【英语】2018届人教版必修五一轮复习：Unit1Greatscientists教案设计（16页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修五一轮复习：Unit1Greatscientists教案设计（16页）

Unit 1 Great scientists教案设计 Teaching aims 1. To help students learn to describe people 2. To help students learn to read a narration about John Snow 3. To help students better understand “Great scientists”‎ 4. To help students learn to use some important words and expressions 5. To help students identify examples of “The Past Participle (1) as the Predicative & the attribute”‎ Period 1 Warming up and reading Teaching Procedures I. Warming up ‎ Step I Lead in Talk about scientist.‎ T: Hi, morning, class. Nice to see you on this special day, the day when you become a senior two grader. I am happy to be with you helping you with your English. Today we are to read about a certain scientist. But first let’s define the word “scientist”. What is a scientist?‎ A scientist is a person who works in science, trying to understand how the universe or other things work.‎ Scientists can work in different areas of science. Here are some examples: Those that study physics are physicists. Those that study chemistry are chemists. Those that study biology are biologists.‎ Step II ‎ Ask the students to try the quiz and find out who knows the most.‎ T: There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? What kind of role do they play in the field of science? Do t hese achievements have anything in common? Match the inventions with their inventors below before you answer all these questions. ‎ ‎1. Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC), a mathematician.‎ ‎2. Charles Darwin, Britain (1808-1882). The name of the book is Origin of Species.‎ ‎3. Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729), an inventor of steam engine.‎ ‎4. Gregor Mendel, Czech, a botanist and geneticist.‎ ‎5. Marie Curie, Polish and French, a chemist and physicist.‎ ‎6. Thomas Edison, American, an inventor.‎ ‎7. Leonardo da Vinci, Italian, an artist.‎ ‎8. Sir Humphry Davy, British, an inventor and chemist.‎ ‎9. Zhang Heng, ancient China, an inventor.‎ ‎10. Stepper Hawking, British, a physicist.‎ II. Pre-reading ‎ Step I Get the students to discuss the questions on page 1 with their partners. Then ask the students to report their work. Encourage the students to express their different opinions. ‎ 1. What do you know about infectious diseases?‎ Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious disease, so may animals, such as bird flu，AIDS, SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure. ‎ 2. What do you know about cholera?‎ Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It infects people’s intestines(肠), causing diarrhea and leg cramps (抽筋).‎ The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated(污染) with the bacteria. ‎ Cholera can be mild(不严重的) or even without immediate symptoms(症状), but a severe case can lead to death without immediately treatment.‎ ‎3. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?‎ Anybody might come out with a new idea. But how do we prove it in scientific research?‎ ‎ There are seven stages in examining a new idea in scientific research. And they can be put in the following order. What order would you put the seven in? Just guess.‎ Find a problem→ Make up a question→ Think of a method→ Collect results→ ‎ Analyse the results→ Draw a conclusion→ Repeat if necessary III. Reading Step I Pre-reading 1. Do you know John Snow?‎ John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.‎ 2. Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?‎ It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.‎ Let’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage: ‎ Step II Skimming ‎ Read the passage and answer the questions.‎ 1. Who defeats “King Cholera“? (John Snow)‎ 2. What happened in 1854? (Cholera outbreak hit London.)‎ 3. How many people died in 10 days? (500)‎ 4. Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street? ‎ ‎(These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.)‎ ‎ (Optional)‎ Skim the passage and find the information to complete the form below.‎ Who When What How Result John Snow ‎1854‎ helping ordinary people exposed to cholera Examining the source of all water supplies and finding new methods of dealing with polluted waster ‎“King Cholera” defeated Step III Scanning Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.‎ ‎ 2 John Snow began to test two theories.‎ ‎ 1 An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.‎ ‎ 4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map.‎ ‎ 7 He announced that the water carried the disease.‎ ‎ 3 John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.‎ ‎ 8 King Cholera was defeated.‎ ‎ 5 He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.‎ ‎ 6 He had the handle removed from the water pump.‎ Step IV Main idea and correct stage Read the passage and put the correct stages into the reading about research into a disease.‎ John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”‎ Paragraph Stages General ideas ‎1‎ Find a problem:‎ What cause the cholera?‎ The causes of cholera ‎2‎ Make up a question:‎ Which is right?‎ The correct or possible theory ‎3‎ Think of a method:‎ Test two theory Collect data on where people were ill and died and where they got their water ‎4‎ Collect results:‎ Mark the death Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die ‎5‎ Analyze the results:‎ Find the resource of the water Look into the water to see if that is the cause of the illness ‎6‎ Find supporting evidence Find other evidences to confirm his conclusion ‎7‎ Draw a conclusion The polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London cholera ‎ ‎ Step V Group discussion Answer the questions (Finish exercise 2 on Page 3)‎ ‎1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.)‎ ‎2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?‎ ‎ (No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.)‎ ‎3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?‎ ‎ (Two diseases, which are similar today, are SARS and AIDS because they are both serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.‎ ‎)‎ Step VI Using the stages for scientific research and write a summary.‎ Period 2&3 Language focus Step I Warming up 1. characteristic ‎ ① ‎ n. a quality or feature of sth. or someone that is typical of them and easy to recongnize.特征；特性 ‎ ‎ What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians.‎ ‎② a. very typical of a particular thing or of someone’s characer 典型性的，‎ ‎ Such bluntness is characteristic of him.‎ Windy days are characteristic of March. ‎ ‎[辨析]characteristic与character ‎ characteristic是可数名词，意为“与众不同的特征“‎ character表示（个人、集体、民族特有的）“性格、品质”，还意为“人物；文字”‎ What you know about him isn’t his real character.‎ ‎2. put forward: to state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for other people to ‎ consider提出 ‎ ‎ He put forward a new theory.‎ The foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.‎ An interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been put forward.‎ ‎☆ put on穿上;戴上;增加 put out熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up with…忍受 put down写下来;放下； put off 耽误; 延期 put up建立; 建造, ‎ put up举起，搭建，粘贴 ‎3. analyze: to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand it vt.分析结果、检讨、细察 ‎ A computer analyses the photographs sent by the satellite.‎ The earthquake expert tried to analyze the cause of the earthquake occurred on May 12,2008.‎ ‎ Let’s analyze the problem and see what went wrong.‎ ‎ He analyzed the food and found that it contained poison.‎ ‎ We must try to analyze the causes of the strike.‎ ‎☆ analysis n.分析，解析，分解 ‎4. conclude: decide that sth. is true after considering al the information you have 得出结论；推论出 to end sth. such as a meeting or speech by doing or saying one final thing vt. & vi结束，终止； ‎ ‎ We concluded the meeting at 8 o’clock with a prayer.‎ ‎ From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a heavy smoker.‎ ‎ What do you conclude from these facts?‎ ‎ We conclude to go out / that we would go out.‎ conclusion n.结论 ‎ arrive at a conclusion; come to a conclusion; draw a conclusion; reach a conclusion ‎ What conclusion did you come to / reach / draw / arrive at?‎ ‎ From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.‎ Step 2 Reading ‎1. defeat ‎ ① vt. to win a victory over someone in a war, competition, game etc.打败，战胜，使受挫 I’ve tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me!‎ Our team defeated theirs in the game.‎ ‎② n.失败，输 failure to win or succeed This means admitting defeat.‎ They have got six victories and two defeats.‎ ‎[辨析]win, beat与defeat ‎① win “赢得”赛事、战事、某物；后接人时，意为“争取赢得…的好感或支持；说服”‎ ‎② beat “战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换 We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.‎ They won the battle but lost many men.‎ The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.‎ I can easily beat /defeat him at golf.‎ He is training hard to win the race and realize his dream of becoming a champion at the 2008 Olympic Games.‎ ‎2. expert ‎ ① n. someone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a subject专家，能手 ‎ an expert in psychology an agricultural expert ‎ ② a. having special skill or special knowledge of a subject熟练的，有专门技术的 ‎ an expert rider an expert job需专门知识的工作 ‎ He is expert in / at cooking.‎ ‎3. attend vt. &vi 参加，注意，照料 ‎① be present at参加attend a ceremony / lecture / a movie / school / class / a meeting ‎ I shall be attending the meeting.‎ Please let me know if you are unable to attend the conference.‎ ‎② attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护 The queen had a good doctor attending on her.‎ ‎ Dr Smith attended her in hospital. 治疗 ‎ Are you being attended to?接待 Mother had to attend to her sick son.‎ ‎③ attend to处理，注意倾听 attend to the matter ‎ A nurse attends to his needs.‎ ‎ Can you attend to the matter immediately?‎ I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.‎ Excuse me, but I have an urgent matter to attend to.‎ ‎[辨析]attend, join, join in与take part in ① attend指参加会议、上课、上学、听报告等 ② join 指加入某组织、团体，成为其中一员 ① join in指加入某种活动；表示与某人一起做某事join sb. in sth.‎ ② take part in指参加正式的、有组织的活动，切在活动中起积极作用 Only 2 people attended the meeting.‎ He joined the Communist Youth League in 2007.‎ Will you join us in the game?‎ We often tale part in the after-class activities.‎ ‎4. expose : to show sth. that is usually covered暴露 ‎ expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下 ‎ I threatened to expose him ( to the police). 我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.‎ ‎ He exposed his skin to the sun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下. ‎ The old man was left exposed to wind and rain.‎ When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.‎ ‎5. cure vt. & n. to make someone who is ill well agian治疗,痊愈 When I left the hospital I was completely cured.‎ ‎①cure sb of a disease When you have a pain in your shoulders, you will go to see a doctor. The doctor will cure you. ‎ ‎ The only way to cure backache is to rest.‎ He will cure the pain in your shoulders ‎ When I left the hospital I was completely cured.‎ ‎ The illness cannot be cured easily.‎ Although the boy was beyond cure, his parents tried to cure him of bad habits.‎ ‎②a cure for a disease Aspirin is said to be a wonderful cure for the pain.‎ ‎ There is still no cure for the common cold.‎ ‎ Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?‎ ‎③a cure for sth.: to remove a problem, or improve a bad situation解决问题，改善困境 The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.‎ ‎[辨析]cure与treat ① cure主要指痊愈，强调的是结果 ② treat强调治疗过程，指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治疗病人或疾病，不强调结果。‎ They cured me of my influenza.‎ They treated me with a new drug.‎ ‎6. control vt.& n. ‎ ① vt.： to have power over, rule, direct 控制，支配，管理 He cannot control his feelings / anger.‎ You are trying to control me as though I were your slave.‎ The government tries its best to control prices.‎ ② be under the control of…; be in control of; ‎ take/gain control of ; ‎ get / be out of control; lose control of; beyond control ‎ George took /gained control of the business after his father died.‎ The car went out of control and crashed into the pole.‎ the head in control of the country ‎ The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.‎ Mr. Brown is in control of the shop. / The shop is in the control of Mr. Brown.‎ This money is under control of Mr Brown.‎ ‎ Who’s in control of the project?‎ ‎ The fire has been brought under control.‎ ‎7. suggest v. 建议；暗示；表明 ‎ ① suggest+doing / sth. / that-clause May suggested a picnic at the weekend.‎ ‎ What did you suggest to the headmaster? ‎ I suggested leaving early for the airport. ‎ She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking. ‎ 他建议我们参观长城。‎ He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.‎ He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.‎ He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.‎ ② suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。‎ The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me. ‎ The look on his face suggested that he was happy.‎ His pale face suggested that he was seriously ill.‎ His work suggests that he is a careful man.‎ ‎8. absorb ① to take sth. in especially gradually吸收 Plants absorb carbon dioxide.‎ In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.‎ Paper that absorbs ink is called blotting paper（吸墨纸）.‎ The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎② to understand facts or ideas completely and remember them ‎ It’s hard to absorb so much information.‎ ‎☆ be absorbed in = concentrate on专心于 He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently.‎ The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.‎ ‎ I was so absorbed in a book that I didn’t hear you call. ‎ ‎☆ absorb one’s attention Chinese history absorbs his attention recently.‎ ‎9. suspect: to think that something is probably true or likely, especially something bad ‎ ‎ ① vt. 怀疑，猜疑 n. 嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 adj.可疑的，靠不住的 suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做…‎ She suspected him of taking her money.‎ ① 以为，猜想 We suspected that he had finished doing his homework.‎ ‎10. severe a.‎ ‎① so serious, so bad 严厉的，苛刻的，严格的 Come on! Don’t be so severe with the children.‎ His report contains severe criticism of the company’s actions.‎ His severe looks frightened me.‎ ‎②very harmful or painful, serious or uncomfortable（疼痛）剧烈，的严重的，‎ I was caught in a severe storm last night and couldn’t go back home in time.‎ He has such a severe illness that he has been in hospital. ‎ ‎ I suffered a severe attack of toothache.‎ ‎ He had a severe pain in the leg.‎ ‎11. foresee: to know that sth. is going to happen before it actually happens vt. 预见，预料 The method was used in ways that couldn’t have been foreseen by its inventors.‎ Few analysts foresaw that oil rice would rise so steeply.‎ No one could have foreseen things would turn at this way.‎ It’s impossible to foresee how life will work out. ‎ ‎12. blame v. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n. 过失；责备 ① blame sb. / sth. for sth.: to say or think that sb. or sth. is responsible for sth. bad ‎ 因…而指责 It’s not fair to blame me. It’s not my fault.‎ They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.‎ Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.‎ ‎② blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把……归咎于: be responsible for sth. bad The police blamed the traffic accident on jack’s careless driving.‎ ‎③ (be) to blame应受责备（主动表被动）；承担责任 The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.‎ Which driver was to blame for the accident?‎ Either he or I am to blame.‎ Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.‎ Who is to blame for the fire?‎ ‎④ take the blame承担责任to say that sth. is your fault He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.‎ ‎⑤ put the blame on怪在……身上 It’s no use blaming our defeat on him. ‎ ‎13. look into 调查，了解，研究，浏览，向…里看 ‎ We’ll look into the case as soon as possible.‎ ‎ But now the authority is looking into the cost of modifying all of its windows.‎ ‎ The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now looking into the matter.‎ look around; look after, look down upon; look for; look forward to; look like; look over浏览，过目一遍; look out; look through浏览，检查; look on; look up to; ‎ ‎14. handle vt. to deal with处理，买卖，操作 n. 把手，把柄 The children are so naughty that I can't handle them. 处理 This shop handles paper and stationery. 买卖 We don’t handle that sort of book. 买卖 How shall we handle the problem. 处理 Can you handle the situation at present? 处理 It has a free handle.活把手 He learnt how to handle the axe. 操作 ‎15. link ‎ ‎① v. 连接，联系 The two towns are linked by a railway.‎ The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.‎ Television stations around the world are linked by satellites.‎ The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.‎ ‎② n.‎ Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.‎ Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?‎ A lot of links fitted together form a chain.‎ link up (with)连接，结合;link…with /to把…与相连接 ‎16. announce ‎① to make known publicly; to give information using a loudspeaker, esp. at an airport or railway station; to introduce a program on TV or radio The news was announced by Radio Beijing.‎ Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.‎ The captain announced that the plane was going to land.‎ The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.‎ The army announced a cease-fire. ‎ The announcer announces three programs a week. ‎ It has been announced that Mr. A and Miss B will be married next week.‎ ‎② announcement train approach announcement He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition.‎ ‎☆ make an announcement ‎17. instruct: to teach; to order ‎-- Who instructs your class in history? -- Mr Black. He is our instructor.‎ She instructed me in the use of this telephone.‎ I've been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.‎ The doctor instructed me to stay in bed.‎ The old workers instruct us not only in words but deeds.‎ ‎☆ instruction: detailed directions on procedure; an order; teaching The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.‎ We forgot to read the instructions. (an instruction book)‎ Under Berry’s instruction, I slowly mastered the art of glass blowing.‎ He gave us the instructions to finish the work as soon as possible.‎ ‎ Always read the instructions on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.‎ Period 4 Learning about language (Grammar)‎ Teaching aims To help students learn to use useful words and expressions To help students learn to use The Past Participle (1) as the Predicative & attribute Teaching Procedures I. Making a list Make is a word which is so active that it forms numerous phrases. Now make a list of phrases like “make a list, make mistakes”.‎ Collocations of make…‎ make a guess, make a haircut, make haste, make holiday, make inquires, make a joke, make a journey, make a landing, make a leap, make a living, make a mistake, make a motion, make a noise, make a note, make an objection, make an offer, make peace, make preparation, make progress, make a progress, make a promise, make a proposal, make a recovery, make a remark, make a reply, make a report, make a request, make a resolution, make a speech, make trouble, make a turn, make war II. Reading and finding Read again the text JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” and find out all the examples where the past participle is used.‎ So many thousands of terrified people died. (used as attribute)‎ But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. (used as predicative)‎ III Doing exercises Turn to page 4 and complete in pairs Exercises 1, 2 and 3. Then check your answers against your partners’.‎ IV. Learning about the making and uses of past participle To form the past participle of a verb, add the ending -ed to the base form. (But note that many common verbs have irregular past participle forms.) ‎ The past participle is used in the following circumstances ‎◇After the auxiliary have in the perfect tense ‎ Has the radio been fixed yet?‎ ‎◇After a form of the auxiliary be in the passive voice The radio was fixed on Monday.‎ ‎◇After the verbs have and get with a causative meaning We had the radio fixed last week.‎ ‎◇As a passive participial adjective The recently fixed radio is broken again.‎ 过去分词作定语 ‎1‎ 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语一般要后置。‎ two married women a found umbrella a used stamp fallen leaves a novel written by Jim the letter sent to our boss ‎2‎ 过去分词具有被动或完成的含义。‎ What’s the language spoken in Germany?‎ They decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.‎ ‎3‎ 过去分词作定语常可扩展为一个定语从句。‎ He is fond of the food cooked (=which had been cooked) by your mother.‎ The report is the best of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).‎ ‎4‎ 有时通过一个形容词或数词加另一名词的ed形式构成复合形容词。‎ a three-legged desk a one-eyed dog an honest-faced man a warm-hearted lady Explain the usage of the past participles as predicative and attribute.‎ ‎1. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词；不及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, assemble等，它们用在连系动词之后，表示完成意义，无被动意义。例如：‎ The man looked quite disappointed.‎ He is greatly discouraged by her refusal.‎ His hair is nearly all gone.‎ 已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语，常见的有accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, frightened, hurt, interested, lost, satisfied, surprised, worried等。‎ ‎2. 过去分词作定语 a）用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义。例如：‎ We like skating in the frozen lake in the winter.‎ ‎=We like skating in the lake which has been frozen in the winter.‎ How many finished products have you got up to now?‎ ‎=How many products that have been finished have you got up to now?‎ 来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，这时仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。例如：‎ a retired worker=a worker who has retired an escaped prisoner=a prisoner who has escaped a faded / withered flower=a flower that has faded / withered fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen the risen sun=the sun that has just risen a returned student=a student who has returned vanished treasure=treasure that has vanished b) 用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分词相当于一个定语从句。例如：‎ Things seen are better than things heard.‎ ‎=Things which are seen are better than things which are heard.‎ The lobster broiled over charcoal was delicious.‎ ‎=The lobster which was broiled over charcoal was delicious.‎ Practice: ‎ 将下列句子译成英语。‎ ‎1. 他看上去又累又沮丧. ‎ ‎2. 我们一得到补充资金,就继续我们的实验。‎ ‎3. 我们可以看到被阳光照亮的月球的一部分.‎ ‎4. 经过一个激动和无眠的夜晚之后，第二天我强迫自己在海滨走了很久.‎ ‎5. 早在1649年,俄亥俄州就决定在每一个城镇建立免费的、由税收支持的学校。‎ ‎6. 彼得对这一切似乎很惊奇。‎ Sample answers: ‎ ‎1. He looked tired and depressed. ‎ ‎2. We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. ‎ ‎3. We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. ‎ ‎4. After a night spent in excitement and sleepless-ness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. ‎ ‎5. As early as in 1649, Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be ‎ established in every town. ‎ ‎6. Peter was very amazed at all this. ‎ V. Language points 1. come to an end结束，终结，终止 The meeting has come to an end.‎ bring to an end; draw to an end; put an end to sth.‎ I’m determined to put an end to all these rumours.‎ ‎3. construction n. 建造，建设，构筑 ‎ The construction of the dam took several years.‎ ‎ The new bridge is still under construction.‎ ‎ under construction / repair / discussion在建设中 ‎4. contribute vt. & vi捐献，贡献，捐助 ‎ Everyone should contribute what he r she can afford.‎ ‎ contribute to有助于，促成 ‎ contribute sth. to把…捐赠给…,给…投稿，为…贡献 ‎ make a contribution to为…做贡献 ‎ All this contributed to our success.‎ ‎ He contributed five million dollars to the Red Cross.‎ ‎ He contributed some articles to the newspaper.‎ ‎ Fresh air and exercise can contribute to good health.‎ ‎5.apart from 除…之外（还有）‎ I ate everything apart from the soup.(except)‎ What do you like doing apart from swimming?(besides)‎ Period 5 Using language (Grammar)‎ Step I Pre-reading 1. Talk about the center of the solar system.‎ ‎“Do you know what is the center of the solar system?” ‎ Ask the students to look at the pictures on pages 7. And remind them of the common knowledge of “Sun-Centered Theory”.‎ 2. Talk about Copernicus .‎ We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. ‎ Step II Reading ‎1. Read through the passage, and tell whether the following statements are true or false.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1) At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church ‎ was in charge of many western countries. (T)‎ ‎(2) Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appear in front of or behind the earth. (F)‎ ‎(3) Copernicus didn’t show his new theory to his friends until he completed it. (T)‎ ‎(4) His friends were not interested in his ideas. (F)‎ ‎(5) Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it. (F)‎ ‎(6) Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. (T)‎ ‎2. Read carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe. This time the students are encouraged to read the passage carefully and then do the exercises and problems on pages 7. Encourage the students to fulfill them quickly and correctly. And check the answers together. ‎ Before Copernicus’ theory Showing Copernicus’ theory A diagram showing the solar system with the Earth at its centre A diagram showing the solar system with the Sun at its centre Step IV language points Using language ‎1. lead to ‎ Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disaster.‎ ‎ All roads lead to Rome.‎ ‎ Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.‎ ‎ His work leads to success in the end.‎ ‎2. Only放句首的倒装 ‎ Only then did I realize that I was wrong. ‎ Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work.‎ ‎3. make sense讲得通，有意义; make sense of理解 ‎ Does that seem to make sense?‎ ‎ No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence does not make any sense to me.‎ ‎ Tom, don’t listen to her. What she is saying doesn’t make sense.‎ ‎ Does it make sense to let children play with the matches?‎ ‎ Can you make sense of what I said / what the writer is saying?‎ ‎ It would make sense to leave early.‎ ‎4. be enthusiastic for (about)…对…热心 ‎ David is very enthusiastic about the plan.‎ ‎ They are enthusiastic admirers of that movie star.‎ ‎ My parents are enthusiastic skiers.滑雪迷 ‎ Your father likes to play gold; he’s really enthusiastic about it.‎ ‎5. be cautious of / about 对…谨慎，慎重(带有提防、迟疑的心理)‎ ‎ She is cautious of hurting his feelings.‎ ‎ He was cautious about committing himself.‎ ‎ The bank was very cautious about lending money.‎ ‎6. point of view观点、态度 If one has an open mind, it is easy to appreciate another’s point of view.‎ ‎ From that point of view, the best choice is to support them.‎ ‎ From my point of view, teachers are not well paid.‎ ‎7. 名词、副词当连词 Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us. ‎ ‎ I will give the letter to him immediately/the moment /directly/instantly I see him. ‎ ‎8．be to do ‎ You are not to speak loudly in the office.‎ The driver was to blame for the accident.‎ 9. have sth done结构中的宾补成分 He had to have his car repaired, for it broke down this morning.‎ Mark had his hair cut yesterday. ‎ ‎10. debate We had a debate yesterday. The lively debate really pumped us up.‎ His heart was pumping fast.‎ During the drought last year, the villagers had pumped the well dry, but got no more water.‎ ‎11. complete a. 彻底的，完整的，已完成的 v.完成，使…完成 ‎ I will complete this task soon. ‎ ‎ When will the work be complete?‎ ‎ He is a complete scholar.‎ ‎ When will the railway be completed?‎ ‎12. reject 拒绝，驳回，丢弃 ‎ The supermarket rejected all spotted apples.‎ ‎ He rejected their offer of a job.‎ ‎ The child was rejected by its parents.‎ ‎13. in addition A number of people came to the zoo in addition to Peter and Paul. ‎ The teacher in addition to two students is at the meeting.‎ In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.‎ In addition to an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil.‎ In addition to apples you asked for, I bought you some oranges.‎ ‎☆ apart from ‎ ‎ What do you learn apart from English?‎ Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. ‎ ‎☆ also；as well as；besides ‎14. value ‎ What is the value of this 18k white gold diamond necklace?‎ ‎-- It cost me $2,000 (=It was worth $2,000.), but I valued the necklace at $1,000. ‎ ‎-- It was a valuable diamond necklace.‎ ‎☆ value n.: the amount of money that sth. is worth The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English is of great value to you.‎ ‎ His research has been of no / little practical value. ‎ ‎☆ value vt.: to decide that how much sth. is worth ‎ I value your friendship very highly. ‎ ‎☆ valuable adj.: worth a lot of money