2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之五动词

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之五动词

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之五动词 动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)及主谓一致。语法填空和短文改错两种题型对动词的考查基本围绕动词的上述形式变化而设题。‎ ‎(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎(2019·山东省高三下学期高考预测改编)It is reported that Yuan Huiqin, a famous Peking opera artist, 1.________ (host) a culture talk in the lecture hall of Beijing University next week. He hosted two culture talks which 2.________ (call)“Charm (魅力) of Peking Opera” in Stockholm and St.Petersburg last year.‎ The two sessions, as programs of Chinese Culture Talk, 3.________ (organize) by the Bureau for External Cultural Relations of the Ministry of Culture of China, Chinese embassies and local cultural organizations. Members of Chinese embassies, famous sinologists (汉学家) and those showing an interest in Peking opera, 4.________ (attend) the two culture talks.‎ The host, Yuan Huiqin, 5.________ (be)a national classA artist of China National Peking Opera Company and a winner of the Plum Blossom Prize. During the talks, she patiently 6.________(share)the charm of Peking opera in more than one way.‎ With the help of the local sinologists, her talks 7.________ (translate) into Swedish and Russian. These words explored the concepts and artistic characteristics of traditional Chinese operas, which 8.________(get)audience to experience the distinct charm of Peking opera.‎ In addition, young artists from the China National Peking Opera Company 9.________(perform) classic opera selections. During the interaction of the talks, some opera lovers performed with young artists and on the spot the audience 10.________(try) costumes (戏装) of Peking opera with great curiosity.‎ 答案：1.will host　2.were called　3.were organized ‎4．attended　5.is　6.shared　7.were translated　8.got　9.performed　10.tried ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向1　填谓语动词的时态和语态变化 提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。‎ ‎[解题规则]‎ ‎1．如何确定谓语动词的时态 方法(1)　慧眼识别标志词 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, so far等都是判定动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。‎ 方法(2)　瞻前顾后找并列 表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如：and, but, not only ... but also 引导的句子时态相呼应，应该一致。‎ 方法(3)　通过“动作先后关系”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们的发生时间有一定的先后关系。我们可以根据这种先后关系来判定时态。‎ 方法(4)　通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。‎ 方法(5)　通过“常用句式”解决时态问题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。‎ ‎2．如何确定谓语动词的语态 确定谓语动词的语态，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。‎ 注意：平时多积累、掌握一些动词(短语)的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时等。‎ 思考趋向2　填谓语动词的主谓一致变化 除了要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化外，还要考虑主谓一致的变化。‎ ‎[解题规则]‎ ‎1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎2．在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。‎ ‎3．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎4．由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎5．主语后跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。‎ 思考趋向3　填谓语动词的虚拟语气变化 确定空格处作谓语动词后，除了考虑时态、语态和主谓一致外，还要结合语境考虑动词的虚拟语气变化。‎ ‎[解题规则]‎ ‎1．虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/could/might＋have done 与将来事实相反 动词的过去式、should＋动词原形、were to＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 ‎2．虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用 ‎(1)在suggest, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，要用“(should＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。‎ ‎(2)在“It is/was＋某些形容词/过去分词＋that从句”句型中，that从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”。这些形容词有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。过去分词有desired, suggested, required, requested,‎ ‎ recommended, ordered等。‎ ‎(3)在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去时或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这个句型中的should不可省略。‎ ‎(4)在as if/as though引导的从句及wish引导的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。‎ ‎(5)在would rather后面的宾语从句中，表示与现在或将来事实相反，从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎(一)考点练悟 下文中共有8处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。‎ ‎(2019·长春市质量监测改编)My close friend Sunny has curly yellow hair and she cheered me up when I am down. I remember the day when I first meet her. It was snowing and freezing cold. I find a little dirty dog by the road trembling under the bush. I stopped to wait for quite a while but there were no sign of her owner. When she looked into my eyes, my heart melt. I gently held her and take her back home. I gave her a warm bath and feed her some milk and soon she was recovered. Sunny is a pleasant surprise for me and my family and I take good care of her every day.‎ 答案：第一句：cheered→cheers 第二句：meet→met 第四句：find→found 第五句：were→was 第六句：melt→melted 第七句：take→took 第八句：feed→fed; 去掉was ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 ‎1．常常考查一般现在时与一般过去时的错用，被动语态系动词be的缺失。 ‎ ‎2．考查谓语动词语态的误用情况。‎ ‎3．考查谓语动词是否和主语在数上一致。‎ 解题规则 ‎1．识别时态不一致 文章前后是现在时但却用了过去时，或前后都是过去时却用了现在时，导致时态不一致。‎ ‎2．判断并列不一致 在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and，or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。‎ ‎3．留心语态错误 ‎①构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。‎ ‎②主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。‎ ‎4．注意主谓不一致情况 主语是单数形式，谓语却采取复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的情况。‎ ‎5．牢记情态动词用法 ‎①情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去时或其他形式。‎ ‎②情态动词相互间的误用。‎