．Low river banks. D．Steep mountains.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“They studied the problem ... melt as the weather warmed.”可知，岷江泛滥的原因是天气转暖时附近山顶的积雪融化，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．How was Li Bing able to break the rocks of Mount Yulei?‎ A．By using gunpowder.‎ B．By flooding the rocks with water.‎ C．By applying a heating and cooling technique.‎ D．By breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句“He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed.”可知，李冰综合使用火加热和水冷却的技术开凿岩石，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?‎ A．It preserves much of the natural river life.‎ B．It took very little time to complete the project.‎ C．The building techniques used were very modern.‎ D．It has raised the living standard of the local people.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，都江堰工程至今仍然受到全世界科学家称赞的原因是该工程使用了疏导法，让洪水从岷江自然流出，保证了生态系统和鱼群的和谐共存，故A项正确。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 爷爷与我 ‎354‎ ‎8分钟 ‎(2018·河北省衡水中学高三二模)The last time I saw him was twelve years ago. Twelve years has passed, and I still remember eating pomegranates (石榴) while his thin hands combed through my hair. To this day, I still remember stories my grandfather used to tell me. As a child living in Korea, my grandfather was my closest friend, the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides. We were inseparable from the moment we awoke until I fell asleep in his arms. I ate the food he prepared, and he was my pillow and storyteller. Little did we know that a day would come when his first granddaughter would leave. My father was to be stationed in the United States and time would blur (使……变模糊) our images of each other.‎ On the summer of my sixteenth birthday, I would see my grandfather again. On the plane, thoughts of him ran through my mind during all 14 hours of the flight. Would he look the same? Would he be healthy? Did he still have the pictures I drew for him? Most importantly, would he remember me? I was short then and always smiling. He dressed me. Twelve years later, I was taller and had a different figure. I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style. I was scared he wouldn't recognize I was his granddaughter.‎ I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfather's house, where we found him pacing back and forth, awaiting my arrival. He looked the same, and as soon as I stepped out of the car and faced him, I began to cry. He ran toward me. “Tina！” My grandfather kept yelling. We met each other with open arms and he whispered, “I've ‎ been waiting for my granddaughter to come home. I missed you, my little Tina. Welcome home.” Our eyes filled with tears as we walked up the stairs, arm in arm, telling each other all the events we had missed in each other's life. He did remember. After all, I am his first granddaughter.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从小生活在爷爷身边，四岁时随父亲到美国定居，十二年后再次回去见爷爷，一路上总是担心爷爷认不出自己，但没想到一下车爷爷就认出了“我”。‎ ‎5．It can be inferred that in childhood the author always ________.‎ A．ate the food her grandmother prepared B．remembered the stories her grandmother told C．rode on her grandfather's back D．got on well with her father 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段第四句“As a child living in Korea ... for back rides.”可知，“我”每天都和爷爷在一起，骑在他背上玩耍。故答案选C。‎ ‎6．How old was the author when she left her grandfather?‎ A．About 12 years old.　　 B．About 6 years old.‎ C．About 4 years old. D．About 2 years old.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，“我”最后一次见到爷爷是十二年前；根据第二段第一句可知，十六岁生日的那年夏天“我”再次见到了爷爷；由此可推知，作者是在四岁的时候离开爷爷的。故答案选C。‎ ‎7．Why did the author think her grandfather probably would not make her out?‎ A．Because her grandfather was forgetful.‎ B．Because she was already a “big girl”．‎ C．Because she was already an American.‎ D．Because her grandfather was too old.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was short then ... my own sense of style.”可知，十二年后，“我”长高了，形象不一样了，所以担心爷爷认不出“我”。故答案选B。‎ ‎8．The author met her grandfather ________.‎ A．in the airport B．by herself C．with her parents D．with her relatives 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfather's house”可知，作者是和亲戚一块去见爷爷的。故答案选D。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·安徽合肥市第一次质量检测)Ask someone for their first memory and they will often give some fairly dull possibilities and not be sure which comes first. However, I have no __1__ at all about mine. The earliest thing I recall is looking down and seeing flames coming out of my __2__.‎ It was a Sunday afternoon in July 1981 when I __3__ fire. I was in the garden with my dad. It was a sunny day but slightly breezy (有微风的). I was standing nearby as my dad __4__ to light the barbecue. After several failed attempts, __5__ he had to use some sort of accelerant (助燃剂). It caused a small fireball, which was flying towards me __6__ the breeze suddenly __7__ in my direction. That's where the __8__ memory of my burning ankles kicks in. My dad __9__ fast. He dashed indoors, grabbed a large blanket and __10__ to wrap me in it.‎ The next thing I remember is sitting on a chest, feeling hot and __11__ water over and over again; then being driven to a __12__. I underwent lots of skin operations and for weeks I wasn't able to bend my legs, which had to be wrapped in bandages. __13__ this period, I don't recall experiencing pain. It was only when I __14__ what an exciting summer my sister was having that my situation began to seem __15__.‎ We've never talked much about the __16__— my dad has never been an especially __17__ person. Now that I have kids of my own, I do sometimes wonder what he __18__. I've never felt any __19__ at him, and I recognize that but for his swift actions the situation could have been __20__. But I'd certainly never have a barbecue with my kids.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”回忆了自己人生中与父亲一起经历的难以忘记的事情。‎ ‎1．A.choice B．idea C．doubt D．worry 解析：选C　根据空前的“they will often give some fairly dull possibilities and not be sure which comes first”和空后的“The earliest thing I recall”的对比可知，此处表示“我”对于自己的记忆毫不怀疑。‎ ‎2．A.ankles B．blanket C．sleeves D．belly 解析：选A　根据下文的“That's where the __8__ memory of my burning ankles kicks in.”可知，此处应选A。‎ ‎3．A.exchanged B．set C．held D．caught 解析：选D　那是1981年7月的一个周日的下午，“我”的脚踝处着火了。catch fire“着火”。‎ ‎4．A.tended B．struggled C．refused D．managed 解析：选B　根据下文的“After several failed attempts”可知，父亲的几次尝试都失败了，所以此处表示父亲需要努力点燃烧烤架。‎ ‎5．A.eventually B．gradually C．interestingly D．fortunately 解析：选A　根据上文的“After several failed attempts”可知，此处指父亲经过了多次的尝试，最终不得不使用助燃剂。‎ ‎6．A.before B．unless C．though D．as 解析：选D　因为风向突然改变，火球朝“我”这边飞来。as“因为”，引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎7．A.stopped B．howled C．changed D．dropped 解析：选C　参见上题解析。stop“停止”；howl“大声叫喊”； change“‎ 改变”；drop“落下”。‎ ‎8．A.vivid B．sweet C．precious D．vague 解析：选A　根据上文的“However, I have no __1__ at all about mine.”可知，此处表示“我”着火的脚踝留给了“我”清晰的记忆。‎ ‎9．A.hid B．acted C．escaped D．approached 解析：选B　根据下文的“He dashed indoors, grabbed a large blanket”可知，此处指父亲看到这种情景后行动很快。‎ ‎10．A.got away B．broke in C．stood by D．ran back 解析：选D　根据上文的“He dashed indoors”可知，此处指父亲又从屋内跑回来。‎ ‎11．A.waiting for B．asking for C．paying for D．searching for 解析：选B　“我”记得的下一件事情是坐在大箱子上，感觉热，然后反复地要水喝。‎ ‎12．A.hospital B．pool C．café D．gym 解析：选A　根据下文的“I underwent lots of skin operations and for weeks I wasn't able to bend my legs, which had to be wrapped in bandages.”可知，此处指“我”被送到医院。‎ ‎13．A.Thanks to B．But for C．Throughout D．After 解析：选C　根据上文的“for weeks”可知，此处指在这整个期间。‎ ‎14．A.realized B．imagined C．predicted D．explained 解析：选A　当“我”意识到“我”的妹妹有一个令人兴奋的夏天的时候，“我”的状况才开始看起来难以忍受。‎ ‎15．A.ridiculous B．acceptable C．satisfactory D．unbearable 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎16．A.illness B．conflict C．accident D．visit 解析：选C　我们从来不过多地谈论这次事故。illness“疾病”；conflict“冲突”；accident“事故”；visit“参观”。‎ ‎17．A.strict B．open C．shy D．honest 解析：选B　根据上文的“We've never talked much about the __16__”可知，此处指父亲不是一个性格特别开朗的人。‎ ‎18．A.gave away B．took over C．went through D．looked into 解析：选C　“我”有了自己的孩子，有时“我”很想知道父亲当时经历了什么。go through“经历”；give away“泄露，分发，赠送”；take over“接管”；look into“调查”。‎ ‎19．A.sympathy B．anxiety C．guilt D．anger 解析：选D　“我”从来不对父亲感到生气。sympathy“同情”；anxiety“忧虑”；guilt“内疚”；anger“怒气”。‎ ‎20．A.worse B．simpler C．stranger D．clearer 解析：选A　“我”意识到要不是父亲当时快速的行动，情况可能会更加糟糕。worse“更糟的”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·江西省名校联盟高三教学质量检测)‎ Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu, __1__ (especial), has had a great effect __2__ the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other __3__ (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the __4__ (great) of ‎ ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are __5__ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it __6__ (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas __7__ (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even __8__ (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns __9__ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps __10__ (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化对世界的影响。‎ ‎1．especially　尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。‎ ‎2．on　have a ... effect on sb.“对某人有……影响”为固定搭配，故填on。‎ ‎3．aspects　他们可能会来到中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，层面”讲的是可数名词可知，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。‎ ‎4．greatness　其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。‎ ‎5．a　这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。‎ ‎6．is challenged　根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。‎ ‎7．given　这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎8．more　“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。‎ ‎9．what　分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，空处在句中作主语，且此处表示“所……的事物”，故用what。‎ ‎10．to further　目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。‎ ‎　‎ 高考话题“历史与地理”中，关于“历史变迁”类的语篇多以说明文、应用文的形式出现。其文章主要介绍历史名胜、历史文物等。高考试题中有时也会出现关于该类话题的写作。‎ 一、话题与阅读 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解B)‎ ‎[1]Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater's 75year history.This time, however, the cleanup was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.‎ ‎[2]The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.‎ ‎[3]Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location (位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”‎ ‎[4]Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.‎ ‎[5]The theater audience said goodbye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.‎ ‎1．In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?‎ A．It made room for new equipment.‎ B．It signaled the closedown of the theater.‎ C．It was done with the help of the audience.‎ D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.‎ ‎2．Why was The Last Picture Show put on?‎ A．It was an alltime classic.‎ B．It was about the history of the town.‎ C．The audience requested it.‎ D．The theater owner found it suitable.‎ ‎3．What will probably happen to the building?‎ A．It will be repaired.‎ B．It will be turned into a museum.‎ C．It will be knocked down.‎ D．It will be sold to the city government. ‎ ‎4．What can we infer about the audience?‎ A．They are disappointed with Bradford.‎ B．They are sad to part with the old theater. ‎ C．They are supportive of the city officials.‎ D．They are eager to have a shopping center.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)读文快一点 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 事件的结果，剧院关闭 倒叙的写作手法，先说结果，然后按发展顺序依次说明 第2～4段 第2～4段画波浪线部分 事件的原因、过程 第5段 第5段画波浪线部分 呼应首段，剧院的结局 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[自主翻译]　尽管这部电影已有30年的历史了，250个座位大多数都坐满了泪眼婆娑的观众，他们都想与这座老建筑告个别。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　Bradford把房子和地卖给了当地的一个开发公司，这家公司计划在剧院原来坐落的地方建一座综合商场。_‎ ‎(二)做题准一点 ‎1．推理判断题。选B　根据第一段的最后一句“As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.”可推断出，工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭做准备，这是这次清扫工作特别的地方。故选B。‎ ‎2．细节理解题。选D　根据第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了The Last Picture Show这部电影，因为他认为这部电影很适合。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项的“suitable”都表示“合适的”。故选D。‎ ‎3．推理判断题。选C　第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合商场，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。‎ ‎4．推理判断题。选B　根据第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years ‎ old, most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.”可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电影，想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句“The theater will be missed.”可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不舍，与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。故选B。‎ ‎[题后悟通]‎ 细节理解题干扰选项特征 ‎1．与短文细节部分相吻合，部分相悖，如上文第2题A、B项。‎ ‎2．是短文细节，但不符合题干要求。‎ ‎3．是短文细节，但不是要点或主要论据。‎ ‎4．符合常识，但不是文章内容。‎ ‎5．明显与短文细节不符或短文未提及，如上文第2题C项。‎ ‎6．与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动。‎ ‎(三)积累多一点 ‎1．employee n．　　　　　　雇员 ‎2．appropriate adj. 合适的 ‎3．compete v. 竞争 ‎4．official n. 高级官员 ‎5．financial adj. 金融的 ‎6．carry out 抬出去；执行 ‎7．in preparation for 准备 ‎8．be filled with 充满 ‎9．say goodbye to 告别 ‎10．be set in 以……为背景 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例] (2015·福建卷)请阅读右面图画，按要求用英语写一篇词数为120左右的短文。‎ 内容要求：‎ ‎1．描述画面；‎ ‎2．概述其含义；‎ ‎3．谈谈个人感想。‎ 注意：1.短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎2．可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎3．文中不能出现考生的具体信息。‎ 参考词汇：凿，钻bore In the picture, 　 ‎ ‎ 　 ‎ ‎ 　 ‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．破旧的　　　　　　　　worn ‎2．一张简陋的木头桌子 a_shabby_wooden_table ‎3．一缕微弱的灯光 a_weak_ray_of_light ‎4．沉浸于…… be_absorbed_in ‎5．负担得起 afford ‎6．寓意 moral ‎7．不遗余力 spare_no_effort ‎ ‎8．变得灰心 get_discouraged ‎ ‎9．反映 reflect ‎10．有价值；值得考虑 count ‎11．回报 pay_off ‎12．不辞劳苦的做某事 take_pains_to_do_sth.‎ 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1. 在这幅图画中，我们可以看到一个孩子穿着破旧的衣服。‎ In the picture, we can see_a_boy_in_worn_clothes.‎ ‎2．他坐在一张简陋的木桌子旁边。‎ He sits_at_a_shabby_wooden table. ‎ ‎3．在桌子上面有一摞书。‎ There_are_a_pile_of_books on the table.‎ ‎4．这个孩子很贫穷。‎ The boy is_poor.‎ ‎5．他甚至买不起一支蜡烛。‎ He couldn't_afford_even a candle.‎ ‎6．为了晚上读书，他在墙上凿开一个孔来“偷”邻居家的灯光。‎ He bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light from his neighbor's house to read at night.‎ ‎7．不是故事本身而是在故事中反映出来的内容值得考虑。‎ Not the story itself but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_counts.‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 ‎1．把句2改为非谓语动词短语作伴随状语，句3改为with复合结构，然后和句1合并 In_the_picture,_we_can_see_a_boy_in_worn_clothes,_sitting_at_a_shabby_wooden_table_with_a_pile_of_books_on_it.‎ ‎2．把句4改为非谓语动词短语作原因状语，和句5合并，然后用so连接句6‎ The_boy,_being_poor,_couldn't_afford_even_a_candle,_so_he_bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light_from_his_neighbor's_house_to_read_at_night.‎ ‎3．用强调句式改写句7‎ It_is_not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 In the picture, we_can_see_a_boy_in_worn_clothes,_sitting_at_a_shabby_wooden_table _with_a_pile_of_books_on_it._A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_was_absorbed_in_his_reading.‎ This_is_a_wellknown_story_from_an_ancient_Chinese_idiom._The_boy,_being_poor,_couldn't_afford_even_a_candle,_so_he_bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light_from_his_neighbor's_house_to_read_at_night._The_moral_of_the_story_is:_spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_never_get_discouraged_easily_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.‎ Of_course,_things_are_totally_different_today._It_is_not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts._Hard_work_pays_off._We_should_take_pains_to_improve_ourselves_through_learning_and_get_prepared_for_the_future.‎ ‎.阅读理解 A There were many famous poets from different periods of time in Chinese history, and thousands of their poems are still read and appreciated today.‎ To arouse people's interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage, China Central Television (CCTV) produced a TV show — Chinese Poetry Conference. The finale (终场) of the hit show's second season was shown on Feb. 7, 2017.‎ Wu Yishu, 16, who studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai, came out on top. In an earlier episode (一集), Wu wowed the audience when performing in a section entitled “Feihualing”. The game's theme was “yue”， meaning “moon” or “month” in Chinese. She recited the lines from the Classic of Poetry, the earliest collection of poems in China: “In July, the crickets (蟋蟀) are in the field. In August, they are in the yard. In September they are at the door. In October, they enter and crawl under our beds.”‎ ‎“I really admire her knowledge of poems，” said Huang Zijin, 16, a Senior 2 student from Ningbo High School in Zhejiang Province. “The first time I saw her wearing traditional Han clothing on TV, I was very impressed by her classical looks. She fulfills all my fantasies about classic Chinese women's talents. What's more, she always appears so calm throughout the show, which is very unusual for her age.”‎ As the old saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance.”‎ ‎“Learning poems isn't about winning or losing. The power of poetry ‎ lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world，” said Li Bo, an expert guest at the Chinese Poetry Conference's second season.‎ When it comes to teaching people about poetry, Li Dingguang, the show's academic advisor, suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic (美学的) and emotional sides, and guide the students to lose themselves in the poems' rhythmic (有节奏的) and rhyming lines.‎ ‎“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams，” Li Dingguang told China.org.cn. “Therefore, it's important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。中国诗词源远流长，至今仍为世人传诵。为发扬中国文化，提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣，中央电视台制作并播出了《中国诗词大会》节目，中学生武亦姝以其特有的魅力征服了观众。‎ ‎1．What's one of the purposes of the TV show Chinese Poetry Conference?‎ A．To entertain people by enjoying Chinese poems.‎ B．To see who can recite the most classic Chinese poems.‎ C．To fulfill people's fantasies about Chinese women's talents.‎ D．To make more people interested in classic Chinese poetry.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“To arouse people's interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage”可知，中央电视台制作并播出《中国诗词大会》的目的是提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣、发扬中国文化，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．From Paragraphs 3 and 4, what can we infer about Wu Yishu?‎ A．She is a talented and elegant Chinese teenager.‎ B．She has learned a large amount of poetry from textbooks.‎ C．She is always calm in the show like other competitors of her age.‎ D．She amazed the audience with the lines from the Classic of Poetry in the finale.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。通读第三段可知，该段介绍了武亦姝以背诵含“月”字的诗词征服了观众；第四段介绍了人们对武亦姝气质和形象的评价：她穿着汉服，文静内秀，给人们留下了深刻的印象。据此可以推断，武亦姝是一个有天赋的、优雅的人，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．According to Li Bo, why do people learn poetry?‎ A．To get good marks in examinations.‎ B．To help build up their inner world.‎ C．To win the Chinese Poetry Conference.‎ D．To appreciate the beauty of rhythm and rhyme.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第六段的“The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world”可知，郦波认为学习诗歌的目的在于塑造人的人生观和发展人的内心世界，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．What is Li Dingguang's attitude to poetry teaching?‎ A．Doubtful.　　　　　　 B．Supportive.‎ C．Critical. D．Casual.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。根据最后一段的“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams”可知，李定广对学校诗歌教学的评价是：尽管教材中诗歌的数量增多了，但是许多学生学习诗歌仅是为了考试。据此可以判断，他对诗歌教学持批评态度，故C项正确。‎ B Some people call it a traveling museum. Others refer to it as a living or openair museum. Built in Brazil to honor Columbus' first voyage to the New World, the Nina, a Columbusera replica (复制品) ship, provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship from over 500 years ago.‎ I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf. Shores, Alabama, in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university, my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to schoolage ‎ children. The fieldtrip tour of the Nina is handson learning at its best. In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone (压舱石), and move the extremely large tiller that controlled the direction of the ships in Columbus' days. They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time. I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.‎ The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1,600s. Historical guides, dressed in period costumes, give tours of the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. These guides often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the guides in order to better understand the daily life in the past.‎ My experience on the Nina helps testify (证实) my longheld belief that students stay interested, ask better questions, and engage (参与) in higherorder thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process. The_students_who_boarded_the_Nina_came_as_passive _learners._They_left_as_bold_explorers.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了哥伦布航海时的航船的复制品Nina，它是一个开放的博物馆。学生参观这一特殊的博物馆可以积极主动参与学习。‎ ‎5．What occupation is the author engaged in?‎ A．Shipping. B．Education.‎ C．Ecological tourism. D．Museum administration.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句“I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to schoolage children.”可知，作者在给学龄儿童介绍有关航船复制品Nina的历史知识；据此可以判断，作者从事的是教育行业，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is true about the Nina introduced in the passage?‎ A．She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil.‎ B．She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays.‎ C．She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World.‎ D．She displays what Columbus' ship was like and how it operated.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing equipment of Columbus' favorite ship”可知，Nina为人们提供了哥伦布的航船的原貌；根据第二段的“In this setting, students could touch the line ... direction of the ships in Columbus' days.”可知，Nina还提供了如何操作该航船的方法，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What is the third paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Guidelines for visitors on the ships.‎ B．Life of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement.‎ C．Duties of the guides in the British museums.‎ D．Introduction to another museum similar to the Nina.‎ 解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第三段的“The Nina is not the only traveling museum ... A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three recreations of the ships that brought the first settlers”可知，第三段主要介绍了另一个与Nina类似的航行博物馆，故D项正确。‎ ‎8．What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage?‎ A．The students are interested in becoming tour guides.‎ B．The experience has changed the students' learning attitude.‎ C．The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own.‎ D．The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.‎ 解析：选B　句意理解题。根据文章最后两句可知，登上了哥伦布航船复制品Nina的学生成了主动学习的学生，他们成了知识的勇敢探索者。据此可以判断，最后两句意在说明，这种游览改变了学生的学习态度，故B项正确。‎ C For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the ‎ landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.‎ One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat and release (释放) it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect. ‎ Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投资) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.‎ Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces, but without taking up the muchneeded land. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help ‎ control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers, making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在拥挤的城市里建立屋顶花园的好处。‎ ‎9.The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means “________”．‎ A．carries away　　　　　 B．takes up C．gives out D．breathes in 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide”可知，一英亩的树吸收的二氧化碳的量和一辆普通的汽车行驶11 000英里排放的二氧化碳的量是相等的。由此可知，emit与give out的意思相同，表示“释放”。‎ ‎10．Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect?‎ A．More building materials.‎ B．More trees and grass.‎ C．More parking lots.‎ D．More rooftop gardens.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat ... usually warmer than surrounding rural areas.”可知，诸如金属和混凝土之类的建筑材料是城市热岛效应的始作俑者，故选A。‎ ‎11．When it comes to rooftop gardens, what can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．They make people much happier.‎ B．They provide more benefits than urban parks.‎ C．They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.‎ D．They have become very popular in recent years.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“reduce cooling bills” “leading to savings on heating bills”和“making their diets healthier”以及最后一段的整体内容可推知，屋顶花园能够降低冬季取暖或夏季降温的费用支出。同时，它还可以为蔬菜种植提供场地，为人们提供新鲜的蔬菜，从而使人们的饮食更健康，故选C。‎ D Local officials in Beijing promised to further protect the city's cultural heritage (遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as Hutong.‎ Hutongs are commonly found in the cities of North China, but they are at risk. Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 Hutongs, most of which are near the Forbidden City. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250. In the old districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng, some people will be asked to move from Hutong houses to avoid further damage to the ancient architecture.‎ ‎“On average more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays. The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics，” said the director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, adding that Hutongs should be protected from human damage.‎ The government focused on how the protection plans were carried out and how the management of cultural heritage worked. The head of the Xicheng district government, said the area has 182 cultural relics, many of which were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty (1271—1368). “The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage.”‎ ‎“Each community has been required to report the status of its cultural heritage, especially Hutongs, and any actions to damage the heritage will be punished.”‎ No one knows for sure how many Hutongs will be left in the coming 100‎ ‎ years.‎ 语篇解读：北京的胡同已不再是小小的街道，它传载着北京几百年的历史和文化。本文主要介绍了北京胡同的历史、现状及政府的保护措施。‎ ‎12．How many Hutongs have disappeared in the past sixty years in Beijing?‎ A．Fewer than 1,000. B．About 2,000.‎ C．More than 3,000. D．Over 4,000.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Beijing is currently believed to have fewer than 1,000 Hutongs, most of which are near the Forbidden City. Only 60 years ago, the number was 3,250.”可知，北京胡同的数量由60年前的3 250条减少至现在的不到1 000条，共减少了大约2 000条。故选B项。‎ ‎13．According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is the main reason for the damage to cultural relics?‎ A．People's activity. B．Residents' attitude.‎ C．Communities' behavior. D．The governments' policy.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The visits put pressure on the protection of cultural relics.”和“Hutongs should be protected from human damage”以及第四段中的“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage.”可知，文化遗迹遭到破坏的主要因素是人们的活动。‎ ‎14．Which of the following is a useful way to protect Hutongs?‎ A．To attract more visitors.‎ B．To forbid everyone from getting close to it.‎ C．To increase the local population.‎ D．To punish anyone damaging it.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“any actions to damage the heritage will be punished”可知，加大对破坏北京胡同行为的惩罚是保护北京胡同比较有用的措施，故选D项。‎ ‎15．What is the author's attitude toward Hutongs?‎ A．Optimistic. B．Pessimistic.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“No one knows for sure how many Hutongs will be left in the coming 100 years.”可知，作者对未来北京胡同的命运深感担忧，持悲观态度。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 I retired from my family business four years ago. But I've never been __1__ of a challenge. I've sailed around the world before. And I've decided to fly east from Western Australia in a __2__.‎ For the last two years I had trained hard, spending 150 hours __3__ with my ground team. When the big day came, thousands of people gathered to __4__ the launch. It was a __5__ start, with a smooth and steady takeoff. I was __6__ but still had some doubts — I was flying into the __7__. I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again.‎ The capsule where I stayed was designed to __8__ if I landed in water, but I was not sure whether I could __9__ the cruelty of the ocean. __10__， I kept watching the weather, communicating with my land team and __11__ the altitude to achieve the perfect speed and direction.‎ On my fifth day, I was terrified to notice I was losing oxygen. __12__， I managed to save my life by adjusting the pressure in the oxygen cylinder (氧气瓶) to stop the oxygen escaping.‎ I know it was vital to stay __13__ to control the flight, altitude and my oxygen flow, so I held a spoon between two fingers — If I __14__， it would fall and wake me up. I never questioned why I was doing this. It is such a unique __15__ to see our beautiful planet from high above.‎ Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day was a huge __16__. I knew my journey was nearly over. It was to be a new world record. I could see my team __17__ below as I flew over.‎ This __18__ really pushed me to my limits, but it hasn't __19__ me. Next year, I want to fly even higher to break another __20__ for the hotair balloon flight.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”‎ 退休四年后，从西澳大利亚州乘热气球向东旅行，十一天后平安着陆。“我”创造了世界纪录，准备明年继续挑战自己。‎ ‎1．A.shy　　　　　　　　　 B．skeptical C．fond D．confident 解析：选A　根据该句中“But”表达的语境并结合下句中“我”环球航行过并决定乘热气球从西澳大利亚州向东旅行的描述可知，“我”不害怕(shy)挑战自我。shy of/about (doing) sth.意为“害怕(做)，对(做)……心怀顾忌”。‎ ‎2．A.plane B．helicopter C．wingsuit D．hotair balloon 解析：选D　根据本文最后一句中的“the hotair balloon”可知，“我”是乘热气球旅行的，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．A.debating B．preparing C．carving D．traveling 解析：选B　根据该句中的“I have trained hard”可知，过去两年“我”艰苦训练，花了150个小时的时间和“我”的地面团队一起准备(preparing)。‎ ‎4．A.welcome B．inspect C．delay D．witness 解析：选D　根据该句中的“thousands of people gathered to”可知，在那一天，成千上万的人聚集在一起见证(witness)了起飞过程。‎ ‎5．A.perfect B．false C．poor D．fresh 解析：选A　根据该句中的“with a smooth and steady takeoff”可知，热气球起飞时很平稳；据此可以判断，这是一个完美的(perfect)开始。‎ ‎6．A.amused B．puzzled C．excited D．frightened 解析：选C　根据上句中的“with a smooth and steady takeoff”和下文but的转折可知，热气球起飞时平稳，“我”感到很兴奋(excited)。‎ ‎7．A.future B．unknown C．shelter D．reality 解析：选B　根据下句“I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again.”可知，“我”无法保证能再次看到“我”的朋友和家人；据此可以判断，‎ ‎“我”向着未知的(unknown)地方旅行。‎ ‎8．A.digest B．recycle C．float D．fly 解析：选C　根据该句中的“if I landed in water.”可知，“我”乘坐的舱体是为漂浮(float)在水上而设计的。‎ ‎9．A.survive B．show C．evaluate D．comment 解析：选A　根据该句中的“cruelty of the ocean”并结合上段最后一句“I couldn't guarantee I'd see my friends and family again.”可知，“我”不确定自己能不能在严酷的海洋环境中生存(survive)下来。‎ ‎10．A.Finally B．However C．Therefore D．Besides 解析：选C　空处上文陈述怀疑自己能不能在严酷的海洋环境中生存下来，空处下文陈述“我”不断观察天气并与地面的团队保持联系；据此可以判断，空处前后之间为因果关系，故C项正确。‎ ‎11．A.losing B．ignoring C．proving D．adjusting 解析：选D　根据该句中的“to achieve the perfect speed and direction”可知，“我”调整(adjusting)高度，以达到最佳的速度和方向。‎ ‎12．A.Strangely B．Luckily C．Normally D．Conveniently 解析：选B　空前陈述“我”在第五天发现氧气泄漏；空后陈述“我”通过调整氧气瓶的气压挽救了生命；据此可以判断，该处表示“幸运地”，故B项正确。‎ ‎13．A.calm B．awake C．patient D．relaxed 解析：选B　根据下文中的“it would fall and wake me up”可知，“我”在两指之间夹了一把汤匙，以便掉落时把“我”叫醒；据此可以判断，“我”知道在飞行时保持清醒(awake)是至关重要的。‎ ‎14．A.looked around B．carried on C．dropped off D．turned up 解析：选C　根据语境可知，“我”在两指之间夹了一把汤匙，以便“我”打盹(儿)(dropped off)时把“我”叫醒。A项意为“环顾”；B项意为“继续”；D项意为“出现，调大声音”。‎ ‎15．A.experience B．excuse C．dream D．tradition 解析：选A　根据该句语境可知，在高空看我们的星球是一种独特的体验(experience)。‎ ‎16．A.loss B．disaster C．burden D．relief 解析：选D　根据该句中的“Seeing the coast of Australia again on my 11th day”可知，在第十一天再次看到澳大利亚的海岸线对“我”来说是一种欣慰(relief)。‎ ‎17．A.exercising B．celebrating C．escaping D．quarreling 解析：选B　根据语境可知，在第十一天“我”终于再次看到了澳大利亚的海岸线，据此可知，“我”的冒险旅行成功结束并且创造了新的世界纪录；据此可以判断，“我”的地面团队祝贺(celebrating)“我”的成功。‎ ‎18．A.challenge B．accident C．race D．failure 解析：选A　根据第一段第二句中的“challenge”可知，这次挑战将“我”推向了极限。‎ ‎19．A.interested B．confused C．annoyed D．discouraged 解析：选D　根据该句中的“pushed me to my limits”可知，这次挑战将“我”推向了极限；结合下文可知，“我”将在明年再次挑战自己，飞得更高，挑战另一个纪录；据此可以判断，这次的挑战并没有使“我”灰心(discouraged)。‎ ‎20．A.promise B．balance C．record D．barrier 解析：选C　根据上一段倒数第二句中的“a new world record”可知，“我”想要飞得更高，打破另一个纪录(record)。‎