高中英语ThewrittenwordSectionⅠWelcometotheunitamp教学案

高中英语ThewrittenwordSectionⅠWelcometotheunitamp教学案

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 Unit 1 The written word Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-Pre reading English romantic poetry dates back to the Romantic Period roughly between 1785 and 1830. Writers from this period focused on wonder, amazement and appreciation of nature, animals, possessions and people. The poetry of this period is wellknown for its high degree of creativity and imagination. Through the use of the senses, poets expressed their love for the universe. Poets such as Keats, Byron, Shelly and Wordsworth painted pictures with words through the use of imagery, metaphor (隐 喻) and simile (明喻). Romantic poets describe poetry as the overflow of powerful feelings which expresses their minds. The interest of the romantic poets is not in the physical world or in the action of men, but in the feelings, thoughts, and experiences of the poets themselves. Under the influence of the American and French revolutions, there was an increasing belief that every human being is worth praising, and a growing sympathy for the suffering of common people. Romantic poetry shows strong feelings against unjust social and political situations. Romantic poetry also shows the passion that the writer possesses for the beauty of the world around. A passionate appreciation and admiration for beautiful land, especially undisturbed pieces of land, is emphasized in romantic poems. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 Romantic poems contain exotic (异国的) images and stories of kings, gods, goddesses, angels and spirits. The mystery and power of love is central to many romantic poems. Not every romantic poem paints an image of happiness and satisfaction with a lover or loving relationship; many romantic poets composed poems that emphasized heartache and sadness for lost love. The primary function of a romantic poem is to express one's imagination. Using all of the senses, poets create a beautiful image that allows readers to not only see and feel what the poet is describing, but also actually smell, hear and taste the subjects discussed in a poem. Poets today continue to look to the poets of the Romantic Period for inspiration and motivation. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 Section_Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading — Prereading [原文呈现] Appreciating literature What is classic literature? Classics are the antiques① of the literary② world. They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago③ and were so well written that people still read them nowadays. They are examples of great writing and wisdom, and even those written centuries ago④ can still be found in bookshops and libraries today. Because a lot of classics⑤ were written so long ago, their language characteristics⑥ are quite different from those of modern works. This makes them difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves. Many people do not read them, because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with⑦ life today. However, if this is true, why do we still find these classics in bookshops and libraries? They have not disappeared and still have a place in⑧ the world. Why else would many films adapted from them⑨ be successful? In 1995, an awardwinning⑩ film based on Jane Austen's novel Emma⑪ came out⑫. Three years later, in 1998, a modern adaptation ⑬ of Charles Dickens's novel GreatExpectations appeared in cinemas. Nobody would bother to⑭ make these classic novels into films if they had nothing to do with contemporary⑮ life. [读文清障] ①antique/æn'tiːk/n.古董，文物 ②literary adj.文学的 literature n．文学，文学作品 ③that were written a long time ago 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 novels, plays and poems。 ④written centuries ago 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 those。 ⑤classic n．[C]名著，经典作品 还可用作形容词，意为“典型的，经典的”。 ⑥characteristic/ˌkærəktə'rIstIk/n.特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 ⑦have nothing to do with ...与……没有关系 ⑧have a place in 在……占有一席之地 ⑨adapted from them 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 films。adapted from 意为 “由……改编”。 ⑩awardwinning 获奖的 ⑪based on Jane Austen's novel Emma 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 film。 ⑫come out 推出，发行，出版 ⑬adaptation n．改编本(也作 adaption) ⑭bother to do 费心去做，通常用在否定句中，表示“懒得做”。 ⑮contemporary adj.当代的 文学欣赏 [第 1～3 段译文] 什么是经典文学？经典文学作品是文学世界里的古董。它们是很久以前创作的小说、戏 剧和诗歌。这些作品写得如此之好以至于今天人们仍然在阅读它们。经典文学是杰出的创作 及智慧的典范，即使是几世纪前写的那些作品，现在依然可以在书店和图书馆里找到。 因为许多经典文学作品创作如此久远，它们的语言特色与现代文学作品的语言特色有相 当大的区别。这使得一些人阅读起来有困难，因此经典文学作品常常被遗忘在书架上，落满 灰尘。许多人不读经典文学作品是因为觉得它们太古老，枯燥乏味，与今天的生活没有任何 联系。 但是，如果这种观点是正确的，为什么我们今天仍然可以在书店和图书馆里找到这些经 典文学作品呢？它们并没有消失，在当今世界仍占有一席之地。还有，为什么许多根据经典 文学作品改编的电影可以大获成功呢？1995 年，一部根据简·奥斯丁的小说《爱玛》改编 的获奖影片问世。三年后的 1998 年，根据查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《远大前程》改编的现代 版影片在影院上映。如果这些经典小说与现代生活没有任何关系的话，没人会花费精力将它 们改编成电影。 Charles Dickens: England's greatest writer The novelist ⑯ Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England in 1812. OliveTwist, DavidCopperfield and GreatExpectations are probably his bestknown works⑰. He first published many novels one chapter⑱ at a time in newspapers, and some were later performed on stage. For people at that time, his stories were like the soap operas⑲ we see on TV today. He died in 1870. His tomb reads, ‘By his death, one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world.’,⑯novelist/'nɒvəlIst/n. 小说家 ⑰work n．[C]著作，(艺术)作品(多用复数) 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 works of literature 文学作品 Beethoven's piano works 贝多芬的钢琴曲 ⑱chapter/'tʃæptə(r)/n.(书的)章，篇，回；时期，时代 ⑲opera/'ɒprə/n.歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院 soap operan．肥皂剧 查尔斯·狄更斯：“英国最伟大的作家” [第 4 段译文] 小说家查尔斯·狄更斯 1812 年出生于英国的朴次茅斯。《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲 尔》、《远大前程》可能是他最广为人知的作品。狄更斯最初将许多小说发表在报纸上，每次 刊登一章，有一些作品后来被搬上了舞台。对于那时候的人来说，他的小说就如同我们今天 在电视上看到的肥皂剧。狄更斯于 1870 年去世，他的墓碑上写着：“他的辞世使世界失去 了一位最伟大的英国作家。” Great Expectations GreatExpectations is set in⑳ England in the early 1800s.The author○21 uses Pip, the main character, to tell the story. Having lost his parents○22， Pip lives with his older sister and her husband Joe. Pip's sister often abuses○23 him, but Joe is a kind and simple○24 man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip. Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery○25 when a desperate○26criminal○27 appears and frightens him. Mist is a symbol of danger in GreatExpectations. Classic novels often have symbols which add interest, tension○28 or deeper meaning to the text○29. Readers may not be able to see the danger, so they need a symbol like the mist to make it clearer to them. There is a twist○30 in the plot○31 when a very generous○32 stranger gives Pip a large fortune. As a condition for receiving this fortune, Pip must move to London and begin the life of a gentleman. Pip is eager to begin his new life. Money and education, however, change him, and before long he becomes vain○33 and ashamed of○34 his background. Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London○35. He has rigid○36 ideas of what it means to be civil○37 and to be a gentleman, and is embarrassed○38 by Joe because he does not fit these. ⑳be set in ...(电影、戏剧等)以……为背景 ○21author/'ɔːθə(r)/n.作者 ○22Having lost his parents 是现在分词的完成式，表示该动作发生在句子谓语(lives with)表示的动作之前。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 ○23abuse/ə'bjuːz/vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用 ○24simple adj.朴实的 ○25cemetery/'semətrI/n.墓地，公墓 ○26desperate/'despərət/adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望 be desperate for 渴望…… be desperate to do 渴望做 ○27criminal/'krImInl/n.罪犯 adj.犯罪的，犯法的 crime n．犯罪活动 ○28tension/'tenʃn/n.紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立 ○29which add interest ...是定语从句，修饰 symbols。 ○30twist/twIst/n.转折，转变；转动；急转弯 vi. &vt.(使)弯曲；转动；蜿蜒 ○31plot/plɒt/n.故事情节；阴谋 vt.密谋；绘制(图表) ○32generous/'dʒenərəs/adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的 be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方/仁慈 ○33vain/veIn/adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的 in vain 徒劳；无结果；白白地 ○34become ashamed of 对……感到羞愧 ○35it 是形式宾语，代替 when 引导的宾语从句。 ○36rigid/'rIdʒId/adj.死板的，固执的；坚硬的 ○37civil/'sIvl/adj.有教养的，有礼貌的；平民的 ○38embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的 《远大前程》 [第 5～7 段译文] 《远大前程》以 19 世纪初的英格兰为背景。作者用小说的主人公皮普的口吻来讲述整 个故事。在他父母去世之后，皮普与姐姐和姐夫乔一起生活。皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔 却是一个淳朴、善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。 故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突 然出现了并恐吓他。在《远大前程》中雾是危险的象征。经典小说中往往有一些象征，这些 象征为小说增添了趣味、紧张的气氛或者更深层次的含义。读者可能看不到危险，因此他们 需要一个象征，例如雾，使危险更清楚地呈现在他们面前。 当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔财产的时候，故事情节发生了转折。作为获得 这笔财富的一个条件，皮普必须移居伦敦，开始绅士生活。皮曾迫不及待地开始了新生活。 但是金钱和教育改变了他，不久他变得虚荣，对自己的身世感到羞愧。当乔来伦敦看他时， 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 皮普并不喜欢他来。皮普对文明和绅士的内涵有着刻板的解释，而乔让他尴尬，因为乔不符 合这些观念。 Pip is bent on becoming○39 a gentleman and winning Estella's love. Estella is a beautiful girl, and for Pip she is a symbol of education and money. What it really means to be a gentleman○40 is an important theme○41 in GreatExpectations. Is a person with a lot of money a gentleman? Or, is a gentleman somebody who is kind and good to his friends? By the end of the novel, Pip has changed a lot. He learns that wealth does not buy happiness and that friends are more important than a fancy○42 education. This change in Pip is called character development, which is an important part of almost any novel. Does Joe forgive Pip? Does Pip get the girl of his dreams? Will Pip ever find out the identity of the person who gave him the money? You will just have to read the book yourself to find out.,○39bent on (doing) sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事) bent/bent/adj.弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的 n．天赋，爱好 ○40What it really means to be a gentleman 是一个主语从句。 ○41theme/θiːm/n.主题，主题思想；主题音乐 theme music/song/tune 主题音乐 theme park 主题公园 ○42fancy adj.豪华的，花哨的 [第 8～9 段译文] 皮普一心要成为一名绅士，并赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。埃斯特拉是位漂亮的女孩，对皮普 而言，她就是教育和金钱的象征。《远大前程》中一个重要的主题就是：做一名绅士究竟意 味着什么。有很多钱的人就是一名绅士吗？或者，那种对朋友很善良、很友好的人才是绅士 吗？ 小说结尾时，皮普变化很大。他认识到财富买不到幸福，朋友比华而不实的教育更重要。 皮普的这种转变被称为人物性格的发展，这是几乎任何一部小说中的一个重要部分。乔有没 有原谅皮普呢？皮普有没有得到他的梦中女孩呢？皮普有没有查出给他钱的人的身份？你 还得自己读这本书，找到答案。 Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings. 1．fiction A．change or development 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 2．antique B．very strict and difficult to change 3．chapter C．books about imaginary events and people 4．twist D．the main subject of something 5．plot E．a series of related events making up the main story in a book, film etc. 6．abuse F．an old object that is valuable 7．vain G．connected with the people who live in a country 8．rigid H．to treat someone in a cruel way 9．civil I．unsuccessful or useless; too proud 10．theme J．a section of a book 答案：1～5 CFJAE 6～10 HIBGD Leadin (Ⅰ)Choose the names of the novels with the pictures. A．GonewiththeWind B．OliverTwist C．JaneEyre D．TwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea 答案：1～4 BCAD (Ⅱ)Do you like science fiction? Can you name one or two science fiction writers? Can you name any examples of science fiction books that are widely read now? 参考答案：French writer Jules Verne is regarded as the father of science fiction. He wrote many famous science fiction stories which are still popular now, such as JourneytotheCentreoftheEarth. Whilereading Fastreading 1．What's the main idea of the text? According to the title of the text, we can learn that it refers to the_literature_and England'sgreatest_writer_Charles_Dickens. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 2．Skim the text and match the main idea with each part. Part 1 A．Who is Charles Dickens? Part 2 B ． Brief introduction of GreatExpectations Part 3 C．What is classic literature? 答案：Part 1～Part 3 CAB Carefulreading (Ⅰ)Choose the best answers according to the text. 1．All of the statements about classics are right except that ________. A．classics were written by some unknown writers B．well written novels, plays and poems are classics C．classics were written a long time ago D．classics are examples of great writing and wisdom 2．Today many people don't read classics because they think ________. A．classics are usually too long B．they don't understand classics at all C．classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today D．the different language characteristics don't interest them 3．According to the text, which of the statements is WRONG? A．All the classics were well written. B．Classics are old and boring. C．You can still find some classics in bookshops and libraries. D．Some films adapted from classics are successful. 4．All of the following information about Charles Dickens is true except that ________. A．Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England in 1812 B．OliverTwist was one of his famous novels C．Charles Dickens died three hundred years ago D．we can see some of his stories on TV 5．When you read GreatExpectations, you will know the following information except that ________. A．Joe is a kind and simple man B．a large fortune was given to Pip by a generous stranger C．GreatExpectations is set in the early 1800s 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 D．a person with a lot of money is a gentleman 答案：1～5 ACBCD (Ⅱ)Fill in each blank with only one word according to the text. Appreciating literature Classics ·They are the antiques of the literary world, which were well written and are still 1.read by people nowadays. ·They are examples of great writing and wisdom, whose language characteristics 2.differ from those of modern works. ·Many of them were adapted into films and achieved great 3.success. Charles Dickens ·He was born in Portsmouth, England in 1812, and 4.passed away in 1870. ·His stories were once 5.regarded as the soap operas we see on TV today. ·As England's greatest writer, his bestknown works are OliverTwist, DavidCopperfield and GreatExpectations. Great Expectations ·It is set in England in the early 1800s. ·An important 6.theme in it is “what it really means to be a gentleman”． ·Its plot goes like this: Pip, the main character, has an unhappy 7.childhood,_losing his parents, abused by his sister and frightened by a desperate criminal. Then a generous stranger gives him a large fortune on the 8.condition that he must move to London and begin the life of a gentleman. Money and education change him and he becomes vain and ashamed of his background. He is 9.determined to become a gentleman and win Estella's love. The novel 10.ends with Pip's realizing the real meaning of being a gentleman. Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text. 1．They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays. [句式分析] 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 [尝试翻译] 它们是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌。这些作品写得如此之好以至于 今天人们仍然在阅读它们。 2．Pip's sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip. [句式分析] [尝试翻译] 皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个淳朴、善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿 意看到皮普受到任何伤害。 3．Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him. [句式分析] [尝试翻译] 故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶 极恶的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A TooMuchHappiness was written by Alice Munro, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, one of our greatest contemporary writers of fiction and the owner of the Man Booker Prize for Fiction. Her stories have appeared in TheNewYorker, TheAtlanticMonthly, and other publications, and her collections have been translated into thirteen languages. The main character is Sophia Kovalevsky, a great 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 12 Russian mathematician, writer and advocator (拥护者) of women's rights in the late nineteenth century. After visiting her lover Maxsim Kovalevsky in Riviera, she travels in Europe, ending up in Sweden, where she teaches at the only university in Europe willing to employ a female mathematician. The book writes about her journey from Riviera to Sweden. The story tells the typical struggle of an intellectual woman to achieve success and happiness. However, when she is going to die, Sophia says “too much happiness”. I think it's irony. As reading the story, she has too many mental problems. First, as a woman mathematician, she was born at a wrong time. She was married to Vladimir Kovalevsky without love, called “a white marriage”. She explained that “not a young Russian woman who was unmarried could leave the country”. She sacrificed her marriage to seek her career. Furthermore, when she sees a man who looks like Maxsim in the station, she says to herself, “Of course, it would not be Maxsim, what could he be doing in Paris？” She doesn't want to face the_fact because she doesn't want to lose her hope. She believes they will marry in spring. And in her letter to Julia she sys, “It is to be happiness after all, happiness after all. Happiness.” She is cheating herself. In fact, the man does not want to marry her, and the happiness she expected doesn't take place at all. Finally, I conclude that the end must be a tragedy (悲剧). From the very first pages the atmosphere is gloomy and threatening. “One of us will die this year.” “Because we have gone walking in a graveyard (墓地) on the first day of the New Year.” and “a black cat across their path” all reflect it will be a bad ending. Not because she has some problems with her lung, but because her life does not bring her happiness with some disharmonious things happening. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了爱丽丝·门罗的作品 TooMuchHappiness 的主要人物及主要内容。 1．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．Sophia was born at a wrong time and was mentally ill. B．Women were not fairly treated in Europe in Sophia's time. C．Sophia loved travelling around Europe to meet different people. D．Unmarried women were forbidden to learn mathematics at that time. 解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句中的“not a young Russian woman who was unmarried could leave the country”可知，妇女的出行在当时是受限制的，由 此可推知，妇女在当时受到不公平的对待。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 13 2．What can we conclude from Sophia's experience? A．It's hard for an educated woman to achieve success in Europe at that time. B．Russian women were not allowed to go abroad without a white marriage. C．Married women could travel freely across Europe in the late nineteenth century. D．Seeing a black cat across the path would bring people to death in the end. 解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“The story tells the typical struggle of an intellectual woman to achieve success and happiness.”可推知，在 当时的欧洲，知识女性要获得成功是很不容易的。 3．The underlined phrase “the fact” in Paragraph 4 most probably refers to the fact that ________. A．her husband refuses to divorce B．she can't teach in university C．she falls in love with Maxsim D．Maxsim doesn't want to marry her 解析：选 D 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段最后一句“... the man does not want to marry her ...”可推知，Maxsim 并不想娶她。 4．In a newspaper, this passage is most probably in the section of ________. A．Entertainment B．Travel C．Career D．Culture 解析：选 D 推理判断题。文章主要介绍 Alice Munro 的作品 TooMuchHappiness，所以 应该出现在报纸的文化栏目里。 B At 26, Sharath Kamath was diagnosed with osteitis pubis, a common injury among athletes. He felt like his dream of being a footballer was fading away. He began his football journey in 2002 in his teenage years, and pushed himself too much. He then not only played for his college but was soon part of the state team as well. “The coaches used to praise me for putting in long hours but there was no proper advice on injury management, which is one of the most important aspects of sports professionals' development，” says Sharath. The injury happened every few months, which meant that there was no chance of attending trials. During this process, Sharath completed his engineering, then started his own online tutoring and sports management firm and engaged in online tutoring of K12 students in the US. It aimed at recruiting talented young 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 14 footballers, developing them and trading them to different clubs and created a network of over 100 tutors across the country serving more than 3,000 students. Later, seeing that there were small coaching centres but not an academy, he went on to create Dream United Football Academy. Setting up a football academy has its own challenges, the biggest of which is obtaining land. Even rental costs are high and there aren't any good fields. Also, who would, apart from someone with a deep pocket, fund a football project? “I met my school friend Ajey Patil. He came on board a cofounder of the academy. We approached four land owners who had knowledge of sports. They gave us the land for a rentfree lease of 10 years and we began to get the basic development of the land，” says Sharath. There are the final stages of signing a deal with a top university to search for players across the country, and for additional financial help. The academy also has a few sponsors who have shown interest in the various yearround tournaments and are in the process of setting up a trust fund. “We have a threeyear timeline to produce high quality players worthy of playing abroad，” adds Sharath. 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物故事，Sharath 因为受伤而离开足球赛场，却在赛场外建立 了一个足球学院，并开办了给运动员提供伤情指导的公司。 5．What was the main cause of Sharath's disease osteitis pubis? A．The lack of adequate treatment for his injury. B．The burden he got at football matches. C．His starting to play football too young. D．His improper time of training alone. 解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Sharath 太拼命训练，教练经常表扬他长 时间训练，但是却没有给他处理伤口的正确建议，而这(处理伤病)是职业运动员发展的最重 要的因素之一。故选 A。 6．What did Sharath do right after graduation? A．Going on to learn about time management. B．Instructing students about sports management. C．Joining a company to train footballers. D．Creating a football academy. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Sharath 因为受伤而没有机会参加比赛， 于是他继续学业，毕业后开办了一家公司，在网上给从幼儿园到 12 年级的学生提供体育运 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 15 动方面的指导，因此选 B。 7．What was the biggest challenge that Sharath met when setting up the football academy? A．His injury made it impossible for him to work. B．He couldn't find one to join him in his work. C．Rich people wouldn't support his academy. D．It cost a lot of money to rent land. 解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，他面对的最大的挑战是获得土地，因为土 地租金很高。 8．What is the aim of Sharath for the next few years? A．Getting rich people to know and fund football. B．Getting good students from other countries. C．Training good players to send them abroad to play. D．Looking for a top university for basic financial help. 解析：选 C 推理判断题。文章最后一段中 Sharath 说学校有个三年的要事年表，准备 培养值得送到国外的优秀运动员。由此判断，他下一步的目标是派遣优秀运动员到国外踢球。 因此选 C。 C What's on Your Pet's Mind? In 1977, Irene Pepperberg of Harvard University began studying what was on another creature's mind by talking to it. Her first experiment began with Alex. Alex was a oneyearold African grey parrot and Irene taught him to produce the sounds of the English language. “I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.” At the time, most scientists didn't believe animals had any thoughts. They thought animals were more like robots but didn't have the ability to think or feel. Of course, if you own a pet, you probably disagree. But it is the job of a scientist to prove this and nowadays more scientists accept that animals can think for themselves. “That's why I started my studies with Alex，” Irene said. “Some people actually called me crazy for trying this.” Nowadays, we have more and more evidence that animals have all sorts of mental ability. Sheep can recognize faces. Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use a variety of tools and even use weapons to hunt. And Alex, the parrot, became a very good talker. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 16 Thirty years after the Alex studies began, Irene was still giving him English lessons until his recent death. For example, if Alex was hungry, he could say “want grapes”. Alex could count to six and was learning the sounds of seven and eight. “He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly say them，” Irene said, after pronouncing “seven” for Alex a few times in a row. Alex could also tell the difference between colors, shapes, sizes, and materials (e.g. wood and metal). Before he finally died, Alex managed to say “seven”． Another famous pet that proved some animals have greater mental skills was a dog called Rico. He appeared on a German TV game show in 2011. Rico knew the names of 200 different toys and easily learned the names of new ones. When Rico became famous, many other dog owners wanted to show how clever their pets were. Another dog called Betsy could understand 300 words. One theory for dogs' ability to learn a language is that they have been close companions to humans for many centuries and so their ability to understand us is constantly evolving ( 进化). While animals can't do what humans do yet, some scientists believe that examples like Alex and Rico prove that evolution develops intelligence, as well as physical appearance. 语篇解读：本文介绍了人们通过研究发现，动物也能听懂人类的语言，动物的智力也在 进化和发展。 9．What did Irene want to find out according to Para. 1? A．What a parrot thinks. B．Why a parrot can speak. C．How parrots wake sounds. D．If parrots can speak English. 解析：选 A 细节理解题。哈佛大学的 Irene 在 1977 年开始研究与动物说话时这个动 物的脑子里在想什么，并且从一只叫 Alex 的鹦鹉开始，因此选 A。 10．How did Alex learn new words? A．By singing them. B．By reading them. C．By writing them. D．By rehearing them. 解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第五段的“He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly say them”可知选 D。 11．The two dogs mentioned in the article could ________. A．understand some words B．recognize strange voices 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 17 C．copy human gestures D．tell different colors 解析：选 A 细节理解题。从第六段的叙述可知，这两只狗(Rico 和 Betsy)都能听懂一 些词语，因此选 A。 12．What can we conclude from the article? A．All pets understand what humans say. B．Dogs may speak to humans one day. C．Humans are related to chimpanzees. D．Mental ability can evolve in animals. 解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，动物也在不断变化，这种进化使它们的 外表进化，也能让其智力发展，由此可推断选 D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 It is perhaps the most performed song in the world. A birthday party wouldn't be complete without participants joyously belting out the song around a big birthday cake. __1__ __2__ But if someone wants to do it in movies or TV shows or in any other commercial activities, he needs to pay the Warner Music Group for the right. __3__ __4__ According to an August 4 TheNewYorkTimes story, a class action lawsuit has been filed by a group of independent artists. Lawyers in the case said they had found evidence in the pages of a nearly centuryold songbook that proves the song's copyright — first issued in 1935 — is no longer valid. A federal judge may rule on the case in the coming weeks, reported TheNewYorkTimes. If the song becomes part of the public domain (范围), then the Warner Music Group will lose millions of dollars in licensing fees in the future. __5__ These people think it is unfair that “Happy Birthday to You” has long since survived anyone involved in its creation, but is still owned by a corporation than charges for its use. A．Yet “Happy Birthday to You” is private property and protected by copyright. B．According to a report, “Happy Birthday to You” is believed to be netting the company $2 million fees a year. C．It is fine if you sing it by yourself. D．It's common to sing this song personally. E．But this unreasonable situation could soon be changed. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 18 F．Legally, it is supposed to be paid for the right of using this song. G．It would also be a victory for those who see the song as highlighting the copyright problems. 语篇解读：本文就《祝你生日快乐》这首歌曲是否是一家公司的私有财产进行了描述。 1．选 A 根据上下文内容可知，此处与上文在逻辑上存在转折关系，同时空处引出了 下文内容。 2．选 C 根据空后 But 的转折可知，个人唱这首歌是没有问题的。故选 C。 3．选 B 空前的“he needs to pay the Warner Music Group for the right”与 B 项中的“netting the company $2 million”相对应。所以选 B。 4．选 E 本段描述了一群独立的艺术家对生日歌版权问题提起了集体诉讼。与上一段 的对版权付费情况形成对照，所以选 E(但是这种不合理的状况可能很快就会改变)。 5．选 G 由下句中的“These people think it is unfair ...”可知，选 G。G 选项 中的 those 与空后的 These people 对应，这对那些认为这首歌强调了版权(争议)问题的人 而言也是一场胜利。