2020届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit1Gettingalongwithothers单元学案设计（70页）

2020届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit1Gettingalongwithothers单元学案设计（70页）

‎2020届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit1Getting along with others 单元学案设计 单元话题阅读 They are the sort of friends who are so close that they trust each other with their lives. If one falls，the other is there to catch him.‎ They are Wellman，whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock climbing accident，and Corbett，an experienced rock climber. Together，they climbed up Half Dome，the famous 2,000foot rock in the Yosemite National Park，through one of the most difficult routes.‎ During the climb，Corbett took the lead，hit in the metal spikes(尖状物) that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then，after Wellman pulled himself up the rope，Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and time again，inch by inch，for 13 days.‎ Wellman’s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all，Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull ups up the rope on the climb.‎ However，when the two men first met，they never talked about climbing.“He knew that was how I got injured，” Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.‎ Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point，pieces of rock gave way，and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place，stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend’s life.‎ ‎“Your partner can save your life—you can ，” Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends.“There are real close ties.”‎ 根据上文完成下列各题 ‎1．Why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?‎ Corbett didn’t want to hurt Wellman.‎ ‎2．Fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words.‎ save your partner’s life ‎3．What’s the main idea of the text?‎ Friendship is precious in life.‎ Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Prereading ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．betray　　　　 A．vt.出卖，背叛 ‎2．pretend B．vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳 ‎3．admit C．vt.&vi.发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话 ‎4．beg D．vt.& vi.请求，恳求；乞讨 ‎5．swear E．vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作 答案　1.A　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.C ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．quiz A．adj.愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的 ‎7．cheerful B．n.洗手间，厕所 ‎8．washroom C．vi.从事间谍活动；搜集情报；n.间谍 ‎9．spy D．n.小测验 ‎10．truly E．adv.真诚地，诚恳地，衷心地 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．forgive A．vi.& vt.集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦 ‎12．sincerely B．adj.极佳的；卓越的 ‎13．superb C．n.速度；步伐；节奏 ‎14．focus D．adv.真诚地 ‎15．pace E．vt.原谅，宽恕 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎[第四组]‎ ‎16．manner A．adj.伤人的；残酷的，残忍的 ‎17．horrible B．adj.内疚的；有罪的 ‎18．guilty C．adj.令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的 ‎19．cruel D．adj.极坏的，糟糕的；恐怖的，令人震惊的 ‎20．awkward E．n.方式；态度，举止 答案　16.E　17.D　18.B　19.A　20.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading ‎1．What’s the main idea of the first letter? ‎ A．Sarah wants to make friends with Annie.‎ B．Sarah has trouble getting along with Hannah.‎ C．Sarah wants to forgive Hannah.‎ D．Sarah’s advice on how to make friends with others.‎ 答案　B ‎2．What’s the main idea of the second letter? ‎ A．Andrew lost a football game.‎ B．Andrew told Matthew how to play football games.‎ C．Andrew was Matthew’s best friend.‎ D．Andrew had a quarrel with his best friend Matthew.‎ 答案　D ‎3．Read the text Secrets and lies quickly and number these events in the correct order.‎ ‎ 　Sarah admitted to Hannah that she had done badly in the test.‎ ‎ 　Sarah felt ashamed.‎ ‎ 　Sarah had a test.She said the test was easy and that she was sure of getting a good grade.‎ ‎ 　Sarah found a piece of paper on her desk that said，“Stupid Sarah got a D！”‎ ‎ 　Sarah’s teacher told her she had scored the lowest mark in the class.‎ ‎ 　Sarah went straight to Hannah and told her they weren’t going to be friends any more.‎ 答案　4　3　1　5　2　6‎ Step 2　Carefulreading ‎1．What is the secret about in the first letter?‎ A．Family problems.‎ B．A test score.‎ C．Love affairs.‎ D．Wrong doings.‎ 答案　B ‎2．Sarah felt betrayed by her friend Hannah，because she thought .‎ A．Hannah had been her best friend since primary school B．Hannah was the only one who knew her mark C．it was the secret between Hannah and her D．Hannah let out her secret 答案　D ‎3．According to Andrew，they lost the football game because .‎ A．the other team was brilliant B．Matthew was not as athletic as him C．Matthew played badly and was careless D．even Beckham couldn’t always give a great performance 答案　C ‎4．What made Andrew think that the friendship between Matthew and him was in trouble?‎ A．He saw Matthew talking to another boy.‎ B．They had a terrible fight after the match.‎ C．Matthew hadn’t apologized to him.‎ D．He had better find another friend.‎ 答案　A Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ ‎[A]　Secrets and lies I feel 1.betrayed(betray) by my friend. We have been best friends since primary school. On Monday，we had 2.a surprise math quiz. I failed. I felt so ashamed. I must be really stupid 3.to fail(fail) a simple math quiz.‎ I didn’t want others to know that. I pretended 4.to be(be) cheerful，but Hannah sensed something was wrong. I told her the 5.truth(true)．I admitted how badly I had done. I begged her not to tell anyone else and she said she would keep my secret.‎ ‎6．To my surprise，the next day，I noticed that my classmates were staring at me. I was so upset 7.that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah must 8.have told(tell) others about my grade after promising not to.‎ I was so angry that I went to her and blamed her 9.because she couldn’t keep her word. She said that she hadn’t told anyone. But I didn’t believe her 10.explanation(explain)．I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her.‎ ‎[B]　A friendship in trouble I have a problem. My best friend has stopped 11.talking(talk) to me. We have been best friends. Last week，we had a match 12.against another school. Matthew was playing badly. He couldn’t keep pace with the game，and as 13.a result of his careless playing we lost.　　‎ I thought he was not trying hard enough and he got 14.annoyed(annoy)，saying 15.it wasn’t his fault and I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each other. He accused me 16.of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty because I made some cruel 17.remarks(remark)，too. We haven’t talked with each other ever since.‎ Yesterday，I saw him talking to another boy，and I can’t help 18.wondering(wonder) if he wants the boy to be his best friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel,19.but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really 20.athletic(athlete) and good at football，and he suggested that I find another friend.‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning ‎1．However，the next day，I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and，when I went to sit down，I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said，‘Stupid Sarah got a D！’‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句是一个并列复合句，that my classmates were staring at me 是一个宾语从句； as I came into math class 和when I went to sit down 是两个时间状语从句； to find a piece of paper on my desk 是原因状语；that said，‘Stupid Sarah got a D！’是定语从句，修饰前面的paper。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　然而，第二天，我一走进数学课堂，就注意到我的同学一直盯着我看。当我坐下的时候，我震惊地发现自己的桌子上放着一张纸条，上面写着“笨蛋莎拉得了一个D！”‎ ‎2．He got annoyed，saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me，and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主句是He got annoyed；saying...是现在分词短语作状语；and连接并列的宾语从句it wasn’t his fault 和that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner；if he couldn’t play as well as me 是if引导的条件状语从句。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　他被惹火了，说他的球技不如我，不是他的错，还说我不应该那样和他说话。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Sure，it’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.‎ And yes，it’s good to get along with your teacher because，in general，it’s smart to learn how to understand the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life.‎ ‎“But really，there’s one superimportant reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do，learning bursts right open，” says Evelyn Vuko，a longtime teacher who writes an education column called “Teacher Says” for the Washington Post newspaper.‎ In fact，kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more，but they’re more comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new materials and do your best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher，he or she can be someone to turn to with problems，such as problems with learning or school life，such as bullying.‎ As a kid in a primary or middle school，you’re at a wonderful stage in your life. You’re like a sponge(海绵)，able to absorb lots of new and exciting information. On top of that，you’re able to think about all this information in new ways. Your teacher knows that，in most cases，is very excited to be the person who’s giving you all that material and helping you put it together. Remember，teachers are people，too，and they feel great if you’re open to what they’re teaching you. That’s why they wanted to be teachers in the first place—to teach!‎ Some kids may be able to learn in any situation，whether they like the teacher or not. But most kids are sensitive to the way they get along with the teacher，and if things aren’t going well，they won’t learn as well and won’t enjoy being in class.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述的是与老师关系融洽对学生在校学习和生活的种种好处。‎ ‎1．In the passage，the author mainly talks about .‎ A．how to get along well with others B．how much the students are expected of to get along with teachers C．the importance of a good relation with teachers D．how to make the time in the classroom more pleasant 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sure，it’s good to get along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.”可知，这是文章的中心句，也是文章的主旨要义。故选C。‎ ‎2．The sentence “learning bursts right open” in the third paragraph really means “ ”．‎ A．there will be more problems with learning B．you find an opening to learning C．learning becomes easier for you at once D．there will be no problems at all with learning 答案　C 解析　句意猜测题。根据第四段中的“This makes it easier to understand new materials and do your best on tests.”可知，好的师生关系能使你学习更容易。故选C。‎ ‎3．Which of the comments on teachers and their work is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A．Teachers sometimes have the same feelings as students do.‎ B．Teachers are excited even if you wouldn’t like to accept their teaching.‎ C．Though few，there are still some students who can learn even if they don’t like their teachers.‎ D．Having a bad relationship with your teachers does more or less harm to your studies.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Your teacher knows that，in most cases，is very excited to be the person who’s giving you all that material and helping you put it together.”可知，在大多数情况下，你的老师会因帮你学到知识而感到兴奋。故选B。‎ B On a hot summer day，my friend Kathy and I drove slowly towards Indiana to our friend’s house. After two hours’ driving，we stopped before a parking lot to order coffee there.“It’s my treat，” I said，trying to find my purse in the back seat，but it wasn’t there. I knew it could easily slip under a seat，so I searched around. But nothing was found. At last I remembered I had left my purse on the roof of the car，in the Dunkin’ Donuts parking lot. I panicked and was sure that my credit cards had already gone. But something told me to call the Dunkin’ Donuts just in case.‎ ‎“Oh thank goodness，” the clerk said when I called.“We were going through your purse，trying to find a way to get in touch with you. Someone found your purse lying in the parking lot and turned it in.” Refusing any kind of reward，the shop owner expressmailed it to our friend’s home.‎ A few years later，on a snowy Minnesota winter night，my car suddenly broke down and I had to walk home. Before leaving my car，I remembered my purse was still in my pocket. But when I got home，it wasn’t there. I searched again around the seats but my purse didn’t appear. Had I lost ‎ my purse again? Knowing my good fortune might not repeat itself，I called the credit card company and my bank to freeze my accounts.‎ But the next morning I got a call.“Is this Heidi Grosch? We found your purse lying on the ground.” Again，everything was there and the finder refused to accept any payment.‎ I will always be grateful to those who are kind to restore my purse.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述了作者两次钱包失而复得的经历，让作者深深地感受到人世间的美好。‎ ‎4．According to Paragraph 1，we know that .‎ A．the author remembered where she had left the purse B．Kathy didn’t take any money with her on that day C．the author drove to Indiana for drinking coffees D．someone told the author to call the Dunkin’ Donuts 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At last I remembered I had left my purse on the roof of the car，in the Dunkin’ Donuts parking lot.”可知，作者记得她把钱包丢失在什么地方。故选A。‎ ‎5．Why did the author call the credit card company and the bank?‎ A．To pay off her debt.‎ B．To have her card repaired.‎ C．To pay the finder some money.‎ D．To protect her money’s safety.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“...I called the credit card company and my bank to freeze my accounts.”可知，作者打电话给信用卡公司和银行是为了冻结自己的账户，保护资金安全。故选D。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “restore” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Mend. B．Show.‎ C．Return. D．Destroy.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据全文可知作者经历了两次钱包失而复得。两次都有人返还了作者的钱包。故选C。‎ ‎7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．A Frightening Experience B．Recovery of the Missing Wallet C．The Worst Day of My Life D．From Indiana to Minnesota 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据全文可知作者经历了两次钱包失而复得，所以Recovery of the Missing Wallet贴近文章内容，切合题意。故选B。‎ C Friends are important to children. Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life. Friendship provides children with more than just fun. In making friends，children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems. Having friends even does good to children for they can help each other during class.‎ If the parents are concerned about whether their children make many friends，what matters is ‎ that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends. Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships. First of all，be a friend to your child. Good friendships start at home. Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents. Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him. Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them and other people.‎ Teach children how to solve conflicts(争端)．Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others. If parents know the children have a conflict，let them work it out on their own. Only step in if it is really necessary，for example，an argument is getting physical.‎ Give children chances to practice staying together. Have children play games that require cooperation. For example，races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork.“In what ways didn’t you work well together? What might you do differently next time？” For these ideas，see books such as Games Book by Telly Orlick and TeamBuilding by Alanna Jones.‎ Encourage children to show thanks to others. The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them.‎ 语篇解读　这篇短文主要讲述了朋友对于孩子的重要性，以及父母应该如何帮助孩子交朋友。‎ ‎8．According to the article，if one child has no friend，he will .‎ A．have some trouble in the future B．worry about everything in the future C．not know the importance of making friends D．not find anybody to help him 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life.”可知，没有朋友的孩子会在将来遇到困难，故选A。‎ ‎9．Friendship can be helpful to the children EXCEPT .‎ A．providing a lot of fun B．getting in touch with others C．solving the problems D．helping to cheat in the exams 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，友谊对孩子的帮助不包括在考试中作弊，故选D。‎ ‎10．When the children disagree with each other，the parents should .‎ A．let them fight with each other until they find who is the winner B．do nothing to the children and believe in their abilities C．let them work it out by themselves and help if necessary D．talk with them and try to find good ways to stay together 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据短文第三段中的“If parents know the children have a conflict，let them work it out on their own.Only step in if it is really necessary...”可知，当孩子的意见不一致时，父母应该让他们自己解决，只在有必要时帮助。故选C。‎ ‎11．From the text，we can know a good friend should know how to .‎ A．fall in love with each other B．show thanks to others C．exchange their presents D．ignore their differences 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据短文最后一段“Encourage children to show thanks to others. The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them.”可知，父母应该鼓励孩子对朋友表示感谢。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 Some people make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half your life. 12 ‎ Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills，they’ll help you put people at their ease，and make friends with them quickly.‎ First of all，good talkers ask questions. 13 One wellknown businesswoman says，“At business lunches，I always ask people what they did that morning. It’s a common question，but it will get things going.” From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions. 14 ‎ Second，once good talkers have asked questions，they listen to the answers. This point seems clear，but it isn’t. Your questions should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to. And to find out，you really have to listen carefully and attentively. 15 If someone sticks to one topic，you can take it as a fact that he’s really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words，but to tones of voice. If the voice sounds dull，then，it’s time for you to change the subject.‎ Finally，good talkers know well how to deal with the occasion of parting. If you’re saying goodbye，you may give him a firm handshake and say，“I’ve really enjoyed meeting you.” 16 Let people know what you feel，and they may walk away feeling as if they’ve known you half their life.‎ A．Real listening at least means some things.‎ B．You can become a popular person.‎ C．Almost anyone，no matter how shy he is，will answer a question.‎ D．And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.‎ E．If you want to see that person again，don’t keep it a secret.‎ F．It’s polite to listen to others with a smile.‎ G．These people have something in common.‎ 语篇解读　本文属于说明文，讲述的是和别人交往时怎样能够成为一名擅长谈话的人，文中给出了－些可行性建议。‎ ‎12．答案　G 解析　前两句，有些人在你身边时会让你感到很舒适，跟他们交谈一小时就好像认识了半辈子，G选项(这些人都有共同点)与下文擅长沟通的人具备几个特点相吻合，故选G。‎ ‎13．答案　C 解析　由上一句“First of all，good talkers ask questions.”可知，擅长沟通的人会问问题，C选项(无论一个人多么内向，都会回答问题)，因而沟通就开始了，故选C。‎ ‎14．答案　D 解析　根据上句：这样你就可以转移到其他话题——有时是一些私人问题。因此下句应该是：并且他们的回答能让你知道能聊到哪种程度，故选D。‎ ‎15．答案　A 解析　根据下文“Real listening also means not just listening to words，but to tones of voice.‎ ‎”可知，真正的倾听不仅仅是听话语，还要听懂语气，其中本句中的also与A选项切合。‎ ‎16．答案　E 解析　根据上一句：我真的很高兴与你见面。空格下一句：让人们知道你的感受。因此可知空格填：如果你想再见到那个人，不要害怕说出来。故选E。‎ Period Two　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎1．betray vt.出卖，背叛 ‎2．quiz n．小测验 ‎3．beg vt.& vi.请求，恳求；乞讨 ‎4．spy vi.从事间谍活动；搜集情报；n.间谍 ‎5．sincerely adv.真诚地 ‎6．childhood n．童年，幼年 ‎7．focus vi.& vt.集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦；n.焦点；重点 ‎8．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 ‎9．manner n．方式；态度，举止 ‎10．cruel adj.伤人的；残酷的，残忍的 ‎11．remark n．& vi.评论，谈论 ‎12．dislike vt.不喜欢，厌恶 ‎13．apologize vi.道歉 ‎14．athletic adj.擅长运动的；健壮的 ‎15．envy vt.& n．羡慕，忌妒 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎16. pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作 ‎17．cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的 ‎18．admit vt.&vi.承认；允许进入，接纳 ‎19．swear vt.&vi.发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话→swore(过去式)→sworn(过去分词)‎ ‎20．truly adv.真诚地，诚恳地，衷心地→true adj.真实的→truth n．真相 ‎21．forgive vt.原谅，宽恕→forgave(过去式)→forgiven(过去分词)‎ ‎22．superb adj.极佳的；卓越的 ‎23．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的→guilt n．内疚 ‎24．argue vi.争论，争吵；主张，论证；说服→argument n．争论，争吵 ‎25．awkward adj.令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的 ‎26．quarrel n．& vi.争吵，争执 ‎27．sensitive adj.易生气的；敏感的；体贴的 ‎28．blame vt.责备，指责；n.(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责 ‎29．gifted adj.有天赋的，有天才的 ‎30．disagreement n．分歧，争论，意见不一 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎31．get along/on with与……相处 ‎32．feel ashamed感到羞耻 ‎33．spy on暗中监视，窥探 ‎34．keep pace with(与……)步调一致，(与……)同步 ‎35．before long不久，很快 ‎36．be proud of因……感到自豪 ‎37．stare at sb.盯着某人 ‎38．feel like doing sth.想要做某事 ‎39．keep one’s word信守诺言 ‎40．be determined to do sth.决心做某事 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎41．I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz...‎ 考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意……‎ ‎42．I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her.‎ 我想我永远也不会真正原谅她。‎ ‎43．Football is very important to me，but so is our friendship.‎ 足球对我来说很重要，我们的友谊也是如此。‎ ‎44．I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.‎ 我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。‎ ‎45. If so，the problem lies with you，not her.‎ 如果是这样的话，问题在于你而不在于她。‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah.‎ 我感觉被我的朋友汉娜出卖了。‎ betray vt.出卖；背叛；泄露；流露(想掩饰的情感)‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中betray的汉语意思 ‎(1)In reality，she betrayed her parents’ trust.It is time she worked hard.辜负 ‎(2)The young man betrayed his best friend，which amazed me.背叛 ‎(3)When he saw us，his expression betrayed he failed the quiz.流露 ‎※betray sb.背叛某人 betray...to...把……出卖/泄露给……‎ betray oneself 露出本来面目，原形毕露 ‎※betrayal n．出卖；背叛 ‎※betrayer n．泄密者 ‎(4)He betrayed the news to all his friends.‎ 他把消息泄露给了他所有的朋友。‎ ‎(5)I would not forgive him，because I could not stand his betrayal(betray)．‎ 我不会原谅他的，因为我无法忍受他的背叛。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(6)The man was betrayed himself when he opened his mouth.‎ ‎ Afterwards，I pretended to be cheerful...‎ 后来，我假装很高兴……‎ pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作 pretend to do...假装做……‎ pretend to be doing...假装正在做……‎ pretend to have done...假装做过……‎ pretend that...假装……‎ pretend (to be)＋n. 扮作，装扮成……‎ 注意：pretend 后接动词不定式的时候，一定注意不定式时态的变化。根据句意可以用一般式、进行式和完成式。 和pretend有类似用法的还有happen，appear，seem，claim，be said to等。‎ ‎(1)The squirrel pretended to be dead in order to avoid getting injured.那只松鼠装死来避免受到伤害。‎ ‎(2)You needn’t pretend that you are cheerful.‎ 你不必假装高兴。‎ ‎(3)When the minister came in，the two cheaters were pretending to be working(work) busily.‎ 当大臣进来的时候，那两个骗子假装正在忙碌地工作。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)这个人假装已经知道了那个消息。‎ ‎①The man pretended to have known the news.(简单句)‎ ‎②The man pretended that he had known the news.(复合句)‎ ‎ ...I admitted how badly I had done.‎ ‎……我承认我做得(试卷)有多么糟糕。‎ admit vt.& vi.承认；准许某人进入，接纳 ‎※admit＋n. 承认……‎ admit doing...承认做……‎ admit＋thatclause承认……‎ admit＋n.＋to be承认……为……‎ admit＋n.＋into/to...准许进入……；准许加入，接收(入学)‎ ‎※admission n．准许，允许；入场费；门票费 注意：admit后不能接不定式作宾语。‎ ‎(1)Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.(2018•天津)‎ 后来他们都承认最初感觉到的是冷水。‎ ‎(2)You must admit the task to be difficult.‎ 你必须承认这个任务是艰巨的。‎ ‎(3)He gets full marks in every quiz，so he is to be admitted(admit) into Nanjing University.他每次测验都得满分，所以他一定能被南京大学录取。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)He admitted that he had made a serious mistake.‎ ‎→He admitted having made a serious mistake.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ ‎ ...because she couldn’t keep her word.‎ ‎……因为她没信守诺言。‎ keep one’s word＝keep one’s promise信守诺言 break one’s word＝break one’s promise违背诺言 in other words换句话说，也就是说 in a/one word总之，一句话 have a word with sb.和某人谈一谈 have words with sb.与某人吵架 注意：与word有关的短语中，word本身的单数和复数是有区别的，不能混淆一谈。word单数时意为“诺言；信息；消息”；而words意为“歌词；台词；谈话，言语”。‎ ‎(1)I believe in him because he is always keeping his word/promise.我相信他是因为他总是信守诺言。‎ ‎(2)Never break your word/promise，or no one will trust you.永远不要失信，否则没有人会相信你。‎ ‎(3)Joe doesn’t like to work.In other words，he is lazy!‎ 乔不喜欢工作。换句话说，他懒惰！‎ ‎(4)In a/one word，practice is far more important than book knowledge.总之，实践远比书本知识更重要。‎ ‎(5)Can I have a word with him alone?‎ 我可以和他单独谈谈吗？‎ ‎(6)I had words with him for it last night.‎ 昨晚因为那件事我和他吵了一架。‎ ‎ I don’t think I can ever truly forgive her.‎ 我想我永远也不会真正原谅她。‎ forgive v．(forgave，forgiven)原谅，宽恕；饶恕 forgive sb.sth.原谅某人某事 forgive sb.for (doing) sth.原谅某人(做)某事 excuse sb.for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而原谅某人 thank sb.for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而感谢某人 praise sb.for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而表扬某人 punish sb.for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而惩罚某人 scold sb.for (doing) sth.因为(做)某事而责备某人 ‎(1)Sorry，please forgive us，you have a really nice place.(2018•天津)‎ 对不起，请原谅我们，你们有一个不错的地方。‎ ‎(2)He never forgave her for betraying(betray) him.‎ 他一直没有原谅她背叛自己。‎ ‎(3)The teacher praised the boy for his courage.‎ 老师因为男孩的勇气而表扬了他。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Forgive him ∧for what he has done and give him a chance to correct his mistake!‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ The other team was superb and we really had to focus.‎ 另外一个组非常优秀，我们必须得集中精力。‎ focus vt.&vi.集中注意力于……，(使)聚焦；n.焦点；重点 focus on/upon集中于；以……为重点 focus one’s attention/thoughts on sth.集中某人的注意力/思想于某事 focus...on...把……对准/集中于……‎ the focus of...……的焦点/中心 bring...into focus使……成为焦点 ‎(1)In tonight’s programme our focus is on England.‎ 在今晚的节目中我们的焦点是英国。‎ ‎(2)It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.它反映了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的焦点，承载着父母的希望。‎ ‎(3)You will want to continue to focus on/upon positive choices.(2018•全国Ⅱ)‎ 你会希望继续关注积极的选择。‎ ‎(4)They focused all their attention on finding a solution to the problem.‎ 他们集中全部注意力寻找解决这个问题的办法。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)With his attention focusingfocused on his study，he forgot the date completely.‎ ‎ He got annoyed，saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me，and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner.他被惹火了，说他的球技不如我不是他的错，还说我不该那样和他说话。‎ manner n．方式；方法；举止；态度；[pl.]礼貌，规矩；风俗 in this manner以这种方式 good/bad manners有/没礼貌 It’s good/bad manners to do sth.做某事是有/没礼貌的。‎ ‎(1)The waitress always treats the guests in a friendly manner.‎ 这个女服务员总是礼貌地对待客人。‎ ‎(2)You should mind your manners(manner)．Don’t laugh at the disabled.‎ 你应该注意你的礼貌。不要嘲笑残疾人。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)It is good mannermanners to say hello to your neighbors.‎ ‎(4)I don’t wish you to discuss my children within a rude manner.‎ ‎ He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me.‎ 他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情，只是为了伤害我。‎ accuse v．指责；控告，指控 ‎※accuse sb.of sth.因某事指责某人 accuse sb.of doing sth.指责/控告某人做了某事 ‎※charge sb.with sth.指控某人做某事 ‎ 与accuse用法相类似的还有：rob sb.of sth.；warn sb.of sth.；remind sb.of sth.；convince sb.of sth.；inform sb.of sth.等。‎ ‎(1)Since you accuse the young man of stealing your electric bike，please show your evidence.既然你指控这个年轻人偷了你的电动车，请出示一下证据吧。‎ ‎(2)The old photo reminded me of the happy days we spent together.‎ 这张老照片让我想起了我们一起度过的快乐时光。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(3)The young man who was accused of stealing the computer was from a rich family.‎ ‎→The young man accused of stealing the computer was from a rich family.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ ‎ I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too，but I dislike seeing our team lose.‎ 我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。‎ guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的 be/feel guilty (about sth.)(对某事)感到内疚 be guilty of犯有……罪；有……过错 find...guilty of裁定……犯……罪 ‎(1)I felt guilty about my bad manners towards my mother.我对妈妈的无礼让我感到内疚。‎ ‎(2)Some journalists are guilty of reporting scandals in order to sell papers.有些记者为增加报纸销量而去报道丑闻，这种做法不对。‎ ‎(3)According to the new law，people who are guilty of drunk driving shall face a fine of up to 2,000 yuan.‎ 根据新的法律，酒驾犯罪的人将面临高达2 000元的罚款。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The man was found guilty forof murder，and he was condemned to death.‎ remark vi.& n．评论 ‎※remark on/upon sth./sb.对某事/某人进行评论 remark that...评论……‎ make a remark/remarks on/about sb./sth.对某人/某事进行评论 ‎※remarkable adj.不寻常的，奇特的 ‎※remarkably adv.不寻常地，突出地 ‎(5)The wellknown politician made a sharp remark on/about the group’s cruel and horrible crime.‎ 那位著名的政治家对该组织的残忍而可怕的罪行进行了尖锐的评论。‎ ‎(6)The editor remarked that the article was well written.‎ 编辑评论说那篇文章写得很好。‎ ‎(7)All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remarkable(remark)．‎ ‎(2018•北京)‎ 所有这些使得无家可归的汤姆•史密斯的行为更加不寻常了。‎ ‎(8)The car is in remarkably(remark) good condition for its age.就车龄而言，这辆车的状况非常好。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(9)The judge remarked ∧on/upon the high standard of entries for the competition.‎ ‎(10)After the usual greetings and some remarkremarks about the weather，the men got down to their own business.‎ ‎ Since we argued，he hasn’t spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class.‎ 自从我们争吵后，即使我们在教室里相邻而坐，他也不和我说话。‎ argue vi.争吵，争论 ‎※argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人为某事争论 argue for/against...赞成/反对……‎ argue that...主张……‎ argue sb.into/out of doing sth.力劝某人做/不做某事 ‎※argument n．争论 ‎(1)They strongly argue against going sightseeing there next Sunday.‎ 他们坚决反对下个星期天去那儿观光。‎ ‎(2)Experts argue that those playful students should focus on their schoolwork.专家主张那些贪玩的学生应该把注意力放到功课上。‎ ‎(3)We argued the doorkeeper into admitting us into the stadium.‎ 我们力劝守门人允许我们进入体育场。‎ ‎(4)An honest man was guilty of killing an old man，which caused heated argument(argue)．‎ 一个诚实的人犯罪，杀害了一个老人，这引起了激烈的争论。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)我们强烈反对把他们从监狱里释放出来。‎ ‎①We had powerful arguments against releasing them from prison.(argument)‎ ‎②We strongly argued against releasing them from prison.(argue)‎ ‎ The things he said hurt me too，but he has not apologized to me.他说的话也伤了我的心，但他还没向我道歉。‎ apologize vi.道歉 ‎※apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉 ‎※apology n．道歉 make an apology to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉 owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉 ‎(1)I apologized to her for not keeping her secret.‎ 我因没有替她保密而向她道歉。‎ ‎(2)Jack，you owe your sister an apology for losing her edictionary.‎ 杰克，你应该为弄丢了你姐姐的电子词典向她道歉。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)他因没有去参加她的派对向她道歉。‎ ‎①He apologized to her for not going to her party.(apologize)‎ ‎②He made an apology to her for not going to her party.(apology)‎ ‎ Was it because you were ashamed of your horrible grade，or because you envied her？是因为你对自己糟糕的分数感到羞愧，还是因为你忌妒她？‎ envy vt.& n．忌妒，羡慕 envy sb.(for) sth.忌妒/羡慕某人某事 feel envy at...对……感到忌妒/羡慕 the envy of...……是忌妒/羡慕的对象 out of envy出于羡慕，由于嫉妒 ‎(1)I envy the little boy his happiness in his childhood.‎ 我羡慕那个小男孩童年的快乐。‎ ‎(2)His new house was the envy of all his friends.‎ 他的新居成了所有朋友羡慕的对象。‎ ‎(3)They quarreled with you about this only out of envy.‎ 他们纯粹由于忌妒才与你就此事争吵的。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)我们不需要妒忌任何人，因为我们的存在是独一无二的。‎ ‎①We do not need to envy any other person，for our existence is actually unique！(envy v．)‎ ‎②We do not need to feel envy at any other person，for our existence is actually unique！(envy n．)‎ ‎ While it may feel cruel，if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her.即使这让人感到残酷，但如果她真的是你的好朋友，你应当为你责备她而道歉。‎ blame vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备 be to blame (for sth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备 blame sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事责备某人；把(做)某事归咎于某人 blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人 ‎(1)Could you tell me who is to blame for this accident?‎ 你能告诉我，谁为这次的事故负责吗？‎ ‎(2)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.‎ ‎(2017•全国Ⅲ)‎ 很多人发现早上起床很难，并把这归咎于闹钟。 ‎ ‎(3)Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.‎ 许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)As the boy was blamed by his teacher，he was in low spirits.‎ ‎→Blamed by his teacher，the boy was in low spirits.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ ‎ Talk to your friend and I’m sure that，before long，you’ll be back playing football together.跟你的朋友谈谈，我敢确定，不久之后，你们会重新一起踢足球。‎ before long不久 ‎(1)His plan seemed to be too difficult，but before long it proved to be practicable.他的计划看起来太困难，但是没多久就被证明很实用。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　before long，long before ‎※before long是介词短语，在句中作时间状语，意为“不久之后，很快”，常用于一般将来时或一般过去时。‎ ‎※long before一般用作副词短语，意为“很久以前”，多用于完成时态；有时long before可分开理解，before作介词或连词，后接短语或句子。‎ ‎[选词填空]　before long，long before ‎(2)He had worked in the factory long before he got married.‎ ‎(3)I hope to see you again before long.‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)It wasn’t long whenbefore the worker had the machine taken apart.‎ 经典句式 ‎ I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz...‎ 考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意……‎ must have done表示对过去做过的事情的肯定推测，意为“(过去)肯定做过……”；该结构的其他变化形式还有：‎ ‎※must be doing sth.表示说话人主观推测某人(此时)肯定正在做某事。‎ ‎※must be＋n./adj./adv.表示“一定是……”。‎ ‎※must do sth.表示“一 定做了某事”。该结构中的动词常常是一些不能用于进行时态的行为动词。‎ ‎(1)He knows much about France.He must have been there.他对法国了解很多，他肯定去过那儿。‎ ‎(2)He is not here.He must be playing football outside.他不在这儿，他一定正在外面踢足球。‎ ‎(3)You look like each other.You must be twins.‎ 你们长得很像，肯定是双胞胎。‎ ‎[误区释义]‎ 该句型的反义疑问句形式要根据前半句的具体时间状语来确定。对已经发生的过去的情况的推测，若陈述句的谓语部分有must have done，而且有过去的时间状语，问句部分用didn’t；若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用haven’t或者hasn’t；如果句子中有表示过去完成时的时间状语，问句部分应该用hadn’t。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[完成下列句子的反义疑问句]‎ ‎(4)He must have read the book yesterday，didn’t he?‎ ‎(5)She must have been to Shanghai，hasn’t she?‎ ‎(6)They must be watching TV now at home，aren’t they?‎ ‎ Football is very important to me，but so is our friendship.‎ 足球对我来说很重要，我们的友谊也是如此。‎ ‎※so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，此句型只用于肯定句中，表示“某人或某物情况也是如此”。‎ ‎※在否定句中要用：neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语。‎ ‎※如果前面提到了两种或者两种以上的情况，尤其是既有否定情况又有肯定情况，就用so it is with...和It’s the same with...句式来表达前面的情况也适用于后者。‎ ‎※so＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词，此句型用来表示赞成前一说话者的内容，可以译为“是的”或者“的确如此”。‎ ‎(1)For convenience，Li Ming’s neighborhood opened a shop，and so did ours.为了方便起见，李明所在的社区开了一家商店，我们社区也开了一家。‎ ‎(2)—His school has built several new washrooms.‎ ‎—So has our school.‎ ‎——他所在的学校建了几个新的洗手间。‎ ‎——我们学校也是。‎ ‎(3)He has lost the address；so have I.‎ 他丢了地址，我也是。‎ ‎(4)If you don’t go to visit our former teacher，nor will I．如果你不去看望我们以前的老师，我也不去。‎ ‎(5)—Mary likes Chinese but she dislikes math.‎ ‎—So it is with me./It’s the same with me.‎ ‎——玛丽喜欢语文但她不喜欢数学。‎ ‎——我也是如此。‎ ‎(6)—Tom can speak French.‎ ‎—So he can.‎ ‎——汤姆会讲法语。‎ ‎——的确如此。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[巧学助记]‎ So I do，so I do，正常语序跟着so，“的确如此”，“是这样”，前后主语要一样。‎ So do I，so do I，倒装语序跟着so，表示“某某也一样”，前后主语不一样。‎ I do so，I do so，“do so” 不变放后头，表示“做了那件事情”，代替前面免重复。‎ ‎ ...I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.……我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。‎ cannot help doing sth.忍不住做某事，无法控制做某事 can’t help but do sth.不得不做某事 can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事 ‎(1)When the old man heard the news that his son was still alive，he couldn’t help crying.当这位老人听到他儿子还活着的消息时，他不禁喜极而泣。‎ ‎(2)Faced with so much trouble，I can’t help but turn to my parents for help.‎ 面对这么多的困难，我不得不向我的父母求助。‎ ‎(3)I can’t help (to) do some cleaning because I am busy preparing for the entrance exams.我不能帮忙打扫卫生了，因为我在忙着准备入学考试。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)While shopping，people sometimes can’t help ∧being persuaded into buying something they don’t really need.‎ ‎ If so，the problem lies with you，not her.‎ 如果是这样的话，问题在于你，而不是她。‎ ‎※if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，可以用来代替整个从句，省略前面出现过的主语和动词，表示肯定意义。‎ ‎※由if，when等构成的此类省略形式：‎ if not如果不，不然的话 if necessary如果必要的话 if any如果有的话 if possible如果可能的话 when necessary 当必要时 when possible当可能时 ‎(1)Have you got a free evening next week? If so，let’s go dancing.‎ 下周你哪一个晚上有空？如果有空，我们去跳舞。‎ ‎(2)Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let us open the windows.有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，让我们把窗子打开吧。‎ ‎(3)If necessary，I will go there in person.‎ 如果必要的话，我将亲自去那儿。‎ ‎(4)—Have you been to the Great Wall?‎ ‎—Perhaps not in my memory.If ever，it might have been during my early childhood.‎ ‎——你去过长城吗？‎ ‎——没印象。如果去过的话，应该是在我童年早期。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I feel guilty(guilt) because I can’t spare enough time to spend with my family.‎ ‎2．It’s bad manners(manner) to stare at a foreigner for a very long time.‎ ‎3．It is said that the area is remarkable(remark) for its scenery.‎ ‎4．The man was accused of abusing his power while he was working in that city.‎ ‎5．After a long silence，the boy admitted having lied/lying(lie) to the policeman.‎ ‎6．I will try my best to argue him into giving up his stupid plan.‎ ‎7．It won’t be long before we work out a way to overcome the difficulties.‎ ‎8．The students listened to their teacher attentively with their attention focused(focus) on the text.‎ ‎9．When his mother entered the room，he pretended to be studying(study) hard.‎ ‎10．It was the driver that was to blame(blame) for the terrible accident that day.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.‎ 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。‎ ‎12．He feels so lonely that he won’t stay here any more.‎ 他太孤独了，以至于不想再在这儿待下去了。‎ ‎13．I can’t help recalling some good memories about my high school life.‎ 我情不自禁地回想起一些关于我高中生活的美好回忆。‎ ‎14．If so，who will take over his job is a problem.‎ 如果这样的话，谁接替他的工作是个问题。‎ ‎15．You have seen that new film，and so have I.‎ 你看过那部新电影，我也看过。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．If I were you，I’d talk with them instead of arguing(争论) with them.‎ ‎2．What an awkward(笨拙的) dancer! We were all amused by his performance.‎ ‎3．Laura is sensitive(敏感的) about her weight，so don’t mention it while staying with her.‎ ‎4．Forgive(宽恕) me for interrupting，but I really don’t agree with you.‎ ‎5．We need to focus(集中) public attention on this issue.‎ ‎6．Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame(责备) for this.‎ ‎7．Honestly speaking，I envy(羡慕) you having such a close family.‎ ‎8．The magazine often remarks(评论) upon performance of some countries’ leaders.‎ ‎9．It is your fault，so you should make an apology(道歉) to her at once.‎ ‎10．He pretended(假装) to his family that everything was fine.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎11．The woman felt ashamed(shame) for what her son had done at the party.‎ ‎12．My brother must be reading(read) my message at the moment.‎ ‎13．Lily finally admitted having taken(take) my umbrella by mistake that day.‎ ‎14．With his thoughts focused(focus) on his new book，he didn’t notice me enter his study.‎ ‎15．Keeping pace with teachers is a fine way to study English.‎ ‎16．As a result of careless washing，the jacket shrank to a child’s size.‎ ‎17．She likes making a remark on others’ appearance，which is rude.‎ ‎18．The young couple often argue with each other over their son’s education.‎ ‎19．You should apologize to him for what you said to him last night.‎ ‎20．I hear that Tom is ill.If so，I will go to see him this afternoon.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎21．It is said that his son was accused withof blowing up the government building last night.‎ ‎22．Mother often tells me to solve the problems within a right manner.‎ ‎23．Would you please remark toon the present situation?‎ ‎24．The young girl is fond of love stories and so doam I.‎ ‎25．You’d better keep your wordsword，or I won’t believe in you.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎26．I can’t help but imagine how hard their life was at that time.‎ ‎→I can’t help imagining how hard their life was at that time!‎ ‎27．If Mary goes to the village，I will go there，too.‎ ‎→If Mary goes to the village，so will I.‎ ‎28．If it is possible，I will go to see my teacher when I get there.‎ ‎→If possible，I will go to see my teacher when I get there.‎ ‎29．When he saw us，he pretended that he was reading something.‎ ‎→When he saw us，he pretended to be reading something.‎ ‎30．When we were in that shop，the shopkeeper treated us politely.‎ ‎→When we were in that shop，the shopkeeper treated us in a polite manner.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 ‎(2017•全国Ⅱ)‎ I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.‎ We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员保罗•纽曼之间的友谊。‎ ‎31．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn’t like his agent.‎ C．He wasn’t famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。‎ ‎32．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ A．They were of the same age.‎ B．They worked in the same theater.‎ C．They were both good actors.‎ D．They had similar characteristics.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。‎ ‎33．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Their belief.‎ B．Their care for children.‎ C．Their success.‎ D．Their support for each other.‎ 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that...”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。‎ ‎34．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To show his love of films.‎ B．To remember a friend.‎ C．To introduce a new movie.‎ D．To share his acting experience.‎ 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是纪念一位朋友，故选B项。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 On Sunday I had my own Father’s Day celebration. Suddenly I 35 about my dad a lot. My dad is 36 the kindest man in the world. He would never 37 anyone in trouble.‎ Every Thursday night，my dad would 38 Shreveport，to a church there. I always drove the car for him.‎ ‎ 39 this happened many times，I recall(回想起) one incident on one of those trips to Shreveport. That time on the 40 ，my dad saw a hitchhiker(搭便车的人 )．Dad asked me to pull the car over and offer him a 41 .Dad asked him his name and address，told him ours，and talked to him about all sorts of things.‎ At first the hitchhiker was hesitant(迟疑的)，but he changed his 42 as he could tell we were really listening to him. I did know that it was quite 43 outside and the hitchhiker was very happy to be able to get a lift in our warm car.‎ We 44 another fortyfive minutes and learned that the hitchhiker was 45 many difficulties in life. Dad told him to keep his head up and said that 46 would become better for him soon. He 47 into his pocket and handed the hitchhiker a twentydollar bill，leaving ‎ only a tendollar bill for himself. The hitchhiker then became very 48 .‎ I was always told never to 49 a hitchhiker and yet my dad did it every time he saw one. Dad always gave them money 50 he did not have much of his own.‎ From that I’ve learned a lot about my dad and 51 .I’ve learned that if you come from a place with 52 ，you will show a lot of kindness to people who are 53 .Just one single kind act may 54 someone’s life.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲总是帮助别人，作者从中受到很大的影响和教育。‎ ‎35．A. worried B．thought C．talked D．learned 答案　B 解析　worry 担忧；think 想，认为；talk 谈论；learn 学习。根据下文作者对父亲的描述可知，他想到了自己的父亲。故选B。‎ ‎36．A. hardly B．basically C．absolutely D．finally 答案　C 解析　hardly 几乎不；basically 最基本地；absolutely 绝对地；finally 最后。根据下文的故事可知，作者认为父亲绝对是最善良的人。故选C。‎ ‎37．A. refuse B．receive C．abandon D．abuse 答案　A 解析　refuse 拒绝；receive 收到；abandon 抛弃；abuse 滥用。因为父亲是善良的，所以他从不拒绝帮助别人。故选A。‎ ‎38．A. drive to B．stay in C．come from D．head for 答案　D 解析　drive to开车去；stay in停留在；come from从……来；head for前往……。根据后面的“...to a church there. I always drove the car for him.”可知，作者的父亲是要去Shreveport，故选D。‎ ‎39．A. Because B．So C．Unless D．Although 答案　D 解析　虽然作者经常帮他开车去做礼拜，但是作者仍然记得其中的一件事情。上下文之间为转折关系，故选D。‎ ‎40．A. field B．street C．side D．way 答案　D 解析　field田地；street街道；side 方面；way道路。根据句中的“my dad saw a hitchhiker(搭便车的人)”可知，作者和父亲是在去Shreveport的途中。故选D。‎ ‎41．A. gift B．lift C．chance D．sign 答案　B 解析　gift礼物；lift搭便车；chance机会；sign 迹象。根据下文可知，父亲让搭车人上车，准备载他一程。故选B。‎ ‎42．A. attitude B．trip C．route D．road 答案　A 解析　attitude 态度；trip旅行；route路线；road 公路。根据句中的“At first the hitchhiker was hesitant(迟疑的)．..”可知，当他知道“我们”在认真地听他讲话时，态度也就变了。故选A。‎ ‎43．A. dark B．sunny C．cold D．windy 答案　C 解析　dark 黑的；sunny 阳光明媚的；cold 冷的；windy 有风的。根据句中的“get a lift in our warm car”可推断，外面很冷。故选C。‎ ‎44．A. walked B．escaped C．drove D．flew 答案　C 解析　walk散步；escape逃脱；drive驾驶；fly飞。根据语境可知，当时他们一直在开车。故选C。‎ ‎45．A. confronting B．finding C．deciding D．causing 答案　A 解析　confront面对，对抗；find 找到；decide决定；cause 引起。根据下一句“Dad told him to keep his head up and said that would become better for him soon.”可知，那个人当时面临很多困难。故选A。‎ ‎46．A. something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 答案　D 解析　something某事；anything任何事情；nothing什么也没有；everything每件事情，一切。根据前文的“many difficulties”可知，选D。‎ ‎47．A. turned B．reached C．looked D．got 答案　B 解析　turn转变；reach到达，(伸手)去够；look看；get得到。根据句中“into his pocket”可知，作者的父亲把手伸进衣袋里拿钱给他。故选B。‎ ‎48．A. angry B．nervous C．sad D．grateful 答案　D 解析　angry生气的；nervous紧张不安的；sad伤心的；grateful感激的。根据常识可知，那个人得到父亲的帮助后应该很感激。故选D。‎ ‎49．A. give up B．pick up C．put up D．set up 答案　B 解析　give up放弃；pick up让人乘车，搭载；put up举起；set up建立。根据句中的“yet my dad did it every time he saw one”可知，这里指别人告诉作者永远不要让路人搭便车。故选B。‎ ‎50．A. and B．if C．though D．unless 答案　C 解析　and 和；if 如果；though尽管；unless除非。根据空后的“he did not have much of his own”可知，前后两个分句表示让步关系，故选C。句意为：尽管父亲不是很有钱，他还是经常资助搭便车的人。‎ ‎51．A. life B．business C．adventure D．entertainment 答案　A 解析　life 生活；business生意；adventure冒险；entertainment娱乐。根据下文可知，作者学到了父亲乐于助人的品质和生活的道理。故选A。‎ ‎52．A. laughter B．success C．complaint D．love 答案　D 解析　laughter笑；success成功；complaint抱怨；love爱。根据后文的“a lot of kindness”可知，只有在爱的环境中成长的人才会善待他人。故选D。‎ ‎53．A. suffering B．travelling C．playing D．studying 答案　A 解析　suffer受苦；travel旅行；play玩耍；study学习。有爱心的人会帮助遭受痛苦的人。故选A。‎ ‎54．A. enjoy B．change C．risk D．share 答案　B 解析　enjoy享受；change改变；risk冒险；share分享。根据句中的“kind act”和全文内容可知，一次简单的善行可能会改变某个人的一生。故选B。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 When you smile，not only do you feel happy，55. you also bring a ray of light into the lives of others. Someone once 56. (say)，“A smile is a curve(弧线) that sets everything straight.”Know that a smile is a little thing that can produce great results.57. it takes is a smile to make short work of many 58. (difficult)，for just being happy can help others. I have often thought of a smile 59. the touch of God given to his people.‎ A day without a smile is a day wasted. Some people grin(咧嘴笑) and bear it，while 60. smile and change the world. Don’t you love the feelings of being 61. (return) with a smile？It can move into the soul and release good into the world. It can make friends with 62. (strange)．It can bring friends closer together. It can bridge the generation gap. It can fill the heart with love.‎ A smile is a light in the window of the soul，63. (indicate) that the heart is at home. God puts a smile on our faces so that we would see that the world needs that breath to 64. (light) the darkness in our life.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，论述了微笑的重要性以及微笑对人们生活的影响。‎ ‎55．答案　but 解析　考查并列连词。根据句中的“not only”可知，此处考查not only...but also...结构。‎ ‎56．答案　said 解析　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“once”可知，此处应用一般过去时态，故填said。‎ ‎57．答案　What 解析　考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。‎ ‎58．答案　difficulties 解析　考查名词复数。difficulty意为“难事”，many后接可数名词的复数，故填difficulties。‎ ‎59．答案　as 解析　考查固定搭配。think of...as...认为……是……。‎ ‎60．答案　others 解析　考查代词。分析句子可知，该句考查some...others...意为“一些人……其他人……”。‎ ‎61．答案　returned 解析　考查非谓语动词。you与return之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎62．答案　strangers 解析　考查词性转换。由上文中的friends可知，此处应为strangers，意为“陌生人”。‎ ‎63．答案　indicating 解析　考查非谓语动词。indicate与其逻辑主语a smile之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎64．答案　lighten 解析　考查词性转换。因为to为不定式符号，且在此处表示目的，故其后加动词原形。故用lighten意为“(使)变明亮”。‎ Period Three　Word Power & Grammar and usage & Task ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ We stay up at night and talk about many things.‎ 我们谈天说地，聊到深夜。‎ stay up深夜不睡觉，熬夜；挺住 stay at停留在 stay out待在外面，不在家；继续罢工 stay behind留下来不走，留在后面 stay away from离……远点；躲避 ‎(1)I stayed up the whole night studying for the midterm exam.为了期中考试我学习了一晚上都没睡。‎ ‎(2)They stayed behind after the party to help clear up.‎ 聚会结束之后，他们留下来帮忙收拾。‎ ‎(3)I’m glad he’s staying away from smoking.‎ 我很高兴他正在戒烟。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)If you do fall out of the boat，your lifejacket will help you stayedstay up until we can fish you out.‎ ‎ We will listen to your problems and offer you practical advice on how to overcome them.我们将倾听你的问题并且就怎么克服它们提供给你实用的建议。‎ overcome (overcame，overcome) vt.克服，解决 ‎※overcome one’s shortcomings克服缺点 overcome one’s nervousness克服紧张情绪 ‎※be overcome by/with被……压倒/制服 ‎(1)They overcame the enemy easily.‎ 他们轻松地战胜了敌人。‎ ‎(2)They overcame all kinds of difficulties and fulfilled the task.他们克服了所有的困难并完成了任务。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(3)As I was overcome by fear，I didn’t want to stay in this dark room.‎ ‎→Overcome by fear，I didn’t want to stay in this dark room.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ ‎ Our lines can get very busy，but please keep trying and you will soon get through.我们的线路可能很忙，但是请不断尝试，你很快会接通的。‎ get through (用电话)接通；完成，解决；通过(考试)；用完，耗尽 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中get through的汉语意思 ‎(1)Have you got through with your work？完成 ‎(2)I couldn’t get through to you yesterday though I tried several times.接通(电话)‎ ‎(3)Tom failed the exam but his sister got through.通过(考试)‎ ‎(4)We got through a large amount of money while we were on holiday.用完，耗尽 go through经历(苦难等)；经过(阶段等)；浏览；通过 pull through康复；渡过难关 break through突围，突破；冲垮 注意：get through和go through极易混淆，在使用的过程中注意区别。‎ ‎[用含有through的短语填空]‎ ‎(5)They will never forget the experience they went through last year.‎ ‎(6)Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull/get through or not.‎ ‎(7)Demonstrators broke through the police cordon(警戒线) finally.‎ ‎ One or two good friends are better than 100 acquaintances.一两个好朋友胜过一百个熟人。‎ acquaintance n．熟人；相识；了解 ‎※make one’s acquaintance＝make the acquaintance of sb.结识某人 have an/some acquaintance with sb./sth.与某人相识/有点相识；(有点)了解某事物 ‎※acquaint vt.使了解；使熟知；告知 acquaint oneself with sth.使熟悉/了解某事/物 ‎※acquainted adj.熟识的；知晓的 be acquainted with...了解……，认识……‎ ‎(1)I made his acquaintance/made the acquaintance of him two years ago.‎ 我是两年前认识他的。‎ ‎(2)We should first try to acquaint ourselves(us) with the facts.我们先要设法了解事实。‎ ‎(3)I am very glad to be acquainted(acquaint) with you.‎ 我很高兴认识你。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)How do you do? I’m very delighted to make ∧your acquaintance.‎ 经典句式 ‎ He is not only polite，but also openminded and humorous，so everyone likes him.他不仅有礼貌，而且心胸宽广，也不失幽默，所以大家都很喜欢他。‎ not only...but also...不仅……而且……‎ ‎※用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。‎ ‎※当not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎※为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后接的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式(but also后面的分句不倒装)。‎ ‎※also有时可以省略。‎ ‎(1)Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.(连接两个主语)‎ 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。‎ ‎(2)We were not only hungry，but also tired.(连接两个表语)‎ 我们不但饿了，而且也累了。‎ ‎(3)His name is known not only in Japan，but (also) in China.(连接两个状语)‎ 他不仅在日本出名，而且在中国也出名。‎ ‎(4)Not only do they need clothing，but they are also short of water.‎ 他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)Not only the girl but also her parents likeslike this new film very much.‎ ‎ You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic！你知道我宁愿去看牙科医生也不愿去学代数和算术！‎ ‎※would rather do...than do...‎ ‎＝would do...rather than do...‎ 宁愿……(而)不愿……/与其……倒不如……‎ would rather (not) do宁愿(不)做……‎ ‎※“would rather＋从句”中用过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。‎ ‎※would rather have done本来想做……而未实现 注意：表达“宁愿做……而不愿做……”的其他结构还有：‎ ‎※prefer to do...rather than do...‎ ‎※prefer doing...to doing...‎ ‎※do...instead of doing...‎ ‎(1)He would rather die than betray his friends.‎ 他宁死也不出卖他的朋友们。‎ ‎(2)I would rather you hadn’t told(tell) him the news that day.‎ 我真希望你那天没把那个消息告诉他。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)We would rather our daughter staystayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(4)She prefers to stay at home watching TV rather than go out to play with me.‎ ‎→She would rather stay at home watching TV than go out to play with me.‎ ‎ Making good friends is more important to me than spending time with family.‎ 交好朋友对我来说，比花时间和家人在一起更重要。‎ more...than...比……更……；与其说……不如说……‎ ‎※“more than＋数词”表示“多于……，……以上”，相当于over。‎ ‎※“more than＋名词/名词性从句/不定式”表示“不止，不仅仅，超过，远不止”。‎ ‎※“more than...can/could＋v.”表示“不能”。‎ ‎※“more than＋adj./adv.”表示“非常，十分……”。‎ ‎※相关的短语拓展 no more than只不过；仅仅 not more than不超过；至多 rather than而不是 other than除了；不同于 ‎ no other than就是，正是 注意：“more than one/many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思 ‎(1)By then he was more than 50 years of age.多于……‎ ‎(2)Peace is much more than the absence of war.不止 ‎(3)That’s more than I can help you.不能 ‎(4)He is more than selfish.非常 ‎(5)His whole education added up to no more than one year.他只接受了一年的教育。‎ ‎(6)It is you，rather than he，that are to blame for this accident.是你，而不是他，应该为这起事故负责任。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The old man is acquainted with the local culture，for he has lived here for ten years.‎ ‎2．It was the big mistake that got the young man into trouble.‎ ‎3．The advice my mother offers to me is very practical(practice)．‎ ‎4．The middleaged woman managed to overcome(overcome) the difficulties to bring up her children.‎ ‎5．He looked very pale，and seemed to have suffered(suffer) a great deal.‎ ‎6．He usually gets through his salary by the middle of the month.‎ ‎7．I had to stay up late to make good preparations for my next test.‎ ‎8．So far，only one man has come up with a theory that seems to fit all the facts.‎ ‎9．Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.‎ ‎10．The day that the children had been looking forward to came(come) at last.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．The two girls were of the same age and later they became good friends.‎ 这两个女孩同龄，后来她们成了好朋友。‎ ‎12．Not only does he work hard，but also he advises his classmates to work hard.‎ 他不但自己努力学习，还劝说同学们也努力学习。‎ ‎13．His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.‎ 他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。‎ ‎14．He is more than our teacher；he’s also our friend.‎ 他不仅仅是我们的老师，还是我们的朋友。‎ ‎15．I would rather I hadn’t gone to see that film last night.‎ 我宁愿昨晚没有去看那部电影。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The girl used to feel awkward(尴尬的) to dance in front of others.‎ ‎2．As a matter of fact，the plays have offered us a lot of amusement(愉悦)．‎ ‎3．These people’s identities(身份) were kept secret in that village.‎ ‎4．The girl standing there would like to make your acquaintance(认识)．‎ ‎5．There are so many difficulties to overcome(克服) in the new job.‎ ‎6．The paintings were sold for absurdly(荒诞地) high price.‎ ‎7．They knocked together two rough mailboxes(邮箱) with wooden boards.‎ ‎8．She is so stubborn，so it’s hopeless(无望的) trying to convince her.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 stay up，no doubt，discourage...from...，get through，suffer from ‎9．No doubt she’ll call us when she gets there.‎ ‎10．The weather discouraged most people from attending.‎ ‎11．You have to go to school tomorrow.So don’t stay up late.‎ ‎12．They suffered from all kinds of illness in those years.‎ ‎13．The line was still busy，but I would try to get through.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎14．Not only did he speak more correctly，but he spoke more easily.‎ ‎15．I would rather I hadn’t bought(not，buy) this ticket yesterday.‎ ‎16．I feel really guilty(guilt) at forgetting her birthday again.‎ ‎17．There is no doubt that the Rockets will defeat the Washington Wizards in the next game.‎ ‎18．His words do not agree with his actions.‎ ‎19．He is in low spirits now and we should do something to cheer him up.‎ ‎20．It was a young boy who came up with such a good idea.‎ ‎21．To our amusement(amuse)，our professor is wearing a red coat today.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎22．I like this new book and my friends also like it.‎ ‎→Not only I but also my friends like this new book.‎ ‎23．The old man doesn’t like going out.He likes staying at home on Sundays.‎ ‎→The old man would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays.‎ ‎24．As a matter of fact，he was very happy to pick you up at the station.‎ ‎→As a matter of fact，he was more than happy to pick you up at the station.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 A ‎“We are good mothers，” I said to my friend，as we sat on our comfortable beach chairs under our beach umbrella and watched our children playing in the waves.‎ Out of nowhere，the children took off running.About fifty yards from us，a man—maybe in his fifties—was fishing.The children stood next to him and watched with their little mouths hanging ‎ open as he cast the fishing lines.He smiled at them.They ran back to us—all except my threeyearold daughter，Drew.‎ My heart beat fast with horror.“Drew! Come here! Play with your friends！” I shouted，very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren’t working.It seemed that many parents heard of horrible stories about children being taken away by strangers.Responsible mothers should teach their children that the world is a dangerous place.So I felt relieved(松口气) when Drew ran towards me and took hold of a shovel(铲子)．Then she looked me in the eye：“I want to be with the person.”‎ Again，she approached the middleaged man，and started digging next to him.‎ Several seconds later，she returned，waving something shiny.‎ ‎“Look，Mommy! A toy fish！”‎ It was，indeed，a toy fish—yellow and rubber.This must have been what he was using to attract the fish.And he’d given it to Drew.The three other children were deeply impressed，and they didn’t try to hide how jealous they were—clearly，they all wanted the fish.‎ ‎“My friend gave me that fish！” Drew shouted loudly.The sand in front of the umbrella turned into a preschool cage match with a yellow rubber fish flying through the air.I felt like I might cry myself.‎ Unexpectedly，there he was：the man，standing right next to us with three more rubber fish in hand.He handed them to each of the children.By their faces，you would have thought he was actually the really kind big brother.‎ ‎“Thank you，” I said，realizing that there is good and kindness in strangers.‎ 语篇解读　作者和朋友带着孩子们在沙滩上玩耍。一个陌生人在钓鱼，为了让孩子们高兴，他把用来吸引鱼的玩具鱼都送给了孩子们。作者非常感激这个好心人。‎ ‎25．How did the author feel when Drew stood beside the man?‎ A．Relieved. B．Angry.‎ C．Concerned. D．Calm.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“My heart beat fast with horror.(我的心跳加快，我很害怕。)”可知作者担心Drew的处境，故选C项。‎ ‎26．The author thinks good mothers should .‎ A．be around their kids B．warn their kids of danger C．teach their kids to behave well D．devote themselves to helping their kids 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Responsible mothers should teach their children that the world is a dangerous place.(负责任的妈妈应该教他们的孩子，这个世界是一个危险的地方。)” 故选B。‎ ‎27．The author was at a loss when .‎ A．Drew handed her the toy fish B．the kids fought for the toy fish C．the toy fish was covered with sand D．the stranger appeared from nowhere 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后两句可知，几个孩子因为一个玩具鱼打了起来，这使作者感到无奈和不知所措。故选B。‎ ‎28．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Give a Kid a Fish B．We Are Good Mothers C．The World Is Dangerous D．Teach Kids to Be Kind 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章最后一句“‘Thank you，’ I said，realizing that there is good and kindness in strangers.”可知，作者意识到有好的、善良的陌生人，而这个故事是由“陌生人给孩子一个玩具鱼”所引起的，故A项符合题意。‎ B My husband，my fourmonthold daughter and I set out on a fiveday driving journey from California to Washington.We had to stop frequently because our little child needed to stretch from the car seat.‎ One of our stops，once we crossed the Oregon border，was at a Black Bear Diner.Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman standing at one side.He was clearly untidy，without shoes and wearing worn clothing.We passed right by him and opened the restaurant door.Then something told me to go back.‎ Holding my daughter，I turned around and said to the gentleman，“Sir.Are you hungry？” He said，“Yes.” I then asked，“May we buy you something to eat？” He responded with，“Sure，I can order something myself.”‎ My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter.I told him to order whatever he wanted.The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frightened.I spoke before he had an opportunity to.“This gentleman will have lunch with us today，” I said.“Please add his order to our bill.” The manager said with a frown(皱眉)，“Okay.” We turned to our table and the gentleman said, loudly and quickly，“Thank you！” We were seated and upon completing our meal we were handed our bill.I asked my husband what the gentleman had ordered.One fresh orange juice，one coffee，one breakfast combination with a side of hash browns.‎ When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didn’t see him，but that very small act just made my day.I hope in some small way we were able to add some joy to his life，even if only for a few minutes.‎ 语篇解读　作者在本文中讲述了一家人去饭馆吃饭时，帮助了一个乞丐模样的人。作者从帮助别人的行为中感到了极大的快乐。‎ ‎29．Why they had to stop frequently during their journey?‎ A．They wanted to visit as many places as they can.‎ B．They stopped to help the gentleman.‎ C．Their little child wanted to eat some food.‎ D．Their child needed to stretch from the car seat.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“We had to stop frequently because our little child ‎ needed to stretch from the car seat.”可知，停车的原因是他们的孩子要在座位上伸懒腰。故选D项。‎ ‎30．From the appearance of the gentleman，we can guess he was probably a(n) .‎ A．waiter B．actor C．beggar D．worker 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“He was clearly untidy，without shoes and wearing worn clothing.”可知，那个男人看上去像是一个乞丐。故选C项。‎ ‎31．The manager of the restaurant looked frightened because .‎ A．the man was not friendly B．the man had stolen something from the restaurant C．he had fired the man before D．he was afraid the man wouldn’t afford to pay the food 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据常识可知，那个男人看上去像是一个乞丐，饭馆经理肯定是怕他付不起饭钱，所以感到害怕。故选D项。‎ ‎32．From the passage，we can infer the man .‎ A．was thankful for their kind act B．felt ashamed and slipped away C．was hungry and ate a lot of food D．was too proud to accept their offer 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We turned to our table and the gentleman said，loudly and quickly，‘Thank you！’”可知，那个男人对作者一家很是感激。故选A项。‎ Ⅵ.七选五 Although problems are a part of our lives，it certainly doesn’t mean that we let them rule our lives forever.One day or the other，you’ll have to stand up and say to the problem，“I don’t want you in my life.”‎ ‎ 33 Problems with friends，parents，girlfriends，husbands，and children—the list goes on.Apart from these，the inner conflicts within ourselves work，too.These keep adding to our problems.Problems come in different shapes，colors and feelings.‎ But good news is that all problems can be dealt with.Now read on to know how to solve your problems.‎ Talk—it really helps.What most of us think is that our problem can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. 34 Talking helps you move on and let go.‎ Write down your problems. 35 When you write down your problems，you are setting free all the tension from your system.You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems.By doing this，imagine yourself throwing away the problems from your life.‎ Don’t lose faith and hope.No matter what you lose in life，don’t lose faith and hope.Even if you lose all your money，family...you should still have faith. 36 ‎ Your problems aren’t the worst.No matter what problems you get in life，there’re another one million people whose problems are huger than yours. 37 Your problems might just seem big and worse，but in reality they can be removed.‎ Go about and solve your problems because every problem，however big or small，always has a ‎ way out.‎ A．But the truth is that when you talk about it，you’re setting free the negative energies that have been gathered within you.‎ B．When we have a problem，a pressing，critical，urgent，lifethreatening problem，how do we try and solve it?‎ C．Tell yourself：since they can deal with them，why can’t I?‎ D．Of course，we’ve been fighting troubles ever since we were born.‎ E．We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.‎ F．Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don’t want a real person to talk with.‎ G．With faith and hope，you can rebuild everything that you lose.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了生活中遇到问题时的几种解决方法。‎ ‎33．答案　D 解析　根据下文的“Problems with friends，parents，girlfriends，husbands，and children—the list goes on.”可知，各种各样的麻烦一直在我们左右。故此处与D项吻合。‎ ‎34．答案　A 解析　根据空后的句子“Talking helps you move on and let go.”可知，此处是说与人交谈会使你继续前行并释怀，与A项内容吻合。‎ ‎35．答案　F 解析　根据空前的“Write down your problems.”和空后的“When you write down your problems，you are setting free all the tension from your system.”可知，F项“如果你不想和一个真人交谈，写个人日记也会有很大的帮助”承上启下。‎ ‎36．答案　G 解析　根据上文的“No matter what you lose in life，don’t lose faith and hope.”可知，此处与G项吻合。其中faith and hope是提示词。‎ ‎37．答案　C 解析　根据上文中的“No matter what problems you get in life，there’re another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.”可知，此处与C项吻合，其中they指的是another one million people。‎ Ⅶ.短文改错 Dear Tom，‎ How are you？I am just writing to tell you I had wonderful time at your place in New York.I arrived home，safely and sound.I have something to ask for you.I have been looking through my bags for my favorite red shirt，or I can’t find it somewhere.I’m sure I might have left it at your place.Could you look around your house for it？By the way，I am planning my parents’ wedding anniversary celebration.I had already invited you and your parent.I wonder whether you would like to come to Chicago this time.What do you think of it？Take care of you and write to me soon.Giving my regards to Uncle Bernard and Aunt Norah.‎ Love，‎ Diana 答案 Dear Tom，‎ How are you？I am just writing to tell you I had ∧a wonderful time at your place in New York.‎ I arrived home，safelysafe and sound.I have something to ask for you.I have been looking through my bags for my favorite red shirt，orbut I can’t find it somewhereanywhere.I’m sure I ‎ mightmust have left it at your place.Could you look around your house for it？By the way，I am planning my parents’ wedding anniversary celebration.I hadhave already invited you and your parentparents.I wonder whether you would like to come to Chicago this time.What do you think of it？Take care of youyourself and write to me soon.GivingGive my regards to Uncle Bernard and Aunt Norah.‎ Love，‎ Diana Period Four　Project ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎1．apartment n．公寓套房 ‎2．topic n．话题 ‎3．worldwide adv.& adj.全世界(的)‎ ‎4．adolescent adj.青春期的；n.青少年 ‎5．pause vi.& n．停顿，暂停 ‎6．regardless adv.不顾；不管怎样 ‎7．security n．平安，安全；安全措施 ‎8．revision n．复习；修订，修改 ‎9．mercy n．宽恕；仁慈 ‎10．apology n．道歉 ‎11．amusement n．娱乐，消遣 ‎12．sensitive adj.易生气的；敏感的；体贴的 ‎13．athletic adj.擅长运动的；健壮的 ‎14．envy vt.& n．羡慕，忌妒 ‎15．disagreement n．分歧，争论，意见不一 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎16．twin adj.双胞胎之一的；成双的；n.双胞胎之一 ‎17．attitude n．态度，看法 ‎18．anchor vt.扎根于；使基于；下锚；使固定；n.锚 ‎19．cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 ‎20．eager adj.热切的，急不可待的 ‎21. respond vi.做出反应，回应 ‎22．rely vi.依靠，依赖 ‎23．committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的 ‎24．identity n．身份 ‎25．absurd adj.荒唐的，怪诞的 ‎26．hopeless adj.没有好转希望的，无望的；糟透的 ‎27．overcome(overcame，overcome) vt.克服，解决 ‎28．acquaintance n．泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识 ‎29．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作 ‎30．admit vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎31．be based on以……为基础，以……为依据 ‎ ‎32．be cautious about对……小心 ‎33．regardless of不管，不顾 ‎34．end up最后成为；最终处于 ‎35．rely on依靠，依赖 ‎36．thanks to幸亏；由于 ‎37．be committed to对……尽心尽力 ‎38．have a quarrel with与……争吵 ‎39．in conclusion总之 ‎40．look back on 回忆 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎41．One day Robert was so curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about，but she replied...‎ 一天，罗伯特抑制不住好奇，问阿曼达他们聊了什么，但她回答说……‎ ‎42. When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，...‎ 当被问及这个问题的时候，他们往往在回答之前都要犹豫一下，……‎ ‎43．The important thing to remember is that both of them are friendships.‎ 需要记住的重要的一点是：这两者都是友谊。‎ ‎44．We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings.‎ 我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。‎ ‎45．However，if I had ended our friendship，we would have both learnt nothing.‎ 但是，如果当初我终止了我们的友谊，那我们都会一无所得。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．topic　　　　　 A．adj.热切的，急不可待的 ‎2．attitude B．vt.扎根于；使基于 ‎3．anchor C．n.话题 ‎4．cautious D．adj.小心的，谨慎的 ‎5．eager E．n.态度，看法 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．respond A．vi.&n.停顿，暂停 ‎7．pause B．adv.不顾；不管怎样 ‎8．regardless C．n.平安，安全；安全措施 ‎9．security D．vi.做出反应，回应 ‎10．rely E．vi.依靠，依赖 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．revision A．n.道歉 ‎12．committed B．n.宽恕；仁慈 ‎13．mercy C．vt.责备，指责 ‎14．apology D．adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的 ‎15．blame E．n.复习；修订，修改 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Carefulreading ‎1．According to the first passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A．Boys have more friendships than girls.‎ B．Boys and girls have the same attitude towards friendship.‎ C．Boys share activities，while girls share feelings.‎ D．Boys always seem to have a lot to talk about with their best friends.‎ 答案　C ‎2．According to the second passage，the most important thing in life for another is .‎ A．money B．friendship C．security D．comfort 答案　B ‎3．According to the second passage，all of the following are the meanings of friendship EXCEPT that .‎ A．friendship means not being alone B．friendship means having someone you can rely on C．friendship means being admitted to others D．friendship means helping others do anything at any moment 答案　D ‎4．According to the second passage，we know that .‎ A．once a friend always a friend B．once a thief always a thief C．the best way to have a friend is to be a friend D．the best way to have a friend is to give others much money 答案　C Step 2　Postreading After reading the passage，find out ten mistakes in the following text.‎ When decided what is most important in life，some people choose money，when others choose things like security and comfort.However，for me，the most important thing in life are friendship.Friendship means having someone I can rely.Last year，I leave my schoolbag on a trolleybus，and I lost all of my note for the final exam.You can imagine what I panicked.Lucky for me，my best friend Jenny let me to copy hers，and I used them in my revision.Thanks to his help，I was able to pass the exam.‎ 答案 When decideddeciding what is most important in life，some people choose money，whenwhile others choose things like security and comfort.However，for me，the most important thing in life areis friendship.Friendship means having someone I can rely ∧on.Last year，I leaveleft my schoolbag on a trolleybus，and I lost all of my notenotes for the final exam.You can imagine whathow I panicked.LuckyLuckily for me，my best friend Jenny let me to copy hers，and I used them in my revision.Thanks to hisher help，I was able to pass the exam.‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。‎ attitude n．态度，看法 attitude towards/to...对……的看法或者态度 take/have/show a(n) ...attitude towards/to...对……采取……态度 ‎(1)I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential.(2018•天津)‎ 我必须改变关于他们能力和潜力的看法。‎ ‎(2)What’s your attitude towards/to this matter?‎ 你对这件事抱有什么态度呢？‎ ‎(3)China will take an opening attitude towards/to the world.‎ 中国将会对世界采取一种开放的态度。‎ ‎ Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support，but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.‎ 女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。‎ be based on...根据……，以……为基础 ‎※base...on...把……建立在……基础上 ‎※basic adj.基本的，基础的 ‎※basically adv.主要地，基本上 ‎※basis n．基础；基本原则；根据 on the basis of在……基础上；基于 注意：在短语base...on...中，base为及物动词，为主动语态，base后应有宾语，否则应用被动形式，即be based on结构。‎ ‎(1)Any organization should be based on teamwork.‎ 任何一个组织都要以合作为基础。‎ ‎(2)Never judge a person simply on the basis of the first impression.‎ 永远不要仅仅在第一印象的基础上评判一个人。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(3)The film which was based on a short story had attracted a lot of people.‎ ‎→The film based on a short story had attracted a lot of people.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ ‎ A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close friends.‎ 对于与密友们分享感情这件事，男孩会更加谨慎。‎ cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 ‎※be cautious about/of对……谨慎 ‎※cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎※caution n．小心；谨慎 with caution＝cautiously小心翼翼地 ‎(1)I’ve always been very cautious about giving my address and telephone number to strangers.‎ 我在给陌生人我的地址和电话号码时非常谨慎。‎ ‎(2)The young girl stepped onto the stage and put the old vase on the table with caution.‎ 这个女孩走到台上，小心地把那个古花瓶放到桌上。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)这个女人小心地打开门，走了进去。‎ ‎①The woman opened the door cautiously and walked in.(cautiously)‎ ‎②The woman opened the door with caution and walked in.(caution)‎ ‎ A girl’s closest friend，however，might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life.而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己生活中发生过的一些事。‎ eager adj.热切的，渴望的 be eager to do...渴望做……‎ be eager for...急于得到……‎ 注意：表达“渴望做某事”的短语：‎ ‎※be anxious to do sth.‎ ‎※be dying to do sth.‎ ‎※be keen to do sth.‎ ‎※long to do sth.‎ ‎(1)Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ 我们中有些人很自信，渴望参加班级活动，而有些人紧张且焦虑。‎ ‎(2)The girl is working hard，for she is eager for success.‎ 这个女孩工作很努力，因为她渴望成功。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)The fans were waiting for the famous star eagereagerly.‎ ‎ When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，...当被问及这个问题的时候，他们往往在回答之前都要犹豫一下，……‎ respond vi.回答，答复；响应，做出反应 ‎※respond to答复……；对……做出反应 respond that ...回答说……‎ ‎※response n．回应，反应，回答 in response to对……做出反应 make/give a response to对……做出回答/回应 ‎(1)“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis responded.(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ 丹尼斯回复说“祝贺！但是我想是有人弄错了。”‎ ‎(2)The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day.‎ ‎(2018•江苏)‎ 报告说，他们也面临着一整天回复信息的压力。‎ ‎(3)He went to open the door in response(respond) to a knock.听到有人敲门，他走过去开门。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)有消息传来，学校会很快对学生们的请求作出回应。‎ ‎①Word came that the school would respond to the students’ request soon.(respond)‎ ‎②Word came that the school would make a response to the students’ request soon.(response)‎ ‎ The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless of the basis of these friendships.不管友谊的基础是什么，男孩和女孩所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。‎ regardless of不管，不顾，不理会(如后无宾语则不需用of)‎ ‎(1)Most Australians support action tackling global warming regardless of costs.‎ 大部分澳大利亚人支持不计代价采取行动应对全球变暖问题。‎ ‎(2)We’ll continue the race regardless of the weather.‎ 不管天气如何，我们都会继续比赛。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ ‎※regardless of可以接名词作宾语，还可以接 what，whether...or not引导的从句作宾语。‎ ‎※in spite of可以接名词作宾语，还可以接the fact that 从句作宾语。‎ ‎[选词填空]　regardless of，in spite of ‎(3)Your opinion should be based on the facts regardless of whether you accept.‎ ‎(4)I’ll apologize to Mary in spite of the fact that she will not accept my apology.‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)Regardless ∧of expense，we must take every measure to save the old man’s life.‎ ‎ I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.最终我返回到火车站，在候车室里度过了当天余下的时光。‎ end up最终成为，最后处于 end up＋doing sth.adj.介词短语结果……‎ end up with以……结束 end up as ...最终成为或变成……‎ ‎(1)If you don’t stop quarreling，you’ll end up being blamed.‎ 如果你们不停止争吵，你们最终会受到责备的。‎ ‎(2)The quarrel ended up with my apology to him.‎ 这场争吵以我向他道歉结束。‎ ‎(3)He ended up as a chief of the firm.‎ 他最后成了公司的领导人。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Most slimmers end up putputting on weight back on.‎ ‎ Friendship means having someone I can rely on.‎ 友谊意味着有人可以依靠。‎ rely on指望，依赖，信任 rely on/upon＝depend on/upon指望，依赖；信任 rely on/upon sb.to do sth.依赖/相信/指望某人做某事 rely on/upon sb./sth.for...依靠某人/某物……‎ rely on/upon it that...相信，指望……‎ ‎(1)You should rely on/upon your own judgement.‎ 你应当相信自己的判断。‎ ‎(2)You can rely on me to keep(keep) your secret.‎ 你尽管相信我一定为你保密。‎ ‎(3)Every week they rely on the boat for their supplies of fresh water，vegetables and foods.‎ 每周他们依靠这艘船给他们带来淡水、蔬菜和食物。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)You can rely on ∧it that he will come to help you.‎ ‎ Thanks to her help，I was able to pass the exam.‎ 多亏了她的帮助，我才能通过考试。‎ thanks to幸亏，多亏；因为，由于 ‎[易混辨析]　thanks to，due to，owing to，because of ‎※thanks to通常突出一种感激之情，含“多亏”意味。‎ ‎※due to用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起因于”，在句中多作表语，有时作状语。‎ ‎※owing to可以和due to换用，但在句中多作状语，也可作表语。‎ ‎※because of着重某种行为的理由，在句中通常作状语。‎ ‎(1)This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素)．(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ 这种创造吸引了很多注意力，因为它融合了中国现代和传统的元素。‎ ‎(2)It was a great success—because of a lot of hard work.‎ 由于尽心竭力，这才获得了巨大的成功。‎ ‎(3)The delay was due to power failure.‎ 延滞是由于停电。‎ ‎(4)Owing to bad weather，this morning’s flight will be delayed.‎ 由于天气不好，今天上午的航班将延误。‎ ‎ Friendship means being committed to others.‎ 友谊意味着忠诚于他人。‎ committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的，效忠的 ‎※be committed to对……忠诚；致力于……‎ ‎※commit vt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 commit a crime犯罪 commit oneself to＝devote oneself to专心致志于，献身于 ‎※commitment n．(＝promise)承诺；保证 make a commitment to do sth.答应做某事 ‎(1)Most crimes are committed by young men in that area.在那个地区多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。‎ ‎(2)The President is committed to reforming the healthcare system.‎ 总统致力于改革卫生保健制度。‎ ‎(3)She doesn’t want to make a big emotional commitment(commit) to Steve at the moment.‎ 她不想在此刻在感情上对史蒂夫做出重大承诺。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The old woman is committed to taketaking care of the poor children.‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(5)As she was committed to the project，she seldom played with her children.‎ ‎→Committed to the project，she seldom played with her children.(用形容词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎ Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy.因为我是一个朋友，我就要学会有耐心和宽容。‎ mercy n．怜悯；宽恕；宽容；仁慈 ‎※without mercy无情地 show mercy to sb./have mercy on sb.怜悯、同情某人 at the mercy of任由……的摆布 It’s a mercy that...……真是万幸。‎ ‎※merciful adj.仁慈的，慈悲的 be merciful to对……仁慈 ‎(1)She is very kind and she has mercy on little animals.‎ 她很善良，怜悯小动物。‎ ‎(2)Unfortunately，the passersby showed no mercy to the poor old man.‎ 遗憾地是，过路人对这个可怜的老人一点都不同情。‎ ‎(3)We should punish the criminals without mercy.‎ 我们应毫不留情地惩罚罪犯。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)I don’t agree with your plan.You should never put your fortune at ∧the mercy of luck.‎ 经典句式 ‎ ...，they’re still sitting on the sofa，continuing the same conversation on the same topic.‎ ‎……，她们仍坐在沙发上，就同一个话题继续着她们的同一个谈话。‎ ‎※现在分词(短语)作状语多表示时间、原因、结果、伴随等。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。‎ ‎※不定式和现在分词都可作原因状语和结果状语。不定式常放在系表结构的后面作原因状语(表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因)，在句首作原因状语只能用现在分词；不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果，现在分词则表示自然而然的结果。‎ ‎(1)He sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.‎ 他坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到十分沮丧。‎ ‎(2)Living far from the school，I have to get up early every morning.‎ 由于住得离学校远，我每天早晨只好早起。‎ ‎(3)They hurried to the station，only to find that the train had left.‎ 他们匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。‎ ‎(4)Seeing(see) that she was going to sleep，I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.‎ 看到她要去睡觉，我问她是否喜欢床上的那个小玩偶。‎ ‎(5)Having spent(spend) nearly all our money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.‎ 花光了几乎所有的钱，所以我们住不起旅馆了。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(6)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street and turn the old town into a dreamland.‎ ‎→Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ ‎ When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，...当被问及这个问题的时候，他们往往在回答之前都要犹豫一下，……‎ ‎※在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中，如果谓语部分有动词be，从句的主语又和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，常把从句中的主语或it以及动词be省略。‎ ‎※在时间、地点、条件状语从句中常省略it is。常见的有whenever possible，where necessary，where possible，if necessary，if so，if possible，if any等。‎ ‎(1)When stopped，the drunk driver became nervous.‎ 当被拦住的时候，那个醉酒的司机紧张起来。‎ ‎(the driver是stop动作的承受者，两者为被动关系)‎ ‎(2)While waiting(wait) there，he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.‎ 在那儿等时，他看见两个漂亮的女孩儿走出大楼。(he是wait动作的执行者，两者为主动关系)‎ ‎(3)Whenever (it is) possible，he will come to help me.‎ 他一有可能就来帮助我。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)If you are accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.‎ ‎→If accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.‎ ‎(5)She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.‎ ‎→She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Boys are likely to be cautious(caution) about sharing their feelings with their close friends.‎ ‎2．The girl kept silent unless spoken(speak) to at the party last night.‎ ‎3．The laws apply to everyone，regardless of race or color.‎ ‎4．She’d allowed herself to get into a false sense of security(secure)．‎ ‎5．There is no doubt that international cooperation is the key to dealing with cyber crime.‎ ‎6．The product was developed in response(respond) to their customers’ demand.‎ ‎7．The mother is making the nice cake and her children are watching eagerly(eager)．‎ ‎8．Mary is a woman with a vivid imagination(imagine)．‎ ‎9．It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude to/towards life when you are in trouble.‎ ‎10．You may rely on it that he will finish the work on time.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．The two girls were sitting on the beach，talking happily.‎ 这两个女孩坐在沙滩上，开心地交谈着。‎ ‎12．When informed of the good news，the young man jumped with joy.‎ 当被告知这个好消息时，年轻人高兴地跳了起来。‎ ‎13．The problem is that we can’t get enough money and time.‎ 问题是我们没有足够的钱和时间。‎ ‎14．The leader refused to make a response to the news.‎ 这位领导人拒绝对这个消息作出回应。‎ ‎15．It is obvious that the young man is eager to get promoted.‎ 显然，这个年轻人渴望得到升职。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．All the students are busy doing revision(复习) for the examination.‎ ‎2．The old lady is very cautious(谨慎的) and careful while talking to others.‎ ‎3．Strict security(安全) measures are in force in the capital.‎ ‎4．He hasn’t responded(回应) to my letter up to now.‎ ‎5．What’s the government’s attitude(态度) towards the issue?‎ ‎6．He is eager(急不可待的) to know everything about his son who left home three years ago.‎ ‎7．They showed their enemies no mercy(仁慈) at all.‎ ‎8．What he said at the meeting really puzzled(使困惑) most of us.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 be based on，thanks to，be anchored in，rely on，regardless of ‎9．As we all know，friendship is based on trust and care.‎ ‎10．They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining.‎ ‎11．We’ve reached our goal of 50,000，thanks to the generosity of the public.‎ ‎12．He was so anchored in his job that he didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.‎ ‎13．In this strange city，the poor boy didn’t know who to rely on when he got into trouble.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎14．After the boat’s motor failed，they were at the mercy of the weather.‎ ‎15．The actor decided to hold a party in response(respond) to the good news.‎ ‎16．They were dancing and singing in the car，much to the amusement(amuse) of passersby.‎ ‎17．When I look back on the past and think how much time has been wasted，my heart bleeds.‎ ‎18．Once you start the car，you must drive cautiously(cautious) to keep off any traffic accidents.‎ ‎19．The boss came to know that the young man was eager to get(get) a chance to work abroad.‎ ‎20．British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，ending up with different words.‎ ‎21．On the present base and looking forward to the future，he decides to be committed(commit) to steel industry.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎22．The conclusion which was based on a lot of evidence sounds very reasonable.‎ ‎→The conclusion based on a lot of evidence sounds very reasonable.‎ ‎23．The girl made a few good friends while she was studying in France.‎ ‎→The girl made a few good friends while studying in France.‎ ‎24．Why haven’t you responded to her email yet?‎ ‎→Why haven’t you made a response to her email yet?‎ ‎25．If possible，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.‎ ‎→If it is possible，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 The idea of changing the world seems very crazy，but there are a number of small everyday things we can do to make the world better.Community centers，parks，libraries，homeless shelters，hospitals and schools are all places where students can make a difference through service.‎ Alisia Orosco,10，wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids at University Children’s Hospital in Texas，where her brother had been a patient.She earned money by doing parttime jobs and used it to buy different toys for the children in hospital.Now she visits three hospitals every year with bags of toys.“I hope to help as many kids as I can，” Alisia says.“It makes me happy to make them smile.”‎ High school students in a town of Washington made a difference in the lives of some needy children by building a playground at a workers’ camp.They got a lot of help from a building supply store which provided free building materials for the project.‎ Teens in New Jersey decided to offer their help at a local soup kitchen where people with no homes can get free food.But there wasn’t one.They created a oneday soup kitchen and were able to feed 60 needy people and allow them to take the rest home.Their efforts got more people to understand the great need of the poor in their community.Because of their efforts and success，a permanent soup kitchen was created with the 10,000 National Award they received from Newman’s Own Inc.‎ High school students in Las Vegas helped 30 homeless adults prepare resumes during a job fair they held at the area’s largest homeless shelter.At least nine of the adults later found jobs.‎ 语篇解读　文章通过几个事例说明了小事情也可以产生大的影响，从而让世界更美好。‎ ‎26．Every year Alisia visits three hospitals with bags of toys in order to .‎ A．sell her different toys B．look for parttime jobs C．look after her sick brother D．bring cheer to the sick kids 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Alisia Orosco,10，wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids”以及“‘I hope to help as many kids as I can，’Alisia says.‘It makes me happy to make them smile.’”可知，Alisia Orosco每年去医院给生病的孩子送玩具，是为了让他们得到快乐和关爱。‎ ‎27．The oneday soup kitchen created by teens in New Jersey .‎ A．received high praise B．cost 10,000 to build C．got help from 60 people D．was aimed at children 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，新泽西的孩子们创办的一日施粥所让更多的人了解到了穷人的需求，并获得了一万美元的奖励，由此可推断，孩子们创办的一日施粥所得到了高度赞扬。故选A。‎ ‎28．Which of the following can best describe the students mentioned in the passage?‎ A．Kind. B．Brave.‎ C．Proud. D．Crazy.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。文章第一段引出本文主题——小事情也可以产生大的影响，从而让世界更美好。下文所举事例中的青少年用他们的行动表达了对弱者的关心和帮助，是他们的善心让世界变得更加美好。故选A项。‎ ‎29．Where was a playground built for needy children?‎ A．In Texas.‎ B．In a town of Washington.‎ C．In New Jersey.‎ D．In Las Vegas.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，在华盛顿的一个小城镇，一些高中生为需要关爱的孩子建立了一个操场。故选B。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 Bullies sometimes happened in a dorm.David was a very goodhearted boy and the others in the dorm stole all his dorm 30 and hid it.They 31 doing it laughingly.‎ Being a close friend，I 32 the whole gang to take revenge on them.They were too 33 to even take up my challenge.But 34 ，the strongest of them wandered into the boxing room where my friend and I were waiting.All three of us knew that one of us two was going to 35 hard.I let the 36 man who was much quicker than I，putting up only an adequate 37 while keeping him on the run with aggressive swings.Quick people usually burn out.He 38 much longer than I expected.But finally he started to 39 and I pulled back my right arm with what I knew was going to be the killer blow.But a 40 thing happened.My friend shouted，“That’s enough！” and he stepped in to 41 my blow to this man.I felt cheated of the right to square up for what he was doing to my friend.‎ I was 42 why my friend would try to 43 him after weeks of sleepless nights.The bully 44 him and left.My friend’s 45 and compassion were influential，even on this rotten guy.He had a 46 I couldn’t understand at that time.‎ He never asked for his furniture back after the 47 ，but a couple days later，it was returned 48 to his room while he was in class.I wanted a fight but kindness was what 49 this bully.They stopped bothering people in the dorm after that.‎ 语篇解读　大卫宿舍里的其他人将他的家具藏起来，拒不承认。我为朋友挺身而出挑战他们。我马上要给出对方致命一击的时候，大卫出手拦住了我。我意识到，对付欺凌，善意比打斗更有效。‎ ‎30．A.money B．furniture C．light D．treasure 答案　B 解析　根据下文的 “He never asked for his furniture back after the ”可知，此处指大卫的舍友偷了他宿舍里的家具(furniture)。故选B。‎ ‎31．A.advised B．allowed C．denied D．admitted 答案　C 解析　根据下文的语境可推知，他们拒不承认(deny)。故选C。‎ ‎32．A.threatened B．prayed C．laughed D．beat 答案　A 解析　根据本句中的 “to take revenge on them”以及下文在拳击室里的较量可知，“我”威胁(threaten)他们那帮人。故选A。‎ ‎33．A.brave B．coward C．grateful D．ashamed 答案　B 解析　根据本句中的“to even take up my challenge”可知，他们很胆小(coward)。故选B。‎ ‎34．A.firstly B．recently C．eventually D．fortunately 答案　C 解析　他们都没有勇气应战，最后(eventually)他们中最强壮的那个人站了出来。故选C。‎ ‎35．A.go down B．go up C．go against D．go out 答案　A 解析　因为这是一种较量，所以“我们”三个人都知道“我们”两个会有一个人被重重地打败。go down有“打败”之意，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎36．A.weak B．tough C．polite D．gender 答案　B 解析　根据上文的“the strongest of them wandered into the boxing room”可知，他身体强壮，难以对付。故选B。‎ ‎37．A.attack B．fright C．shock D．defense 答案　D 解析　因为他速度快，“我”想耗尽他的力气，因此最初只是适当的防卫(defense)。故选D。‎ ‎38．A.lived B．reacted C．lasted D．thought 答案　C 解析　出手快的人有爆发性但不能持久，他比“我”预想的坚持得更长。last用作动词时，意为“持续”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎39．A.struggle B．ignore C．emphasize D．simplify 答案　A 解析　最终他耗尽了力气，开始变得勉强地挣扎着(struggle)对付“我”。故选A。‎ ‎40．A.bad B．funny C．sad D．strange 答案　D 解析　根据下文可知，“我”正要给对方致命一击的时候，大卫却出手拦下了“我”。大卫作为受欺凌者，做出这样的举动“我”觉得很奇怪(strange)。故选D。‎ ‎41．A.help B．block C．bite D．beat 答案　B 解析　根据下文的“I felt cheated of the right to square up...”可推知，大卫阻止(block)了“我”。故选B。‎ ‎42．A.puzzled B．excited C．moved D．embarrassed 答案　A 解析　根据本句中的 “why my friend would try to him after weeks of sleepless nights”可知，“我”对大卫的做法感到很困惑(puzzled)。故选A。‎ ‎43．A.tease B．protect C．destroy D．ruin 答案　B 解析　根据上文的“he stepped in to my blow to this man”可知，“我”对“我”的朋友尽力保护欺凌他的人很是不解。故选B。‎ ‎44．A.struck B．caught C．thanked D．offered 答案　C 解析　“我”的朋友以德报怨，及时救了他，因此那个人对他表示感谢(thank)。故选C。‎ ‎45．A.fight B．cleverness C．kindness D．strength 答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，大卫表现出的善意(kindness)对那个人产生了影响。故选C。‎ ‎46．A.heart B．virtue C．temper D．courage 答案　B 解析　大卫不是以暴制暴，而是以德报怨，是一种美德(virtue)。故选B。‎ ‎47．A.quarrel B．debate C．fight D．discussion 答案　C 解析　根据上文可知，“我”和对方进行了一番打斗(fight)。故选C。‎ ‎48．A.undamaged B．broken C．safe D．shabby 答案　A 解析　因为对方意识到大卫的善意，所以将他的东西原物奉还。undamaged意为“未破损的”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎49．A.developed B．produced C．promoted D．prevented 答案　D 解析　根据上文可知，大卫用善意阻止(prevent)了欺凌。故选D。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 ‎(2018•河南南阳七校高二联考)‎ Do you have such kind of experience? In a bus you may look at a stranger，but not too long.And if he senses that he 50.is being stared(stare) at，he may feel uncomfortable.‎ The same happens in daily life.If you are looked at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down，to see 51.if/whether anything is wrong with you.If nothing goes wrong，you will feel uncomfortable.Eyes do speak，right?‎ ‎52．Looking(look) too long at someone may seem to be rude.But things are different when 53.it comes to a stare at the opposite sex.If a man glances at a woman for more than 10 seconds，that means he wishes to make her know he 54.is admiring(admire) her.Normally，the speaker in conversation will look at the listener at times to make sure that the listener does pay attention to 55.what the former is saying.A poor liar usually makes himself 56.exposed(expose) by looking too long at the victim，since he believes in the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest 57.communication(communicate)．Actually，continuous eye contact exists in lovers only，who will enjoy looking at each other gently for a long time to show love that words cannot convey.‎ ‎58．Evidently(evident)，eye contact should be done according to the specific situation and the relationship 59. between the two people.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要叙述了长久地注视一个陌生人尤其是异性，会让人不舒服。眼神交流要根据具体情况和人与人之间的关系而定。‎ ‎50．答案　is being stared 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意为：如果他感觉到自己被盯着看，他可能会感到不舒服。主语he是正在被别人盯着，因此要用进行时的被动语态，he为第三人称故要用is being stared。‎ ‎51．答案　if/whether 解析　考查连词。分析句意可知如果你被别人长时间地看着，你会上下打量自己，看看你自己是否(if/whether)有问题。‎ ‎52．答案　Looking 解析　考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构，“ (look) too long at someone”在句子中作主语，但动词不能作主语，要用动名词才行，故用Looking。‎ ‎53．答案　it 解析　考查固定搭配。When it comes to sth./sb.当提到……，当谈到……。句意为：但当我们(谈到)盯着异性看的时候，情况就不一样了。‎ ‎54．答案　is admiring 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。句意为：如果一个男人盯着一个女人看超过10秒，那意味着他想让她知道他在欣赏她。由语境知，此处用现在进行时。‎ ‎55．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。“pay attention to the former is saying”中的to后面是一个宾语从句，从句中的saying缺少宾语。注意前者说了什么，故要用what。‎ ‎56．答案　exposed 解析　考查过去分词作宾补。makes himself exposed让他自己暴露于……。 himself与expose 是被动关系，故要用过去分词形式exposed。‎ ‎57．答案　communication 解析　考查名词。根据“a sign of honest (communicate)”可知，是一种诚实的交流迹象。形容词honest修饰名词，故要用communication。‎ ‎58．答案　Evidently 解析　考查副词。此处修饰整个句子，所以要用副词形式Evidently。‎ ‎59．答案　between 解析　考查介词。句意为：眼神交流应根据具体情况和两人之间的关系来做。between在两者之间。‎ Ⅷ.微写作 ‎ 写作素材 (关于冲突)‎ ‎1．日常生活中冲突很常见。‎ ‎2．为了避免争执，我们应该在有不同意见时多交流而不是互相责备。‎ ‎3．而且，我们应该学会真诚地道歉和原谅，这对于和谐生活很重要。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ ‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.To avoid quarrels，we should communicate more instead of blaming each other when there is disagreement.In addition，we should learn to apologize and forgive sincerely，which is essential to a harmonious life. ‎ Period Five　Grammar—The To infinitive and Verbing ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 ‎1．Sometimes，other children say we are no fun because we are both very academic and like to study，but we like it that way.‎ ‎2．I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.‎ ‎3．Afterwards，I pretended to be cheerful，but Hannah sensed something was wrong.‎ ‎4．I begged her not to tell anyone else，and she said she would keep my secret.‎ ‎5．I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said，‘Stupid Sarah got a D！’‎ ‎6．I was so upset that I felt like crying.‎ ‎7．My best friend Matthew has stopped talking to me.‎ ‎8．Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible argument.‎ ‎9．I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.‎ ‎10．Shouting at him just made him feel worse.‎ ‎1．以上句中，句1和句3中的动词不定式作宾语；句2和句5中的动词不定式作状语；句4中的动词不定式作宾补。‎ ‎2．以上句中，句6、句7、句8和句9中动名词作宾语；句10中动名词作主语。‎ ‎ ‎ 动词不定式 动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。‎ 常见的形式如下表所示(以及物动词do为例)，不及物动词没有被动语态。‎ ‎　　　语态 时态　　 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing /‎ 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing /‎ 一、不定式的时态和语态 ‎1．一般式表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。例如：‎ He seems to know this.‎ 他似乎知道这事。‎ I hope to see you again.‎ ‎＝I hope that I’ll see you again.‎ 我希望再见到你。‎ ‎2．进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如：‎ He seems to be eating something.‎ 他好像正在吃什么东西。‎ ‎3．完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如：‎ I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.‎ 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。‎ He seems to have caught a cold.‎ 他好像已经得了感冒。‎ ‎4．完成进行式表示动作从过去开始延续至说话的时候。例如：‎ She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。‎ 二、不定式的作用 ‎1．作主语 To see is to believe.眼见为实。‎ 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放到句子的后面。‎ It’s so nice to hear your voice.‎ 听到你的声音真高兴。‎ It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。‎ ‎2．作宾语 大致上有两种情况：‎ ‎(1)有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为“动词＋不定式”。例如：‎ The driver failed to see the other car in time.‎ 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。‎ ‎(2)“疑问词＋不定式”结构可作介词的宾语。例如：‎ We’re talking about how to overcome the present difficulties.我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。‎ She gave me lots of valuable advice on how to lose weight.她就如何减肥给我提出了许多宝贵的建议。‎ ‎3．作宾补 有些动词可以用不定式作补语。有这种用法的动词有：advise，allow，cause，challenge，command，drive(驱使)，enable，encourage，forbid，force，instruct，invite，like/love，order，permit，want，get，warn，persuade，request，send，tell，train，urge等。例如：‎ Father will not allow us to play on the street.‎ 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。‎ The officer ordered his men to fire.‎ 长官命令士兵们开火。‎ ‎4．作表语 不定式可放在系动词后面作表语。例如：‎ His dream is to be a doctor.‎ 他的梦想是成为一名医生。‎ ‎5．作定语 不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：‎ Are you going to the conference to be held next week?‎ 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？‎ ‎6．作状语 ‎(1)作目的状语 常用结构为to do，only to do，in order to do，so as to do，so (such)．..as to...。例如：‎ He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.‎ 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。‎ I come here only to say goodbye to you.‎ 我来仅仅是为了向你告别。‎ ‎(2)作结果状语 表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。‎ He searched the room only to find nothing.‎ 他搜查了房间，结果什么也没发现。‎ ‎(3)表原因 She wept to see the sight.‎ 她一看到这情形就哭了。‎ ‎(4)表理由和条件 He must be a fool to say so.‎ 他那样说真是傻。‎ You will do well to speak more carefully.‎ 如果你说话再小心一些，你将会做得很好。‎ 注意：1.省去to的动词不定式 ‎(1)情态动词(除ought外)后。‎ ‎(2)使役动词let，have，make后；感官动词see，watch，look at，notice，observe，hear，listen to，smell，feel，find等后。但被动语态中不能省去to。例如：‎ The boss made them work the whole night.‎ ‎＝They were made to work the whole night by the boss.‎ 老板让他们整夜干活。‎ I saw him dance.＝He was seen to dance by me.‎ 我看见他跳舞了。‎ ‎(3)would rather，had better句型后。‎ ‎(4)Why.../Why not...句型后。‎ ‎(5)help后可带to，也可不带to。‎ ‎(6)but和except后。but前有实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。‎ 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.‎ 他只想出去玩。‎ He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.‎ 除了吃药，他什么都信。‎ ‎2．to可以用作不定式的标志，也可用作介词。下面的to都用作介词：‎ admit to　object to　be accustomed to be used to(习惯于)　stick to　turn to(开始)‎ look forward to　be devoted to　pay attention to contribute to　apologize to　devote oneself to when it comes to 动名词 动名词由动词原形加ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语等；同时，它还保留着某些动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。‎ 动名词的否定形式为：not/never＋动名词。详情见下表(以动词do为例)：‎ ‎ 语态 时态　　　 主动 被动 一般式 (not) doing (not) being done 完成式 (not) having done (not) having been done 一、动名词的时态和语态 ‎1．主动语态 ‎(1)一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可以与谓语动词同时发生。例如：‎ Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play.然后这几周的时间我们排练这部戏。‎ ‎(2)完成式。完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：‎ He apologized to me for having broken my glasses.‎ 由于打破了我的眼镜，他向我道歉。‎ ‎2．被动语态 如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语态。‎ ‎(1)一般式。例如：‎ He came in without being noticed.‎ 他进来了，谁也没有注意到。‎ ‎(2)完成式。表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：‎ She’s angry about not having been invited.‎ 她对没有受到邀请感到生气。‎ 二、动名词的句法功能 ‎1．作主语 谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如：‎ It is no use arguing with him.‎ 和他争吵是没有用的。‎ 注意：常用v.ing形式作主语的句型有：‎ It is/was a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间的。‎ It is/was no good/use doing...做……是没用的。‎ ‎2．作表语 作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。例如：‎ Her job is teaching.＝Teaching is her job.‎ 她的工作是教书。‎ In the ant city，the queen’s job is laying eggs.‎ ‎＝In the ant city，laying eggs is the queen’s job.‎ 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．作宾语 He is fond of playing football.‎ 他喜欢踢足球。‎ 注意：(1)admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand等动词和动词短语后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。‎ ‎(2)forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词(短语)可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。例如：‎ remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记住要做某事 go on doing sth.继续做(同一件事情)go on to do sth.继续做(另外一件事情) ‎4．作定语 动名词作定语修饰名词时，说明被修饰名词的用途，在意义上有“供作……之用”的意思。可以用这种定语修饰的名词有：way (of)，method (of)，art (of)，chance (of)，opportunity (of)，habit (of)，hope (of)，process (of)，possibility (of)，importance (of)，means (of)等。例如：‎ The cave was a good hiding place for the poor children at that time.在那个时候，这个洞穴对于那些穷孩子来说是一个很好的藏身之处。‎ a walking stick＝a stick for walking一根拐棍 Your way of looking at things is better.‎ 你看事情的方式比较好。‎ ‎5．作同位语 动名词作同位语时，表示对前面的名词进行解释说明。例如：‎ His habit，listening to the news on the radio，remains unchanged.‎ 他在收音机上听新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。‎ ‎6．动名词的复合结构 名词所有格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词的复合结构(one’s/sb.’s/n.＋doing/being done)，而名词所有格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。当动名词短语放在动词或介词之后时，名词所有格或物主代词还可分别用名词或人称代词的宾格代替。动名词的复合结构在句中多作主语或宾语。例如：‎ Do you mind my/me opening the window?‎ 我开窗你介意吗？(作宾语/宾补)‎ Mike’s returning me the money in time pleased me.‎ 迈克及时还我钱，我非常满意。(作主语)‎ We cannot finish our work without John helping us.‎ 有约翰帮助我们，我们才能够完成工作。(作宾补)‎ ‎ ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.(2018•全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎2．You don’t have to run fast or for long to see(see) the benefit.(2018•全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎3．I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎4．The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve(improve) water quality.(2018•全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎5．Once his message was delivered，he allowed me to stay(stay) and watch.(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎6．I didn’t mean to eat(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying(try) it.(2018•天津)‎ ‎7．Traveling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.‎ ‎(2018•北京)‎ ‎8．During the MidAutumn Festival，family members often gather together to share(share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018•北京)‎ ‎9．Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save(save) their valuable time.(2017•北京)‎ ‎10．I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to catch(catch)．‎ ‎(2017•天津)‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The teacher forbade us to leave(leave) our seats.‎ ‎2．A good host should avoid making(make) his guests embarrassed.‎ ‎3．The man hurried home，only to find(find) that the door was locked.‎ ‎4．It’s an effective way to appeal(appeal) to the news media.‎ ‎5．The difference in size and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad mini easier to hold(hold)．‎ ‎6．No one is allowed to enter(enter) the building at night.‎ ‎7．Obviously，the old man was afraid of being abandoned(abandon) by the other travelers.‎ ‎8．There is nothing worse than having(have) no friends in the world.‎ ‎9．She couldn’t stand being told(tell) what to do.‎ ‎10．In her opinion，playing(play) computer games is a waste of time.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎11．He is so stubborn that it’s no use arguearguing with him.‎ ‎12.LieLying on the beach during the summer vacation really makes you relaxed.‎ ‎13．In the past，the boy was made ∧to work for more than twelve hours a day.‎ ‎14．They signed an agreement ∧to expand the trade between the two countries.‎ ‎15．When it comes to speakspeaking in public，no one can match him.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．I find it interesting to work with him.‎ 我发现和他一起工作很有意思。‎ ‎17．Is that the best way to solve the problem?‎ 那是解决这个问题的最好办法吗？‎ ‎18．I remember meeting you one evening at the supermarket.‎ 我记得有一天晚上在超市遇到了你。‎ ‎19．It’s worth making an appointment before you go.‎ 你去之前预约一下是值得的。‎ ‎20．We can’t do it well without our teacher helping us.‎ 没有老师的帮忙，我们是不能做好这(工作)的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 ‎1．Why not get(get) your children to work(work) out regularly?‎ ‎2．We had better not pay(pay) too much attention to grammar.‎ ‎3．In this way we can avoid suffering(suffer) from the pressure of exams.‎ ‎4．We wanted nothing but to appeal(appeal) to people to care more for the dropout students.‎ ‎5．Though made to give(give) in to him，I insisted on making my deskmate promise(promise) not to disturb me like that.‎ ‎6．Who had you clean(clean) the windows once again?‎ ‎7．We watched our friends disappear(disappear) into the darkness.‎ ‎8．We had nothing else to do except wait (wait) for the result.‎ ‎9．When the thief was noticed to enter(enter) the shop，the police hiding in the bush rushed ‎ out.‎ ‎10．We were preparing to make a fire to cook(cook) fish over it.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎11．Don’t worry about it.It’s useless.‎ ‎→It’s no use worrying about it.‎ ‎12．It is not very easy to find the cause of the rare disease.‎ ‎→Finding the cause of the rare disease is not very easy.‎ ‎13．There are still a lot of difficulties we have to overcome.‎ ‎→There are still a lot of difficulties for us to overcome.‎ ‎14．That she will come to help us encourages all of us.‎ ‎→Her coming to help us encourages all of us.‎ ‎15．They signed an agreement that they should expand the trade between the two countries.‎ ‎→They signed an agreement to expand the trade between the two countries.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．—I’m looking forward to having a good holiday(有一个美好的假日) when we finish the project.‎ ‎—But it’s difficult to say whether we’ll be approved of doing that.‎ ‎17．—What do you think made Celia so happy?‎ ‎—Winning a prize(获奖) in the recent competition.‎ ‎18．I can’t stand/bear working with Jane at the same office (忍受和简在同一间办公室工作)．She just refuses to stop talking while she works.‎ ‎19．—Henry doesn’t seem to be what he was.‎ ‎—No.Seeing so many terrible things in the war (在战争中见过那么多可怕的事情) has made him more thoughtful.‎ ‎20．I’m very pleased with your/you winning a medal(你获得一枚奖牌)．‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A Dear Irene，‎ I am feeling rather heartbroken.My best friend who lives in another city will have her 30th birthday party this weekend，but she hasn’t invited me.Last year，she flew up to my city for my 30th birthday.She was also one of my bridesmaids(伴娘) at my wedding.We have never had any arguments，and I am not sure why.At this point in our lives，would she be pulling away from me? Our another friend who lives in the same city as me has been invited and she told me about the party.‎ About three days ago，I emailed my friend and asked if she would have a party.I have not received a response up to now.What should I do? Should I contact her and let her know how I love to go and celebrate with her? I really don’t want to lose such a dear friend.Please help!‎ Yours，‎ Elyse Hi，Elyse，‎ You must have felt very sad about it.And you did absolutely the right thing by asking.Your friend not to respond at all is rude，but is there any possibility that your message got lost in cyberspace(网络空间)? Can you send it again?‎ Your friend hasn’t told your mutual(共同的) friend not to say anything about the party to you，has she? You should make clear whether she didn’t want to invite you or there were some other reasons why you were not invited? Perhaps there is a misunderstanding. ‎ If your friend truly hasn’t invited you，you can write to her and make your friend know she is an important person in your life.And tell her that you are hurt without her invitation to her birthday party to celebrate her special day.When your friend knows she is so important to you，she may want to continue your friendship with you.‎ Best，‎ Irene 语篇解读　Elyse最好的朋友过生日却没有邀请她，她因此写信向Irene寻求帮助。Irene回信给她提供了建议。‎ ‎21．What is Elyse’s problem according to her letter?‎ A．She had an argument with her best friend.‎ B．Her best friend has decided to move to another city.‎ C．She hasn’t been invited to her best friend’s birthday party.‎ D．Her best friend has made a new friend and wants to leave her.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Elyse信中第一段的“My best friend who lives in another city will have her 30th birthday party this weekend but she hasn’t invited me.”可知，她在为没有被邀请参加最好的朋友的生日聚会而苦恼。故选C。‎ ‎22．It is implied in Paragraph 2 of Irene’s letter that Elyse’s friend .‎ A．misunderstood her B．kept her party a secret C．only invited a few people D．might have sent her an invitation 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。Irene在信中第二段提到Elyse的朋友并没有让她们共同的朋友不要提她过生日的事，又根据“Perhaps there is a misunderstanding.”可知，Irene认为有可能Elyse的朋友给她发了邀请。故选D。‎ ‎23．How did Elyse feel when writing the letter?‎ A．Nervous and sure.‎ B．Worried and puzzled.‎ C．Surprised and peaceful.‎ D．Shy and embarrassed.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。在写信时Elyse担心失去这个朋友，同时又为她的朋友没有邀请她而感到困惑。故选B。‎ B Sure，you talk to your parents，but what if you need to really talk? Maybe you have a problem you can’t solve alone，or it could be that you want to feel closer to Mom and Dad.‎ It’s easy to say “Hi，Mom” or “Dad，can you pass the potatoes？”，but it can be harder to start a discussion about tougher topics.When you were younger，it probably felt easy to tell ‎ your parents about your trouble.Even though you’re older now，it’s still perfectly OK to believe in your parents.In fact，it can help a lot.‎ So why does it seem so uncomfortable at times? Why is it hard to bring up the important stuff? Sometimes kids don’t speak up because they don’t want to feel embarrassed(尴尬的)．Let’s face it—talking about personal stuff can make you feel embarrassed.But remember，your parents know you pretty well，and they were your age once，too! So don’t let a little embarrassment stop you.It’s OK to go ahead and share the personal stuff.‎ Other times，kids might not want to make their parents anxious or upset.As you explain your problem，your mom might look sad or your dad might look worried.But that’s OK.Your mom and dad can deal with knowing about your problem，big or small.That look on their face just means they care，and they feel for you.That’s what families do—we feel for the people we love.‎ Sometimes，kids don’t bring up a problem because they just don’t want to think about it.They hope it will just go away.When meeting a problem，they will likely choose not to face it or just keep it for themselves.But running away from a problem hardly ever solves it.And bottling up your feelings can make you feel stressed.‎ Talking things over with parents can help you feel less stressed.Together，you can think of ways to solve the problem and make you feel better.Just knowing your parents understand and care about what you’re going through can reduce your stress a lot.‎ 语篇解读　孩子长大后和父母交谈的次数越来越少。本文建议孩子应和父母分享自己的感情，因为和父母交谈可以帮助自己减轻压力。‎ ‎24．Some kids don’t want to share their problems with parents because they .‎ A．believe they can solve the problems themselves B．are afraid their parents may know their secrets C．don’t think their parents will understand them D．don’t want to make themselves embarrassed 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Sometimes kids don’t speak up because they don’t want to feel embarrassed(尴尬的)．”可知，一些孩子不想和父母分享烦恼是因为他们不想感到尴尬。故选D。‎ ‎25．What is the advantage of talking with parents about your problems?‎ A．It makes your problems less difficult.‎ B．It improves the family relationship.‎ C．It helps a lot to reduce pressure.‎ D．It improves your ability to solve problems.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Talking things over with parents can help you feel less stressed.”可知，和父母交谈可以减少压力。故选C。‎ ‎26．What might be the best title of the passage?‎ A．Let’s Talk to Each Other B．When You Need to Talk to Your Parents C．Why You Don’t Want a Talk D．Come and Talk to Your Parents 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。本文在第一段就点出主题，然后介绍了和父母进行交谈的好处，特别是最后一段强调了和父母进行交谈的必要性。所以D项作本文标题最佳。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅴ.七选五 Not everyone deals with their feelings as an open book for others to read. 27 Learn to open up in order to improve your mental health.‎ ‎ 28 Accept this and move on.Give yourself some time to have sweaty palms or a shaky voice，since it will get better with practice.‎ Ask people openended questions.To begin practicing opening up，you need to engage in honest，open conversation.Try a question like，“How are things going at work？” instead of “How’s it going？” to get an open answer.Then，in turn answer openended questions with honest answers，instead of “Fine” or “OK”． 29 However，in most cases people are flattered that you are listening to them and interested in their life.‎ Try emulating(效仿) someone who is very open.Observe them in a social situation.Then，try to act as if you were them occasionally.Many open behaviors are learned，and not a natural part of personality. 30 ‎ Avoid being a “knowitall”．Some people think advice is opening up，but it is unlikely to help you more open.When you want to give advice，listen and try to learn something new from the situation.‎ ‎ 31 Schedule at least one long conversation per week.In the conversation you tell someone about the emotional and difficult part of your life.Get into the practice of opening up about what’s good and bad in your life.‎ A．In this case，practice can make perfect.‎ B．Call close friends and family members more often.‎ C．Asking people personal questions is not always proper.‎ D．Try connecting about hobbies，interests，vacations or books.‎ E．Listening patiently is a great way to overcome fear of sharing emotions in public.‎ F．Understand that there is usually some fear with opening up to other people.‎ G．However，closing yourself off from new people can stop your personal growth.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何敞开心扉和人交谈提出了几点建议。‎ ‎27．答案　G 解析　根据上句：不是每个人都把自己的感情当作一本可以让别人阅读的书。再根据空格下句：学会开放，以改善你的心理健康。可知此空的意思是：然而，将自己与新朋友隔离开来可能阻止你的个人成长。open对应closing，stop对应improve，另外However表示转折。‎ ‎28．答案　F 解析　根据上下文语境可知F项中的Understand that与下文的Accept this相呼应，并且下文的“手掌出汗”及“颤抖的声音”对应了F项中的some fear。故选F。‎ ‎29．答案　C 解析　根据下文：然而，在多数情况下，人们很高兴你去聆听并对他们的生活感兴趣。可知上文说的是问别人私人问题并不总是合适的。故选C。‎ ‎30．答案　A 解析　根据上文：试着模仿一个非常开放的人。在社交场合观察他们。然后，偶尔试着表演，就好像你就是他们。许多开放的行为都是习得的，而不是人格的自然组成部分。可知此空意为：既然这样的话，熟能生巧。故选A。‎ ‎31．答案　B 解析　根据下文：每周至少安排一次长时间的谈话。可推知空处为：经常给亲密的朋友和家人打电话。故选B。‎ Ⅵ.短文改错 Hello，boys and girls! Today，I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.If you hear the alarm，stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Don’t panic or get out of line，and trying to remain quiet and calmly.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire，your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt，tell your teacher immediately.‎ 答案 Hello，boys and girls! Today，I am going to talk withabout what you should do when a fire alarm gogoes off.If you hear the alarm，stand in line at the door and wait ∧for your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmateclassmates.Don’t panic or get out of line，and tryingtry to remain quiet and calmlycalm.Soon the firefighters will come and put out athe fire.If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire，your teacher will lead usyou back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing andor hurt，tell your teacher immediately.‎ Period Six　Writing—Writing a letter for help ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 求助信是向收信人陈述写信人所遇到的疑惑或困境，希望对方能根据所述情况给出合理可行的看法或建议，因此应用一般现在时表达文意。当描述自己得到帮助后将要取得的进步时应当改用一般将来时表达文意。同学们一定要牢记求助信的这些时态特点，并增强错误防范意识，养成错误防范习惯，确保语言的准确性。‎ 求助信的写作步骤：‎ 首段：简单介绍自己并表明写作意图。‎ 主体段落：陈述自己所面临的困难。‎ 结尾段：对提出的要求进行总结，展望获得帮助后自己的进步并希望对方方便时能早日给予回复。‎ 友情提醒：写作这类题目时，考生要注意语气委婉，态度谦恭，符合求助信的语言特点。多变式使用委婉用语，提高文章整体美感以达到有效交流的目的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．做自我介绍时：‎ ‎(1)My name is...I’m writing to you for some help.‎ ‎(2)I’m writing a letter to you hoping to get some help.‎ ‎2．简要交代自己所面临的困难时：‎ ‎(1)I have met much difficulty/trouble/a problem with sth./in doing sth.‎ ‎(2)Faced with so much difficulty，I have to ask you for some help.‎ ‎3．请求对方做某事时：‎ ‎(1)Would you like to...so that...?‎ ‎(2)In the meanwhile/At the same time，I beg you to...so that...‎ ‎4．展望获得帮助后自己的进步时：‎ ‎(1)I’m sure with your help I can make great progress.‎ ‎(2)...so that.../...in order that...‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 假如你是李华，明年即将进入大学学习，但是不知道该如何适应大学的生活。请你就以下大学新生活中常遇到的情况给某大学的校长写一封100词左右的求助信，信中包括以下内容：‎ ‎1．在生活中不会照顾自己；‎ ‎2．感到孤独，经常想家；‎ ‎3．对食物、气候不适应；‎ ‎4．有些学生因不合群而在校外租房居住。‎ ‎ ‎ 写作要求是写一封求助信，写作时应注意下面几点：‎ ‎1．确定文体：这是一篇应用文，是学生熟悉的书信，写作中应注意书信的常规格式。‎ ‎2．主体时态：一般现在时、一般将来时。‎ ‎3．主体人称：第一、二人称。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 必备词汇 ‎ ‎1．向您寻求……的建议或忠告ask you for some advice on...‎ ‎2．使某人自己适应新生活adapt oneself to the new life ‎3．照顾自己take care of oneself ‎4．感到孤独feel lonely ‎5．想家feel homesick ‎6．(食物、气候等)相宜，适宜agree with ‎7．在校外租房居住live out of campus ‎ 句式升级 ‎ ‎1．据说，大部分大一新生无法适应环境的突然变化。‎ ‎ It’s said that most freshmen are confused by the sudden change of their environment and don’t know how to deal with it.(It’s said that句型，how to do作宾语)‎ ‎ Most freshmen are said to be confused by the sudden change of their environment，not knowing how to deal with it.(sb.be said to be/do，现在分词作状语)‎ ‎2．他们甚至因不适应食物、气候而生病。‎ ‎ They even fall ill simply because the new climate and food don’t agree with them.(simply because)‎ ‎ The new climate and food don’t agree with them，which sometimes even leads to their falling ill.(非限制性定语从句，lead to加复合宾语)‎ ‎3．有些学生因不合群而在校外租房居住。‎ ‎ Some students who feel uneasy to live with others prefer to live out of campus.(定语从句，prefer to do)‎ ‎ Some students would rather live out of campus for they tend to feel uneasy to live with others.(would rather do sth.，tend to)‎ ‎ ‎ Dear President，‎ I’m a Senior 3 student and I’m going to university next year.I am writing to ask you for some advice on how to adapt myself to the new life in a short time.‎ Most freshmen are said to be confused by the sudden change of their environment，not knowing how to deal with it.They can’t take care of themselves and always feel lonely and ‎ homesick.What is more，the new climate and food don’t agree with them，which sometimes even leads to their falling ill.In addition，some students would rather live out of campus for they tend to feel uneasy to live with others.‎ Could you tell me how to deal with the problems mentioned above and make my university life more wonderful?‎ I’m looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 单元知识滚动练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Tracy said she was sorry，but her eyes betrayed(流露) her secret delight.‎ ‎2．For all those months Mark pretended(假装) he was fine while he was a very sick man.‎ ‎3．When surveyed，I admitted that I disliked(不喜欢) being the focus of attention.‎ ‎4．How Mandy envies(羡慕) the other children who are allowed to go out and play while she is forced to stay in and practise the violin.‎ ‎5．It’s not fair—Jane gets the credit when things go well，and I get the blame(责备) when they fail.‎ ‎6．Mr Johnson has a lot of business acquaintances(熟人) but very few real friends.‎ ‎7．Lewis is a sensitive(敏感的) person，who is easily hurt or offended by things that people do or say.‎ ‎8．When you chat online，don’t tell your real identity(身份) to the strangers easily.It’s too dangerous.‎ ‎9．There followed a(n) awkward(令人尴尬的) silence while we all tried to think of something to say.‎ ‎10．When we were children，my sister and I quarrelled(吵架) all the time，but we still loved each other.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 feel like，end up，look back on，keep one’s word，keep pace with，in trouble，regardless of，as a result of，rather than，be ashamed of ‎11．When Billy was moved to a more advanced class，he had to work harder to keep pace with others.‎ ‎12．Some say looking back on the past often makes us a bit sad because the past was full of regrets.‎ ‎13．Wilson was so tired that he couldn’t focus on my words.He said he felt like going to bed.‎ ‎14．The little boy shouting so loudly for help must be in trouble，so I swam back to save him.‎ ‎15．Thomas seemed very discouraged as a result of his failure to find work.He had thought that it would not be a problem for a college student.‎ ‎16．Tom was willing to help us overcome the difficulties，so he ended up as our monitor.‎ ‎17．Rather than mention the unhappy memories，let us look ahead to the future.‎ ‎18．Tim continued to run away，regardless of our shouts to him that he should return.‎ ‎19．Don’t be ashamed of having failed since no one can win all the time.‎ ‎20．Vincent is a person who can keep his word.In other words，he is a person you can depend on.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎21．Why do you cry at weddings，which are supposed to be such cheerful(cheer) occasions?‎ ‎22．Ginny left the company angrily after a(n) disagreement (agree) with her boss.‎ ‎23．I have a horrible(horror) feeling that we’re going to miss the plane.‎ ‎24．The party are committed(commit) to helping those who lead a poor life.‎ ‎25．Our school ended up winning the athletic(athlete) sports because we had so many good runners.‎ ‎26．Helen is very gifted(gift)．She’s a wonderful athlete；she writes beautifully and plays the guitar，and so on.‎ ‎27．During the festival there are concerts，plays，and other amusements(amuse)．‎ ‎28．Don’t believe your situation is as hopeless(hope) as you think.If you love each other，you’ll work it out.‎ ‎29．I have an apology(apologize) to make to you—I’m afraid I opened your letter by mistake.‎ ‎30．I’m sincerely(sincere) grateful for all the help you’ve given me.‎ ‎31．All the students in our school stood there，swearing(swear) loudly.‎ ‎32．You will not be allowed to enter(enter) the theatre after the performance has started.‎ ‎33．I said “Good morning！” and Adrian responded(respond) “What’s good about it？”‎ ‎34．While surfing the Internet，you must be very cautious(caution) about your personal information.‎ ‎35．I won’t go to attend her birthday party unless invited(invite)．‎ Ⅳ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎36．I must apologize to you aboutfor what I have done.‎ ‎37．Police are blaming the accident foron dangerous driving.‎ ‎38．Sandy could do nothing but to admit to his teacher that he was wrong.‎ ‎39．His laziness resulted fromin his failure；that is to say，his failure resulted from his laziness.‎ ‎40．He decided to buy another car despiteregardless或of the fact that he had already had two beautiful cars.‎ ‎41．“If，” he added，“givegiven enough time，I would certainly have done it better.”‎ ‎42．The plan sounded practical.But in the practice it didn’t work well.‎ ‎43．The new plant can’t suffer from the cold weather，so the researchers are trying to deal with it.‎ ‎44．I saw that a traveler was reading a map，looking puzzlingpuzzled.‎ ‎45．We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that is ∧to blame for their son’s bad performance at school.‎ Ⅴ.单元语法——用所给动词的正确形式填空 ‎46．I have to regret to say(say) that I regretted telling/having told(tell) his mother what he had done.‎ ‎47．I tried to persuade(persuade) him to give up that foolish idea，but he said he wanted to have a try.‎ ‎48．The workers in that factory are looking forward to their being given(give) another chance to work.‎ ‎49．Will you be able to take part in the sports meeting to be held(hold) next week?‎ ‎50．It’s no use complaining(complain) without taking action.‎ 核心素养拓展练 素养解读　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开，有助于学生了解人生哲理，知道生命是如此的短暂和珍贵，我们必须好好地慢下来生活。‎ 主题：慢下来生活　学科素养：思维品质 ‎(2018•武汉高中毕业生调研测试)‎ For years，my time spent in the shower could have got me a mention in Guinness World Records as the shortest time taken to bathe.I hurried up during this process.‎ One day，however，while at a party，I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower.“What about you？” he asked，“Don’t you get your creative thoughts from the same place？”‎ ‎“I’m in and out in a hurry，” I told him proudly.“I have no time to waste！”‎ ‎“What a pity，” he said.“That’s the place where you need to slow down；plenty of great thoughts come from there！” I tried it out.I slowed down the whole process，started enjoying the warm water，taking a little longer to soap myself and even spending more time just enjoying the process，and realized how much I had missed in hurrying up all these years.‎ A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax.She gave her a videotape on stress management and relaxation techniques，and encouraged her to watch it right away.Fifteen minutes later，her friend handed back the tape.“It was good，” she said，“but I don’t need it.”‎ ‎“But it’s a 70minute video，” the woman replied.“You couldn’t have watched the whole thing.”‎ ‎“Yes，I did，” her friend said.“I put it in fastforward！”‎ A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness.We hurry through work.We swallow fast food.We complain that we don’t have enough time.We race through the days and weeks until one day we look back in amazement and comment，“My god，how the years flew by！” Then we realize the heavy price we have paid for traveling fast.‎ Symptoms of Hurry Sickness include stress and anxiety，bad relationships，lowered work performance and even disease.Some people don’t survive it.What’s the cure? Slow down，for life is so short and precious that we must live it well.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章通过叙述“我”在一次聚会上与一位艺术家朋友谈及洗澡的时间问题，向我们介绍了21世纪存在的一个主要的社会问题“匆忙症”，从而告诉我们：生命是如此的短暂和珍贵，我们必须好好地慢下来生活。‎ ‎1．What was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes of the artist friend?‎ A．Time was saved.‎ B．Nothing was missed.‎ C．Great ideas flew away.‎ D．Creative thoughts came.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“his idea came while he was having a shower”和“Don’t you get your creative thoughts from the same place ‎？”可知，在那位艺术家朋友的眼里，在洗澡时会产生创造性的想法。‎ ‎2．What was the trouble with the woman’s friend?‎ A．She felt stressed.‎ B．She found the tape useless.‎ C．She found no way to relax.‎ D．She watched the tape too fast.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句中的“A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from”可知，那位女士的朋友感到压力很大。‎ ‎3．What is the major trouble people face in the 21st century in the writer’s eyes?‎ A．People run fast to work.‎ B．Everything is done in a hurry.‎ C．People don’t have enough time.‎ D．Time flies without being noticed.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness.”可知，在作者看来，21世纪人们面临的一个主要的社会问题是做任何事情都是匆匆忙忙的。‎ ‎4．How can the problem be settled?‎ A．By pacing down.‎ B．By learning to survive.‎ C．By developing friendship.‎ D．By performing good work.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后三句“Some people don’t survive it.What’s the cure? Slow down，for life is so short and precious that we must live it well.”可知，我们可以通过放慢脚步来解决这个问题。‎ Notes：‎ Ⅰ.高频词汇 ‎1．mention 常用义：v.提到，谈及 本文义：n.提及，说起 ‎2．slow 常用义：adj.慢的 本文义：vi.慢下来，减速 ‎3．soap 常用义：n.肥皂 本文义：vt.给……擦肥皂 Ⅱ.长难句分析 A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax.‎ 分析　本句是一个主从复合句。how much stress her friend was suffering from和how she sought...to relax是宾语从句，共同作told的宾语。在第二个宾语从句中又含有一个that引导的宾语从句that she needed to find ways to relax，作convince的宾语。‎ 翻译　一位女士告诉我，她的朋友承受着多大的压力，她是如何设法使她相信她需要找到放松的方法。‎ 模拟高考强化练 ‎ 练模拟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018•百校联盟高三Top 20联考全国Ⅰ卷)‎ ‎“You can choose your friends，but you can’t choose your family.” That line comes from American writer Harper Lee’s book To Kill a Mockingbird.Now compare her words to another famous expression：“Blood is thicker than water”．‎ However，if forced to choose which is more important，American researchers now say friendship is more important than family.Their new study suggests that friends may be more important than family members，especially as we age.‎ The study comes from researchers at Michigan State University.They found the importance of friendship on health and happiness grows as people get older.‎ William Chopik is an assistant professor of psychology at Michigan State and was one of the lead researchers in this study.He says，“Friendship becomes even more important as we age.Keeping a few really good friends around can make a world of difference for our health and wellbeing.” Chopik notes that we need to think of friendship as an investment in our future happiness.‎ The Michigan State researchers considered information from two separate surveys.In the first group，both family and friendships influenced overall health and happiness.However，in the second，researchers said that friendships “became a stronger predictor of health and happiness” as people got older.Also in the second group，unhealthy friendships led to increased chronic conditions.But with supportive friends，Chopik noted，participants reported being happier.‎ One reason is that people can keep the friendships that make them feel good and move on from the ones that don’t.Family，on the other hand，will always be with you.They can be helpful and enjoyable，but can also cause troubles.‎ This may be good news for people who don’t have strong ties with family members.Not all of us are born into the families we need.But we all have the ability to choose friends that we need.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲了良好的朋友关系对于人们健康和幸福感的影响。实验显示，随着人们年龄的增长，良好的友谊比家庭关系更有益于身体健康和幸福感的建立。‎ ‎1．What should we invest to get later wellbeing according to the researchers?‎ A．Good friend ties.‎ B．Easy health exercises.‎ C．Common family relations.‎ D．Personal relation knowledge.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“Keeping a few really good friends around can make a world of difference for our health and wellbeing.”可知，保持良好的朋友关系可以促进个人健康。故选A。‎ ‎2．How is the research carried out?‎ A．By doing two experiments.‎ B．By interviewing all at once.‎ C．By conducting two surveys.‎ D．By taking part in activities.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The Michigan State researchers considered information from two separate surveys.”可知，研究人员是以做两个独立的调查的形式进行这个实验的。故选C。‎ ‎3．What can the people with weak family ties do?‎ A．Develop stronger family relations.‎ B．Make as many friends as possible.‎ C．Get more supportive friends.‎ D．Stay with family members.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“This may be good news for people who don’t have strong ties with family members.”，再结合第五段最后一句“But with supportive friends，Chopik noted，participants reported being happier.”可知，对于和家人联系不多的人们来说有一个好消息，那就是多交几个支持你的朋友有助于建立幸福感。故选C。‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Friends and family members are equally important.‎ B．When we grow older，friendship matters more.‎ C．As we age，family members are more valuable.‎ D．We always need friends and family members.‎ 答案　B ‎ 解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“Their new study suggests that friends may be more important than family members，especially as we age.”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲长期保持良好的友谊对人们的健康和幸福感有很好的促进作用，从这一层面讲，随着人们年龄的增长，友情比亲情更重要。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018•辽宁大连一模)‎ Does Your Mood Change with the Seasons?‎ Some people find that when the temperature goes down，so do their spirits. 5 They eat more and gain weight.They have trouble sleeping.They can’t think clearly.Here are some ways you can beat the winter blues：‎ Get out in the sun.Some experts say that winter blues happen because we get less sunlight in the winter than we do in other seasons.Some say that the decrease in sunlight can make us feel sad. 6 ‎ Get some exercise.A walk or other exercise will make chemicals called endorphins(内啡肽) flow through your body.Endorphins are natural “feel good” chemicals.‎ ‎ 7 Avoid having too much sugar.If you crave sugary foods (like cookies or candy)，it may be a sign that you need more protein(蛋白质)，like meat，chicken，or fish.‎ Avoid holiday stress.Cut back if you have too many things to do.Make sure you have some quiet time to yourself. 8 Get some rest.Studies show that most teens need about nine hours of sleep each night.The average teen，though，gets only about six or seven hours of sleep per night.‎ Get help.Be cautious if you feel sad all the time and the feeling won’t go away. 9 Talk to an adult who you trust or get help from a doctor.‎ A．Eat more healthy foods.‎ B．Choose different foods in season.‎ C．Don’t be so busy，or you will get rundown.‎ D．Those people sometimes feel sad for no reason.‎ E．You may have a bigger problem than the winter blues.‎ F．Getting extra sunlight each day can help brighten your mood.‎ G．A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain.‎ 语篇解读　天气会影响情绪，尤其是冬季。作者给出了几点战胜冬季忧郁症的建议。‎ ‎5．答案　D 解析　考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲气温低对情绪的不良影响，D项：那些人有时无缘无故地感到悲伤，也是气温低对情绪的不良影响，符合本段内容。故选D。‎ ‎6．答案　F 解析　考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段建议人们走出去晒太阳，F项：每天获得额外的阳光可以帮助你的心情变好，与本段内容相符合，选项中的sunlight是关键词。故选F。‎ ‎7．答案　A 解析　考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段“Avoid having too much sugar.”和“you need more protein”可知，本段建议人们注意健康的饮食，A项能概括本段内容，也适合作为本段标题。‎ ‎8．答案　C 解析　考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段建议避免节日压力，注意多休息。C项：不要使自己太忙，否则你会精疲力竭，符合本段意思。‎ ‎9．答案　E 解析　考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段建议情绪不好时向别人求助，上句指情绪一直不好时要小心，E项：这可能会是比冬季忧郁症更大的问题，与上句连接。故选E。‎ ‎ 过高考 ‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2018•全国Ⅰ)‎ During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits.I 10 the idea of taking the class because，after all，who doesn’t want to 11 a few dollars？More than that，I’d always wanted to learn chess.And，even if I weren’t 12 enough about free credits，news about our 13 was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster，which 14 I would be learning from one of the game’s 15 .I could hardly wait to 16 him.‎ Maurice Ashley was kind and smart，a former graduate returning to teach，and this 17 was no game for him；he meant business.In his introduction，he made it 18 that our credits would be hardearned.In order to 19 the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 20 what we would learn in class to our future professions and， 21 ，to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 22 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 23 .‎ Ten years after my chess class with Ashley，I’m still putting to use what he 24 me：“The absolute most important 25 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good ‎ ‎ 26 .On every single move you have to 27 a situation，process what your opponent(对手) is doing and 28 the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 29 as a journalist.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过学习国际象棋学会了如何正确地做决定。‎ ‎10．A.put forward B．jumped at C．tried out D．turned down 答案　B 解析　根据上文中的“offering a ‘free’ course，called Thinking Chess，for three credits”以及下文中的“I’d always wanted to learn chess”可知，参加国际象棋课程是免费的并且可以获得三个学分，而且“我”一直想学国际象棋，由此可知“我”迫不及待地接受(jump at)了这个主意。put forward提出；try out试验；turn down拒绝。‎ ‎11．A.waste B．earn C．save D．pay 答案　C 解析　联系上文中的“a ‘free’ course”可知，这是免费的课程，因此可以节省(save)几美元。‎ ‎12．A.excited B．worried C．moved D．tired 答案　A 解析　联系下文中的“appealing enough to me”可知，即使免费获得学分这件事不足以让“我”兴奋(excited)，也有其他事情对“我”有足够的吸引力。‎ ‎13．A.title B．competitor C．textbook D．instructor 答案　D 解析　联系下文中的“He was an international grandmaster(他是一位国际象棋大师)”可知，国际象棋课程的导师(instructor)足以吸引“我”。title标题；competitor对手；textbook课本。‎ ‎14．A.urged B．demanded C．held D．meant 答案　D 解析　国际象棋课程的导师是国际象棋大师，这就意味着(mean)“我”将跟随下国际象棋最好的人之一学习。urge强烈要求；demand(坚决)要求；hold持有。‎ ‎15．A.fastest B．easiest C．best D．rarest 答案　C 解析　联系上文中的“international grandmaster”可知，他是下国际象棋最好的(best)人之一。‎ ‎16．A.interview B．meet C．challenge D．beat 答案　B 解析　联系上文可知，国际象棋课程的导师吸引着“我”，所以“我”迫不及待地想见到(meet)他。interview采访，面试；challenge挑战；beat击败。‎ ‎17．A.chance B．qualification C．honor D．job 答案　D 解析　联系空后的“was no game for him；he meant business”可知，这项工作(job)‎ 对他而言不是游戏，而是正经职业。chance机会；qualification资格；honor荣誉。‎ ‎18．A.real B．perfect C．clear D．possible 答案　C 解析　联系空后的“that our credits would be hardearned”可知，他向我们明确表示(make it clear that)这门课程的学分很难获得。‎ ‎19．A.attend B．pass C．skip D．observe 答案　B 解析　由上文中的“our credits would be hardearned”及下文中的“among other criteria，we had to write a paper”可知，此处指为了通过(pass)这门课程，除了其他标准，“我们”还要写一篇论文。attend参加；skip跳过；observe观察。‎ ‎20．A.add B．expose C．apply D．compare 答案　C 解析　联系空后的“to our future professions”可知，“我们”的论文是关于“我们”打算如何将所学的东西应用(apply)到未来的职业中的。apply...to...将……应用到……，符合语境。add...to...向……添加……；expose...to...使……暴露在……；compare...to...把……比作……。‎ ‎21．A.eventually B．naturally C．directly D．normally 答案　A 解析　联系空后的“to our lives”可知，最终(eventually)要应用到“我们”的生活中。naturally自然地；directly直接地；normally正常地。‎ ‎22．A.game B．presentation C．course D．experiment ‎ 答案　C 解析　联系空前的“I managed to get an A”可知，“我”在国际象棋课程(course)上获得了A。game游戏；presentation报告；experiment实验。‎ ‎23．A.criterion B．classroom C．department D．situation 答案　B 解析　联系空前的“life lessons that have served me well”可知，“我”从中学到了课堂(classroom)之外的生活课程。criterion标准；department部门；situation状况。‎ ‎24．A.taught B．wrote C．questioned D．promised ‎ 答案　A 解析　分析语境可知，引号中的内容是导师说的话，也就是他教(teach)“我”的东西。write写；question询问；promise答应。‎ ‎25．A.fact B．step C．manner D．skill 答案　D 解析　联系空后的“you learn when you play chess is how to make good ”可知，这里是指学到的最重要的技能(skill)。‎ ‎26．A.grades B．decisions C．impressions D．comments 答案　B 解析　联系下文中的“the best move from among all your options”可知，这里指做出正确的决定(decision)。grade分数；impression印象；comment评论。‎ ‎27．A.analyze B．describe C．rebuild D．control 答案　A 解析　联系空后的“a situation，process what your opponent(对手) is doing”可知，这里指分析(analyze)形势。describe描述；rebuild重建；control控制。‎ ‎28．A.announce B．signal C．block D．evaluate 答案　D 解析　联系空后的“the best move from among all your options”可知，要从你所有的选择中评估(evaluate)出最好的一步。announce宣布；signal示意；block堵住。‎ ‎29．A.role B．desire C．concern D．behavior 答案　A 解析　联系空后的“as a journalist”可知，今天这些话对于“我”作为记者的角色(role)仍然是真实有用的。desire渴望；concern担心；behavior举止。‎