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【英语】2018届二轮复习完形填空典题演练探究学案(15页word版)
2018届二轮复习 完形填空典题演练探究 1. 短文特点 长度:约250词,自2011年以来的8套新课标卷中,最长的是260词,最短的是230词。 体裁:以记叙文为主,有时是说明文或议论文。 内容:传播知识,传递正能量,可读性较强。 2. 命题特点 设空词类:除2015年(卷I考查了whatever;卷II考查了but)外,2011-2014年一般只有名词、动词、形容词、副词四类词,其中2011年和2013年的卷II没有副词。这四类词的比例没有规律性,只是名词和动词相对多些。 值得一提的是,卷I有时会出现短语的选项,但是卷II年年都考查短语,其中2013年多达5题。 语法形式:同一小题的四个选项通常为同一词类且为同一语法形式。但有时会出现原形(无比较级的副词)与比较级,单数(主要是不可数名词) 与复数名词混杂的情况。 不设空词类:代词、冠词、介词。连词一般不考查(但2015年例外)。 不考点:都不考单纯语法、固定搭配、同义词或近义词辨析。四个选项的意义相差很大。 3. 正确选项分布 正确选项中A、B、C、D的个数均等,都为5个。但2014年新课标卷I是基本均等或不完全均等(5645)。在高考中恰当运用此规律,可能会给你增加2~3分。 完形填空——解题方略 完形填空题旨在考查考生的英语基础知识和综合运用能力,重点考查语篇理解能力、逻辑推断能力、与话题相关的背景知识,以及词汇、习惯用法和语言知识的综合运用能力等。也就是说,完形填空是从语篇层次考查考生综合运用语言知识的能力。 一个基本方法 完形填空中的每一空填哪个词,在文中必有依据,即文中一定有信息告诉我们该选哪一个。因此,解答完形填空最基本的方法就是从全文出发,根据语境(空格前后)所提供的信息(答题的依据),结合常识进行适度的推理,做出符合逻辑的判断,从而选出正确的答案。有人归纳为:上下求索找信息。 有的空格的答案信息点在空格前,有的在空格后,有的在前文和后文都有出现,需要综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效果。如: My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 41 my job. Family to Feed. ” At this store, a 42 like this is not normal.(2015新课标卷I) 41. A. Lost B.Changed C. Quit D.Finished 42. A. condition B. place C. sight D.show 解析: 41题,根据空后句 Family to Feed(有一家人要养), 结合常识可知,这个人一定是失业了(lost),在这讨钱讨物来养家糊口,故选A项。 42题,选项是名词,空后like this应是作定语,this指代什么呢?应是指上文提到的“我们”所看到的这种“情景(sight)”:一个人拿着一张纸,纸上写着“Lost my job. Familyto Feed.” 故选C项。 注意: 虽然绝大多数题只需根据空格所在句的前后信息或空格前后句提供的信息就可以选择正确答案,但有的题的答案信息可能出现在与空格相差几句之遥的地方,甚至下一段或文末。如: Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 47 . I thought about it… When we handed him the bag of… When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 54 his family might need,he burst into tears. 47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D.gift card 解析:第47题,不但根据本句选不出答案,即使根据上下句,甚至整段都无法解题,直到相隔五句话后的下一段,第54题前出现gift card(礼品卡),才知道选D项。 四个解题步骤 1. 通读全文,理解大意。 重视首句信息,用略读法(skimming)把握文章大意,控制在10秒左右。 2. 根据语境,初选答案。 读懂各句,并在结合语境理解空格所在句或上下句意的基础上,依据各选项的意义和用法,遵循先易后难的原则,先选出那些自己有把握的选项,并可将所选词速写在空格处。对少数难题,暂时跳过,或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示;或许一个在前面不能解的题,在填出了另一空后你就会豁然开朗。 3. 复读全文,解决难题。 借助已经补全的空格,我们对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决遗留的少数疑难问题。 4. 利用规律,不留空格。 我们知道,高考中正确选项A、B、C、D的个数是均等的,即每个选项5个。我们在做好有把握的题后,哪个字母的选项最少就全选哪个字母,决不留空。(巧妙运用此规律,可能会给你增加2~3分。) 典题演练 A Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk. And they’ve never actually __41__ you. Everything they know about you __42__ through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. __43__ they feel they can know you __44__ from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the __45__ is. Powerful, yes, but not always __46__. For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met __47__, got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really __48__ me. I sometimes wished to __49__ another agent. One morning, I had to __50__ an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office __51__. The woman sitting at the desk, __52__ my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a __53__ smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the __54__ immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought. Rushing out __55__ I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a __56__ woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was __57__! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so __58__. Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s __59__ — her warm smile, her nods, her ’I’m here for you’ __60__ — were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 语篇解读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。多年来作者都是通过电话与旅行代理人联系,觉得对方说话的声音冷冰冰的。但是有一次订机票的时候作者亲自来到代理人的办公室,发现自己先前的判断是错误的。 41.A.accepted B.noticed C.heard D.met 解析:选D 语篇性设空题。根据上文的“have formed impressions of you ...on your desk”和第二段中的“only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met ...”可知,that little device是指电话,由此可判断选D项:他们从来没有见到(meet)过你。 42.A.came B.moved C.ran D.developed 解析:选A 语篇性设空题。他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置,有时是来自数百英里之外。come“来”;move“移动”;run“跑”;develop“开发,培养”。 43.A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed 解析:选B 语篇性设空题。联系上下文,本空用副词yet表示转折含义:可是他们觉得他们能够了解你…… 44.A.rather B.also C.just D.already 解析:选C 前置性设空题。前文说他们没见过你,他们有时离你数百英里远,这里用just表示“仅仅;只是”,此处指“但是他们觉得只需要听到你的声音就能了解你”。 45.A.telephone B.voice C.connection D.impression 解析:选A 语篇性设空题。本题很容易因为前文中的“the sound of your voice”而错选B项“voice”,但是文章开头说到“that little device”,因此这里讲的是“你书桌上的那台小装置”,下文也提到“only by phone”和“travel through wires”,因此本题选A项“电话”。 46.A.direct B.useful C.easy D.accurate 解析: 选D 后置性设空题。通读下文可知,作者开始时因为瑞妮在电话里的声音很冷淡而生气,但见面后,却发现她是个“wonderful lady”,因此该空选accurate“准确的”,此处是说(电话是)强大的,但不总是准确的。 47.A.in person B.by myself C.in public D.on purpose 解析:选A 前置性设空题。“never met in person”与上文的“faceless”相呼应。in person“亲自”;by oneself“独自”;in public“公开地”;on purpose“故意地”。 48.A.annoyed B.interested C.discouraged D.confused 解析:选A 前置性设空题。作者的这个旅行代理人总能给他最低价格(rockbottom prices),但是她冷冰冰的声音让作者不开心,根据语境可知选A项“annoyed”。annoyed“生气的”;interested“感兴趣的”;discouraged“沮丧的”;confused“困惑不解的”。 49.A.promote B.train C.find D.know 解析:选C 前置性设空题。作者对瑞妮冷冰冰的语气很是气恼,有时希望另外找个代理人。promote“提升”;train“训练”;find“找到”;know“知道”。 50.A.arrange B.postpone C.confirm D.book 解析:选D 后置性设空题。由下文的“a family emergency”可知,作者家中有急事,需要马上坐飞机回家,故选book“预订”。arrange“安排”;postpone“推迟”;confirm“证实”。 51.A.for the first time B.at any time C.from time to time D.in good time 解析:选A 前置性设空题。上文提到,作者之前与瑞妮从来没有见过面,因此这里选for the first time。for the first time“第一次”;at any time“随时”;from time to time“不时,偶尔”;in good time“及早,有足够的时间”。 52.A.expecting B.seeing C.testing D.avoiding 解析:选B 后置性设空题。作者跑到瑞妮的办公室,坐在桌旁的瑞妮看到(see)作者着急的样子就跳了起来,满是同情。expect“期待”;test“检测”;avoid“避免”。 53.A.shy B.comforting C.familiar D.forced 解析:选B 前置性设空题。根据上文中madness可知作者很着急,因此这里用comforting“令人欣慰的”:她给了我一个令人欣慰的微笑。shy“腼腆的”;familiar“熟悉的”;forced“勉强的”。 54.A.bill B.form C.ticket D.list 解析:选C 前置性设空题。上文提到作者家里有急事,需要立即坐飞机回去(an immediate flight home),因此此处说的是给作者打印飞机票(ticket)。 55.A.hopefully B.disappointedly C.gratefully D.regretfully 解析:选C 前置性设空题。作者遇到这么热心的旅行代理人,当然是心存感激(gratefully)。hopefully“有希望地”;disappointedly“失望地”;regretfully“遗憾地”。 56.A.careful B.serious C.nervous D.pleasant 解析:选D 后置性设空题。此处应与下文的“a big smile ...waving to wish me a safe trip”相呼应,故用pleasant。careful“仔细的”;serious“严肃的”;nervous“紧张的”;pleasant“令人愉悦的”。 57.A.amused B.worried C.helpless D.speechless 解析:选D 语篇性设空题。作者想到自己当初对瑞妮的错误判断,而眼前的瑞妮是那么热心,因此一时竟不知道该说什么(speechless)了。amused“逗乐的”;worried“担心的”;helpless“无助的”。 58.A.calm B.nice C.proud D.clever 解析: 选B 前置性设空题。由上文可知,作者亲眼见到瑞妮后发现她是一个wonderful lady,于是反问自己“我之前怎么会认为她冷冰冰呢?哦,瑞妮是这么友好(nice)”。 59.A.forgiveness B.eagerness C.friendliness D.skillfulness 解析:选C 后置性设空题。破折号后的“她温暖的微笑,她的点头,她的’我在这里为你服务’……”是对该空格的解释,C项最符合语境。forgiveness“宽恕”;eagerness“急切”;friendliness“友好”;skillfulness“熟练”。 60.A.explanation B.attitude C.concept D.behavior 解析:选B 语篇性设空题。结合上文引号中的内容“我在这里为你服务”及下文的“silent signals”判断B项符合语境。explanation“解释”;attitude“态度”;concept“概念”;behavior“行为”。 (2016·全国卷Ⅲ) When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant __41__ Miller King, who was the best __42__ at our school. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for __43__. Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from __44__. He looked very __45__, but he didn’t cry. That season, I __46__ all of Miller’s records while he __47__ the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, __48__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s __49__. One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller __50__ going over a fence — which wasn’t __51__ to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept __52__ from. But even that challenge he accepted. I __53__ him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally __54__ on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did __55__. Thank you for filling in for __56__.” His words freed me from my bad __57__. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was __58__ ahead of me. I was right to have __59__ him. From that day on, I grew __60__ and a little more real. 语篇解读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在学校“我”喜欢踢足球,并且很崇拜Miller King,但是他因为车祸失去了右臂而不能参加比赛了。“我”代替了他,并且取得了骄人的成绩。“我”心里感觉对不起他,但是他的话让“我”深受感动。 41.A.cheering for B.beating out C.relying on D.staying with 解析:选B 语篇性设空题。联系空前的“to become the star on our football team”和空后的“who was the best ...”可知,“我”要成为足球队的明星,就意味着要击败(beat out)最好的球员Miller King。 cheer for“为……欢呼”;rely on“依靠”;stay with“与……待在一起”。 42.A.coach B.student C.teacher D.player 解析:选D 前置性设空题。联系前文“我要在足球上打败Miller King”可知,他是学校最好的球员(player)。 43.A.practice B.show C.comfort D.pleasure 解析:选A 前置性设空题。联系前文“all summer long I worked out”可知,整个夏天自己都带着足球,在外练习(practice)。show“表演”;comfort“安慰”;pleasure“乐趣”。 44.A.school B.vacation C.hospital D.training 解析:选C 前置性设空题。联系前文“Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm”可知,他出车祸,住院了,然后从医院(hospital)回来。 45.A.pale B.calm C.relaxed D.ashamed 解析:选A 前置性设空题。联系前文“他刚从医院回来”可知他脸色苍白(pale)。calm“平静的”;relaxed“放松的”;ashamed“羞愧的”。 46.A.held B.broke C.set D.tried 解析:选B 后置性设空题。联系下文“We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player ...”可知,“我”打破(break)了Miller所有的纪录。hold“保持”;set“创造”;try“尝试”。 47.A.reported B.judged C.organized D.watched 解析:选D 后置性设空题。联系空后的“the home games from the bench”可知,他坐在凳子上看(watch)比赛。report“报道”;judge“裁判,评判”;organize“组织”。 48.A.and B.then C.but D.thus 解析:选C 语篇性设空题。前后两部分在语意上是转折关系,因此用but。 49.A.decision B.mistake C.accident D.sacrifice 解析:选C 前置性设空题。联系空前的Miller’s以及前文讲述的Miller因为车祸致残不能参加比赛的情况可知,作者总是责备自己,因为Miller遭遇车祸(accident)了自己才有机会。decision“决定”;mistake“错误”;sacrifice“牺牲”。 50.A.stuck B.hurt C.tired D.lost 解析:选A 后置性设空题。Miller由于失去了右臂,因此独自一人很难翻越围栏。stuck在此作形容词,表状态,指Miller无法翻越围栏,被卡住了动不了。 51.A.steady B.hard C.fun D.fit 解析:选B 后置性设空题。联系空后的“if you had both arms”可知,现在他被卡住了,如果有两只胳膊,过篱笆对于他来说,不是难(hard)事。steady“稳定的”;fun“有趣的”;fit“合适的,健康的”。 52.A.praise B.advice C.assistance D.apology 解析:选C 后置性设空题。我一直梦想打败Miller,就在九月前Miller出了车祸,只能坐在休息区看比赛无法上场,而我却在场上破了他所有纪录还被提名MVP,所以我肯定他最不想接受我的帮助。assistance符合语境。 53.A.let B.helped C.had D.noticed 解析:选B 语篇性设空题。联系前文可知,他卡在那里,再联系空后“him move slowly over the fence”可知,“我”帮助(help)他从篱笆上下来。 54.A.dropped B.ready C.trapped D.safe 解析:选D 前置性设空题。由前文的“move slowly over the fence”和空后的“on the other side”可知,最后我们安全(safe)了。drop“落下”;ready“准备好的”;trap“卡住”。 55.A.fine B.wrong C.quickly D.normally 解析:选A 前置性设空题。联系前文“We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player”可知,他说“我”做得很好(fine)。 56.A.us B.yourself C.me D.them 解析:选C 前置性设空题。联系空前的“filling in”可知,因为Miller受伤,作者代替了他,此处是Miller说的话,所以用me。 57.A.memories B.ideas C.attitudes D.dreams 解析:选D 前置性设空题。联系第四段中的“I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame”可知,他的话让“我”从这些不好的梦(dream)中摆脱出来。memory“记忆”;idea“主意”;attitude“态度”。 58.A.still B.also C.yet D.just 解析:选A 前置性设空题。联系空前的“Damaged but not defeated”可知,Miller尽管受伤,但是没有被打败,他仍(still)在“我”的前面。 59.A.challenged B.cured C.invited D.admired 解析:选D 前置性设空题。与文章首段呼应,表示我对Miller的钦佩和仰慕是正确的。 60.A.healthier B.bigger C.cleverer D.cooler 解析:选B 后置性设空题。联系空后的“and a little more real”可知,自己不断地成长(bigger),越加真实。查看更多