【英语】2018届人教版必修四一轮复习：Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour教学设计（13页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修四一轮复习：Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour教学设计（13页）

Unit 3 A taste of English humor教案设计 教材分析和教材重组 教材分析 本单元的中心话题是“幽默”，内容涉及“幽默的种类”、“什么是幽默”、“喜剧演员”、“喜剧”、“笑话”和“文字游戏”等。语言技能和语言知识几乎都是围绕“幽默”这一话题展开的。通过本单元的语言技能训练和阅读能力训练，使学生领会英语国家的幽默表达。‎ ‎1. Warming Up 让学生了解幽默的种类，讨论各种英语幽默及与汉语幽默的比较。这部分的目的有两个，一是呈现本单元的话题——幽默，二是为本单元Reading部分做好了铺垫。‎ 2. Pre-reading 通过两个问题，引发学生对幽默的思考，幽默不仅仅是轻松一笑，好的幽默在一笑过后发人深省，耐人寻味。‎ 3. Reading 是一篇介绍性文章，揭示了人们接受、喜欢幽默的微妙心理，同时介绍久盛不衰的喜剧之王查理﹒卓别林以及他的代表作影片《淘金记》，帮助吸引学生的注意力，引起学生的极大兴趣。‎ 4. Comprehending 共有2个练习，这2个练习的设置从卓别林的生平信息和课文关键词两方面入手，非常科学。 ‎ 5. Learning about Language 分为两部分，Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元的词汇练习题，引导学生加深对新词汇的理解和记忆，同时也指导学生养成通过语境记忆词组、句型的方法; Discovering useful structures是本单元的语法练习题，通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握-ing形式作表语、定语、宾补的语法功能。‎ 6. Using Language分为两部分，Reading and listening同时读英语笑话和听英语笑话，让学生进一步体验幽默，培养语感。Speaking and writing部分要求学生先口头讲述笑话或幽默故事，体会其中的幽默，然后引出 writing的内容，把上述讨论的故事写下来，并按照讲故事的逻辑顺序组织文章结构。这个任务不但提供了机会让学生亲身实践讲幽默故事，并用笔头的形式进行强化，而且内容新颖有趣，有利于调动他们的学习积极性。‎ 教材重组 1. 将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。‎ 2. 将Learning about Language和Workbook的using words and expressions及using structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。‎ 3. 将Using Language设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一）”。‎ 4. 将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说课”。‎ 5. 将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。‎ 课时分配 ‎1st Period Reading ‎2nd Period Language study ‎3rd Period Integrating skills(I)‎ ‎4th Period Listening and Speaking ‎5th Period Integrating skills(II) ‎ Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading ‎(NONVERBAL HUMOUR)‎ Aims To develop reading ability To learn about and enjoy English humor, especially the kind of Charlie Chaplin’s particular form of acting.‎ to realize humor is everywhere; happiness is everywhere; to face up to life optimistically.‎ Procedures I. Warming up Warming up by learning something about “Humor”‎ What is “Humor”? Does any one of you know anything about humor? Look at the screen and read the definition of Humor from the Internet.‎ Humor (humour in British English) is the ability or quality of people, objects or situations to invoke feelings of amusement in other people. The term encompasses any form of entertainment or human communication which invokes such feelings, or which makes people laugh or feel happy.‎ English humor Example Chinese humor Example nonverbal mime and farce（哑剧和轻喜剧） Charlie Chaplin, Mr. Bean ‎ pantomime（哑剧）王景愚 funny plays（喜剧小品）陈佩撕 funny stories Mark Twain verbal jokes play on words, usually two lines cross talk（相声）jokes 姜昆 马季 funny poems Edward Lear doggerel（打油诗）‎ Note: ‎ Humor is particular to each culture. For example, the British laugh at things that are ridiculous and enjoy parody very much. Chinese humor includes puns, extended cross talk between two comedians etc. The British also enjoys play on words(like puns) but they are more like short jokes.‎ Warming up by watching and listening Hi, everyone! We are going to learn about A taste of English humour today. Now watch the slides/ pictures and listen to the English humour poems.‎ Why worry? ‎ There are only two things to worry about: Either you are well or you are sick. If you are well, then there is nothing to worry about. If you are sick, there are two things to worry about: Either you will get well or you will die. If you get well, then there is nothing to worry about. If you die, there are only two things to worry about: Either you will go to Heaven or Hell. If you go to Heaven, there is nothing to worry about. But if you go to Hell, you will be so damn busy Shaking hands with friends, you won´t have time to worry.‎ Whose job ...? ‎ This is the story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody. There was an important job to be done, and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that. because it was Everybody´s job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realised that Everybody wouldn´t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody, When Nobody did what Anybody could have done.‎ II. Pre-reading ‎ Telling the truth —What do you like to laugh at?‎ I like to laugh at cartoons, for they’re lovely and fun.‎ I like to laugh at fairy tales. They are amusing and interesting.‎ Although we have different sense of humor, it seems that the humor that all cultures enjoy is non-verbal humor. We all laugh at the antics of Charlie Chaplin and Mr. Bean. It is good that we can all laugh at something together!‎ Many years ago there lived an Emperor who was so exceedingly fond of fine new clothes that he spent vast sums of money on dress. To him clothes meant more than anything else in the world. He took no interest in his army, nor did he care to go to the theatre, or to drive about in his state coach, unless it was to display his new clothes. He had different robes for every single hour of the day.‎ III. Reading 1. Reading aloud to the recording Now please listen and read aloud to the recording of the text NONVERBAL HUMOUR. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses between the thought groups. ‎ 2. Reading and underlining Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them into your notebook after class as homework.‎ Collocations from NONVERBAL HUMOUR slide on…在……上滑行, bump into…不期而遇；偶然碰见；邂逅, round a corner在拐角处，在近处, fall down…摔倒，掉进, in the road在路面上, see other people’s bad luck看别人倒霉（遭到不幸）, at times时不时；经常地, feel content with…对……感到满意, be worse off情况更坏; 处境更糟; 经济情况更不好, astonish… with…以……方式令人吃惊, inspire deep feelings in sb. for…因为……激发人内心深处的感情, play a character扮演一个角色, be born in poverty出生穷困, become famous for因为……而出名, use a particular form of acting用独特的表演方式, entertaining silent movie令人愉快的无声影片, a charming character令人愉快的角色，有趣的角色, be well known throughout the world世界闻名, play a poor and homeless person扮演一个贫困而无家可归的人, carry a walking stick拄着拐杖, a social failure社会生活中的失败者, be loved by…被……爱戴（热爱）, overcome difficulties克服困难, be unkind to …对……不友好, make…entertaining使……令人愉快, a sad situation悲哀的境况, a boiled shoe一只煮沸的鞋, make… funny使……滑稽可笑, use nonverbal humour不用语言表达的幽默, in the middle of the nineteenth century在十九世纪中叶, in search of…搜寻，寻找, pan for gold用淘金盘淘金, wash sand洗沙（以便得到金子）, in a pan of water在淘金盘中, expect to do sth.期待做某事, pick up…得到，淘到, be fortunate enough足够幸运, be caught in a snowstorm遭遇到暴风雪, on the edge of…在……的边缘, in a small wooden house在一座小木屋, have nothing to eat没有可吃的东西, so… that…如此……以至于……, boil a pair of leather shoes煮一双皮鞋, sit down at the table坐在桌边, pick out…挑选，选出, cut off…切下；割下；砍下, treat… as if…像……一样对待, eat every mouthful with enjoyment快乐地享受每一口, make it seem as if…使它显得（好象）……, direct a movie执导一部影片, star in在……中担任主角, give… a special Oscar授予……奥斯卡特别奖, one’s lifetime某人的一生 outstanding work杰出的工作, live one’s life in…在……度过一生, ‎ 1. Reading to identify the topic sentence of each paragraph Skim the text and identify the topic sentence of each paragraph. You may find it either at the beginning, the middle or the end of the paragraph. ‎ 2. Reading and transferring information ‎ Read the text again to complete the table.‎ NONVERBAL HUMOUR What is nonverbal humour?‎ Who is Charlie Chaplin?‎ How does he make a sad situation entertaining?‎ What is the story of The Gold Rush?‎ Facts about Oscar A brief life history of Charlie Chaplin NONVERBAL HUMOUR What is nonverbal humour?‎ the humor not carried out or marked by the use of words but by antics Who is Charlie Chaplin?‎ a popular comic actor in the 20th century who used a particular form of acting, including mime and farce to invoke feelings of amusement and ‎ inspire deep feelings in people for the characters he played How does he make a sad situation entertaining?‎ by using nonverbal humour What is the story of The Gold Rush?‎ The Gold Rush (1925) is the quintessential Chaplin/Little Tramp film, with a balance of slapstick comedy and pantomime, social satire, and emotional and dramatic moments of tenderness. It was Chaplin's own personal favorite film, showing the classic Tramp character as a romantic idealist and lone gold prospector at the turn of the century, with his cane, derby, distinctive walk, tight shabby suit, and mustache.‎ During the Great Gold Rush to Alaska, men in thousands came from all parts of the world. Many of them were ignorant of the hardships before them - The intense cold, the lack of food and a journey through regions of ice and snow were the problems that awaited them.‎ Classic scenes include the starvation scene of two cabin-marooned prospectors boiling and fastidiously eating a stewed shoe, the teetering cabin on the edge of a cliff, and Chaplin's lonely fantasized New Year's Eve party when he waits for a girl who never comes. ‎ Facts about Oscar The Academy Awards, mostly known as Oscar, is the main national film award in the United States of America. Each Oscar statuette, manufactured in Chicago, is made from copper and nickel silver, and finally, is covered with 24-karat gold. It depicts a knight, holding a crusader’s sword, standing on a reel of film. The five spokes of the film reel signify the five original branches of the Academy: actors, directors, producers, technicians and writers. Although financially an Oscar statuette is not really valuable, its moral values are inestimable.‎ The tradition of the Academy Awards dates back 71 years, when the first talking movies had just begun.‎ A brief life history of Charlie Chaplin Charlie Chaplin, born in Walworth, London, England on April 26th, 1889, began his official acting career at the age of eight. He is considered to be one of the most pivotal stars of the early days of Hollywood and is most recognized as an icon of the silent film era, often associated with his popular "Little Tramp" character; the man with the toothbrush mustache, bowler hat, bamboo cane, and a funny walk.‎ In 1972 he was honored with an Academy Award for his "incalculable effect in making motion pictures the art form of the century.‎ Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest filmmakers in the history of American cinema, whose movies were and still are popular throughout the world, and have even gained notoriety as time progresses. His films show, through the Little Tramp's positive outlook on life in a world full of chaos, that the human spirit has and always will remain the same.‎ 1. Reading and understanding difficult sentences As you have read the text times, you can surely tell which sentences are difficult to understand. Now put your questions concerning the difficult points to the teacher. ‎ IV. Closing down Closing down by doing exercises To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises 1and 2 on pages 18 and 19. ‎ Closing down by watching a silent movie by Charlie Chaplin Do you like watching movies? Do you like humourous movies? Now let’s watch a silent humourous movie by Charlie Chaplin. It’s Charlie Chaplin's first film: Making a Living Closing down by reading about Charlie Chaplin To end the period we shall read an article about Charlie Chaplin. Now look at the screen and read it aloud with me.‎ Additional Materials Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.‎ People may laugh at others 1_______ on a banana skin, 2_______ into someone else, or falling down a hole, kind of cruel 3_______, for it makes them 4_______ with themselves seeing others 5_______ 6_______ than themselves. ‎ As an 7_______ humourous actor, Chaplin could always 8_______ in the audience deep feelings by using 9 ________ forms of acting in the time of silent films. His charming 10_______ the Little Tramp is well known all over the world, a poor and 11_______ person, wearing large trousers, 12_______ shoes, and carrying a walking 13_______. A social 14_______ as he was, he was loved by all the audience for his 15________ in overcoming difficulties and being kind to people 16_______ to him.‎ When playing the famous film The Gold Rush, Chaplin managed to make the sad situation, eating a 17_______ shoe, entertaining by using 18_______ humour. ‎ Such is Charlie Chaplin who produced, 19_______, and wrote movies that he 20_______ in. He was given a special Oscar in 1972 for his lifetime outstanding work of bringing humour to us all.‎ ‎（Key：1.sliding 2. bumping 3. humour 4. satisfied 5. worse 6. off 7. outstanding 8. inspire 9. particular 10. character 11. homeless 12. worn-out 13. stick 14. failure 15. determination 16. unkind 17. boiled 18. nonverbal 19. directed 20 starred）‎ Comprehension questions ‎1. Why do people enjoy seeing other people’s bad luck at times?‎ ‎ A. Because they think that is humorous.‎ ‎ B. Because seeing others’ bad luck makes them happy.‎ ‎ C. Because they feel more content with their life.‎ ‎ D. Because they are bad persons.‎ ‎2. The role Charlie Chaplin played in films ______.‎ ‎ A. was poor and homeless ‎ B. wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat ‎ C. always carried a walking stick ‎ D. all the above ‎3. Charlie Chaplin made eating a boiled shoe funny by______.‎ ‎ A. using funny lines B. using nonverbal humour ‎ C. using amusing expressions D. using gestures ‎4. Which of the following information about Charlie Chaplin is NOT mentioned in the text?‎ A. Chaplin wrote some movies for some other famous stars in his days.‎ B. Chaplin produced and directed some films he starred in.‎ C. Chaplin was born in 1889 and passed away in 1977.‎ D. Chaplin was given a special Oscar for his lifetime outstanding work in 1972.‎ ‎（Key：1.C 2. D 3. B 4. A）‎ Notes to some difficult sentences 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? ‎ 本句的句型是：find it + adj.+ to do sth. 其中it 是形式宾语, adj.作宾语补足语,不定式作真正的宾语。在不定式短语中，sliding、bumping、falling都是现在分词短语作宾语someone 的补足语。He found it almost impossible to express what he wanted to say. 他觉得要表达他想说的话几乎是不可能的。‎ ‎2. However, some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing.‎ 这个句子较长，其结构是：Actors can astonish us for a character, with the deep feelings 是状语, they can inspire in us 是定语从句，修饰feelings。They are playing是修饰character 的定语从句。‎ ‎3. This character was a social failure but he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.‎ 精简一下此句是: This character was a social failure but he was loved by all for his determination and being kind. 原句中who watched the films 是all 的定语从句, in overcoming difficulties 是determination 的定语, even when people were unkind to him 是 being kind 的时间状语从句。‎ ‎4. He makes it seem as if it were one of the best meals he has ever had！他表演得好象这是他曾经吃过的最美的佳肴。‎ 本句使用的结构是：make it + do，其中as if it were one of the best meals he has ever ‎ had是系动词seem的表语从句。were表示虚拟。he has ever had是定语从句修饰the best meals。He talks as if he knew all about it. 他说话的口气好像他全部都已经知道了。‎ ‎【高考链接】‎ ‎1. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.（NMET 2003）‎ A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ‎2. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _____ to her mother.‎ A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing ‎3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _____.(MET 1992)‎ A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening ‎4. He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _____ from he outside world.‎ ‎ (’04北京春)‎ A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through ‎5. She _____ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.(’06福建)‎ A. picked out B. made out C. made up D. picked up ‎6. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____. (’04重庆)‎ A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry ‎7. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (’04广西)‎ A. to form B. form C. forming D. being formed ‎8. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert. (’06湖南)‎ A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover ‎9. Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth. (’04天津)‎ A. run B. running C. being run D. to run ‎10. The American Civil War lasted four years _____ the North won in the end.(’05广东)‎ A. after B. before C. when D. then ‎【巩固练习】‎ ‎1. Which do you enjoy _____ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?‎ A. to spend B. spending C. spend D. being spent ‎2. The missing boys were last seen _____ near the river.‎ A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play ‎3. What an interesting _____ she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.‎ A. role B. character C. position D. function ‎4. Victor doesn’t have _____ sense of _____ humour. If you joke with him, he may get very angry.‎ A. the; the B. a; the C. a; / D. /; /‎ ‎5. The boat sank quickly but _____ everybody was rescued.‎ A. generally B. thoroughly C. naturally D. fortunately ‎6. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year.‎ A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ‎7. _____is not possibility _____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.‎ A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether ‎8. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island.‎ A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time ‎9. The creators of computer games are far from _____.‎ A. finishing B. being finished C. finished D. finish ‎10. _____ one challenge after another gives me self-confidence.‎ A. Overcoming B. Getting C. Facing D. Fulfilling ‎【汉译英】‎ ‎1. 那汽车撞到了前面的车子。（bump into）‎ ‎2．你对于你现在的薪水感到满意吗？（be content with）‎ ‎3．他决心靠自己克服困难。（overcome difficulties）‎ ‎4．这部影片以十八世纪中叶的伦敦为背景。（be set in）‎ ‎5．这户贫困的人家因未缴费而被切断煤气供应。（cut off）‎ ‎【答案及解析】‎ ‎【高考链接】‎ ‎1. B 现在分词做主语补足语，强调动作正在发生；动词不定式做主语补足语，表示动作将要发生。依据语境，应用现在分词表示“被发现正在发生”。‎ ‎2. A 本题考查了close和closely的意义区别。表示具体概念时用close，表示抽象概念时用closely，且closely 不与介词to 连用。close to 相当于near to。‎ ‎3. A 本题考查了复合宾语的用法。open可作动词也可作形容词，表示眼睛处于睁着的状态，应用形容词作宾补而不能用表示动作的opening；B、C两项不能作keep的宾补。‎ ‎4. B 句意：他住院六个月，有与世隔绝之感。cut A off B使A与B隔绝；cut out切成，剪成，开辟出某事物；cut up切碎，剪碎；挫伤某人；cut sth.through sth.开辟出一条路。‎ ‎5. D 句意：她在日本时学会了日语。现在运用自如。A项pick out= to choose sth. carefully from… 挑选出；B项make out= to ask if sb. managed well应付；C项make up= to form sth.形成；D项pick up= to get by chance偶然获得，学会。根据句意选D ‎6. A 这是一个复合句，简化的句子是Laws get parents worried, that引导的是修饰laws的限制性定语从句。句意：因年幼子女违法而惩罚父母的法律让父母们忧心忡忡。‎ ‎7. C 排除B、D两项，因为这两种形式不可作定语；A项做定语表将来；C项作定语表现在无一定时间性。‎ ‎8. A 句意：这些野花就像是覆盖在沙漠上的柔软的桔色的地毯。本题考查非谓语动词作定语，blanket与cover在逻辑上为主谓关系，排除B、C两项；D项表将来不符合题意，故A项正确。‎ ‎9. B 本题考查leave+宾语+宾语补足语。Leave在此处的意思是“留下；使仍处于某种状态”。当leave后的宾语和宾补是逻辑上的主动关系时，宾补常用现在分词，构成“leave+宾语+V-ing”句型。此句型中宾补还可以是过去分词，但和宾语的关系为被动，如：He often leaves his room unlocked in a hurry.‎ ‎10. B 本题考查连接词的用法.句意:美国南北战争持续了四年,北方才最终取得了胜利。‎ ‎【巩固练习】‎ ‎1. A enjoy的宾语是which, to spend做目的状语。‎ ‎2. A 副词last给予提示：在河边玩这个动作正在发生，需用现在分词短语做主语补足语。‎ ‎3. A 本题考查固定短语play a role in…，表示“在……中扮演角色”。‎ ‎4. C 本题考查冠词知识。a sense of humour 幽默感 a sense of responsibility 责任感。其中humour、responsibility为抽象名词，前面不加冠词。‎ ‎5. D 此题在语境中考查副词的用法：前面说船快速下沉，but一转折，“幸运的是”，每个人都获救了。‎ ‎6. C 本题考查动词-ing形式和-ed形式做宾补的区别。宾补用现在分词和宾语是主动关系；过去分词和宾语是被动关系，此处宾语为that, 即the plan和carry out是被动关系。‎ ‎7. A 此题考查There be和It be结构以及同位语从句的辨析。possibility后面部分表示它的内容，所以理解为that引导的是同位语从句。‎ ‎8. B 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意是“能有时间在这个美丽的岛上和你一起休闲，我真的感到很高兴。” 动词appreciate作“感到高兴；感激，感谢”解时，后常接名词或动名词作宾语，如：I greatly appreciate your kindness./I’d appreciate hearing from you now and then.‎ ‎9. C 本题做对的关键是理解选项作句子的什么成分。本句缺系动词are后面的表语，are finished表示完成的状态，短语far from“毫不，远非”。句意：网络游戏的创作者们还远没完成他们的创作。‎ ‎10. A 本题考查动名词短语做主语，同时必须明确短语overcome a challenge 意思是“迎接挑战，战胜困难”。‎ ‎【汉译英】‎ ‎1．The car bumped into the car in front.‎ ‎2．Are you content with your present salary？‎ ‎3. He is determined to overcome difficulties on his own/by himself.‎ ‎4. The film is set in London in the middle of the eighteenth century.‎ ‎5. The gas was cut off because the poor family hadn’t paid accounts ‎ ‎ Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language ‎(The –ing form as the Predicative, Attribute & Object Complement)‎ Aims To learn about the –ing form as the Predicative, Attribute & Object Complement To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures I. Warming up Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions Turn to page 19 and do exercises 1, 2 , 3, 4 and 5. Check your answers against your classmates’. ‎ II. Learning something about the –ing form: Participles Something about Participles A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective. It does the work of both a verb and an adjective. The term verbal indicates that a participle, like the other two kinds of verbals (gerund and infinitive), is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since they function as adjectives, participles modify nouns or pronouns. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles end in -ing. sometimes doubling the final consonant: ‎ ‎"think" becomes "thinking" ‎ ‎"fall" becomes "falling" ‎ ‎"run" becomes "running"‎ Past participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n, as in the words asked, eaten, saved, dealt, and seen.‎ A participial phrase is a group of words consisting of a participle and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the participle, such as:‎ The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special award. ‎ The guy wearing the chicken costume is my cousin. ‎ Find the participial phrases in these sentences and tell what word they modify.‎ ‎1. The man running slowly still finished the race.‎ ‎2. The boy having been scolded finally did his work.‎ ‎3. The teacher, having retired, could now travel widely.‎ ‎4. The soldier, having saluted his superior, continued on his way.‎ ‎5. The truck swerving and sliding hit the brick wall.‎ ‎ Answers ‎1. running slowly modifies man ‎2. having been scolded modifies boy ‎3. having retired modifies teacher ‎4. having saluted his superior modifies soldier ‎5. swerving and sliding modifies truck ‎ You can shorten a normal sentence by using the Participle Constructions.‎ I'm a lucky man feeling like you. ‎ ‎(I'm a lucky man who is feeling like you.)‎ The students wanting extra help were assigned to a special class.‎ ‎ (The students who wanted extra help were assigned to a special class.)‎ The screaming fans cheered their fighting team.‎ ‎(The fans who were screaming cheered their team that were fighting.)‎ Let sleeping dogs lie. ‎ ‎(Let dogs that are sleeping lie.)‎ Points to remember: ‎ ‎1. A participle is a verbal ending in -ing (present) or -ed, -en, -d, -t, or -n (past) that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or pronoun. 2. A participial phrase consists of a participle plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s). 3. Participles and participial phrases must be placed as close to the nouns or pronouns they modify as possible, and those nouns or pronouns must be clearly stated. 4. A participial phrase is set off with commas when it: a) comes at the beginning of a sentence, b) interrupts a sentence as a nonessential element, or c) comes at the end of a sentence and is separated from the word it modifies. ‎ the –ing form as the Attributive ‎ What is attributive? It is something placed before the nouns to be modified: “red” is an attributive adjective in “a red apple”. “walking ” is also an attributive adjective in “a walking stick”.‎ the –ing 形式作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个the –ing form作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面. the –ing form短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如: ‎ The rising sun looks very beautiful. ‎ I think some sleeping pills may help you.‎ Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?‎ There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.‎ 若被修饰词与the –ing form是被动关系时,须用the –ing form的被动式(being done)作定语。如: ‎ The song being broadcast is very popular with the young students. ‎ The meeting being held is of very important.‎ We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.‎ Exercises for consolidation:‎ ‎1. Seeing the sun ____ above the surface of sea, we let out a cry of joy. (94上海).‎ A. to rise B. to raise C. rising D. raising ‎2. The ____ boy was last seen ____ near the East Lake. (2000上海)‎ A. missing, playing B. missing, play ‎3. It is believed that if a book is ____, it will surely ____ the reader. (2003上海)‎ A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested ‎ C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest ‎4. Will those ____ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office? (2000上海)‎ A. teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. who teaching ‎5. The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000春)‎ A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung ‎（Keys: C A D A B）‎ IV. Closing down Closing down by discovering To end the period you are going to skim the text and the previous texts to find out all the examples containing –ing forms used as the predicative, attributive and object.‎ Closing down by exercises In the last few minutes you are to do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 on page 21. Check your answers against those of your groupmates’‎ Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language ‎(Jokes about Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson)‎ Aims To enjoy reading the paragraph of Jokes about Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson To learn to use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writing Procedures I. Warming up ‎ Warming up by reading school jokes There are lots of jokes in English about school life. Read one to see whether you will laugh or not.‎ Why must we learn this? ‎ One day our professor was discussing a particularly complicated concept. A pre-med student rudely interrupted to ask, "Why do we have to learn this pointless information" "To save lives." the professor responded quickly and continued the lecture. A few minutes later, the same student spoke up again. "So how does physics save lives?" he persisted. "It keeps the ignoramuses like you out of medical school," replied the professor.‎ II. Guided reading ‎1. Reading and underlining Read the paragraph and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in it. Copy them into your notebook after class as homework.‎ Collocations from the paragraph on page 22‎ go camping去野营, in a mountainous area山区, lie in the open air露营, under the stars在星空下, look up at the stars抬头看星星, think of…考虑；思考, try a third time试第三次, in one’s beds在床上 ‎2. Doing the exercise Now you are going to do the exercise 1 on page 22. ‎ III. Guided Speaking Think of funny stories in English and tell them to your group mates.‎ IV. Guided Writing—Learn to write jokes There are two main parts to the structure of a joke. The first part prepares you for the laugh by telling a story which creates a sense of expectation. The second part of the joke, the punch line, provokes laughter by telling an unexpected and different story, yet one which is still compatible with the first, as in this example: "My wife just ran off with my best friend. Boy, do I miss him." and "I had a mud pack facial done, and for three days my face looked much better. Then the mud fell off." Notice the assumption that is made in both these examples. In the first, you assume the person telling the story is angry with his wife, so the punch line surprises you because he's feeling something different and unexpected. Again, in the second example, you'd most likely assume the mud had been removed, leaving the face looking better, so the punch line takes you by surprise. ‎ So, to write jokes you need to practice reading statements and writing down the assumptions you make about them. You must be able to interpret the statement (first story line) in at least two different ways in order to provide the second, different story i.e. the punch line. And what to write about? Anything that interests you. Anything you have strong opinions about. ‎ Now write down your own jokes, in English. ‎ IV. Closing down by acting To end this period, we are going to act the film by Charlie Chaplin, The Great Dictator. ‎