【英语】2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态学案(26页)

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【英语】2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态学案(26页)

‎2018届二轮复习 动词时态和语态 ‎ 动词的时态其实是英语动词的时和体。时有现在、过去、将来和过去将来;体有一般、进行、完成和完成进行。语态有两种,即主动和被动。很多同学往往做了很多题但是依旧不清楚什么是时态和语的主要是八种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时,现在进行时,过去完成时,过去进行时和过去将来时。熟记这些时态的用法是基础,建议大家在课上听老师讲,并借助辅导书进行整理。最好能在理解例句情景的基础上进行记忆,比如一个人现在对你说:“I had a bike.”这里had 就表示他以前有自行车而现在没有了,被偷了或是其他情况等。关于动词的语态主要强调一下被动语态。被动语态有时可以与很多知识点联系起来考,比如不定式。个人觉得可以对这一类型下的错题进行简单的总结:错在理解错了题意,还是错在用错了动词形式。‎ 高考真题搜索 ‎1.Silk ___________(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.(浙江真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 had become ‎【解析】 本题考查动词的时态。句意:到约公元前100年时,丝绸就已成为丝绸之路沿线交易的主要货物之一。by表示“到某一时间为止”,是完成时的标志。根据句意此处应用过去完成时。‎ ‎【高手悟道】 动词时态的解题思路:定“时”——根据题干内容,确定动作发生的时间是过去、现在还是将来;定“体”——抓住显性或隐性的时间信息,确定考查的是一般体、进行体、完成体还是完成进行体;定“法”——结合题干语境,考虑时间的具体用法或特殊用法,对号入座。‎ ‎2.—Is Peter coming?‎ ‎—No,he___________(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.(重庆真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 changed ‎【解析】 本题考查动词的时态。句意:——彼得会来吗?——不来了,刚才接到一个电话之后他改变主意了。根据句子的时间状语after a phone call at the last minute可知,彼得改变主意是过去发生的动作,是回答问题者的回忆内容,因此应该用一般过去时。‎ ‎3.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts              ___________(reward) with success in the end.(北京真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 will be rewarded ‎【解析】 本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意:学生们一直在努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会收获成功的。根据题干内容,前半句用现在完成进行时,表示学生一直在努力,后半句中的时间状语in the ‎ end是一般将来时的提示,且efforts与reward为被动关系。‎ ‎【高手悟道】 高考中有时利用并列句的语境考查时态,分析判断时,需注意并列句之间的动作发生先后的具体语境。‎ ‎4.More expressways ___________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.(四川真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 will be built ‎【解析】 本题考查动词的时态与语态。句意:为了促进当地的经济发展,在四川很快将会修建更多的高速公路。从该句的时间状语soon可以得知要用将来时态;并且高速公路是“被修建”,因此要用被动语态。结合以上两点可以得知该句要用将来时态的被动语态,即will be built。‎ ‎5.Dashan, who___________(learn) crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(江苏真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 has been learning ‎【解析】 本题考查动词的时态。句意:大山学习相声——中国的传统喜剧形式——数十年了,他想把中国相声与西方的脱口秀融合起来。由for decades可知who引导的非限制性定语从句要用完成时,再由主句谓语动词wants可知应用现在完成进行时(has been learning)。‎ ‎【高手悟道】‎ ‎ 高考中有时利用定语从句的语境考查时态,要分析好句子结构,判断哪部分是从句,哪部分是先行词;考查的是主句的谓语动词时态,还是从句的谓语动词时态。‎ ‎6.When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I ___________(see) for years.(天津真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 hadn’t seen ‎【解析】 本题考查动词的时态。句意:当沿街散步时,我偶遇了戴维,我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作发生在came across之前,且for years是完成时的标志,所以应用表示过去完成的hadn’t seen。‎ ‎7.As you go through this book,you___________ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.(湖南真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 will find ‎【解析】 本题考查动词的时态。句意:当你读这本书时,你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。句中as引导的是时间状语从句,从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,所以主句需用一般将来时。‎ ‎【高手悟道】‎ ‎ 高考中有时利用状语从句的语境考查时态,在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句使用一般将来时,从句需要使用一般现在时表将来,这是做题的一个依据。另外,还需注意结合主句或者从句所提供的语境,注意动作发生的先后顺序。‎ ‎8.It is important to remember that success ___________(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often ___________(take) years to achieve.(湖南真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 is;takes ‎【解析】 本题考查主谓一致。句意:重要的是要记住,成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和,它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?‎ ‎—The new Star Wars.We ___________(wait) here for more than two hours.(北京真题) ‎ ‎【答案】 have been waiting 本题考查动词的时态。句意:——打扰了,你们在等着看哪部电影呢?——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。结合句意可知,此处表示一直在等待着,并且还有可能继续等下去,故用现在完成进行时(have been waiting)。‎ 时态难点讲解 ‎(一)一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,不涉及对现在的影响;现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况。如:‎ We stayed there for two weeks.我们在那儿逗留了两周。‎ The ship has sailed for two weeks. ‎ 那艘船已出发了两周时间。‎ 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时常和一些不明确的或包括“现在”在内的时间状语或表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的“一段时间”的状语连用,而不与明确的、具体的过去时间状语连用。如:‎ Tom suddenly fell ill yesterday.汤姆昨天突然病倒了。‎ It has been freezing cold since last week. ‎ 从上周起天气骤冷。‎ ‎(二)过去完成时与一般过去时 过去完成时以过去某一时间为起点,表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态;一般过去时以现在时间为起点,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。如:‎ He told me that he had seen the film the day before. ‎ 他告诉我前一天他已看过那部电影。‎ He died three years ago.他三年前去世了。‎ 表示某事继续到过去某时已有一段时间时,用过去完成时;表示两个或两个以上的动作,用and (then),then或but等连接,按照动作发生的顺序表达时,用一般过去时。如:‎ He said he had worked in that factory since 1984. ‎ 他说从1984年起他一直在那家工厂上班。‎ He had lunch and then continued his work.‎ 他吃过午饭然后继续工作。‎ ‎(二)过去完成时与一般过去时 ‎(三)现在完成时与现在完成进行时 在表示“未完成”且与“一段时间”连用时,两者可互换。如:‎ We have lived/have been living here for two years. ‎ 在没有表示“一段时间”的状语时,现在完成进行时强调继续进行,表示“未完成”,而现在完成时强调结果,表示完成。如:‎ I have been reading.我一直在读书。 ‎ He has turned off the light.他已将灯关掉了。 ‎ ‎(四)be going to与will表将来时的区别 be going ‎ to指主观打算或有客观迹象表明将要发生;will表示没有事先计划而临时的安排或纯粹表将来,与计划无关。如:‎ I’m going to attend the meeting.(打算) ‎ 我打算参加这个会议。‎ The cloud is gathering.It’s going to rain.(有迹象表明) ‎ 乌云正在聚集,要下雨了。‎ I forgot to turn off the light.I will go and switch it off.(未经事先考虑的临时决定) ‎ 我忘记关灯了。我现在就去关。‎ My mother will be 60 next week.(纯粹表将来) ‎ 下星期我妈妈就60岁了。‎ ‎(一)主句和名词性从句时态的呼应 下面我们以宾语从句为例说明主句和名词性从句时态呼应的基本规律:‎ ‎1.主句是现在时或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。如:‎ The woman tells me that she is/was/will be a nurse. ‎ ‎2.主句是过去时态时,从句的时态有下面几种情况:‎ ‎(1)从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:‎ I thought he worked very hard.我认为他工作很努力。‎ The actor said he was living in Beijing. ‎ 这(2)如果从句有具体的过去时间点,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。如:‎ She told me her brother died in 1960.‎ 她告诉我她哥哥是1960年去世的。‎ ‎(3)从句说的是一般真理或客观事实时,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:‎ The teacher told us that the earth is round.‎ 老师告诉我们地球是圆的。‎ ‎(4)从句动作发生在主句动作之后时,从句须用过去将来时。如:‎ I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday. ‎ 我知道汤姆将在哪里庆祝生日。‎ ‎(5)从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句须用过去完成时。‎ 位男演员说他住在北京。‎ ‎(二)主句与状语从句时态的呼应 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句往往用一般现在时表将来;若主句为过去时,则从句也用相对应的过去时。如:‎ You’ll make progress if you keep working hard. ‎ 如果你继续努力,你就会取得进步。‎ He told us that he wouldn’t give up until he succeeded. ‎ 他告诉我们在成功之前他决不放弃。‎ ‎(三)主句与定语从句时态的呼应 定语从句的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。如:‎ That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow. ‎ 那就是明天要给我们做报告的那个人。‎ That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day. ‎ 那就是第二天要给我们做报告的那个人。‎ ‎(一)被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子的时态、语气的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式见下表:‎ ‎(二)几种主动变被动的规则 ‎1.带双宾语结构的主动语态变成被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变成被动结构的主语(在间接宾语前加to或for),也可将间接宾语变成被动结构的主语。如:‎ My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.‎ ‎→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday. ‎ ‎→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. ‎ ‎2.主动变被动时,宾语补足语变成主语补足语(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。如:‎ The boss made him work all day long.‎ ‎→He was made to work all day long (by the boss). ‎ ‎3.短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。如:‎ The children were taken good care of (by her). ‎ Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. ‎ ‎4.情态动词和be going to,be to,be sure to,used to,have to,had better等结构变被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。如:‎ Everyone must know this.‎ ‎→This must be known by everyone.‎ ‎5.当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...‎ ‎(三)通常不能用于被动语态的动词 ‎1.不能用于被动语态的某些(表示特定意义的)及物动词:fit (合身),have (有),hold (容纳),marry (与……结婚),own (拥有),wish (祝愿),cost (花费)等。如:‎ The key just fit the lock.(√)‎ The lock is fitted by the key.(×)‎ The box can hold all your clothes.(√)‎ All your clothes can be held by the box.(×)‎ ‎2.不能用于被动语态的某些及物动词短语:agree with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from(遭受……之痛),happen to(碰巧),take part in,belong to(属于)等。‎ Your story agrees with what has already been heard. ‎ I happened to be out when he called. ‎ ‎3.带同源宾语的及物动词不能用于被动语态。常见的此类短语有:die...death,dream...dream,live...life等。如:‎ She dreamed a bad dream last night. ‎ He died a heroic death. ‎ ‎4.不及物动词无被动语态,常见的有:appear,die,disappear,end,fail,fall,happen,last(持续),lie,remain,sit,spread,stand等。如:‎ Our difficulty will soon disappear.‎ The meeting lasted three hours.‎ ‎5.不及物动词短语无被动语态,常见的有:break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place等。‎ ‎(四)主动形式表达被动意义的使用条件 英语中,依据执行或承受的关系而出现了主动和被动语态。然而,在实际应用中,却存在着一些习惯上以主动形式表达被动意义的结构。‎ ‎1.look (看起来),seem,appear,feel,prove (证明是),sound,smell,taste等,用主动形式表被动意义。如:‎ Your theory sounds quite reasonable.‎ 你的理论听起来颇有道理。‎ ‎2.不及物的动词或短语动词在表达被动意义时,必须以主动的形式出现。如:‎ This happened/took place in the 19th century. ‎ 这事发生在19世纪。‎ Word came that she would get married.‎ 消息传来,说她将结婚。‎ The new China came into being in 1949. ‎ 新中国成立于1949年。‎ ‎3.有些及物动词或短语动词,如cost(花费),hold (容纳),last (持续),belong to(属于)等,也要以主动的形式表达被动的意义。如:‎ The meeting lasted three hours.会开了三个小时。‎ Victory belongs to us.胜利是属于我们的。‎ ‎4.有些动词,如read,write,translate,wash,sell,open,close,lock,cook,clean等,在表示主语的属性时(主语多为“物”,如用It can’t...,It ‎ won’t...结构),常与否定词或副词well,easily,badly连用,以主动形式表达被动的意义。如:‎ This book doesn’t read easily.这本书不容易(被)读懂。 ‎ 注意比较:‎ The composition doesn’t write well.这篇作文不好写。(意指作文难写) ‎ The composition isn’t written well.这篇作文写得不好。(意指没有把作文写好,不强调作文本身是否难写) ‎ ‎5.一些表示起止或变化的及物动词或短语动词,如begin,start,end,finish,change,improve,hatch,spread,turn into,turn off,shut off,work out,wear out等,在表示一种自然发生的现象或进入一种新的状态时,常以主动的形式表达被动的意义;而突出动作发生的外力时,则仍用被动式。如:‎ Shortly after the war began,she went to work in a hospital.‎ 开战不久,她便到一家医院工作了。‎ Our life is improving/is being improved continuously. ‎ 我们的生活在不断地改善。‎ 再比较:‎ The news has spread all over the city.消息传遍了全城。 ‎ The leaflets were spread (by the revolutionaries) all over the city.传单被(革命者)散发到了全城各地。 ‎ ‎6.不定式作定语时 (置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后,且与其形成逻辑上的动宾关系),如句中有或含有此不定式的逻辑主语,那么,这个不定式则以其主动的形式出现。如:‎ She had only a cold room to live in.她只有寒舍一间。(to live in修饰其前的a cold room,构成逻辑意义上的to live in a cold room;she则是to live in的逻辑主语) ‎ Will you buy me something to drink? ‎ 给我买点东西 (我) 喝,好吗?‎ 但是,there be句型中作定语的不定式,在没有其明显的逻辑主语时,则用主、被动式均可。试比较:‎ There is no time to lose.=There is no time to be lost. ‎ There is no time for us to lose.‎ ‎7.不定式作状语,位于comfortable,difficult,easy,good,hard,heavy,important,necessary,nice,ready等形容词之后时,此不定式常以主动的形式表达被动的意义。如:‎ The bags are very heavy to carry,aren’t they? ‎ 那些包扛起来很重,是吧?‎ The music is nice to listen to.音乐听起来很美。 ‎ ‎8.too...to...句型中,不定式也常以主动的形式表达被动的意义。如:‎ Some of the stars are too far away to see. ‎ 有些星球太远而看不到 (不能被看到)。‎ ‎9.to blame (受责备),to let (出租),常以主动的形式表达被动的意义。如:‎ We don’t have any spare rooms to let now. ‎ 我们现在没有空房出租。‎ ‎10.表示“某物/人需要被……”的意义时,动词need,want (需要),require (需要) 的后面既可接不定式的被动式,也可接动词-ing形式的主动式 (表达被动的意义)。如:‎ Does the flower want to be watered?=Does the flower want watering?花需要浇水吗? ‎ The kid needs to be looked after.=The kid needs looking after.这个小家伙需要人照顾 (需要被照顾)。‎ ‎11.be worth后面的动词-ing形式必须用主动的形式来表达被动的意义。如:‎ The teacher even said Edison was not worth teaching. ‎ 老师甚至说爱迪生不值得教。‎ ‎12.动词-ing形式往往具有主动的意义,但missing却具有被动的意义(我们最好把missing看作是一个单纯的形容词)。如:‎ My watch is missing.=My watch is lost/gone.‎ 我的表(被)弄丢了。‎ 解疑释惑 ‎1.解决时态类考题时,首先要判断所需成分是否是句子的谓语动词,因为只有句子才有时态,而句子的时态是通过谓语动词的不同形式来体现的。如通过过去式,be doing,have done,will do等来分别表明过去时、进行时、完成时、将来时等。‎ ‎2.确定属于句子的谓语动词之后,再通过在题干中寻找时间状语,观察上下文提供的语境,以及前后时态的呼应等来判断使用正确的时态。解题的关键在于瞻前顾后,准确捕捉与时间相关的信息。‎ ‎3.被动语态类考题的解题关键在于判断句子的主语与谓语动词之间是否是被动关系,但是被动语态的考查总是与句子时态一起,即,确定是被动语态之后,还要通过相关的时间状语判断出是哪一种时态的被动语态,这样才能确保答案准确无误。‎ 一、单句填空 知识点:常用时态的构成及基本用法 ‎1.For more than 50 years,travellers _______(use) the international driver’s license to travel in foreign countries.(2017四川巴蜀中学一诊) ‎ ‎【答案】 have used/have been using ‎【解析】 句意:50多年来,游客们一直在使用国际驾照在外国旅游。根据时间状语for more than 50 years可知设空处需用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。 ‎ ‎2.—Hi,let’s go skating.‎ ‎—Sorry,I’m busy right now.I _______(fill) in an application form for a new job. ‎ ‎【答案】 am filling ‎【解析】 句意:——嗨,我们去滑冰吧。——对不起,我现在正忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。由时间状语right now可知,在说话这一刻“填表”的动作正在发生,故用现在进行时态。 ‎ ‎3.— What time is it?‎ ‎—I have no idea.But just a minute,I _______(check) it for ‎ you. ‎ ‎【答案】 will check ‎【解析】 句意:——几点了?——我不知道。但是等一会儿,我给你查一下。根据语境可知,check为临时决定要进行的动作,will可表示临时准备去做某事。‎ ‎4.I found the lecture hard to follow because it_______ (start) when I arrived. ‎ ‎【答案】 had started ‎【解析】 句意:我觉得很难听懂这堂讲座了,因为我到的时候它已经开始了。由hard to follow可知,start的动作发生在“我”到达之前,arrive的动作在过去发生,故此处表示发生在“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时态。 ‎ ‎5.They made up their mind that they _______(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. ‎ ‎【答案】 would buy ‎【解析】 句意:他们下定决心,一旦拉里换了工作,他们就买座新房子。根据主句中的关键词made可知该题的语境是发生在过去的;同时once引导的条件状语从句中的changed这一动作在当时还未发生,用的是一般过去时表示过去将来时的用法,所以主句应该用过去将来时,即would buy。 ‎ ‎6.Whenever you _______(buy) a present,you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view. ‎ ‎【答案】 buy ‎【解析】 句意:每当你买礼物的时候,你都应从接受者的角度想一想(礼物是否合适)。whenever意为“每当……的时候,每次……的时候”。由whenever的意思可知该句所表达的动作(买礼物“buy a present”)是经常性、习惯性的动作或反复发生的动作,符合一般现在时的基本特征,故用一般现在时。‎ ‎7.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?‎ ‎—Well,the media_______(cover) it in a variety of forms. ‎ ‎【答案】 have covered ‎【解析】 句意:——你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少?——嗯,媒体已经用各种各样的形式对它进行了报道。问话人询问对方了解多少关于青奥会的事情,说明关于青奥会的很多信息已经被对方知道了。而回答者并没有正面回答,而是说媒体已经报道过很多了,意思是外界都知道青奥会的信息,他就不用回答具体信息了。这里应该用现在完成时,表示到目前为止媒体已经报道了很多。‎ ‎8.Since the time humankind started gardening,we _______(try) to make our environment more beautiful. ‎ ‎【答案】 have been trying ‎【解析】 句意:自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起,我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。根据从句“Since the time...”可知,主句应该使用完成时,而“让我们的环境变得更加美丽”这一动作一直在进行,所以用现在完成进行时。 ‎ ‎9.The men said they_______(hear) a tiger growling somewhere nearby,but they didn’t know from which direction the noise had come.(2017山东青岛一模) ‎ ‎【答案】 had heard ‎【解析】 句意:那些人说他们曾在附近某些地方听到过虎啸,但他们不知道虎啸到底来自哪个方向。设空处hear先于said发生,表示“过去的过去”,故设空处需用过去完成时。‎ ‎10.Ten people were going from one village to another.On the way they had to cross a river.After crossing they_______ (want)to be sure whether all were there.(2017山东泰安一模) ‎ ‎【答案】 wanted ‎【解析】 句意:10个人正从一个村庄去另一个村庄。路上,他们必须过一条河。过河后他们想弄清是否所有人都到齐了。设空处介绍过去的事情,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎11.James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he  (come) until yesterday. ‎ ‎【答案】 was coming ‎【解析】 句意:詹姆斯刚到,但是我直到昨天才知道他要来。know后面为宾语从句,从句动词相对于know而言指将要发生的动作,而come,leave等瞬间动词可用进行时态表示将来的动作。根据didn’t可知此处应该用过去进行时态表示过去将来的动作。‎ 知识点:动词时态的呼应 ‎12.It took a long time but eventually the dog_______ (stop) barking and the man was able to touch it.(2017江西红色七校一联) ‎ ‎【答案】 stopped ‎【解析】 句意:过了很长一段时间,那条狗最终不再叫了,那个人可以触摸它了。根据本句中的took和was able to可推知设空处需用一般过去时。 ‎ ‎13.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that_______ (reflect) my interest. ‎ ‎【答案】 reflected ‎【解析】 句意:当最后决定选一门课程时,我决定申请那个符合我兴趣的课程。主句用的一般过去时,从句也如此。‎ ‎14.A school in Sarajevo not only accepted a deaf student,but also_______ (teach) the entire class sign language to allow them to better communicate with him.(2017山东烟台一模) ‎ ‎【答案】 taught ‎【解析】 句意:萨拉热窝的一所学校不仅招收了一个失聪的学生,而且还教班里所有的同学手语,目的是让他们更好地与这名失聪的学生交流。accepted与设空处并列,且设空处也表示过去的动作,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎15.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _______(see) most of the guests before. ‎ ‎【答案】 had seen ‎【解析】 句意:索菲娅环视了所有的面庞,她有印象——绝大多数的客人她以前都见过。由语境可知,see动作发生在looked和had之前,即发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时态。‎ 知识点:被动语态的构成及应用 ‎16.Shortly after he borrowed this book,he_______ (call) to ‎ London to continue his research. ‎ ‎【答案】 was called ‎【解析】 句意:他借了这本书后不久,就被叫到了伦敦继续他的研究。根据borrowed可推知设空处需用一般过去时,主语he与call为被动关系,故设空处需用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎17.Researchers say that the human personality _______(form) during the first two years of life.(2017山东东营一模) ‎ ‎【答案】 is formed ‎【解析】 句意:研究者们说人的个性在人生的前两年就形成了。本句介绍的是一种理论,故用一般现在时,主语the human personality与form为被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。 ‎ 知识点:主谓一致 ‎19.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_______ (be) often acceptable. ‎ ‎【答案】 is ‎【解析】 动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语要用第三人称单数形式,且这里说的是一个客观事实,故要用is。‎ ‎20.The basketball coach,as well as his team,_______(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding ‎ performance. ‎ ‎【答案】 is ‎【解析】 句意:那位篮球教练以及他的球队在比赛后不久就因为他们杰出的表现而受到采访。as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数由第一个名词或代词决定,本题中as well as 连接 the basketball coach 与 his team,the basketball coach 为第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;另外,由关键信息shortly after the match可知动作发生在过去,句子采用一般过去时。 ‎ 二、语篇填空 Passage 1(2017江西重点中学协作体联考)‎ Anyone who has had a long-term disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely.This can be  1 (especial) true of children.They may feel  2 (leave) out.Now,these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less alone.A small robot may help children who are recovering from long-term  3 (ill).The robot like human beings takes their place at school.And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks. ‎ Through the robot,a child can hear his or her teachers and friends.He or she can also attend classes from wherever they are recovering—whether at home  4  from a hospital bed.Dolva,one of the scientists who  5 (be) concentrating on developing the robot,explains  6  the robot AV1 works.‎ She says from home,the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. 7 (use) the same device,he or she can control the robot’s movements.Inside the robot,there is a small computer linked  8  a 4G network.The robot is  9 (equip) with speakers,microphones and cameras,which makes communicating  10 (easy).So it’s the eyes and the cars and the voices at school.Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class. ‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍一款智能机器人,在孩子生病时能陪伴左右,让孩子和同学、老师保持沟通,减少寂寞。‎ ‎1.especially 本题考查副词。此处用副词especially修饰形容词true。‎ ‎2.left 本题考查非谓语动词。动词短语leave ‎ out与主语they存在被动关系,故用动词-ed形式。  ‎ ‎3.illnesses 本题考查名词。此处用名词illness作介词from的宾语。‎ ‎4.or 本题考查连词。由前面的whether可判断,使用or,构成whether...or...结构。‎ ‎5.are 本题考查主谓一致。定语从句中who代指the scientists,故用are。 ‎ ‎6.how 本题考查名词性从句。根据句子结构及句意,此处用how引导的宾语从句。 ‎ ‎7.Using 本题考查非谓语动词。此处动词-ing形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎8.to/with 本题考查介词。link to/with是固定搭配。 ‎ ‎9.equipped 本题考查被动语态。句意:机器人配有话筒、麦克风和照相机。‎ ‎10.easier 本题考查形容词比较等级。由句意可知,由于这款机器人配有话筒、麦克风和照相机,这使得交流更加便捷。‎ Passage 2(2017福建莆田质检)‎ Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) wasn’t fully accepted outside of China for centuries.There was once a Chinese man in the US who was accused after he used  1  certain form ‎ of TCM treatment  2 (cure) his grandson’s ‎ In the last 10 years or so,however,TCM  3 (get) more popular all over the world.A report  4 (publish) on Dec.6 says this style of healthcare,which  5 (include) different forms like herbal medicine and exercise,has spread to 183 countries and regions.For instance,in Lima,the capital of Peru,there are around 50 Chinese medicine clinics(诊所).Around 70 percent of  6 (they) were set up by local doctors.TCM has become popular  7  the people of Peru. ‎ Although TCM has been widely accepted,it still faces challenges.For example,there is trouble in being able to prove  8 (exact) what certain drugs are made up of,as well as being able to keep the effects the same every time. ‎ Some researchers have suggested TCM should be more exact and come together with Western Medicine.“Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM,rather than being in  9 (compete),is  10  the potential for great effects lies.” ‎ ‎【答案与解析】 ‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍中国传统中医在国外的传播和使用。‎ ‎1.a 本题考查冠词。a certain form of “某种形式的”。 ‎ ‎2.to cure 本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应使用动词不定式短语作目的状语。‎ ‎3.has got 本题考查动词时态。由句中时间状语in the last 10 years or so可知,此处用现在完成时。 ‎ ‎4.published 本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,(publish) on Dec.6作定语,修饰限定前面的名词report,与report之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。 ‎ ‎5.includes 本题考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,非限制性定语从句中,关系代词which指代healthcare,并在从句中充当主语,故用includes。‎ ‎6.them 本题考查代词。介词of后面用宾格。‎ ‎7.with/among 本题考查介词。become popular with/among为固定搭配。  ‎ ‎8.exactly 本题考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词prove。‎ ‎9.competition 本题考查名词。此处用名词作介词in的宾语。 ‎ ‎10.where 本题考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,where引导表语从句。‎
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