2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module4WhichEnglish单元学案设计（32页）

2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module4WhichEnglish单元学案设计（32页）

‎2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module 4Which English单元学案设计 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．absurd adj.　　　　　 荒谬的，荒唐的 ‎2．abuse v. 辱骂；恶语 ‎3．ambiguous adj. 歧义的；含糊的 ‎4．ancestor n. 祖先，前辈 ‎5．betray v. 对……不忠 ‎6．clarify v. 弄明白；澄清 ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎7．classify v．　　　　　　 将……分类 ‎8．clumsy adj. 笨拙的 ‎9．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困难的抉择 ‎10．explicit adj. 清楚明白的；易于理解的 ‎11．prayer n. 祈祷文；悼词 ‎12．prejudice n. 偏见；歧视 ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎13．rhythm n．　　　　　 节奏；韵律 ‎14．straightforward adj. 简单的，易懂的 ‎15．superior adj. 更好的；更强的 ‎16．telegraph n. 电报 ‎17．tendency n. 趋向；倾向 ‎18．vague adj. 不明确的；含糊的　‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎1．approval n．　　　　　 赞许；赞成 ‎2．association n. 联系 ‎3．author n. 作家，作者 ‎4．candidate n. 投考者，应考人 ‎5．complain v. 抱怨；不满 ‎6．concept n. 概念；观念 ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎7．conflict n．　　　　　　 抵触；冲突 ‎8．count v. 很重要；很有价值 ‎9．debate n. 讨论；辩论 ‎10．instantly adv. 立即，马上 ‎11．investigate v. 调查 ‎12．link n. 联系　‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎13．matter v．　　　　　 重要，要紧；有关系 ‎14．media n. 新闻媒体，传媒 ‎15．moral n. 寓意；教育意义 ‎16．oppose v. 反对 ‎17．potential adj. 潜在的；可能的 ‎18．reject v. 拒绝接受 ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎19．relevant adj.　　　 有关的；切题的 ‎20．resist n. 反抗；抵抗 ‎21．revolution n. 革命 ‎22．select v. 挑选，选择 ‎23．sex n. 性别 ‎24．status n. 地位 ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎25．thus adv.　　　　　 因此；因而 ‎26．unique adj. 独一无二的；独特的 ‎27．acquire v. 得到，获得 ‎28．convey v. 传达，传递 ‎29．convinced adj. 确信的，信服的 ‎30．curiosity n. 好奇心　‎ ‎[第九屏听写]‎ ‎31．furthermore adv.　　 此外，而且 ‎32．overcome v. 征服；战胜 ‎33．recognisable adj. 能辨认的，能认出的 ‎34．significance n. 意义；含义 ‎35．withdraw v. 收回；撤销(说过的话)‎ ‎36．a_huge_number_of 大量的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第十屏听写]‎ ‎37．as_long_as　　　　　 只要 ‎38．get_down_to_sth. 开始做某事 ‎39．in_conclusion 总之 ‎40．let_sb._down 使某人失望 ‎41．lie_in 在于 ‎42．tell_...apart 区分开 二、刷清单—— ‎(一)核心单词 阅读单词 ‎1.absurd adj.　荒谬的，荒唐的 ‎2．abuse v. 辱骂；恶语 ‎3．ambiguous adj. 歧义的；含糊的 ‎4．ancestor n. 祖先，前辈 ‎5．betray v. 对……不忠 ‎6．clarify v. 弄明白；澄清 ‎7.classify v．将……分类 ‎8．clumsy adj. 笨拙的 ‎9．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困难的抉择 ‎10．explicit adj. 清楚明白的；易于理解的 ‎11．prayer n. 祈祷文；悼词 ‎12.prejudice n．偏见；歧视 ‎13．rhythm n. 节奏；韵律 ‎14．straightforward adj. 简单的，易懂的 ‎15．superior adj. 更好的；更强的 ‎16．telegraph n. 电报 ‎17．tendency n. 趋向；倾向 ‎18．vague adj. 不明确的；含糊的 表 达 单 词 ‎1.matter v．　重要，要紧；有关系 ‎2．count v. 很重要；很有价值 ‎ ‎3．debate n. 讨论；辩论 ‎4．thus adv. 因此；因而 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．It is not how much you read but what you read that counts (很重要)．‎ ‎2．Kathy has wasted so much time playing, thus (因此) failing in the ‎ ‎5．select v. 挑选，选择 ‎6．reject v. 拒绝接受 ‎7．overcome v. 征服；战胜；克服 ‎8．oppose v. 反对 ‎9．moral n. 寓意；教育意义；道德 ‎10．status n. 地位 ‎11．revolution n. 革命 exam. ‎ ‎3．The president would oppose (反对) giving military aid to this country. ‎ ‎4．Her brother was rejected (拒绝接受) by the army because of his bad eyesight. ‎ ‎5．She overcame (克服) injury to win the Olympic gold medal.‎ ‎6．Hopefully, another ten volunteers will have been selected (挑选) to work in the new exhibition by the end of this week. ‎ ‎7．However great the demand to succeed, one should never abandon his moral (道德) and social consciousness. ‎ 拓 展 单 词 ‎1.approval n．赞许；赞成→approve v．赞许；赞成 ‎2．complain v．抱怨；不满→complaint n．抱怨 ‎3．instantly adv.立即，马上→instant adj.立即的；紧急的，立刻的n.瞬间，立刻 ‎4．investigate v．调查→investigation n．调查 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．Thanks to your approval,_if you didn't approve of my plan, I would be fired by the employer.(approve)‎ ‎2．It's a convincing speech and I'm convinced that many people will benefit from it.(convince)‎ ‎3．To get more evidence, the ‎ ‎5．recognisable adj.能辨认的，能认出的→recognise v．认出；承认→recognition n．认出；承认 ‎6．convinced adj.信服的，确信的→convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的→convince vt.使信服，使确信 ‎7．significance n．意义；含义→significant adj.有意义的 ‎8．resist v．反抗；抵抗→resistance n．反抗；抵抗→resistant adj.反抗的 ‎9．curiosity n．好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地 ‎10．association n．联系→associate v．联系→associated adj.有联系的 lawyer investigated many witnesses. After investigation,_he got some useful proof.(investigate)‎ ‎4．Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the significance of it.(significance)‎ ‎5．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn't any association between them. (associate)‎ ‎6．The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden. He is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)‎ ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.tell_..._apart　　　　　区分开 ‎ ‎1.The final examination is coming ‎2．as_long_as 只要 ‎ ‎3．lie_in 在于 ‎ ‎4．in_conclusion 总之 ‎5．a_huge_number_of 大量的 ‎ ‎6．get_down_to_sth. 开始做某事 ‎7．let_sb._down 使某人失望 ‎ ‎8．communicate_with 与……交流 ‎ ‎9．be_relevant_to 与……相关 ‎ ‎10．or_rather 更确切地说 ‎ ‎11．be_meant_for 意欲……，有……目的 ‎ ‎12．in_case 以免，万一 ‎ ‎ up soon. It's time for us to get_down_to our studies.‎ ‎2．Learning foreign languages calls for your memory, time, patience and emotions. In_conclusion,_it is not a simple thing.‎ ‎3．I promised to go to the party with Jane and I can't let her down. ‎ ‎4．You see, they are twins and I want to find a good way to tell them apart.‎ ‎5．He worked late last night, or_rather,_early this morning.‎ ‎6．As_long_as I deliver the goods, my boss is very happy.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.In this sense everybody's use of language — whether English, Chinese, or any other — is different.‎ whether ... or ...“不论……还是……”，用于连接并列成分。‎ 她去也好留也好都没有什么关系。‎ It makes no difference whether_she_goes_or_stays.‎ 从这种意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语还是任何其他语言——都是不同的。‎ ‎2.Perhaps correctness doesn't matter — as long as speakers can understand each other — it's communication that counts.‎ 也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。‎ it's ... that ...为强调句型，此处强调了句子的主语。‎ 昨天是杰克和玛丽遇见了一个长得很可笑的男人。‎ It_was_Jack_and_Mary_who/that met with a funny looking man yesterday.‎ ‎3.English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.‎ 英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。‎ ‎“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”句式。‎ 首先，我建议你了解下唐朝历史，这可能会更容易理解。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ Firstly, I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty, which_may_be_much_easier_to_understand.‎ 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．debate n．& v．讨论；辩论 ‎[经典例句]　The committee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16.‎ 委员会将讨论是否将参加俱乐部的年龄限制放宽到16岁。‎ ‎(1)under debate　　　　　　　 正在讨论中 beyond debate　 无可争辩 a debate about/over/on 一场有关……的辩论 ‎(2)debate on/about/over ... 就……辩论 debate about sth. with sb. 和某人就某事辩论 ‎[多角练透] ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①They debated with each other about/on/over the environment protection and economic growth.‎ ‎②There is no doubt that the truth of this news is beyond debate.‎ 补全句子 ‎③One of the questions under_debate over education in many colleges is whether education is a lifetime study.‎ 在许多大学中关于教育正在讨论的问题之一就是教育是否是终生学习。‎ ‎2．convinced adj.确信的，信服的 ‎[教材原句]　Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.‎ 专家们确信，随着将来越来越多的人学习英语并把它称为自己的语言，这一现象将会发生。‎ ‎(1)be convinced of/that ...　　 相信/确信……‎ ‎(2)convince vt. 使确信，使信服 convince 使某人相信……‎ convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事 ‎(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎ ‎①The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.‎ ‎②We finally convinced them of our honesty and they decided to cooperate with us.‎ 补全句子 ‎③It took me many hours to convince_the_poor_boy_to_go to school again.‎ 我花费了好几个小时才说服那个穷苦孩子重返学校。‎ ‎3．relevant adj.有关的；切题的；有价值的，有意义的 ‎[经典例句]　These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry.‎ 这些意见与这项调查没有直接联系。‎ ‎(1)be relevant to　　　　　　 与……有关系 ‎(2)relevance n. 相关性，关联；实用性 have relevance to 与……有关系 ‎[题点全练]　补全句子 ‎①I don't think his remarks are_relevant_to our discussion.‎ 我认为他的话不切我们的议题。‎ ‎②What you are saying has_no_relevance_to the matter in hand.‎ 你现在所说的与正在考虑中的问题毫无关联。‎ ‎4．oppose v．反对；与……对抗 ‎[经典例句]　He threw all those that opposed him into prison.‎ 他把所有反对他的人都投进了监狱。‎ ‎(1)oppose ‎(2)opposed adj.　　　　　 　 强烈反对的；截然不同的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 ‎(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对面的；对立的 ‎　n. 对立面 ‎　 prep. 在……的对面 ‎　　 　adv. 在对面 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The parents strongly opposed their daughter going (go) there alone.‎ ‎②Though beaten by the opposite (oppose) team, they didn't lose heart.‎ 单句改错 ‎③Opposing to the plan of raising prices, they decided not to carry it out.Opposing→Opposed Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval (approve). ‎ ‎2．There has always been a close association (associate) between these two schools.‎ ‎3．You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. ‎ ‎4．It has been reported that the country's healthcare reform is still under debate. ‎ ‎5．They hit a truck coming in the opposite (oppose) direction.‎ ‎6．The police received several complaints (complain) about the ‎ noise from our party. ‎ ‎7．The study brought together data from 16 previous investigations (investigate)．‎ ‎8．Instantly (instant) it began to rain they took cover under a big tree.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．We are firmly opposed to help the young man addicted to alcohol.help→helping ‎2．Plants that grow in deserts are resistant water loss.resistant后加to ‎3．Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debated and questioning.debated→debate ‎ ‎4．She complained to me about her company's coldness to her.about→of Ⅲ.根据提示词补全句子 ‎1．我们相信2022年北京冬奥会一定会取得成功。(convince)‎ We are_convinced_that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be a great success.‎ ‎2．我们将用公交车把这些孩子送到机场。(convey) ‎ We will convey_these_children_to the airport by bus.‎ ‎3．据说一个人的命运和他的性格有关。(relevant)‎ It is said that a person's fate is_relevant_to_his_character.‎ ‎4．你做什么、怎么去做对我来说都无关紧要。(matter)‎ It_doesn't_matter_to_me what you do and how you do it.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎1．The senior students strongly objected to being treated unfairly ‎ by others. ‎ ‎→The senior students are_strongly_opposed_to_being_treated unfairly by others. (opposed)‎ ‎→The senior students are_strongly_against_being_treated unfairly by others. (against) ‎ ‎2．I've been trying to convince Jean to come with me.‎ ‎→I've been trying to persuade Jean to come with me.‎ ‎→I've been trying to persuade Jean into coming with me.‎ ‎→I've been trying to talk Jean into coming with me.‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．tell ...apart区分开 ‎[经典例句]　It's almost impossible to tell Jackie and Moira apart since they had their hair cut.‎ 杰姬和莫伊拉都把头发剪了，几乎不可能把她俩区分开。‎ ‎(1)tell A from B/tell the difference between A and B/distinguish between A and B/distinguish A from B　　　　　　　　　　 把A和B区分开来 ‎(2)fall apart 土崩瓦解 apart from 除……之外 ‎[多角练透]‎ 句型转换 ‎①I think it is quite difficult for us to tell the twin brothers apart.‎ ‎→I think it is quite difficult for us to tell_the_difference_between the twin brothers.(difference)‎ 补全句子 ‎②Apart_from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.‎ 除了脸部和双手受伤以外，他的两条腿也断了。‎ ‎2．let sb.down使某人失望 ‎[教材原句]　With friends like these, who needs enemies? means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.‎ ‎“有这样的朋友，还要敌人干吗？”意思是一个朋友背叛了你或让你很失望。‎ let alone　　　　　　　　 更不用说；更谈不上 let sb./sth. alone 不管/不干涉某人/某物 let off 让……下车；宽恕；使爆炸 let out 使出去；放出；泄露；发出 let go (of) 放手，松手，放开；使自由 let in 放进，让……进来 选用上述短语填空 ‎①Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let_out loud shouts of victory.‎ ‎②The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting_in the natural light during the day.‎ ‎③I believe I can be a good volunteer and I won't let you down.‎ ‎④When John was arrested for drunk driving, he expected to lose his driving license, but he was let_off with a fine.‎ ‎3．“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”句式 English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which_may_be_difficult_to_understand.‎ 英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。‎ ‎“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...”句式有以下特点：‎ ‎(1)不定式说明主语在哪些方面存在形容词所表示的特点或性质。‎ ‎(2)不定式所表示的动作虽与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系，但通常以主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎(3)如果不定式为不及物动词，则后面要有相应的介词。‎ ‎(4)该句式中常用的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, comfortable, possible, pleasant, interesting, exciting, important等。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①This machine is very easy to_operate (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.‎ 补全句子 ‎②Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.‎ 尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。‎ ‎③The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is_very_comfortable_to_sit_on.‎ 这把椅子看上去很硬，但事实上坐在上面很舒服。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We had thought that we could rely on them, but they let us down.‎ ‎2．Effort leads to success and failure often lies in laziness.‎ ‎3．To confuse two things means not to be able to tell them apart.　‎ ‎4．The room which my friend booked on the Internet is comfortable to live in.‎ ‎5．It's high time that we should get down to dealing (deal) with the problem of food safety.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 ‎1．我们学校的外教很容易相处。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do ...)‎ The foreign teacher in our school is_easy_to_get_along_with.‎ ‎2．这对我们是好是坏还很难说。(whether ... or ...)‎ Whether_it_will_do_us_good_or_harm is hard to say.‎ ‎3．生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。(as long as)‎ In our life we may meet many failures; as_long_as_we_try_our_best,_there is no need feeling regret for these failures.‎ ‎4．他是通过努力工作才成功的。(强调句型)‎ It_was_through_hard_work_that he succeeded.‎ ‎5．当油和水混合时，很容易把它们分辨出来。(tell apart)‎ When oil and water mingle, they are easy_to_tell_apart.‎ ‎6．日本的所作所为使我们中国人很失望。(let ... down)‎ What Japan has done lets_us_Chinese_down.‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法 ‎　　——复习状语和状语从句 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Her simple act gave me joy even if/though I don't particularly enjoy sweets as much.‎ ‎2．I was so nervous that I didn't catch the manager's name.‎ ‎3．It will be great if you can tell me some information about chopsticks.‎ ‎4．No matter where we study, we can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best.‎ ‎5．She only uses that name when she paints.‎ ‎6．To our surprise, although/though much effort has been made, the cause of the accident has not been found out.‎ ‎7．I think it's better to give it a second thought as/because/for/since so many of us consider it a risk.‎ ‎8．While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.‎ ‎9．Neighbors said they heard the man tell the woman that she couldn't leave unless she gave back the money borrowed from him.‎ ‎10．Whether it is happiness or sorrow, it would finally become memories of life.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．As he is young, he knows a lot.As→Although/Though ‎2．He hardly got home when it began to rain.He后加had ‎3．I was about to go out while someone knocked at the door.while→when ‎4．Not until he came back I leave.back后加did ‎5．It is the first time I visited the Great Wall.I后加have ‎(二)课堂微写作 ‎　　 练缩写——让语言更凝练 ‎[题目要求]‎ 美国朋友Michael正在一家孔子学院学习汉语和中国文化，知道中国人很重视家风传承。他给中国学生李华写了一封电子邮件，想了解他家的家风以及家风对他的影响。以下是李华的回复。请把它缩写为一篇60词左右的邮件。‎ 注意：保留加黑词语。‎ Dear Michael，‎ I'm glad to know that you are learning Chinese language and culture.In your email you said that you wanted to know something about my family spirits. Well, there are many good qualities that have been passed from generation to generation in my family.My parents always lay emphasis on the importance of honesty, bravery, perseverance and diligence and they have set good examples for me and my brother.‎ My family spirits have a profound influence on me. I'm always friendly to others and am always ready to help others.I always cheer up and never stop chasing my goal even though I meet with difficulties.Owing great thanks to those good qualities, I have made great achievements in my study and life.‎ Yours，‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎[答案示例]‎ Dear Michael，‎ I'm glad to know that you are learning Chinese language and culture. Now I'll tell you something about my family spirits. My parents always lay emphasis on the importance of honesty，bravery，perseverance and diligence and they have set good examples for us.‎ I'm always friendly to others and ready to help others.I always cheer up and never stop chasing my goal.I have made great achievements in my study and life.‎ Yours，‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·石家庄高三联考)In the course of our lives, someone with whom we got acquainted by accident often inspires us.‎ Early one morning, I opened the window to find that the sun was splashed everywhere. The sunshine warmed my face, making it comfortable. I started to play my beloved violin. My mind was quite focused, my spirit firm, and my mood entirely free of worry. When I was playing the climax to the piece, a sound from next door got my attention.‎ I was fascinated and had a special idea: “How wonderful if we played together！” I began to play pieces by Beethoven with my neighbor, one piece after another. We played together so well that I was curious about how she or he looked. However, I couldn't figure out why the violinist next door never responded when I knocked on the door. I was extremely disappointed.‎ A year later, I took part in a violin competition. At the event, I ‎ made a new friend, whose name was Rita. This girl, who was my age, was deaf and dumb, but she had played the violin for eight years! I saw Rita carefully walk onto the stage. She put the violin between her neck and shoulder and began to perform. “The melody is so familiar！” I said to myself. It was unbelievable that a girl who was deaf and dumb could play such marvelous music. The audience warmly applauded her. What was even harder to believe was that the girl was my neighbor. It was fate that we should meet and become friends.‎ Rita's story made me realize that life is not always sunny or poetic; sometimes there are violent storms and setbacks. However, no matter what you suffer, believe in yourself and strive. You can succeed.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的邻居是位聋哑姑娘，但她却能用小提琴演奏出美妙的乐曲。作者通过这个故事告诉我们：有志者，事竟成。‎ ‎1．Why was there no response every time the author knocked on his neighbor's door?‎ A．His neighbor had moved away.‎ B．His neighbor meant to decline him.‎ C．His neighbor was hearingchallenged.‎ D．His neighbor was too excited to respond.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It was unbelievable that a girl who was deaf and dumb could play such marvelous music.”并结合全文内容可知，作者的邻居就是这位聋哑女孩，她听不到敲门声所以无法回应。故C项正确。‎ ‎2．What is the message conveyed in the last paragraph?‎ A．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.‎ B．Happiness exists in acceptance.‎ C．A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit.‎ D．Smile to life, and you'll get a smile back.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, no matter what you suffer, believe in yourself and strive. You can succeed.”可推知，最后一段主要表达的是“有志者，事竟成”。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．The author wrote this text mainly to________.‎ A．introduce his neighbor Rita B．value his friendship with Rita C．speak highly of Rita's violin skills D．show the inspiration he got from Rita 解析：选D　写作意图题。根据第一段并结合最后一段内容可知，本文旨在告诉读者作者从邻居——聋哑女孩Rita那里得到的启示。故D项正确。‎ B ‎(2018·宁夏银川高三教学质检)It is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence.There are some other important ways we shape our kids — particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words.For example, we can say to a child “Don't run into traffic！” or “Stay on the footpath close to me.” In using the latter, you will be helping your kids to think and act positively, and to feel competent in a wide range of situations, because they know what to do, and aren't scaring themselves with what not to do.‎ Actually, it is all in the way the human mind works.What we ‎ think, we automatically rehearse.For example, if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes, you wouldn't be able to do it.When a child is told “Don't fall off the tree，” he will think of two things：“don't” and “fall off the tree”. That is, he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind.A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off.So it is far better to use “Hold on to the tree carefully.”‎ Clear, positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things.Kids do not always know how to be safe, or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words.So parents should make their commands positive.“Sam, hold on firmly to the side of the boat” is much more useful than “Don't you dare to fall out of the boat？” or “How do you think I'll feel if you drown？” The changes are small but the difference is obvious.‎ Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words, so it pays to be positive.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在对孩子做出命令和指示时，父母所用的正面或负面的表达方式会影响孩子的自信心。‎ ‎4．Positive choice of words helps kids to ________.‎ A．do things carefully B．learn in different situations C．improve their imagination D．build up their confidence 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，父母用积极的表达方式更能够激发孩子们的自信心。故选D。‎ ‎5．What can we infer from Paragraph 2?‎ A．One can't help imagining what is heard.‎ B．A child will act on what is instructed.‎ C．A child will fall off the tree when told not to.‎ D．One won't think of a blue monkey when given money.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句“For example, if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes, you wouldn't be able to do it.”及后面的两个例子可知，当被告知不要做某事时，脑海中却会情不自禁地浮现出做某事的样子，故选A。‎ ‎6．Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe?‎ A．Fasten your seat belt.‎ B．Don't play by the lake.‎ C．How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt?‎ D．Don't you dare to walk through the red light?‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，明确的、肯定的命令更能让孩子们正确地行事，故A项符合题意。‎ ‎7．The main idea of the passage is that ________.‎ A．praise makes kids confident B．right instructions keep kids safe C．positive instructions guide kids D．clear commands make kids different 解析：选C　主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要论述了不同的命令和指示方式运用在教导孩子上的效果是迥然不同的，积极的指令有助于增加孩子的自信，指导孩子的行为，故选C。‎ C ‎(2018·福州市普通高中毕业班质检)On Wednesday, nearly 300 kids will take part in the National Spelling Bee.Fewer will make it to the following day's semifinals, where one mistake means elimination (淘汰)．I'd bet that many of them will be silently praying — not on the first word.I knew it because I was there 17 years ago.‎ I was a 14yearold girl then.My mother and I had flown from Kentucky to Washington, but the capital was no strange to her.My older sister had already competed at the national level.‎ When my sister was 14 and I was 12, we trained together.We began with the Suggested List given out at school — hundreds of words printed on a poster that could be folded up like a map.When the words along the creases (褶痕) began to disappear, we bought additional spelling lists.‎ Sometimes my mother tested us, reading words most English teachers wouldn't know how to pronounce, let alone my Indianborn mother.When she pointed out the misspelled words, I blamed her accent for my errors!‎ When it was my turn, I approached the microphone and waited for my first word.‎ The announcer was somewhere to my left, a man who pronounced clearly.“Barbican，” he said.‎ It seemed that my competitors were secretly complaining about the relative ease of my word.Would they laugh at me if I couldn't spell it? Would my mother be disappointed in me? That last syllable could go two ways: CAN or CON.Which one was right? Finally I decided on CON.‎ Of course, I was eliminated and guided to the Comfort Room, where parents couldn't enter.Inside, recent losers were sitting around a table abundant with junk food.‎ We casually mentioned the words that defeated us, like a special ceremony to welcome each new arrival.Then we changed the subject if we'd already moved on from missed words and lost opportunities.‎ Eventually, I went out and saw my mother.‎ ‎“Well，” she said, “I_guess_you_won't_be_doing_this_again.” Yes, next year I would be 15 and not allowed to take part in the competition.‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文，主要叙述了“我”14岁时参加全国英文拼字大赛的经历。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?‎ A．The difficulty of the first word.‎ B．The fierce competition.‎ C．The nervousness of the kids.‎ D．The strict rules.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。根据第一段最后两句可知，参加比赛的孩子都很紧张，所以默默祈祷，千万别在第一个单词就被淘汰；而“我”知道孩子们紧张是因为“我”在17年前有过这样的经历。据此可知，it指代孩子们的紧张，故C项正确。‎ ‎9．The author failed probably because ________.‎ A．she was unable to relax B．the announcer had an accent C．her competitors disturbed her D．she didn't practise hard enough 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第七段前三句“It seemed that my competitors were ... Would my mother be disappointed in me？”可以判断，“我”无法放松，心里想得很多，所以影响发挥而被淘汰。故A项正确。‎ ‎10．What did the author do in the Comfort Room?‎ A．She met her mother.‎ B．She comforted new arrivals.‎ C．She talked with other losers.‎ D．She watched the competition.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“We casually mentioned the words that defeated us ... Then we changed the subject if we'd already moved on from missed words and lost opportunities.”可知，在the Comfort Room里，“我”在和其他淘汰者聊天，故C项正确。‎ ‎11．Why did the author's mother say the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?‎ A．She was disappointed in the author.‎ B．The author would be beyond the age limit.‎ C．She didn't want the author to suffer again.‎ D．The author had no interest in the competition.‎ 解析：选B　句意理解题。根据最后一段中的“Yes, next year I would be 15 and not allowed to take part in the competition.”可以判断，“我”由于超过年龄限制，不能再参赛。‎ D ‎(2018·重庆市重点中学高三第一次联考)If you are like most English learners, you may be familiar with this: You think you ‎ understand a topic.Yet when asked to use what you have learned, you are not able to remember the information.Not being able to retrieve (数据检索) new ideas could happen on a test or even in a conversation.‎ Sarah Lynn, an educational consultant and teacher, thinks English learners can improve their ability to remember and use new words by testing themselves.She adds that selftesting improves retrieval — the ability to use and remember new words.‎ Lynn is not the only expert who recommends selftesting.A paper in Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition says one benefit of testing practice is that it improves retrieval.Retrieving information once makes retrieving that information easier in the future.In addition, the paper says, when students test themselves as part of studying, they learn what they do not know.When students know what they do not understand, they can pay attention to overcoming their weaknesses.Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying.Then, they should test themselves by thinking about what they have learned.She recommends that learners make themselves write or speak something.Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it.This will allow learners to test what they know.‎ Next time you are studying English, try to test yourself.But do not just assume that you can read something once or twice and fully understand it.Even if you highlight important points or take notes in a class, you probably do not fully understand what you learned.After all, Olympic athletes cannot learn how to swim or run just from reading a book.They have to practice swimming or running every ‎ day for years.They often compete in races to test their skills.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Sarah Lynn提出的自我测试可以提高英语学习者记忆和使用新单词的能力的观点。‎ ‎12．What's the common situation faced by English learners?‎ A．They fail to come up with new ideas.‎ B．They are not familiar with a certain topic.‎ C．They don't learn as well as they think.‎ D．They don't know how to improve their testtaking skills.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，英语学习者中普遍存在的一个问题是他们掌握的知识并没有自己想象中的那么好。故C项正确。‎ ‎13．Which is the advice given by Lynn about selftesting?‎ A．Recall what's learned with the book closed.‎ B．Remember what's learned by repetitive reciting.‎ C．Question your teachers on what you doubt bravely.‎ D．Challenge yourself to learn from videos.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying.”和“Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it.”可知，Lynn建议人们脱离阅读材料或视频材料进行自我检测，故A项正确。‎ ‎14．Why are Olympic athletes mentioned?‎ A．To show how to be successful athletes.‎ B．To make people confident of learning.‎ C．To warn English learners not to be proud.‎ D．To stress the significance of practice.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“Olympic athletes cannot learn how to swim or run just from reading a book.They have to practice swimming or running every day for years.”可知，作者提及奥运选手是为了说明英语学习也需要练习，即强调(在英语学习中)练习的重要性，故D项正确。‎ ‎15．What's the best title for the passage?‎ A．Learning actually takes effort most.‎ B．Improve English by selftesting.‎ C．Memorize more new words.‎ D．What is selftesting?‎ 解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是本文的主旨句“English learners can improve their ability to remember and use new words by testing themselves”可知，本文主要讲的是英语学习者可以通过自我检测来提高掌握单词的能力，故B项为文章最佳标题。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·黑龙江省六校协作体高三模拟)Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly? __1__ Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.‎ Clean the toilet with Coke.It's amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner.__2__ You'll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners.Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours.Then let water wash the toilet!‎ Remove water stains with orange peels.You've just eaten an orange.__3__ Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel.Your appliances will shine again after ‎ you rub (擦) them with the skins. The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second.‎ Use banana peels to polish leather furniture.Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs.Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task.__4__ Afterwards, remove the leftover with a cloth.This trick is simple and cheap.Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again.‎ ‎__5__ Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (无毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl.Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid.Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture.Use it to clean windows and mirrors.Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.‎ A．Wait a minute!‎ B．Make your own glass cleaner.‎ C．Follow the steps given below.‎ D．Of course your answer is “yes”．‎ E．They leave no marks or scratches.‎ F．Instead of drinking it, use it to clean the toilet bowl.‎ G．They are economical and safe to use on all of furniture.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中、让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。‎ ‎1．选C　根据空格前的“Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？”和空格后的“Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.”‎ 以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。‎ ‎2．选F　本段讲的是用可乐清理厕所，故F项“你可以不喝可乐，而是用之清洁马桶”符合语境。‎ ‎3．选A　根据下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels”可知，吃了橘子后，稍待片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。‎ ‎4．选E　根据上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，使污痕或划痕统统不见。所以选E。‎ ‎5．选B　根据下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic (无毒的) ...”和“Use it to clean windows and mirrors.Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。‎