【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词全面讲解学案（4页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词全面讲解学案（4页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词全面讲解 一、 非谓语动词应掌握的用法重点 ‎ 1.在句子中充当何成分 ‎ 2.只跟不定式做宾语的动词 ‎ 不定式 3.什么情况下需用不定式做定语 ‎ 表将来和主动 4.不定式省略to的情况 ‎ 5.不定式的复合结构 ‎ 6.不定式主动 ‎ ‎ 1.只跟动名词做宾语的动词 非谓语 动词ing: 动名词 2.动名词与不定式做主语，宾语的区别 ‎ 表进行和主动 3.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟动名词的情况 ‎ ‎ ‎ 现在分词：1.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别 ‎ 动词ed：表完成和被动：现在分词跟过去分词作状语 ‎ 非谓语动词在句中做的成分：‎ 主语 宾语 表语 定语 补语 状语 动名词 V V V V 分词 V V V V 不定式 V V V V V V 二． 不定式：不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。‎ ‎ To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 (作主语和表语)‎ ‎ To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语作主语)‎ ‎ You should continue to learn as long as you live. 要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语)‎ ‎ She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚上经常有很多会要开。(不定式短语作定语)‎ ‎ To /In order to do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具得用对。(不定式短语作目的状语)‎ ‎ He got up early in order to/ so as to catch the first bus. (不定式短语作目的状语)‎ ‎ I didn't expect you to arrive so early. 我没想到你来得那么早。(不定式短语作宾语补足语)‎ ‎1. 不定式的省略：‎ ‎① 两个并列的不定式由and或or连接时，省略后面的不定式中的to。‎ ‎ 如：I want to finish my homework and go home. ‎ ‎ I'm really puzzled what to think or say. ‎ ‎ 特例：To be or not to be，that is a question. ‎ ‎ He is better to laugh than to cry. (表示对比)‎ ‎② 句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides等后面的不带to。即“前有do，后省to”（有do无to）。如：‎ ‎ He didn't do anything but complain.‎ ③在 cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but , could not but ,could not help but 的后面不带to , 它们的意思 都是“只好，只有” ,‎ ‎ 如： He could not but walk home. / It’s raining hard, I cannot help but stay at home./ I cannot but admire his courage.‎ ‎2. 不定式的复合结构 It is brave of you to do that.‎ ‎ It is easy for you to do that. ‎ 3. 不定式主动表被动的情况 ‎ ①不定式作定语与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。‎ ‎ I’ll give you a book to read.‎ ‎ Please lend me a pen to write with.‎ ‎ ②be+adj.+to do ‎ The question is not easy to answer.‎ ‎ ③不定式与疑问代词连用时 School uniforms are not cool enough, so students don’t know what to expect.‎ ‎ ④There be结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和被动式皆可。‎ ‎ 如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式。‎ There is nothing for me to do today.‎ ‎4. 只接不定式作宾语的动词：hope，want，offer，long，fail，expect，wish，ask，decide，pretend，manage，agree，afford，determine，promise，happen 三． 动词ing:表进行和主动 ‎ 动名词和现在分词一样也是由动词+ing 构成，表示主动和进行，在句中起名词的作用，可作 主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式也是not+ 动名词，有四种时态和语态形式，使用时注意如下内容即可。‎ ‎           时态        语态 ‎     主动 ‎          被动 一般 ‎  teaching ‎ being taught 完成 ‎  having taught ‎ having been taught ‎ ‎ Eg. 1. walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国)‎ ‎ 2. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use arguing with him. (上海)‎ ‎ 3. The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.‎ ‎ 4. — Can I smoke here?‎ ‎ — Sorry. We don’t allow smoking here. (江苏)‎ ‎ 5. Having found the cause, they continued the experiment. ‎ ‎ 6. Not having finished his homework, he didn't want to go to bed.‎ ‎ 1. 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别 ‎ 不定式：出乎意料的结果 ‎ I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed.‎ ‎ 现在分词：往往与主句有因果关系 ‎ She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg.‎ ‎ 2. 只跟动词 ing形式作宾语的动词 mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，practise，suggest，finish，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，dislike，avoid，risk，resist，consider can’t help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick to 四. 动词ed：表完成和被动 ‎ ‎ 1. 现在分词跟过去分词作状语区别 ‎ 分词短语做定语时，分词的选定依据分词与被其修饰的名词的关系而定。如果名词是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词； 如果名词是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。分词短语做状语时，则要看分词与句子主语的关系。如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果主语是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。‎ ‎ (1)Seen from the mountain，the city looks beautiful.‎ ‎ (2)Seeing from the mountain，we can see the river running through the city.‎ ‎ 2. done, to be done, being done作定语的区别 ‎ The meeting being held now is of great importance.‎ ‎ The meeting held yesterday was of great importance.‎ ‎ The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.‎ 五． 非谓语动词/动词短语作宾语 ‎ 意义基本相同：begin，start，like，love，hate，prefer，continue(接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)‎ ‎ need，want，require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式)‎ ‎ 意义不同：‎ ‎ stop to do(停止手中事，去做另一件事) stop doing(停止正在做的事)‎ ‎ remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生) remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)‎ ‎ go on to do(接着做另一件事) go on doing(接着做同一件事)‎ ‎ try to do(设法，努力去做，尽力) try doing(试着去做，看有何结果)‎ ‎ can’t help to do(不能帮忙做)， can’t help doing(忍不住要做)‎ ‎ mean to do(打算做，企图做) mean doing(意思是，意味着)‎ 六．with复合结构 ‎ ‎ adv./prep.如：(4)。‎ ‎ adj.如：(3)。‎ With＋宾语+ doing(主动，同时)/being done(正在被)， 如：(1)、(5)。‎ ‎ done(被动或完成)，如：(2)。‎ ‎ to do(与宾语有动宾关系，表示将要发生的动作)‎ ‎ (1)With_the_children_following_him(由于孩子跟着他), he had to go back to the park.‎ ‎ (2) With the work finished, he could go home.‎ ‎ (3) With the weather so hot, they went in to have a rest.‎ ‎ (4) His wife came down the stairs, with a book in her hand (＝a book in her hand＝book in hand)．‎ ‎ (5) The students stood in line with the national flag being raised.‎ ‎ with复合结构既可看作介词短语，在句子中作定语；也可看作独立主格结构，常在句中充当状语。它由“with＋宾语＋补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。‎ ‎ 做题技巧：在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。‎