高考新课标全国卷英语试题和答案解析

高考新课标全国卷英语试题和答案解析

‎2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)‎ 英 语 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。第I卷1至10页，第II卷11至13页。‎ ‎2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。‎ ‎3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。‎ ‎4. 第I卷听力部分满分30分，不计入总分，考试成绩录取时提供给高校作参考。‎ ‎5. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第I卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例：How much is the shirt?‎ A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.‎ 答案是 C。‎ ‎1. What does the woman want to do?‎ A. Find a place. B. Buy a map. C. Get an address.‎ ‎2. What will the man do for the woman?‎ A. Repair her car. B. Give her a ride. C. Pick up her aunt.‎ ‎3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?‎ A. A new professor. B. A department head. C. A company director.‎ ‎4. What does the man think of the book?‎ A. Quite difficult. B. Very interesting. C. Too simple.‎ ‎5. What are the speakers talking about?‎ A. Weather. B. Clothes. C. News.‎ 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答6、7题。‎ ‎6. Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman?‎ A. He has a pain in his knee. B. He wants to watch TV. C. He is too lazy.‎ ‎7. What will the woman probably do next?‎ A. Stay at home. B. Take Harry to hospital. C. Do some exercise.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。‎ ‎8. When will the man be home from work?‎ A. At 5:45. B. At 6:15. C. At 6:50.‎ ‎9. Where will the speakers go?‎ A. The Green House Cinema. B. The New State Cinema. C. The UME Cinema.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10. How will the speakers go to New York?‎ A. By air. B. By taxi. C. By bus.‎ ‎11. Why are the speakers making the trip?‎ A. For business. B. For shopping. C. For holiday.‎ ‎12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Driver and passenger. B. Husband and wife. C. Fellow workers.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13. Where does this conversation probably take place?‎ A. In a restaurant. B. In an office. C. In a classroom.‎ ‎14. Where does John do now?‎ A. He’s a trainer. B. He’s a tour guide. C. He’s a college student.‎ ‎15. How much can a new person earn for the first year?‎ A. $10,500. B. $12,000. C. $15,000.‎ ‎16. How many people will the woman hire?‎ A. Four. B. Three. C. Two.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题 ‎17. How long has the speaker lived in a big city?‎ A. One year. B. Ten years. C. Eighteen years.‎ ‎18. What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?‎ A. It’s comfortable. B. It’s time-saving. C. It’s cheap.‎ ‎19. What is good about living in a small town?‎ A. It’s safer. B. It’s healthier. C. It’s more convenient.‎ ‎20. What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most?‎ A. Busy. B. Colorful. C. Quiet.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!‎ The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.‎ Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge ‎ 02139 by Friday, February 8th.‎ Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.‎ Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: http://cambridgesciencefestival.org.‎ ‎21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?‎ A. School students. B. Cambridge locals. C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists.‎ ‎22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?‎ A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th. C. On April 21st. D. On March 15th.‎ ‎23. What type of writing is this text?‎ A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review. C. An announcement. D. An official report.‎ B Passenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.‎ It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.‎ Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.‎ By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.‎ In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.‎ ‎24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _______.‎ A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US ‎25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ______.‎ A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution ‎26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?‎ A. To seek pleasure. B. To save other birds. C. To make money. D. To protect crops.‎ ‎27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?‎ A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.‎ C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.‎ C A typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.‎ How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) ---- only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?‎ This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.‎ It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become … take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.‎ ‎28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?‎ A. To show off his skills. B. To trick the lion.‎ C. To get ready for a fight. D. To entertain the audience.‎ ‎29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?‎ A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things.‎ C. They find it hard to make changed. D. They have to do something for show.‎ ‎30. What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive.‎ ‎31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to _______.‎ A. wait for a better chance B. break your old habits C. make a quick decision D. ask for clear guidance D As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).‎ In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations ---- UNESCO and National Geographic among them ---- have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.‎ Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.‎ Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.‎ At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials ---- including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes ---- which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.‎ Now, through the two organizations that he has founded ---- the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project ---- Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.‎ ‎32. Many scholars are making efforts to _____.‎ A. promote global language B. rescue disappearing languages C. search for language communities D. set up language research organizations ‎33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Having full records of the languages.‎ B. Writing books on language teaching.‎ C. Telling stories about language users.‎ D. Living with the native speakers.‎ ‎34. What is Turin’s book based on?‎ A. The cultural studies in India. B. The documents available at Yale.‎ C. His language research in Bhutan. D. His personal experience in Nepal.‎ ‎35. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?‎ A. Write, sell and donate. B. Record, repair and reward.‎ C. Design, experiment and report. D. Collect, protect and reconnect.‎ 第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.‎ ‎1. Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?‎ ‎2. Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.‎ ‎3. Personal skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”‎ ‎4. Self Expression ‎ 40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ---- music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.‎ A. Encourage kids to cook with you.‎ B. And we can’t forget science education.‎ C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.‎ D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. ‎ E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.‎ F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?‎ G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. But their 44 soon wears off the by January those 45 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soon looking forward to 51 . The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 52 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 53 drove for hour at a time when they first 54 their driver’s licenses (执照)? Before people retire, they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things, which they never had 57 to do while working. But 58 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 59 . And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 60 .‎ ‎41. A. habit B. principle C. way D. power ‎42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages ‎43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going ‎44. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow ‎45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive ‎46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. half-filled D. newly-collected ‎47. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main ‎48. A. silently B. impatiently C. worriedly D. gladly ‎49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game ‎50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement ‎51. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success ‎52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees ‎53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely ‎54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered ‎55. A. need B. learn C. plan D. start ‎56. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct ‎57. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge ‎58. A. only B. well C. even D. soon ‎59. A. lost B. chose C. quit D. left ‎60. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第II卷 注意事项：用0.5 毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分55分）‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 ‎ Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?‎ In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.‎ Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?‎ While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节；满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden. Since then --- for all these year --- we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）‎ 注意：1．词数100左右；‎ ‎ 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ 3．参考词汇：住宿-accommodation ‎2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（(新课标I)‎ 英语参考答案 选择题答案 第一部分：‎ ‎1-5 ABCBA 6-10 BCACA 11-15 zxxkACBCA 16-20CBCAB 第二部分：（共20 小题; 每小题2分，满分40分）‎ ‎21-25 :ADCDB 26-30:CDAAB 31-35: CBADC 36-40 DACFG 第三部分： 41-45 ADCBA 46-50 DBCBD 51-55 ACBBD 56-60 AADCB 非选择题答案：‎ ‎61. was 62. actually 63.the 64. or 65. to reduce ‎ ‎66. cleaner 67. That/which 68. amazing 69. changes 70. Patient 第四部分：‎ 第一节 Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes ‎ ago of ‎（圣女果）in our back garden, since then---for all zxxkthese year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self ‎ ‎ years have seed where they please . As∧result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but ‎ ‎ a everywhere juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow ‎ ‎ tasty many tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect ‎ ‎ 或yet attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost!‎ ‎ Wonderful 第二节：One Possible Version Dear Sir/ Madam,‎ I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend zxxka summer school during the vacation. I’ve seen your ad, and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course. First when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included Would there be host family or university dormitory?‎ I am looking forward to your early reply. ‎ Yours faithfully,‎ Li Hua 工程部维修工的岗位职责　1、 严格遵守公司员工守则和各项规章制度，服从领班安排，除完成日常维修任务外，有计划地承担其它工作任务; 2、 努力学习技术，熟练掌握现有电气设备的原理及实际操作与维修; 3、 积极协调配电工的工作，出现事故时无条件地迅速返回机房，听从领班的指挥; 4、 招待执行所管辖设备的检修计划，按时按质按量地完成，并填好记录表格; 5、 严格执行设备管理制度，做好日夜班的交接班工作; 6、 交班时发生故障，上一班必须协同下一班排队故障后才能下班，配电设备发生事故时不得离岗; 7、 请假、补休需在一天前报告领班，并由领班安排合适的替班人.‎