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高考英语专项阅读理解社会生活文化学生
2019高考英语3-2-1专项21阅读理解-社会生活、文化（学生版） 【考点定位】 2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布 社会文化包括经济、政治、文化、科学等各种题材，是高考英语阅读理解的热点题材。 它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，比如礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。一般一篇文章一个主题，以议论文和阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析 考点一、细节事实理解。 一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，表达文章的主旨大意。 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。 此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用以下方式来提问 C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B 【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。 2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。 Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station. “It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile. Q：Which of the following is NOT true? A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 3、数据推算。 If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ . A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时： 1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。 2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。 3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 考点三、推理推断。 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。 此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有： 1.We can infer from the Passage that__________. 2.What can be inferred from the Passage? 3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage? 4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________. 5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________. 6.The writer implies that__________. 7.It can be inferred that__________. 8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________. 9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________. 10.From the text we can conclude that__________. 11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________. 12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage? 13.The author is inclined to think that__________. 14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________. 15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...? 16.In the writer’s opinion,... 近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形，如According to the passage...,It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假如题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假如题干中无线索，如It can be inferred from the passage that...；It can be concluded from the passage that...等，先浏览一下4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文表达。 1.定义法。如: Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。 The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就说明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。 2.同位法。如: They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地说明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 3.对比法。如: She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。 4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如: Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。 5.因果法。如： The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。 【三年高考】10、11 、12高考试题及其解析 2018高考英语试题 文化教育类 [2018·江苏卷] D Franz Kafka wrote that “a_book_must_be_the_ax_(斧子)_for_the_frozen_sea_inside_us. ” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation. We'd just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying？” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am，” I told her, “and the funny thing is I've read it many times. ” Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “it's about being a man, it's about manliness.” I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they're all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes. Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them. 66. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________. A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions 67. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men? A. Because they spent much time reading it. B. Because they had read the novel before. C. Because they came from a public school. D. Because they had similar life experiences. 68. The girl left the selective high school possibly because ________. A. she was a literary minded girl B. her parents were immigrants C. she couldn't fit in with her class D. her father was then in prison 69. To the author's surprise, the students read the novels ________. A. creatively B. passively C. repeatedly D. carelessly 70. The author writes the passage mainly to ________. A. introduce classic works of literature B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart C. argue for equality among high school students D. defend the current testing system In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892. Ms Jex Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice. 59．Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted ________. A．to carry out a research project there B．to set up a medical institute there C．to study medicine there D．to deliver lectures there 60．Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews University ________. A．by pure chance B．in the school office C．with her supporters' help D．while reading history books 61．Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of ________. A．the London School of Medicine for Women B．a degree programme for women C．a system of medical education D．the University of Berne 62. When did St Andrews University begin to take full time women students? A. In 1873. B. In 1874. C. In 1877. D. In 1892. [2018·福建卷] The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays，much of this is missed. While teachers are holidaying in the UK，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning. In setting out its plans for a five term year，Nottingham City Council(委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two week break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning. We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care. 71．The passage is probably written by ________. A. an experienced teacher B．a working parent C．an inspired student D．a city council member 72．The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to “________”． A．environments B．holidays C．wages D．benefits 73．It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to ________. A．2 weeks B．4.5 weeks C．5 weeks D．6 weeks 74．The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students ________. A．obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs B．get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C．benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D．have more school days to receive free school meals 75．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．working parents can enjoy a five week break to care for their children B．the suggested plans for a five term school year can hardly be carried out C．the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time” D．some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution(解决)：stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control. After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy(策略) for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles. Finally, students need to consider what they are bearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these：How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution. There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country. 50. This article is mainly about ________. A. the lives of school children B. the cause of arguments in schools C. how to analyze youth violence D. how to deal with school conflicts 51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________. A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime B. a small conflict can lead to violence C. students tend to lose their temper easily D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight 52. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5? A. To find out who is to blame. B. To get ready to try new things. C. To make clear what the real issue is. D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match. 53. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ________. A. there was a decrease in classroom violence B. there was less student cooperation in the classroom C. more teachers felt better about themselves in schools D. the teacher student relationship greatly improved 54. The writer's purpose for writing this article is to ________. A. complain about problems in school education B. teach students different strategies for school life C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。 [2018·天津卷] A Bicycle Safety Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions. Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen. Equipment Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly. Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly. Lights Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea. Rules of the Road Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go. Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine. If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for： No bicycle registration$25 Bicycle parking banned$30 Blocking path with bicycle$40 Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$35 36．Registration of your bicycle may help you ________. A．find your stolen bicycle B．get your serial number C．receive free repair services D．settle conflicts with walkers 37．According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders? A．Brakes. B．A helmet. C．A headlight. D．A taillight. 38．When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ________. A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks B．cycle at a speed of over 15 mph C．put the walkers' right of way first D．call the police before leaving in case of accident 39．If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined ________. A．$25 B．$30 C．$35 D．$40 40．What is the passage mainly about? A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus. B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus. C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus. D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus. [2018·天津卷] B“I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.” Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued： “It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.” “There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.” There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown. 41．What activity was organized for the school reunion? A．Sightseeing in the park. B．A picnic on the school playground. C．Telling stories about past events. D．Graduates' reports in the old building. 42. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech. B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching. C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities. D. Most people had little interest in the reunion. 43. We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she________. A. kept track of her students' progress B. gave her students advice on their careers C. attended her students' college graduations D. went to her students' wedding ceremonies 44. What was Ms. Yates' belief in teaching teenagers? A. Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements. B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced. C. Hard pushed students are more likely to succeed. D. Students' respect is the best reward for teachers. 45. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates? A. Reliable and devoted. B. Tough and generous. C. Proud but patient. D. Strict but caring. [2018·山东卷] B One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文)showing how it was used. This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire，” 50 miles from Oxford. Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. 61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary ________. A. came out before Minor died B. was edited by an American volunteer C. included the English words invented by Murray D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary 62. How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary? A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray. C. He provided a great number of words and quotations. D. He went to England to work with Murray. 63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford? A. He was shut in an asylum. B. He lived far from Oxford. C. He was busy writing a book. D. He disliked traveling. 64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because ________. A. they both served in the Civil War B. they had a common interest in words C. Minor recovered with the help of Murray D. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor 65. Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor? A. Brave and determined. B. Cautious and friendly. C. Considerate and optimistic. D. Unusual and scholarly. 66. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The history of the English language. B. The friendship between Murray and Minor. C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary. D. Broadmoor Asylum and its patients. [2018·全国卷Ⅱ] C Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman's smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion(困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places(although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile. 49．What does the smile usually mean in the U．S.? A．Love. B．Politeness. C．Joy. D．Thankfulness. 50．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can ________. A．show friendliness to strangers B．be used to hide true feelings C．be used in the wrong places D．show personal habits 51．What should we do before attempting to “read” people? A．Learn about their relations with others. B．Understand their cultural backgrounds. C．Find out about their past experience. D．Figure out what they will do next. 52．What would be the best title for the text? A．Cultural Differences B．Smiles and Relationships C．Facial Expressiveness D．Habits and Emotions [2018·辽宁卷] C If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲学)．Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. [2018·课标全国卷] D Grown ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development. 67．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? A．People remember well what they learned in childhood. B．Children have a better memory than grown ups. C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words. D．Stories for children are easy to remember. 68．The author explains the law of overlearning by________. A．presenting research findings B．setting down general rules C．making a comparison D．using examples 69．According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is ________. A．a result of overlearning B．a special case of cramming C．a skill to deal with math problems D．a basic step towards advanced studies 70．What is the author's opinion on cramming? A．It leads to failure in college exams. B．It's helpful only in a limited way. C．It's possible to result in poor memory. D．It increases students' learning interest. [2018·安徽卷] Bblue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸)． People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应)toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomach aches. Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. 60. Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their ________. A. cultural values B. commercial purposes C. personal experiences D. physical reactions to the color 61. Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button? A. To relax people physically. B. To increase people's appetites. C. To encourage people to make a purchase. D. To cause a person's blood pressure to rise. 62. What color might help lose weight according to the text? A. Red. B. Green. C. Blue. D. Purple. 63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? A. Colors and Human Beings B. The Cultural Meaning of Color C. Colors and Personal Experiences D. The Meaning and Function of Color 社会生活类 [2018·安徽卷] DWhich of the following is true according to the text? A. A hot knife is used to iron the nylon. B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons. C. Kite strings must not be cut in kite fighting competitions. D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory. 69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons? A. It has two strings. B. It is simple in design. C. It has a rainbow pattern. D. It is shaped like a diamond. 70. According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites? A. A large kite. B. Any type of kite. C. A complex structure. D. A kite that impresses others. 71. What is mainly described in the text? A. A kite factory. B. Kite flying lessons. C. Special competitions. D．The kite making process. [2018·重庆卷] There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price. By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits. 72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that________. A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs 73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3? A. They want to show their superiority. B. They find specialty important to meals. C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied. D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality. 74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Understanding. B. Increase. C. Difference. D. Study. 75. The author of the passage argues that ________. A. absolute needs have no limits B. demands for quality are not insatiable C．human desires influence ideas of quality D. relative needs decide most of our spending [2018·天津卷] D You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 51. What does the word “They” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. People and things around you. B. Opportunities and problems. C. Creators and their choices. D. Victims and their sufferings. 52. According to Paragraph 2, creators ________. A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future life C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something new 53. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life. B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives. C. Victims can influence more people than creators. D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional. 54. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________. A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims B. people need family support to deal with challenges in life C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains D. one's experiences determine his attitude toward life 55. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. [2018·四川卷] A On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house. Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are. There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees. Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(枫树)makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees. The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that. The_seasons_change_just_outside_the_door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’(杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake. 41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2? A．The scenes are colorful and changeable. B．There are many windows in the wooden house. C．The views remind us that we are in a wooden house. D．The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color. 42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ________. A．the kids like playing in trees B．the kids are very familiar with trees C．the kids have learned much knowledge D．the kids find trees useful learning tools 43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A．The change of seasons is easily felt. B．The seasons make the scenes change. C．The weather often changes in the forest. D．The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons. 44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? A．To describe the beauty of the scene around the house. B．To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest. C．To show that living in the forest is healthful. D．To share the joy of living in the nature. [2018·上海卷] (C) Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress related disorders. Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight or flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight or flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”)． Scientists have long known that in the fight or flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend or befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. 72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to ________. A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children 73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. 74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress. B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings. 75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. How men and women get over stress B. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stress related disorders [2018·山东卷] C San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars. The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over. One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会). The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge “Nutty Narrows. ” After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60 foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose (消防水带). It cost $1,000. It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching_them_the_ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world. In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the worn out bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge. Peters died in 1984, and a ten foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project. 67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to ________. A. offer squirrels a place to eat nuts B. set up a local landmark C. help improve traffic D. protect squirrels 68. What happened over the coffee break discussion? A. The committee got the Council's blessing. B. The squirrel bridge idea was born. C. A councilwoman named the bridge. D. A squirrel was found dead. 69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably mean in the text? A. Passing them a rope. B. Directing them to store food for winter. C. Teaching them a lesson. D. Showing them how to use the bridge. 70. Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge? A. It was replaced by a longer one. B. It was built from wood and metal. C. It was rebuilt after years of use. D. It was designed by Bill Hutch. 71. What can we learn about Amos Peters? A. He is remembered for his love of animals. B. He donated $1,000 to build the bridge. C. He was a member of the City Council. D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge. 第一节 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最正确选项。 [2018·全国卷Ⅱ] A Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non frozen water. If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them. 41．What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1? A．They are often forgotten by their owners. B．They are used to living outdoors. C．They build their own shelters. D．They like to stay in warm places. 42．Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather? A．To know when to bring them inside. B．To keep them from eating bad food. C．To help them find shelters. D．To keep them company. 43．If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ________. A．run short of clean water B．dig deep holes for fun C．dirty the snow nearby D．get lost in the wild 44．What is the purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To give practical advice. C．To tell an interesting story. D．To present a research result. On the other hand, a growth mind set believes that no talent is entirely heaven sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn't on the line as much, the growth mind set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience. We are all born with growth mind sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck's book, Mind set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure. 57．What does the author think about the present generation? A．They don't do well at school. B．They are often misunderstood. C．They are eager to win in sports. D．They are given too much praise. 58．A fixed mind set person is probably one who ________. A．doesn't want to work hard B．cares a lot about personal safety C．cannot share his ideas with others D．can succeed with the help of teachers 59．What does the growth mind set believe? A．Admitting failure is shameful. B．Talent comes with one's birth. C．Scores should be highly valued. D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable. 60．What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study? A．Encourage them to learn from failures. B．Prevent them from making mistakes. C．Guide them in doing little things. D．Help them grow with praise. “We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances，” Birky says. SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers. The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007, one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys. “He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup，” says Birky. 68. What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for? A. They refused to have volunteers. B. They offered low quality food. C. They provided customers with a good environment. D. They closed down because of poor management. 69. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers instead. B. More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane cleanup. C. Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town. D. The lunch menu has remained the same since the cafe was started. 70. The author's attitude towards running such a cafe is ________. A. unfavorable B. approving C. doubtful D. cautious [2018·江西卷] C Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 7－17)with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend. Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single，with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers.They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed. A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park，cooking，playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self respect，confidence and life direction. Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years. Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2017. Emily is a 10 year old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. ‘I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.’ Emily's mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by ‘providing different feedback (反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self worth.’ Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. ‘I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it's all work and no play.’ Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is! 66. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters? A. To offer students public services. B. To help students improve their grades. C. To organize sport activities for young people. D. To provide partnership and fun for young people. 67. A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least ________. A．24 hours B. 36 hours C. 48 hours D. 72 hours 68. According to Emily's mother, this program may provide Emily with ________. A. advice from her teachers B. a new way to assess herself C. a new way to judge her schoolmates D. more comments from her schoolmates 69. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program? A. She used to be a volunteer. B. She needed a part time job. C. She felt a bit bored with her life. D. She wanted to get a challenging job. 70. According to the passage, ‘vulnerable young people’ are probably those who are ________. A. popular at school B．rather weak physically C．easily hurt emotionally D. confident in themselves [2018·江西卷] D For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel_is_something_to_be_enjoyed,_not_endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow windows of the airplane. The soft lighting, in flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly. Then there is the time spent being ‘processed’ at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being ‘processed’ at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.No wonder, then, that the modern high speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines. Man, however, is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and the limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. Speed controls people's lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thing—or so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master. 71. What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1? A. Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages. B. The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short. C. The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams. D. Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place. 72. How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2? A. By giving instructions. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By following the order of time. D. By giving examples. 73. According to Paragraph 3, passengers are turning back to modern high speed trains because________. A. they pay less for the tickets B. they feel safer during the travel C. they can enjoy higher speed of travel D. they don't have to waste time being ‘processed’ 74. What does the last sentence of the passage mean? A. They could enjoy free and relaxing travel. B. They needed the clock to tell the time. C. They preferred traveling on horseback. D. They could travel with their master. 75. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Air travel benefits people and industries. B. Train travel has some advantages over air travel. C. Great changes have taken place in modern travel. D. The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost. 请认真阅读以下短文， 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最正确选项。 [2018·江苏卷] B Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across America's farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop eating insects. The country's farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastest growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2018 statistics are completed. Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America's farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country. “There couldn't be anything that's more incorrect，” Merrigan said. “We know that there aren't enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.” In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said. “I truly believe we're at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all time record high, and global supplies are at all time record lows，”said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.” The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers' Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers. Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21 year old Best hopes his message—that this is a new time in agriculture—will motivate the next generation to_turn_around_the_statistics. “Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been，” he said. “There's really a place for everybody to fit in.” [2018·湖北卷] A You've just come home, after living abroad for a few years. Since you've been away, has this country changed for the better—or for the worse? If you've just arrived back in the UK after a fortnight's holiday, small changes have probably surprised you—anything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobile phone shop to someone in your street moving house. So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living abroad? What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticed—or now take for granted? To find out, we asked some people who recently returned. Debi: When we left, Cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middle class families—all very conservative(保守的). The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australians, who come here mainly to work in hotels and tourism. There are even several shops only for foreigners. Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, I'd think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because they're more open minded and often work harder than the natives. Christine: As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. But the differences between the place we'd left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed. To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening—in Cyprus, they're very relaxed—and I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal made buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall. Everyone seemed to be on guard. Even the airport car hire firm wanted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers. But anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. I just wish more people would appreciate what they've got. [2018·湖北卷] B When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days. It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We'd take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the train, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn't like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day. The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels. Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet. On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestrut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river? I'm writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me. 55．Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days? A．Having a car ride. B．Taking the train twice. C．Buying more than one toy. D．Touring the historic district. 56．According to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days? A．Building confidence in herself. B．Reducing her use of private cars. C．Developing her sense of direction. D．Giving her knowledge about vehicles. 57．The underlined word “paralyzed”(in Para.5) is closest in meaning to “________”． A．displayed B．justified C．ignored D．ruined 58．Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of? A．Airplane. B．Subway. C．Train. D．Car. [2018·湖北卷] D One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents. 63．The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “________”． A．in a different family environment B．in a different family tradition C．in different family crises D．in different families 64．In terms of language development, later borns ________. A．get their parents' individual guidance B．learn a lot from their elder siblings C．experience a lot of difficulties D．pick up words more quickly 65．What was found about fights among siblings? A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B．Siblings in some families fought frequently. C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights. 66．The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “________”． A．having qualities of parents B．having qualities of women C．having defensive qualities D．having extraordinary qualities 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最正确选项。 [2018·广东卷] A “Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well. “Have a nice day. Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. They_are_spoken_at_me,_not_to_me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else's is the management's attempt to increase business. The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other.Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don't know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I'm terribly sorry, but have a nice day. ” The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you. Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like. 26. How does the author understand Maxie's words? A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the author. B．Maxie really wishes the author a good day. C．Maxie encourages the author to stay happy. D．Maxie really worries about the author's security. 27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The salesgirl is rude. B．The salesgirl is bored. C．The salesgirl cares about me. D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine. 28. By saying “Have a nice day，” a stranger may ________. A．try to be polite to you B．express respect to you C．give his blessing to you D．share his pleasure with you 29. According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day” ________. A．sincerely B．as thanks C．as a habit D．encouragingly 30. What is the best title of the passage? A．Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom B．Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture C．Have a Nice Day — a Heart warming Greeting D．Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation [2018·广东卷] D Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers. An attraction of sport programs for the major U. S. media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoons—the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming. Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance. Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high priced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings. Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. With such viewers, these programs don't need high ratings to stay on the air. 41. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons ________. A．result in more sport events B．get more viewers to play sports C．make more people interested in television D．bring more money to the television networks 42. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs? A．Because there would be few viewers. B．Because the advertisers would be off work. C．Because television programs would go slowly. D．Because viewers would pay less for watching television. 43. In many families, men make decisions on ________. A．holiday trips B．sports viewing C．television shopping D．expensive purchases 44. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because ________. A．their advertisers are carmakers B．their viewers are attracted by sports C．their advertisers target at rich people D．their viewers can afford expensive cars 45. What is the passage mainly about? A．Television ratings are determined by male viewers. B．Rich viewers contribute most to television companies. C．Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television. D．Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events. 阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最正确选项。 [2018·福建卷] A Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales(童话)． The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10,000 with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous(匿名) envelopes, each containing 10,000, then arrived at a kindergarten and a church. 56．The Braunschweiger Zeitung is the name of ________. A．a church B．a bank C．a newspaper D．a magazine 57．Which of the following is TRUE about the donation to Tom? A．The donation amounted to 190, 000. B．The donation was sent directly to his house. C．The money will be used for his education. D．His mother felt astonished at the donation. 58．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．the donator is a rich old man B．the donation will continue to come C．the donation comes from the newspaper D．the donator will soon be found out 59．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Money Is Raised by the Newspaper B．Newspaper Distributes Money to the Needy C．Unknown Hero Spreads Love in Envelopes D．Robin Hood Returns to the City [2018·陕西卷] D Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not. A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey(传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept. Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees(雇员)，because those people represent the companies to their customer. As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open minded, I can't expect all our customers are. There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal. 57．Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2? A．People's appearances carry messages about themselves. B．Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies. C．Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. D．Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace. 58．What can be inferred from the text? A．Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. B．What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. C．Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. D．Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates. 59．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．Employees Matter B．Personal Choices Matter C．Appearances Matter D．Hiring Managers Matter 60．The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as________. A．enthusiastic B．negative C．positive D．sympathetic 2017高考英语试题 （2017·重庆卷）E So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.” Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible（不可信的）”。 A critical （批判的）eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That’s a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly. 72. According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”? A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”. B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet. C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities. D. People who spread comforting news to protect our environment. 73. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg’s books? A. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. B .The book challenges views about the fine state of the wirld. C. The author convinces people to speak comforting worldviews. D. Industry–funded media present confusing information. 74. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to____. A. voice a different opinion B. find fault with Lomborg’s book C. challenge the authority of the media D. point out the value of scientific views. 75. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passenger? A. To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye. B. To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews. C. To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in information. D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media. （2017·安徽卷）C They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. If one falls, the other is there to catch him. They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident, and Corbett, an experienced rock climber. Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2,000-foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes(路线). During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes（尖状物）that guided the ropes and climbed up. Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again. This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days. Wellman’s job was not easy either. He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone. In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5,000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb. However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing. “He knew that was how I got injured.” Wellman said. Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training. Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth. At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet. His quick action probably saved his friend’s life. “Your partner can save your life — you can save your partner’s life,” Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends. “There are real close ties.” 64. Which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in climbing Half Dome? A. To climb up to remove the spikes. B. To climb it twice C. To do 5,000 pull-ups up the rope. D. To lock the rope in place. 65. Why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met? A. Corbett was poorly trained. B. Wellman had lost interest in climbing. C. Corbett didn’t want to hurt Wellman. D. Wellman hadn’t decided whether to climb again. （2017·山东卷）C Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart. “I have two kids in college, and I want to say ‘come home,’ but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs. The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade, “If we go on this way for another 25years, we won’t have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.” Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted. 66. According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail? A. The twins wasted too much money. B. The father was out of work. C. Their saving ran out. D. The family fell apart. 70.According to the last paragraph, the government will . A. provide most students will scholarships B. dismiss some financial aid administrators C. stop the companies from making student loans D. go on providing financial support for college students （2017·江西卷）C The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating form England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs. The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price. Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city. 69. What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph? A. Their number would continue to rise B. Each one would continue to become larger C. People would live and work in the same place D. Each one would contain a certain type of business 70. What could be the best title for the passage? A. City and Countryside B. The Invention of the Garden City C.A New City in Chicago D. A Famous Garden City in England （2017·广东卷）A In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy. From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them. Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed. No more angry shouts and no more horns! When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. 26. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______. A. they offer their help B. they receive others’ help C. they feel others’ kindness D. they show their weakness 27. The author feels sad sometimes because ______. A. he has a soft heart B. he relies much on others C. some people pretend to be kind D. some people fail to see the kindness in others 28. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? A. They speed up to pass. B. They waited with patience. C. They tried their best to help. D. They put on their flashlights too. 29. In this passage, the author advises us to ______. A. handle problems by ourselves B. accept help from others C. admit our weakness D. show our bravery 30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A Wheelchair Experience. B. Weakness and Kindness. C. Weakness and Strength D. A Driving Experience （2017·浙江卷）C In the more and more competitive scrvice industry , it is no longer enough to promise customrr satisfaction. Today , customer “delighi” is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share. It is accepted in the marketing industry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New llenges for customer care have come when peoplecan obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Intemet. For example , many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”—caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. “Many people do not like talking to machines ,”says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School. “Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customet feel they know you and that you can trest— the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.” For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considercd vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times . They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The company has investod heavily in information technology to make sure that infomation is available instantly on scren. British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please”. On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. 50. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that . A. complaining customers are hard to satisfy B. unsatisfied customers receive better service C. Satisfied customers catch more attention D. well-treated customers promote business 51. The writer mentions “phone rage”(Paragraph 3) to show that . A. customers often use phones to express their anger B. people still prefer to buy goods online C. customer care becomes more attention D. customers rely on their phones to obtain services 52. What does the writer recommend to create delight? A. Calling customers regularly B. Giving a “thank you” note. C. Delivering a quicker service D. Promising more gifts. 53. If a manager should show his empathy (Paragraph6), what would he probably say? A.“I know how upset you must be.” B.“I appreciate your understanding.” C. “I’m sorry for the delay.” D.“I know it’s our fault.” 54. Customer delight is important for airlines because . A. their telephone style remains anchanged B. they are more likely to meet with complaints C. the services cost them a lot of money D. the policies can be applied to their staff 55. Which of the following is conveyed in this article? A. Face-to-face service creatcs comfortable feelings among customers. B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market. D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks. 2017年高考英语试题考点分项解析 阅读理解分类汇编之文化教育类 （2017·山东卷）B Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York--he in computers, she in special education. "Teaching means everything to us," Tim would say. In April1998, he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life's purpose. Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Parton' s foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer's home town of Sevier, Tennessee.“I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire," Tim recalls. He placed the brochure on his desk, "as a reminder." Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on advantage of book and postage discounts. The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they went to Dollywood for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children rubbish,” says Linda. The books-reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists and Dollywood board members-included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series. Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “This program introduces us to books I’ve never heard of .” The Richters spend about ＄400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit there and wait to die,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.” 61.What led Tim to think seriously about the meaning of life? A. His health problem. B .His love for teaching. C.The influence of his wife. D .The news from the Web. 62.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagination Library? A.Give out brochures. B .Do something similar. C. Write books for children D. Retire from being a teacher. 63.According to the text, Dollly Parton is . A. a well-known surgeon B. a mother of a four-year-old C. a singer born in Tennessee D .a computer programmer 64.Why did the Richters go to Dollywood? A. To avoid signing up online. B. To meet Dollywood board members. C. To make sure the books were the newest. D. To see if the books were of good quality. 65.What can we learn from Tim’s words in the last paragraph? A. He needs more money to help the children. B. He wonders why some people are so busy. C. He tries to save those waiting to die. D. Hconsiders his efforts worthwhile. （2017·安徽卷）E George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice): “Deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us—of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ” 72. What does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. to be quiet B. to be colorful C. to be full of love D. to be attentive to someone 73. What does Prochnik say about us? A. We are used to quietness B. We have to put up with noise C. We do not think silence to be beneficial D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available 74. Which of the following is true according to Prochnik? A. We need more sounds in our lives B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony 75. It can be inferred from the text that . A. we can benefit a lot from old people B. it is a good idea to use sign language C. there is no escape from the world of sound D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound （2017·全国2卷）D The way we do things round here Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, "Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us." That "quite" saddened me. I thought he was saying "we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else." Then I discovered that in American English "quite" sometimes means "very", while in British English it means "fairly". So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）． Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（气候），while getting on with business. Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）．If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word "late" because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country. 52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought______． A. the American bank didn't think much of him B. the American bank might hire another person C. it's difficult to get used to American culture D. it's easy to misunderstand Americans 53．The word "highlights" in Paragraph 2 probably means_____. A. encourages B. helps to narrow C. increases D. draws attention to 54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences? A. Ask the native people for help. B. Understand and accept them. C. Do things in our own way. D. Do in-depth research. 55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are______. A. Italians B. Germans C. Greeks D. the British （2017·辽宁卷） B Whatever the judgement of cyberschools,they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen. Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer,a printer,books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary. Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honor at their graduation. 59. What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool? A. They have to take long bus rides to school. B. They study at home rather than in classrooms. C. They receive money from traditional public schools. D. They do well in traditional school programs. 60. What is a problem with cyberschools? A. Their equipment costs a lot of money. B. They get little support from the state government. C. It is hard to know students' progress in learning. D. The students find it hard to make friends. 61. Cyberschools are getting popular because . A. they are less expensive for students B. their students can work at their own speed C. their graduates are more successful in society D. they serve students in a wider age range 62. We can infer that the author of the text is .. A. unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools B. excited about the future of cyberschools C. doubtful about the quality of cyberschools D. disappointed at the development of cyberschools （2017·北京卷）C Students and Technology in the Classroom The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas . I want students to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion . I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the educations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create .Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge , they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom . I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change ,I’m sticking to my plan. a few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too give up. 63.some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____ A. the course material B. others’ misuse of technology C. discussion topics D. the author’s class regulator 64.the underlined word “engage ”in para.4 probably means ____ A. explore B. accept C. change D. reject 65.according to the author ,the use of technology in the classroom may ____ A. keep students from doing independent thinking B. encourage students to have in-depth conversations C. help students to better understand complex themes D. affect students’ concentration on course evaluation 66.it can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author ____ A. is quite stubborn B. will give up teaching history C. will change his teaching plan soon D. values technology-free dialogues in his class （2017·四川卷）D “Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churhill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience. Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life. 53.According to the text, James March is ____________. A. a poet who uses experience in his writing B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions 54.According to James March, experience ______________. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain C. should be actively sought 55.What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Experience makes stories more accurate. B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth. C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning. D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described. 56.What’s the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To describe a researcher. C. To explain experiential learning. D. To discuss organizational decision making. 2017高考英语试题 (2017高考英语安徽卷C)American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing. This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities. Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future . Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure：many dying cities are alive again. 64.What does the author think of cities all over the world? A. They are alive. B. They are hopeless. C. They are similar. D. They are different. 65.Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ? A. Because older American cities were dying. B. Because they were richer and needed more space. C. Because cities contained the worst parts of society. D. Because they could hardly afford to live in the city. 66.According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities _______ . A. are faced with housing problems B. are forced to move to the suburbs C. want to sell their buildings D. need more money for daily expenses 67.We can conclude from the text that ___________ . A. American cities are changing for the worse B. people have different views on American cities C. many people are now moving from American cities D. the population is decreasing in older American cities （ 2017高考英语湖南卷C） People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. "We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth." According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 66. The discovery shows that Westerners . A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 67. What were the people asked to do in the study? A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers' faces. 68. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study. C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study. 69. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to . A. do translation more successfully B. study the mouth more frequently C. examine the eyes more attentively D. read facial expressions more correctly 70. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding （ 2017高考英语湖北卷C）They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessories (配饰). Yet these are not girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies. A generation which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age. Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert, said, “Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s. In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter. It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years—now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to. Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly.” Professor Twigg analysed family expenditure (支出)data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same — at 5 or 6 per cent of spending — the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply. The professor said, “Clothes are now 70 per cent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East. In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from, but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere. Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them.” Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by celebrity (名流) style than in previous years. She said, “When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties, they want to follow them. Older women are much more aware of celebrities. There’s also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties. When I started my business a few years ago, my older customers tended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women. My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago.” 59. Professor Twigg found that, compared with the 1960s, _________________. A. the price of clothes has generally fallen by 70% B. the spending on clothes has increased by 5% or 6% C. people spend 30% less than they did on clothes D. the amount of clothes bought has risen by 5% or 6% 60. What can we learn about old women in temps of fashion’? A. They are often ignored by fashion designers. B. They are now more easily influenced by stars. C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion. D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age. 61. It can be concluded that old women tend to wear the latest fashions today mainly because _______________. A. they get tired of things more quickly B. TV shows teach them how to change their look C. they are in much better shape now D. clothes are much cheaper than before 62. Which is the best possible title of the passage? A. Age Is No Barrier for Fashion Fans B. The More Fashionable, the Less Expensive C. Unexpected Changes in Fashion D. Boom of the British Fashion Industry (2017高考英语北京卷)Pacing and Pausing Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara. It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel. The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in--and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up. That's why slight differences in conversational style--tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems---even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training. 64. What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her? A. Betty was talkative. B. Betty was an interrupter. C. Betty did not take her turn. D. Betty paid no attention to Sara. 65. According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns? A. Americans. B. Israelis. C. The British. D. The Finns. 66. We can learn from the passage that __ A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing B. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US C. one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes D. one should receive training to build up one's confidence 67. The underlined word "assertiveness" in the last paragraph probably means __ A. being willing to speak one's mind B. being able to increase one's power C. being ready to make one's own judgment D. being quick to express one's ideas confidently （ 2017高考英语福建卷E）In the United States, there were some well-constructed houses for native Indians, ranging from the simple brush shelter to the five-storied pueblo. In the eastern United States, one of the existing types was that commonly know under the Algonkian name of wigwam in which the Iroquois Indians lived. The wigwams were of wagon-top shape with straight sides and ends, made by bending young trees to form the round shape. Over this shape pieces of tree bark were laid to protect the Indians from bad weather. Over the bark dried grass was added. A small hole allowed smoke to escape from the top. Doorways at each end served also as windows, The Iroquois Indians built trunk walls all around their villages. The wall had only one opening, They could quickly close this opening if their enemies came near. Interestingly, the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi also lived in a wigwam of a most primitive(原始的) construction, but different from those of the Iroquois Indians. The Choctaw Indians’ wigwams, made from mud, cane and straw, were in the form of a bee-hive. The covering was made of a long, tough grass. A post in the centre supported the roof. A hole in the top admitted the light, and allowed the smoke to pass out. The tipi tent-housing of the upper lake and plains area was put up with poles set lightly in the ground, tied together near the top, and covered with bark and grass in the lake country. It was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour. The Pawnee, Mandan and other Indian tribes (部落) along the Missouri built solid ring-shaped structures of trunk, covered with earth and dried grass, housing a dozen families. The Wichita and other tribes of the Texas border built large ring-shaped houses covered with dried grass. Apart from the regular housing, almost every tribe had some style of housing. 72.Which of the following pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians？ 73. According to the passage, the Pawnee Indians built their houses _____. A. with openings in the trunk walls B. large enough for several families C. in a ring shape with bark and mud D. by bending young trees to form the shape 74. All the native Indian houses described in the passage were_____. A. of the same shape B. covered with grass C. built with a post in the centre D. built with doorways at each end 75. The passage suggests that ________ A. all the native Indians built trunk walls all around their houses B. all the native Indian houses were built with poles tied together C. the Iroquois Indians took safety into account while building their wigwams D. the Choctaw Indians in Mississippi built their wigwams with straight sides and ends While matters of money and care won't be settled for weeks, Jane hardly puts her life on hold. Last week the ABC network announced that Jane would return with her own show, Twist of Jane, in which she gives advice to other moms．Jane and her eight children will also return to ABC in a series of Jane Plus 8 specials showing them on various adventures．It’s a rest for Jane．who insists that she needs her new，busy life to provide for her family．“I have to lead such a life．and I’m thankful that I’ve built it to the top where now I can support my children．”she says． And whether a bellicose(好斗的)dance judge or a bellicose former wife，Jane plans to keep 0n facing attacks on her． “Some people try to knock me down—only to make me more fierce，more protective，more determined to do better，”she says．“Go ahead，take me on．This will just make me stronger．” 57. According to Jane in the first paragraph，the low A. can’t take her children away from her B. can’t do anything with the case C. will best settle the problem D. will disturb her children 58. What does “to do that” refer to in the second paragraph? A. To live with John． B．To hire a house for John． C．To allow John to see the children D．To ask John to set up a regular life. 59. What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean? A．Jane’s life is very difficult． B．Jane continues to live as usual． C．Jane almost can’t control her lire D．Jane works very hard to live a happy life． People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”. The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest. Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture. Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer. Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell. 56. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover? A. Places where people lived. B. People’s characters. C. Talents that people possessed. D. People’s occupations. 57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______. A. owned or drove a cart B. made things with metals C. made kitchen tools or contains D. built houses and furniture 58. Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______. A. Beatrice Smith B. Leonard Carter C. George Longstreet D. Donald Greenwood 59. The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _____ A. later generations B. friends and relatives C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors （ 2017高考英语辽宁卷B）I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I’m in London And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, ‘Tin having a dinner party’ means: “I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can’t afford and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.” Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They’ll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to tree the same trick, the hostess will shout: “Where are you going?” And it’s not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know shave nowhere to go. But in London, dinner parties are in people’s homes. Not only that, the guests are interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India. Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York, the mix is less striking It’s like a gathering at Bloomingdale’s, a well-known department store. For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery’s, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club 60. What does the word “shot” in Paragraph j probably mean? A. Choice. B. Try C. Style. D. Goal 61. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York? A. There is a strange mix of people. B. The restaurants are expensive. C. The bill is not fairly shared. D. People have to pay cash 62. What does the author think of the parties in London? A. A bit unusual B. Full of tricks. C. Less costly. D. Move interesting. 63. What is the author’s opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience? A. Easy-going. B. Self-centred. C. Generous. D. Conservative. （2017高考英语辽宁卷C）Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest A. Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV. B. Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest C. TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds. D. The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain 66. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. More time should be spent on computers. B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV. C. IV sets shouldn’t be allowed in children’s bedrooms, D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done 67. What would be the best title for this text? A. Computers or Television B Effects of Television on Children C. Studies on TV and College Education D. Television and Children’s Learning Habits Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning form the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women’s shirts buttoned form the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women’s shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men’s shirts. 64. What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry? A. It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years. B. It is different for men’s clothing and women’s. C. It woks better with men than with women. D. It fails to consider right-handed people. 65. What do we know about the rich men in the 17th century? A. They tended to wear clothes without buttons. B. They were interested in the historical matters. C. They were mostly dressed by servants. D. They drew their swords from the left. 66. Women’s clothes still button from the left today because . A. adopting men’s style is improper for women B. manufacturers should follow standards C. modern women dress themselves D. customs are hard to change 67. The passage is mainly developed by . A. analyzing causes B. making comparisons C. examining differences D. following the time order （ 2017高考英语重庆卷B）Love, success, happiness, family and freedom----how important are these values to you? Here is one interview which explores the fundamental questions in life. Question: Could you introduce yourself first? Answer: My name is Misbah, 27 years old. I was born in a war-torn area. Right now I’m a web designer. Q: What are your great memories? A: My parents used to take us to hunt birds, climb trees, and play in the fields. For me it was like a holiday because we were going to have fun all day long. Those are my great memories. Q: Does your childhood mean a lot to you? A: Yes. As life was very hard, I used to work to help bring money in for the family. I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities beyond my age. However, it taught me to deal with problems all alone. I learnt to be independent. Q: What changes would you like to make in your life? A: If I could change something in my life, I’d change it so that my childhood could have taken place in another area. I would have loved to live with my family in freedom. Who cares whether we have much money, or whether we have a beautiful house? It doesn’t matter as long as I can live with my family and we are safe. Q: How do your get along with your parents? A: My parents supported me until I came of age. I want to give back what I’ve got. That’s our way. But I am working in another city. My only contact with my parents now is through the phone, but I hate using it. It filters(过滤) out your emotion and leaves your voice only. My deepest feelings should be passed through sight, hearing and touch. 60. In Misbah’s childhood, . A. he was free from worry B. he liked living in the countryside C. he was fond of getting close to nature D. he often spent holidays with his family 61. What did Misbah desire most in his childhood? A. A colorful life. B. A beautiful house. C. Peace and freedom. D. Money for his family. 62. How would Misbah prefer to communicate with his parents? A. By chatting on the Internet. B. By calling them sometimes. C. By paying weekly visits. D. By writing them letters. 63. If there were only one question left, what would it most probably be? A. What was your childhood dream? B. What is your biggest achievement? C. What is your parents’ view of you? D. What was your hardest experience in the war? E（ 2017高考英语大纲全国I卷） There were smiling children all the way. Charily they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved. I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics. I looked forward to the return journey. 71. The author expected the train trip to be A. adventurous B. pleasant C. exciting D. dull 72. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip? A. The friendly country people. B. The mountains along the way. C. The crowds of people in the streets. D. The simple lunch served on the train. 73. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word "relish" in the second paragraph? A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on 74. Where was the writer going? A. Johore Baru. B. The Causeway. C. Butterworth. D. Singapore. 75. What can we learn from the story? A. Comfort in traveling by train. B. Pleasure of living in the country. C. Reading gives people delight. D. Smiles brighten people up. （ 2017高考英语大纲全国II卷B） When you're lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses (压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey. stop! This is no vacation - yon have to finish something! Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona. As adventurous as the job sounds, the hard part is fact-checking all the information. Sure, it's great to write about a tourist attraction, but you'd better get the local (当地的) museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone's vacation. 46. Which country does Jarolim have in now? A. Mexico. B. The U.S. C. The U.K D. Canada 47. What is most difficult for Jarolim? A. Working in different places to collect information B. Checking all the facts to be written in the guides. C. Finishing her work as soon as possible. D. Passing a test to write travel guides. 48. What do we know about Jarolim from the text? A. She is successful in her job. B. She finds her life full of stresses. C. She spends half of her time traveling. D. She is especially interested in museums. 49. What would he the best title for the text7 A. Adventures in Travel Writing B. Working as a Food Critic C. Travel Guides on the Market D. Vacationing for a Living （ 2017高考英语大纲全国II卷C） Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the start of the Chinese New year by heading for the ski resorts (滑雪场). Never mind that Beijing's dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class has formed the basis for this new craze(热潮） Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe, In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe. The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up. And. as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others hash in and price wars break out. Beijing now offers some of the cheapest ski training classes in the world, though with most people rather new to the sport, expecting a few more doing the same job. 50. What does this text mainly talk about? A. Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars. B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying one's spare time. C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort. D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing. 51. Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe? A. To visit more ski areas. B. To ski on natural snow. C. For a large collection of ski suits. D. For better services and equipment. 52. The underlined words "leisure industry" in Paragraph 3 refer to - A. transport to ski resorts B. production of family cars C. business of providing spare time enjoyments D part-time work for people living in the suburbs 53. What is the main problem in running a ski resort? A. Difficulty in hiring land. B. Lack of business experience. C. Price wars with other ski resorts, D. Shortage of water and electricity, （ 2017高考英语大纲全国II卷E） How words came into being is unknown. All we assume（推测）is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other. Later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be put together to show those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, are called words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up to our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we tire, the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style（文体）. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears, We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common. 58. We learn from the text that language might have begun with A. expressions B. actions C. signs D. sounds 59.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2? A. The learning of new words. B. The importance of old words C. The relation of human experience with words. D. The gradual change and development of words. 60. In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do? A. Use words skillfully. B. Make musical speeches C. Learn poems by heart. D. Associate with listeners. 【两年模拟】 11、12名校模拟题及其答案 2018名校模拟 【2018丹东市四校协作体摸底】A Where do most writers get their ideas? For Yoshiko Uchida, it all began with Brownie, a five-month-old puppy. So excited was Yoshiko by Brownie’s arrival that she started keeping a journal, writing about all the wonderful things Brownie did and the progress he made. Soon she was writing about other memorable events in her life, too, like the day her family got their first refrigerator. She also began writing stories, thanks to one of her teachers. Yoshiko wrote stories about animal characters such as Jimmy Chipmunk and Willie the Squirrel. She kept on writing, sharing the kitchen table with her mother, who wrote poems on scraps of paper and the backs of envelopes. Yoshiko grew up in the 1930s in Berkeley, California. Her parents, both of whom had been born in Japan, provided a loving and happy home for Yoshiko and her sister. They also provided a stream of visitors to their home who later found their way into Yoshiko’s stories. One visitor who later appeared in several of Yoshiko’s stories was the bad-tempered Mr. Toga, who lived above the church that her family attended. Mr. Toga would scold anyone who displeased him. The children all feared him and loved to tell stories about how mean he was and how his false teeth rattled (咯咯响) when he talked. Yoshiko also included in her stories some of the places she visited and the experiences she had. One of her favorite places was a farm her parents took her to one summer. The owners of the farm, showed Yoshiko and her sister how to pump water from the well and how to gather eggs in the henhouse. They fed the mules that later pulled a wagon loaded with hay while Yoshiko and the others rode in the back, staring up at the stars shining in the night sky. Yoshiko, who lived in the city, had never seen such a sight. As Yoshiko gazed up at the stars, she was filled with hope and excitement about her life. The images of that hayride stayed with her long after the summer visit ended, and she used them in several of her stories. The experiences Yoshiko had and the parade of people who marched through her young life became a part of the world she created in over twenty books for young people, such as The Best Bad Thing and A Jar of Dreams. Because of such books, we can all share just a little bit of the world and the times in which this great writer grew up. 36. The author tells about Mr. Toga’s false teeth in Paragraph 3 in order to ____________. A. show health care was not good enough in Berkeley during the 1930s B. provide an interesting detail in Yoshiko’s life and stories C. show Yoshiko’s young life was difficult and frightening D. tell about a beloved relative who helped Yoshiko learn how to write 38. What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? A. Yoshiko loved to write about parades. B. Yoshiko met many interesting people. C. Yoshiko liked to go for long walks with others. D. Yoshiko preferred to talk to her pets instead of to people. 39. What is the main idea of this story? A. People who live in the city should spend as much time as they can in the country. B. Writers like Yoshiko Uchida must communicate with as many writers as possible. C. Those who move to the United States often miss their homelands for many years. D. Writers like Yoshiko Uchida look to the richness of their lives for material. 【2018丹东市四校协作体摸底】C Today, almost everyone has heard of Harry Potter. The books detailing his experiences at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry have aroused passion, creativity, and interest in reading throughout the world. But have you ever considered why you are a fan of the Harry Potter series? JK Rowling has created a list of characters and an environment for them to inhabit that appeals to both adults and children. The fantasy aspect of the wizarding world expands the imagination, and takes the mind to new and exciting places. Anything could happen there. Her stories contain parts of the believable and unbelievable, changing the predictability that readers commonly come across and bear in fiction. The main theme of the series, including good versus evil, prejudice, love, death, sacrifice, friendship and loyalty, in actuality contributes to the ever-lasting nature of the stories. At the same time, these themes remind us of classic literature, offering mature readers tales that wear like a comfortable pair of shoes, while introducing younger readers to concepts they will meet throughout their lives. Much of the appeal also comes from the characters. In each book, JK Rowling introduces and describes the characters in such a way that we wonder not only about their futures, but also about their pasts. Even supporting characters are suddenly more than just extras in the background. And what of Harry Potter himself? We care about Harry, because we watch him grow from an innocent boy to a powerful wizard. We see him as both Hero and Victim. He experiences endless love and extreme pain, and as readers, we experience them with him. This perfect combination of emotion, suspense and fantasy, together with the fact that JK Rowling is a superb storyteller is the reason why we are Harry potter fans. People are fond of Harry Potter series. With books like these, it’s hard not to be. 46. The themes of the Harry Potter series do not contain ____________. A. prejudice and love B. good and evil C. death and sacrifice D. safety and peace 【2018届北京四中期中】B In Britain and other countries, young people sometimes take a gap year, a year off between high school and college. This idea never gained a big following in America. Recent news reports have suggested that interest may be growing , though there are no official numbers. Charles Deacon, Dean of Admissions at Georgetown University in Washington, DC estimate that in the current first-year class of 1600 students, only about 25 decided to take a year off. He says this number hasn’t changed much over the years. Mr.Deacon says the most common reason for taking a gap year is to have a chance to travel, but he says inernational students may take a gap year to meet requirements at home for military duty. Some high school graduates see a year off as a chance to recover after twelve years of required education, but it can also give students a chance to explore their interests. Students hoping to be doctors, for example, could learn about the profession by volunteering in a hospital. Many colleges and universities support gap-year projects by permitting students to delay their admission. Experts say students can grow emotionally and intellectually as they work at something they enjoy. Holly Bull’s job is to specialize in helping students plan their gap year. She notes that several books have been written about this subject. She says these books along with media attention and the availability of information on the Internet have increased inerest in the idea of a year off, and she points out that many gap-year programs cost far less than a year of college. 60. What is the passage mainly about? A. If you want to go to an American university, take a gap year first. B. More and more American students are choosing to take a year off. C. It is likely that taking a gap year is becoming popular in America. D. Americans hold different opinions towards students taking a gap year. 61. How many reasons for students’ taking a gap year are mentioned in passage? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 62. The esssay “time out or burn out for the next generation” suggests that________. A. every student must take a gap year before applying for a famous university B. some famous universities encouage students to gain more life experiences C. taking a gap year can make students free from life learning D. the stress of studies does harm to the students’ health 63.What can we learn from the passage? A. Charles Deacon doesn’t support the idea of the students’ taking a gap year B. Books and media have contributed to the students’ inerest in school learning C. Parents might disagree with the program, concerned about their children’s future. D. Experts agree taking a year off will benefit the students emotionally and physically. 【2018届北京四中期中】C More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditioanal marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving(兴盛)。As Skolnick notes, Americans are marrying people----relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society. What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife’s previous marriage, or the husband’s, or both. Sometimes these children spend all their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses. Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with full time children from the present marriage and part time children from former marriages. These are stepfathers, stepmothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all the unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! There are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, one thing remains constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married. 64. By calling Americans marrying people the author means that________. A. more of Americans, as compared with Eroupeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger ate. B. Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans C. there are more married couples in USA than in Europe D. Americans are more traditional than Europeans. 65. Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today’s American families? A. A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife. B. Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable. C. Americans prefer to have more kids than before. D. There are no nuclear families any more. 66.Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families_______. A. the functions of marriage remain unchanged B. most Americans prefer a second marriage C. the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage D. marriage is still enjoyed by all Americans. 【2018届四川自贡二诊】B Two years ago, Wendy Hasnip, 47, experienced a brain injury that left her speechless for two weeks. When she finally recovered, she found herself talking with what seemed to be a French accent: "I phoned a friend the other day, and she spent the first ten minutes laughing," Hasnip said at the time. "While I have nothing against the French.” Hasnip suffered from foreign accent syndrome（外国口音综合症), a rare condition in which people find themselves speaking their own language Like someone from a foreign country. The condition usually occurs in people who have experienced a head injury or a stroke（中风）一a sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, or movement caused by a blocked or broken blood vessel（血管）in the brain. The condition was first identified during the Second World War in a Norwegian woman whose head was injured during an attack by the German military. The woman recovered but was left with a German-sounding accent, to the horror of fellow villagers who avoided her after that. Researchers have discovered that the combined effect of the damage to several parts of the brain makes victims lengthen certain syllables, mispronounce sounds, and change，the normal pitch（高音）of their voice. Those changes in speech add up to what sounds like a foreign accent. 46. All of the following are the causes of leading to what sounds like a foreign accent EXCEPT ________. A. a softer voice B. change in length of syllables. C. mispronounced sounds． D. changed pitch of voice 47. If a person suffers foreign accent syndrome________. A. his coworkers will be afraid of him and avoid contacting with him B. he has more chance of suffering stroke again C. he will speak a fluent foreign language like native speakers’ D. his speech only has a few sounds in common with the foreign accent 48. Writing this passage, the writer's main purpose is to_______. A. introduce foreign accent syndrome and some related information B. warn people not to be at the risk of experiencing a stroke C. make it clear that foreign accent syndrome can be cured D. tell a story of an injured woman dining the Second World War 【2018届皖南八校第二次联考】D Teachers using red pens to mark students’ work could harm their psyche as the color is too aggressive, according to the education strategies drafted by an Anstranlian state government. The Good Mental Health Rocks kit, which was distributed to about 30 schools in Queensland state, offers strategies such as “Don’t mark in red pens ---use a different color.” Other tips include structurint time for peer tutoring every day, apologizing to students when necessary and asking students to conduct a “personal skills audit” where they focus on their strengths rather their weaknesses. The kit, designed to help Queensland teachers address mental health problems in the classroom, suggests social and emotional well being has been linked to young people’s schooling, among other things. The education aid has caused some arguments in the government, with deputy opposition leader Mark Mcardle calling it “kooky, loony, loopy lefty policies.” But Health Minister Stephen Robertson, whose department devised the kit, said youth suicide was a serious issue. “ If mental health professionals determine that as one of a number of stragegies teachers should consider, then I’ll support them every day.” He told reporters recently, “This is not a matter for ridicule, this is serious.” According to some Australian mental health groups, the greatest number of people with mental illness are aged between 18 and 24 years, with 14 percent of Australian children and adolescents suffering from some sort of illness. Boys are slightly more likely to experience mental health problems than girls and depression is one of the most common conditions among young people and increase during adolescence, the website of mental health group Mindframe said. 68. The author suggests that________. A. teachers should not mark students’ work in red pens B. teachers should not be so aggressive to their students C. students should be allowed to help their classmates every day D. students should be encouraged to mark their classmates every day 【2018届山西大同学情调研】A It was a village in India．The people were poor．However, they were not unhappy．After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries． Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived．They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs．However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places． This seemed like money for nothing．There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they were no use to the villagers．All they had to do was catch them．Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs．Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money．For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future．But the dream didn't last long． The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well． More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately． The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak．They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides （刹虫剂 ） and medicines．Soon there was no money left． Then the people realized what was happening．It was the frog．They hadn't been useless． They had been doing an important job——eating insects．Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly．They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases． Now, the people are still poor．But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs．These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning． 36．From paragraph1, we learn that the villagers____． A．worked very hard for centuries B．dreamed of having a better life C．were poor but somewhat content D．lived a different life from their forefathers 37．Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs? A．The frogs were easy money B．They needed money to buy medicine C．They wanted to please the visitors D．The frogs made too much noise 38．What might be the cause of the children's sickness? A．The crops didn't do well B．There were too many insects C．The visitors brought in diseases D．The pesticides were overused 39．What can we infer from the last sentence of the text? A．Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country B．Health is more important than money C．The harmony between man and nature is important D．Good old days will never be forgotten 【2018届山东诸城10月月考】C Most American students go to traditional public schools．There are about 88, 000 public schools, all over the US．Some students attend about 3000 independent public schools called charter schools． Charter schools are self-governing．Private companies operate some charter schools．They are similar in some ways to traditional public schools．They receive tax money just as other public schools do．Charter schools must prove to local or state governments that their students are learning．These governments provide the schools with the agreement called a charter that permits them to operate． Charter schools are different because they do not have to obey most laws governing traditional public schools．Local, state, or federal governments cannot tell them what to teach．Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach them．Class size is usually smaller than in traditional public schools． The Bush Administration strongly supports charter schools as a way to re-organize public schools that are failing to educate students．But some education agencies and unions oppose charter schools．One teachers' union has just made public the results of the first national study comparing the progress of students in traditional schools and charter schools． The American Federation of Teachers criticized the government's delay in releasing the results of the study, which is called the National Assessment of Educational Progress．Union education experts say the study shows that charter school students performed worse on math and reading tests than students in regular public schools． Some experts say the study is not a fair look at charter schools because students in those schools have more problems than students in traditional schools．Other education experts say the study results should make charter school officials demand improved student progress． 66．If a private company wants to operate a charter school, it must______． A．try new methods of teaching B．prove its management ability C．obey the local and state laws D．get the government's permission 67．Charter schools are independent because_____． A．they make greater progress B．their class size is smaller C．they enjoy more freedom D．they oppose traditional ways 68．What's the government's attitude toward charter schools? A．Doubtful． B．Supportive． C．Subjective． D．Optimistic． 69．What can we learn from the text? A．More students choose to attend charter schools． B．Charter schools are better than traditional schools． C．Students in charter schools are well educated． D．People have different opinions about charter schools． 70．It can be interred from the text that ___. A．charter schools are part of the public education system B．one-on-one attention should be paid to students C．the number of charter schools will be limited D．charter schools are all privately financed 【2018·江西省白鹭中学第一次月考】B Pushy parents and teachers who “hothouse” the under-5s risk causing damage to the children’s long term development, a leading education expert said. Lilian Katz, Professor of Education at the University of Illinois, said that four-year-olds engaged in reading and writing went on to perform worse academically than those engaged in imaginative learning. They scored higher in tests at the age of 5, but children whose first year at school was stimulating outstripped them four years later. The findings suggest that the government's structured approach to early years' learning could be storing up problems for children. They also raise serious questions about the plan for all children to be able to read by the age of 6. In many countries formal teaching does not start until children are 6 or 7 and have improved their social and manual skills. Children start learning to read and write at 6 in the United States, France and Germany, and at 7 in Finland and Sweden. Professor Katz said that in many schools the courses were "boring children to tears". Much academic teaching required children to learn by memorizing pieces of information out of context, she said. Teaching in reception class should instead allow children to develop their intellect by exploring their environments and asking questions. "Research suggests the benefits of formal academic instruction for four- and five-year-olds seem to be promising when they are tested early, but considerably less so in the long term. When these children are followed over a period of three or more years, those who had early experience in more intellectually engaging curricula were more likely to do well in school than their peers, who had received early academic instruction." She advocates teaching children through first-hand experience and play, in mixed-aged classes. This can include puppet shows, drawing or running a pretend shop in the classroom. 61．According to the passage, those who “hothouse” the under-5s would probably _________. A. prefer a lot of interaction and stimulation while teaching B. teach in a lively way to motivate kids’ interest C. push the kids to memorize pieces of information D. care about the kids’ physical development 62．What does the underlined word “ outstripped” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. did better than B. looked down upon C. caught up with D. performed worse than 63．According to Lilian Katz, the government’s structured approach to early-years learning __. A. is necessary for improving children’s reading and writing ability B. needs to be improved to develop children’s academic ability C. will cause problems to children in their future learning D. has more advantages than disadvantages 64．The message the author wants to deliver through the passage is that formal teaching _____. A. can start at different times in different countries. B. should not be started too early C. is best carried out in Finland and Sweden D. should include teaching children social and manual skills 65．Which of the following is NOT the opinion of Lilian Katz? A. Children should be taught through first-hand experience. B. Learning in a mixed-age class is good for children. C. Running a shop can help children get good marks. D. Puppet shows and drawing are useful in teaching children. 【2018四川德阳高中高三一诊】The singer, Mick Jagger, of the Rolling Stones sings a song that tells people they can’t always get what they want but if we try sometimes we can get what we need. The past years in my life my parents have told me this saying many times. I’ve always complained about the quote(引语). Although over time I have told myself to learn from it. This year my girlfriend flew off to college in West Palm, Florida. This has been a killer for me because I haven’t been able to see her and she is having a rough time in school. The last two months have been hard but we are working through it. I have been trying to get my dad to buy me a plane ticket to go down there. My dad told me if I brought him some money he would help me pay for the ticket. I started to complain to him because I had no way of getting any money to give him. I spent several days and nights thinking of ways to earn money to go see my girlfriend. I finally came to the conclusion that I would get a job and work hard to earn some money to give to my dad. I applied to Safeway and I ended up getting the job. 2．What does the world “killer” underlined in the second paragraph refer to? A．Something that is quite troublesome. B．Something that is very difficult. C．A person who kills purposely. D．A person who treats women very badly. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The author was lazy and unwilling to work hard. B．The author’s father was too mean to give him money. C．The author’s actual action won support from his mother. D．The author was unable to tear himself away from his girl friend. 4．By writing the passage, the author tries to show . A．we can do nothing without money B．fathers are strict while mothers are kind C．it’s hard for parents to bring up their children D．we should try to rely on ourselves for everything 【2018·泰安期末】For high school leavers starting out in the working world，it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习)．In some countries，schools have programs to help students onto the path to work．In the Unites States，however，such programs are still few and far between． Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses，students are likely to get higher earnings in later years．The students are more likely to stay in school，graduate and go on to higher education． In Germany，students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships．German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment． But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world．Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track．Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills． “The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience，they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job，”said Michael，a researcher in the US. 1．In the author’s opinion．American high school leavers__________. A．have enough career-related courses B．need more career advice from their schools C．perform better in exams than German students D．can get higher earnings in later years 2．According to Robert Schwartz，_________． A．there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US B．students should get contact with the working world at high school C．education reform should focus on students’performance in exams D．teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain hi曲at the moment． B. Students with career—based courses never have problems finding a job． C. US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment． D．High school leavers with no practical skills can’t find a job absolutely 4．What’S the main idea of the text? A．Arguments about recent US education reform． B．Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers． C．The lack of career—based courses in US high schools． D．Advice for American high school leavers． 5·The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 6 most probably means___________. A．discouraging B．interesting C．creative D．unbearable 【2018·顺义素质展示】 Does a Tea Break Make You More Efficient? China has been drinking tea since the time of Shennong, 5,000 years ago. Britain’s relationship with tea is much shorter, but tea enjoys pride of place as the UK’s national drink. According to the UK Tea Council, British people drink an average of three cups a day or a national total of 165 million cups every day. With figures like these, it is no surprise that time spent taking tea affects the working day in Britain. A recent survey found that 24 minutes a day are lost to making, buying and drinking tea and coffee. That is, £400 a year is lost in working hours per employee, or 190 days over a lifetime. So, should employers be worried about this lost working time, or does the tea break make up in other ways? One argument is that caffeine improves mental state: a drink of tea or coffee can make you active and focus on work. Professor Rogers of the University of Bristol disagrees. After years of studying caffeine he sees nothing can prove that. “Workers would perform equally well if not drinking it at all,” he says. “But if they’re often drinking it and then go without, they’ll feel tired and won’t work well.” 2. We learn from a recent survey that in Britain _______. A. £400 is lost in working hours for each person B. tea breaks take up 24 minutes in a working day C. people spends 190 days drinking tea and coffee each year D. people drink 165 million cups in working hours every day 3. What’s Psychologist Coopers’ attitude towards tea break? A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain. C. Negative. D. Positive. 【2018·潍坊三县联考】 I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval, he learns to love himself and will be successful in his own way. Several weeks ago，I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair to go over the math lines．I kept asking him to sit down, telling him that he would concentrate better. He sat but seconds later, as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it, he got up again．I was getting frustrated, but then it hit me．I started noticing his answers were much quicker and accurate when he stood up．Could he be more intent while standing up？ This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I was raised to believe that a quiet, calm child was a sure way to success．This child would have the discipline to study hard, get good grades and become someone important in life． Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality traits，and all you can do is loving and accepting them．As parents，throughout their growing years and beyond that, we need to be our kids' best cheerleaders，guiding them and helping them find their way. I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate．Obviously, he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine．We need to learn to accept our kids' ways of doing things．Some way may have worked for me but doesn't mean we need to carry it through generations．There is nothing sweeter than being individual and unique．It makes us free and happy and that's just the way I want my kids to live their own life． 1. At the beginning, the author tried to keep his son seated in order to make him________. A. pay more attention to his study B. keep silent in the room C. finish his homework on time D. get right answers 2. Inspired by the case of his son，the author began to doubt________. A．the importance of parents B．the old form of education C．the relationship between kids and their parents D．the good grades of some kids 【2018·潍坊期末】 “Confidence” is probably one of the most noticeable traits(品质)in the Americans. They show confidence in the way they talk, the way they smile, the way they dress and the way they walk. Living and competing with all these confidence American students, I find it extremely important to be confident as an international student and instructor. As a student, being confident means you should never hesitate to raise your hand whenever a question or a point comes to your mind. Don’t mind if it sounds simple or silly. Otherwise you will never get a chance to speak in class at all. What’s worse, the professors may think you are not prepared for the discussion or you do not have your own opinion on the issue-this is the last comment any graduate would like to receive。 Being confidence for me as a foreign instructor means calmly asking the student to repeat what he or she has said if I did not get it. Pretending to understand what you actually did not may just bring yourself embarrassment or even disgrace. But the time I most need to be confident is when my students come to my office and bargain about the grades I have given for their Speeches。(The course I’m teaching here is Public Speaking). Modesty is a trait highly valued in China, but it won’t be of much help here if you want to survive and succeed in a good American graduate program． 1.To compete with American students it’s very important to . A. be quite confident B. be polite and friendly C. have more discussions with D. understand what they think about 2. A professor will have the worst opinion of a student who . A. gives a silly or simple answer B. tries to seize any chance to speak in class C. shows no interest in the course D. is considered to have no opinion of his own 3. The author is most likely to feel embarrassed if . A. he asks a student to repeat what he has said B. the students bargain with him C. he pretends to know what he doesn’t D. he has to give a speech 4． We learn from the second paragraph that . A. we should also remain modest in America B. modesty doesn’t help modest in America C. American also like modest people D. modesty can help you through an American graduate program 5. The passage is mainly developed by . A. providing examples B. making comparisons C. giving different figures D. telling personal experiences 【2018安徽省皖南高三联合测评】 I learnt about the Pygmalion effect (皮格玛丽翁效应) when I was 7 years old at Riverdale School in Palmerston North and I copied Melissa Crawford’s answers in a spelling test. Before that I was average at school but after that, because Melissa Crawford was smart, and I got all the right answers, I got put in all the smart kids groups. From then I did really well at school because it was believed by the teachers that I would and I also got grouped with the smart kids. This experience that occurred at my primary school shows just how important the Pygmalion effect is in terms of being around mentors (导师) that expect that you' re going to do well and also being around people who are smart. The Pygmalion effect is one principle you want to use if you want to make money fast. Have mentors that expect you will make money fast and as an extra boost hang around, copy and learn from other people who are also making money fast. Yesterday this site had over 5000 unique visitors and the traffic to it is increasing all the time. A year ago I contacted a group of people who got lots of traffic m their sites and I learnt from them. Truthfully I don’t know if they expected me to start getting decent traffic to websites but 1 imagined they did so they might as well have. So there you have it the Pygmalion effect. P. S. My grammar and spelling are not that great nowadays but that's actually completely irrelevant (不相关的) when it comes to getting lots of visitors to your site. 1. When did the author learn about the Pygmalion effect? A . Before he took the spelling test. B. After he cheated in the spelling test. C. When he did badly in exams. D. After he finished primary school. 2. The author got grouped with the smart kids because ______. A. he was an average pupil at school B. he did better than expected C. Melissa Crawford was smart D. he did better than all the others at school 3. What does the underlined word “contacted” mean in the passage? A. lost touch with B. made friends with C. got in touch with D. was concerned about 4. From the passage we can infer that ______. A. the author was busy-meeting visitors every day B. there was lots of traffic in his city C. the author opened a website himself D. the author's grammar was poor at school 【湖南省湘潭市2018届高三二模】 he point is not to drop a comic book on a child's desk and say: "read this:' Rather, the workshops give groups of students the opportunity to collaborate（合著）on often complex stories and characters that they then revise, publish and share with others in their communities. Teachers are finding it easier to teach writing, grammar and punctuation with material that students are fully invested in(投入）．And it turns out that comic books have other built-in advantages. The pairing of visual and written plotlines that they rely on appear to be especially helpful to struggling readers. No one is suggesting that comic books should substitute for traditional books or for standard reading and composition lessons. Teachers who would once have dismissed comics out of hand are learning to exploit(利用）a style that clearly has a powerful hold on young minds. They are using what works. 66. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A. Japanese Comic Books. B. Comic Books in the Classroom. C. Reading Efficiently. D. A Current Craze. 67. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Students' reading materials are often involved with their daily life. B. Comic books can now take the place of textbooks at school. C. Teachers now give away comic books for children to read. D. Children's imagination plays a key role in comic books. 68. The underlined phrase "its" in Paragraph 2 probably refers to______. A. the Comic Book Project's B. an elementary school's C. Queens' D. the country's 69. The main purpose of the Comic Book Project is to＿． A. develop the cooperation among adolescents B. make sure that students live a rich and colorful life after school C. help students who have some difficulty in reading D. popularize a new method of teaching 70. It can be inferred that______. A. comic books were first used in Japanese schools B. parents have different opinions about their children reading comic books C. more and more teachers will realize the advantages of comic books D. comic books will be allowed to enter all the schools in the country 2017名校模拟 1、（浙江省温州市2017年高三第一次适应性测试） When editors considered the possible demand for"Autobiography(自传)of Mark Twain"，they kept their expectations within 7，500 copies. However，the book reached the No.7 on The New York Times’ best-seller list It is a hit across the country.1anding on best-seller lists and going back to press six times，for a total of 275，000 so far. The publisher cannot print copies quickly enough，leaving some bookstores and online retailers(零售商)hopeless without copies just as the holiday shopping season begins. "It’s frustrating，"said Rona，the owner of the BookMark. "In this age of instant books，why does it take so long to reprint it? " Kris，an owner of a bookstore said："It was sold right out. There’s a lasting love affair with Mark Twain，especially around here. Anybody within a stone’s throw of the Mississippi River has a Twain attachment. "Mr. Ingrain said："I’m sure every bookseller in the world is saying.‘I should have been sharper. I should have thought this one through more carefully.’ "Earlier this week，the book was sold out at a handful of bookstores. Some booksellers said they had been told，much to their disappointment，that they would not receive reorders until mid-December or even January. Many booksellers said the book has a holiday-gift quality，which has a unique story behind its publication. Twain ordered that the book be published a century after his death. It is more political than his previous works，being flank，funny，angry and full of memories from his childhood. It’s literary，but not too tough to read. The content，itself，is very readable. It can be easily picked up and read without the worry of continuity(连贯性). "I’ve only had a chance to look at it. but from what I did see，it looked like the kind of book you would never finish，and you would never even think of reading from the beginning to the end. "said Mr. Ingram of Prairie Lights. "It’s the kind of book you would read a little bit every day of your life. "He was a wonderful showman. And he was cool. Let’s face it. That’s part of it. "Mr. Kettmann said. "We feel America’s kind of excited about a literary icon. " said Ms. Dahne. "There’s something very sweet about the fact that people are interested in a 736-page scholarly book about Mark Twain.” (1)We can find this article in a________. A. newspaper B. brochure C. novel D. guidebook (2) "I should have been sharper"here means that booksellers________. A. should raise the price of the book B. were not smart enough to notice the situation C. should print more copies of the book D. were quite clear about the situation (3)"Autobiography of Mark Twain" is a book that________. A. will be easily put down once read B. is hard for us to understand C. is only suitable to be a holiday gift D. should be read in small bites (4)The article intends to tell us________. A. Americans like reading books very much B. Mark Twain’s autobiography is well received C. many booksellers are crazy about Mark Twain D. the business of American bookstores is good 2、（2017年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试） The good news is that James Cameron’s Avatar，his first big film since Titanic，12 years ago，is a good film. The bad news—at least for Cameron—is that his film is not the masterpiece he set out to make. Nobody spends so much money(more than￡214 million)or spends so much time(the project started in 1995)to make just a good film. No，Cameron has intended to make a classic science—fiction epic(史诗) that will take its place along with Star Wars, The Matrix or his own Terminator films， But，amazingly enough，Avatar is so beautiful that it’s almost too rich to take in and appreciate on one viewing. It’s not afraid of social and political comments，educating us in the evils(邪恶)of capitalism while entertaining us with the evils of capitalism. The curious thing about Avatar is that，for all of its advanced technological work，there is something out of date. The idea of humans using other bodies to travel in other worlds was an exciting concept for novelists and film-makers back in the 1990s. "Second Life can be easily found in films of that decade. Avatar’s political idea also seems out of date. Humans destroy things for short-sighted profits，and this has been going on all the time throughout the human history，hasn’t it? Undoubtedly,Cameron unbelievably succeeds in creating an extremely beautiful world that nobody has ever seen. But this wonderful shell of beauty can’t make up Avatar’s lack of heart. In the past，Cameron could always mix big scenes with strong feelings. What’s missing here is the heartbreaking moment. The love story between Jake and Neytiri doesn’t take off the way Jack and Rose did in Titanic. However，despite all these, we will be left with a film that’s no masterpiece. but still well worth seeing. (1)Considering the money and time spent on it. Avatar_________. A. is far from a realty good film B. invites a lot of bad reviews C. costs too much than it deserves D. needs more investment (2)The following films are made by Cameron EXCEPT____________. A. Avatar B. The Matrix C. Terminator D. Titanic (3)Whal’s the disadvantage of Avatar according to the passage? A. It entertains people without educating them. B. It doesn’t expose evils of capitalism. C. It lacks the heartbreaking moment. D. It creates a world that doesn’t exist at all. (4)According to the article，the author thinks that_______________. A. Avatar is still the best of Cameron’s works B. Avatar is fearless when expressing its ideas C. good films should have big beautiful scenes D. Avatar provides new ideas about love and life (5)What does the writer think of the film Avatar? A. It’s a masterpiece he has seen since Titanic. B. It’s a classic science-fiction epic 1ike Star Wars. C. It’s a wonderful film with strong feelings. D. It’s a good science-fiction film worth seeing. 3、（2017年广州市高三年级调研考试） Heading off to college this year? Here are some fashion tips from our experts you should keep in mind: Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says, "Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and our classmates will become your professional network. You don’t need to dress like you’re going to the office, but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence, and look put-together. " Logo mania （品牌狂热症）: Wearing the logos of brands aimed at younger customers physically identifies you as part of that age group, so consider the targeted age group of the stores you shop at. It’s tempting to load up on logos, especially well-known logos that signify high-end brands. But consider this: college is a time of self-discovery, a chance to develop your own personal style. Instead of wearing logos head to toe, "walking advertisement" -style, why not express who you really are? Wear real pants: The combination of leggings and baggy shirts is all too common on college campuses. Smith points out that leggings, yoga pants, and sweatpants are entirely unacceptable in public unless you’re exercising. Although leggings worn as pants are a common trend among high school and college girls, they are not an appropriate choice for daywear. As a young woman, your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level. So, get rid of leggings and wear real pants! Keep the cute factor to a minimum: Stay away from sweaters and T-shirts with smiling animals, cartoon characters, or Hello Kitty on them. Sure, kittens might be cute, but they’re not doing you any favors in the style department. Dressing too cutesy can take years off your look, and not necessarily in a good way! (1)The second paragraph indicates the importance of ____. A．impressing professors B．getting on well with classmates. C．creating a professional image D．dressing, appropriately (2)The author believes that college girls should ____. A．choose a logo, that suits their age B．try to load up on well-known logos C．use logos to show who they are D．find their identity by trying different logos (3)The author recommends wearing real pants because _____. A．leggings and baggy shirts are too common B．yoga pants and sweatpants are not so comfortable C．real pants can present you with appropriate maturity D．people like real pants better than the other pants (4)What’s the writer’s attitude towards sweaters with animals on them? A．They make people look lovely. B．They are very fashionable these days. C．They will show you’re an animal lover. D．They are not suitable for college-aged students. (5)In which magazine would you most likely find this passage? A．Business Week. B．Parents. C．Style. D．Travel & Leisure. 4、（南昌市2017年高三年级第一次模拟考试） I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on "two-hour business plans". I separated them into six groups and gave them an example：a restaurant chain. The more original their idea, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering(提供饮食及服务)service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult , I expressed my disappointment. With this problem in mind，partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there’s the" thousand-talent scheme": this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign-trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries about China’s research environment. It’s hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this. At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnerships with top Western universities. Nor is ii about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It’s about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It’s not that simple. (1)Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation? A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet. B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy. C. Case study debates were written up as well as recited. D. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem. (2)The underlined word" scheme" in the fourth paragraph means____________. A. timetable B. theme C. project D. policy (3)We can infer from the passage that________________. A. China can make and sell any product all over the world B. high pay may not solve the problem of China’s research environment C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand D. the new government program is aimed at encouraging imagination (4)Which is the best title of the passage? A. Look for a New Way of Learning B. Reward Creative Thinking C. How to Become a Creator D. Establish a Technical Environment 5、（哈师大附中 东北师大附中 辽宁省实验中学2017年高三第一次联合模拟考试） BEIJING—Alarmed by the overreaching ambitions of many Chinese provinces to grow at all costs,China’s top economic chief is calling on officials to calm down and spare a thought for the environment. Zhang Ping, who heads China’s National Development and Reform Commission, the central economic planning agency, said only five or six of China’s 30 provinces are targeting annual economic growth of 8 percent or 9 percent. Zhang said Beijing has asked local governments to take into account the supply of "energy, environment, water and land" to set more reasonable growth targets. (1)Which of the following statements is True according to the passage? A. The supply of the coal in China is not sufficient for the next five years. B. Zhang Ping is an expert and economic chief from www.sina. corn. C. Few Chinese provinces are aiming for economic growth rates of less than 10％. D. Many Chinese provinces are alarmed by Beijing. (2)The underlined phrase "taken a toll on" in the sixth paragraph means"______________". A. improved B. done damage to C. restored D. attached importance to (3)The general idea of the whole passage can be that_______________. A. China’s economy is increasing at a fast speed B. China’s top chief lays more emphasis on the environment C. economic high growth should go hand in hand with environmental concern D. all Chinese provinces should slow down their economic growth rates (4)What could be the best title for the news? A. Economic Development B. Energy Supply C. Environment D. Sustainable Development 6、（浙江省温州市2017年高三第一次适应性测试） More Chinese are seeking out the surgeon’s knife to improve their 100ks.Yet the tragic death of the former Super Girl Wang Bei has made people aware of the risks of cosmetic surgery(整容手术)，which is becoming increasingly popular. Wang Bei，24，is said to have gone under the knife in Wuhan，to jump-start her stage-show career. It seems that the ambitious singer has finally achieved the fame and influence after her death. For years Miss Lu expected a plastic surgery to make her jaw fashionable narrow and her face smaller. She finally decided against it after hearing of the death of Wang Bei. "Wang Bei’s death rang the warning bell for me，"Miss Lu said in her blog." It was frightening and I gave up the plan. " A common thread of online discussion is why someone considered beautiful was so dissatisfied with her looks. Some netizens(民)said Wang was a victim of society’s impractical standard of beauty：double eyelids，and the pointed chin typical of Western actresses. Others said her death indicated the limits to which people would go to achieve fame and fortune. Advice from a surgeon and psychologist： 1.Choose regular，qualified hospitals with a good reputation. 2.Try to find an expert surgeon who will not suggest several operations over time. 3.Don’t expect too much from changing your appearance. Safety should be the first. 4.Have a realistic understanding of the risks of the surgery (death，injury and failure)and make a balanced decision. (1)What’s the influence of Wang Bei’s death on the public? A. People will feel alarmed at cosmetic surgery. B. Young people will have no interest in beauty. C. Doctors will be afraid to perform operations. D. No one will dream of becoming a Super Girl. (2)It is mentioned in the passage that________. A. Miss Lu’s face is narrow and small B. Wang Bei is a victim of the Internet C. all Westerners have the pointed chin D. the US ranks first in cosmetic surgery (3)What’s the main idea of the 5th paragraph? A. People are living 1onger and better nowadays. B. People are living in a highly competitive society. C. Social competition leads females to seek beauty. D. Cosmetic surgery is the key to wealth and love. (4)According to a surgeon and psychologist,it is better to________. A. change your appearance sooner B. make a reasonable decision C. do several operations over time D. try some different hospitals 7、（济南市2017届高三教学质量调研） "Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move. "said David Belle,the co-founder of parkour(跑酷). Do you love running? It is a good exercise,yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps and ground rolls? Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide. Another philosophy we’ve learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself that you earn energy and confidence. (1).Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of_________________. A. its co-founder. David Belle B. the film, Casino Royale C. its risks and tricks D. the varieties of participants (2)The underlined word "obstacles" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to"_________". A. streets B. objects C. barriers D. roofs (3)Which of the following is true of parkour? A. It challenges human abilities. B. It is a good but boring sport. C. It needs special training. D. It is a team sport (4)As its participants move around a city,_______________. A. they can ask for help B. they may choose to escape C. they should run to extremes D. they must learn to survive (5).Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour? A. Sports and extremes. B. Excitement and popularity. C. Dreams and success. D. Determination and freedom. 8、（济南市2017届高三教学质量调研） The website "FarmersOnly. com" calls itself an online dating and friendship finder. The idea started in the mind of a man, Jerry Miller in Ohio. He wondered how farmers could meet new people who understand the life of a farmer. Jerry Miller is not a farmer but he represents a lot of farmers. Some farmers have also found love through a group,Singles in Agriculture,which was formed as a nonprofit organization in 1986.It organizes gatherings that usually end with a dance, but is not a dating service. The purpose is to support educational and social activities that offer people a chance for friendship. Its website,"singlesinag.org",says there are more than l,000 members across the nation and as far away as France. A. help farmers B. support traditions C. understand farmers D. represent farmers (2)What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 indicate? A. She dislikes city lifestyle. B. She prefers late night coffee. C. Country life isn’t well understood. D. It’s tiring to get up early. (3)Which of the following is true of"singlesinag.org"? A. Its services are free. B. It provides dating services. C. Only farmers call become its members. D. Farmers in France can’t benefit from it. (4)The author of the text intends to_________________. A. advertise for the two websites B. introduce two websites C. encourage social activities D. urge readers to help farmers (5)It can be inferred from the text that______________________. A. all farmers desire marriage B. farmers are easy to meet new people C. more farmers get divorced in the USA D. the Internet helps improve farmers’ social life A survey in Lian’s another book published this year, Ant TribeⅡ，found nearly 30 percent of "ants" are graduates of famous universities—almost three times last year’s percentage. Most had degrees in popular majors. In addition，7.2 percent of "ants" have at least a master’s degree compared to 1.6 percent in 2017. An "ant’s"average monthly salary is l，904 yuan，with about 64 percent of them earning less than 2，000 yuan a month. Another survey in the 2017 Annual Report on the Development of Chinese Talent found more than 1 million "ants" live in big cities. "Most ants are from rural families or small towns，and their experiences in universities didn’t arm them well enough to fight with competitors in big cities’employment markets. " Professor Zhang Ming at Renmin University of China said. The " ant tribe’s" embarrassing living situations have become a serious social problem，and the government should develop smaller cities to attract more graduates from big cities，Zhang believed. However，"ants" expect more study and training opportunities in big cities，which keeps them positive despite their situations. (1)Yang’s story is introduced in order to______. A. analyze graduates’ difficulties in finding jobs B. lead to the topic of the article—"ant tribe" C. tell readers a story about those big cities D. show a clever way of dealing with pressure (2)The"ants"fail to find high-paying jobs mainly because______________. A. they have no diplomas from good universities B. their majors do not meet the needs of society C. those from rural areas are not treated equally D. they do not have necessary professional skills (3)"Ant tribe "members are similar to ants in the following aspects EXCEPT that______. A. they live in narrow and small places in groups B. they work hard but earn little for survival C. they are in a world judged by the jungle law D. they are pleased with being nameless and underpaid (4).Professor Zhang thought "ants" problems could be solved by__________. A. creating more jobs for graduates in big cities B. developing smaller cities to attract graduates C. sending graduates to rural areas and small towns D. training graduates to improve their ability (5)By writing this article，the author mainly intends to show __________. A. despite better education. "ants" are still struggling B. despite difficulties，"ants" have a promising future C. better education，better job opportunities D. Ant Tribe is a good book to help understand today’s China 10、（2017年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考） Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decisionmaking styles are significantly different in different cultures. In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the" I to you" approach while Japan, the "you to you" approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation(冲突)situation, which the Westerners are very skillful in dealing with. The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view. Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的)attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony. Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management and often does not consult middle management or the workers. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on "bottom-up direction", ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision. Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through. and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a "you to you" approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese is thorough in their meetings. Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses. But where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction. On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonders at the slow pace in which the Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese is eager to move forward and the Westerners, perhaps, lag(落后于)behind as they take the time for in-depth planning. (1)A Japanese business bases its decision________________. A. on top-down direction B. on nothing but its workers’ views C. on bottom-up direction D. only on its top leaders’ opinions (2)The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world_________. A. face great difficulty in making decisions B. are different in decision making styles C. have all members contribute to a decision D. have two approaches："I to you" and" you to I" (3)Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners? A. They carry out the decision once it is made. B. There are many meetings in their businesses. C. They work to achieve harmony in doing business. D. They are good at handling confrontation situation. (4)The author’s attitude towards Japanese decision-making is_________. A. positive B. critical C. negative D. casual 【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 【原创】 A third of primary schoolchildren in China are suffering from psychological ill-health as a result of classroom stress and parental pressure, according to a study published on Tuesday. The problem is so bad that urgent measures are needed, warns the study, led by British and Chinese researchers. The investigation surveyed 2,191 pupils aged nine to 12 in nine schools in urban and rural Zhejiang, a relatively prosperous coastal province in eastern China. Eighty-one percent of the youngsters said they worried "a lot" about exams, 63 percent feared being punished by their teacher, 44 percent had been physically bullied at least sometimes – with boys likelier to be victims than girls – and 73 percent had been physically punished by their parents. Most of the children complained they struggled to cope with the amount of homework they were assigned. Over one-third reported headaches or abdominal pains – psychosomatic symptoms of stress – at least once a week. The most stressed children reported incidence of aches or pains of four times a week. The investigation, led by Therese Hesketh, a professor at University College London (UCL) Centre for International Health and Development, pointed the finger at extreme competitiveness in China's education system, from the onset of primary school. “The competitive and punitive educational environment leads to high levels of stress and psychosomatic symptoms," the authors say. “Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children in schools should be introduced urgently." The paper appears in Archives of Disease in Childhood, a peer-reviewed journal of the British Medical Association (BMA). The "urban" setting for the study was Hangzhou, the provincial capital of Zhejiang, while the "rural" setting was a poor county in Quzhou prefecture, in the west of the province. The study highlights some of the complexities that, it says, explain the demands for academic excellence and intolerance of failure. One factor is the country's dramatic rise in prosperity, which has created "previously unheard-off possibilities for upward mobility" and in turn stoked pressures on children to do well at school. 46. What mainly caused schoolchildren to suffer from psychological ill-health? A. Competitiveness in education system B. Classroom stress and parental pressure C. Physical punishment from their parents D. Endless homework from school teachers 47. The underlined part “cope with” in Para.5 most probably means ______. A. to fit in B. to adapt to C. to deal with D. to get along with 48. From Paragraph 4, we know what the schoolchildren worry most is _______. A. bullying behavior at school B. many examinations at school C. physical punishment by parents D. physical punishment by teachers 49. What can we infer from the passage? A. More and more schoolchildren will drop out of school soon B. Homework and examinations will be cancelled at all schools C. Parents and teachers will give up educating the schoolchildren D. Too much stress does great harm to schoolchildren physically and mentally 50. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Children in China sickened by school pressure B. Measures to reduce unnecessary stress on children C. The investigation, led by University College London D. Extreme competitiveness in China’s education system (文章来源上，题目原创) There's no need to say it, but there are really more than a few benefits to educational tours. From the word itself, an educational tour is something done to gain knowledge while traveling and touring to some place. It creates opportunities for people to think out of the box and see things and places that aren't usually seen in their normal environment. Educational trips aren't always those that cover far distances. As already said, it is done to gain knowledge and you wouldn't need to go very far to have it. Sometimes, an educational trip could be in your hometown. There are millions of people who want to travel, and an educational tour is the perfect time to do so. Traveling opens new doors and opportunities; it always makes you want to learn more. Cultures are many and widely different, and it is a very valuable talent to understand the people of different cultures. Traveling with groups of other students is safer than traveling alone, and bulk travels like those could also be helpful on the budget. Group of friends could stay at one place and get discounts on the place that you wouldn't get if you are traveling alone. Traveling is fun and more budget-friendly when with other people on an educational tour. Travel abroad for a month. Try and see if you wouldn't miss your own country. Traveling would let you see your own country in a different way. The benefits of an educational tour are all important, but this one creates patriotism in a person. A school isn't a place where they teach you to find the answers; it is a place where one teaches you to find the questions and learn the answers for yourself. Educational tours are valuable this way. They teach you that you are not the only one seeking for questions and that there are other people who are willing to help you on your way too. 46. What's educational tours according to the passage? A. Something done to gain knowledge while traveling. B. Something done to know more about one's own country while traveling. C. Something done to know more about a foreign country while traveling. D. Something done to seek for more friends while traveling. 47. What are on the top lists of the places to go to in an educational tour? A. schools and churches B. government buildings C. places of amusement D. Historical places and museums 48. Which statement is correct according to the passage? A. Educational trips always cover long distances. B. When on educational trips, you seldom have the chance to talk with other people. C. Educational trips are always too short to learn knowledge. D. Learning the culture first is a must before you go on educational trips 49. If you want to go on a cheap and safe educational trip, you'd better_____? A. go with groups of other students B. avoid the top spots C. book one in advance D. learn the culture first 46. What does the word "patriotism" in the eighth paragraph mean? A. 同情 B. 爱国心 C. 羞耻心 D. 虚荣心 In the future,more and more only children will likely face similar choices.With working mothers increasing,many families are finding they simply don’t have the time,money or energy to have more than one child.As only children become common,perhaps the world will realize that the charge made against them is unjust. 1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude towards only children is___________. A.ironic B.objective C.unfriendly D.unjust 2.It can be inferred from the passage that only children’s parents should___________. A.found a support group for their only children B.do volunteer work to help their only children C.let their only children make all the decisions alone D.set good examples for their only children 3.Emerson decided to move his elderly mother to a new house because he___________. A.is the only one who cares about her B.doesn’t want to leave her alone C.wants to share the responsibility with her D.is worried about her safety 4.It is quite usual now for a working mother to___________. A.spend all her time and money on her only child B.be responsible for bringing up her only child C.have and bring up only one child D.devote all her energy to her job 5.The main idea of the passage is that___________. A.only children are ruined and irresponsible B.only children have to face many challenges C.most only children want to have brothers and sisters D.most only children share their responsibility with their parents 3 Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring.Not very long ago，people’s lives were constantly in danger.They had to go out and hunt for food; diseases could not easily be cured; and life was continuous battle for survival(生存). Nowadays，according to many people，life offers little excitement.They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill.The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. 1.A best title for the text is___________. A.Dangerous Sports：What and Why B.The Boredom of Modern Life C.Bungee Jumping：Is It Really Dangerous? D.The Need for Excitement 2.More and more people today___________. A.are trying activities such as bungee jumping B.are climbing the highest mountains C.are coming close to death in sports D.are looking for adventures such as traveling into unknown places 3.In bungee jumping，you___________. A.jump as high as you can B.slide down a rope to the ground C.attach (系) yourself to a rope and fall to the ground D.fall towards the ground without a rope 4.People probably take part in dangerous sports nowadays because___________. A.they have a lot of free time B.they can go to hospital if they are injured C.their life is short of excitement D.they no longer need to hunt for food 5.The writer of the text has a___________ attitude towards dangerous sports. A.positive (肯定的) B.negative (否定的) C.neutral (中立的) D.nervous (神经质的) 【考点预测】 2018高考预测 专家整合、改编而成。文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。 预测二 文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。地区的试卷看齐，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。 预测三 题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词用信息，提高阅读速度。 【母题特供】每个专题5道最典型试题 Pacing and Pausing Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara. It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel. The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in--and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up. 65. According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns? A. Americans. B. Israelis. C. The British. D. The Finns. 66. We can learn from the passage that __ A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing B. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US C. one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes D. one should receive training to build up one's confidence 67. The underlined word "assertiveness" in the last paragraph probably means __ A. being willing to speak one's mind B. being able to increase one's power C. being ready to make one's own judgment D. being quick to express one's ideas confidently Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean? People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones. Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”. The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest. Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans. The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture. Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer. Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell. 56. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover? A. Places where people lived. B. People’s characters. C. Talents that people possessed. D. People’s occupations. 57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______. A. owned or drove a cart B. made things with metals C. made kitchen tools or contains D. built houses and furniture 58. Suppose and English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______. A. Beatrice Smith B. Leonard Carter C. George Longstreet D. Donald Greenwood 59. The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _____ A. later generations B. friends and relatives C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors Equipped only with a part of binoculars(双筒望远镜) and ready to spend long hours waiting in all weathers for a precious glance of a rare bullfinch(红腹灰雀).Britain’s birdwatchers had long been supposed to be lovers of a minority sport.But new figures show birdwatching is fast becoming a popular pastime,with almost three million of us absorbed in out fluttering feathered friends. Devoted birdwatchers,those prepared to travel thousands of miles for a sighting of a rare Siberian bird are fast being joined by a new breed of follower whose interest is satiated by watching a few finches(雀科鸣鸟) on a Sunday walk or putting up a bird-box in the back garden. Birdwatchers networking system first came to the attention of the nation in 1989,when a birdwatcher caught sight of the first Vermivora chrysopterin—a golden-winged songbird from North America—to be seen in Britain.He put a message out on the network service 79.The passage mainly tells us about __________in UK. A.the history of birdwatching B.a growing passion for birdwatching C.the impact of media on birdwatching D.birdwatching as a popular expensive sport查看更多