【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解题型分项解题例析教案（20页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解题型分项解题例析教案（20页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解题型分项解题例析 高三备考在完成英语基础知识的复习总结之后，便进入了冲刺阶段。冲刺阶段是英语知识及技能的灵活运用及输出阶段，是复习的最高境界。其主要分为阅读和写作；阅读要求熟练运用语言知识获取、归纳、总结信息。因此，我们说高考英语得阅读者得天下。‎ ‎【高考阅读理解试题的特点及考纲要求】‎ 一、选材贴近生活，贴近时代。渗透文化意识，强调实际应用；注重体裁、题材多样化、交际化和生活化。 　　二、生词率略有下降，但难句增多。命题者着重考查学生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇等理解生词的能力。 　　三、信息量加大，对阅读速度的要求提高。在增加语段信息量的同时，设项的表达信息量也有增加。 　　四、语篇意识加强，设题手法灵活，提问深入。这不仅要求学生理解文章的字面意思，还要求理解文章的内在含义，如段落或文章的主旨、作者的意图等。 　　五、命题上既注重细节的理解，也重视整体的理解；既重视从语言学角度考查学生的语言知识和语言技能，又重视从心理学的角度考查学生的学习策略。 【解题策略】‎ 解答阅读理解题的总体策略应定位于：单句入手，语篇突破，着眼整体，归纳推断。具体的做法是： 　　第一，准确理解关键句子、关键词语的意义。善于解读难句、猜测生词的词义和语义，注意跨文化语言障碍，避免因粗心大意或理解不准确造成曲解或误解。 　　第二，抓住语句表达的实质。即不仅能看懂词、句的表面意思，而且能够扑捉到文字背后的引申意义以及作者的态度和倾向，即潜在的深层含义。 　　第三，要耐心细致地读完全部选项，应按照“误否？虚否？偏否？”的三级思考程序来分析鉴别每一个选项，即先看与文中内容是否相矛盾，再看在文中有没有信息支撑点，最后看能不能完全符合题目的要求，找出差异，然后根据问题的特点和题型确定选项。不要急于求成，使选出的答案似是而非。 ‎ ‎　　第四，要仔细审题。学生由于把主要精力都放在选择正确答案上，因此一旦找到了叙述与短文事实相符的选项，就盲目地选它为答案，忽视了题目到底问什么，从而使所选答案答非所问。 　　第五，要以语篇事实为依据，理解通篇的逻辑关系，把握住语篇的结构与文脉，在事实的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推理，避免盲目的或无根据的主观臆断。 　　第六，快速阅读，整体理解。 阅读速度阅读理解的重要方面，速度不能过慢，最低要求是30~50 WPM 。平时要养成良好的阅读习惯，克服逐字停顿、回读等坏习惯。阅读时要有紧迫感，集中注意力，力求一个意群一停顿，甚至一行一停顿。千万不要一遇到生词就查字典，平时要学会根据上下文 、构词法、 生活常识、定语从句、同位语从句、破折号、等猜测词义；平时必须进行快速阅读训练或限时训练。还要有强烈的语篇意识，着重整体理解，要在十分有限的时间内抓住短文要点、搜寻关键词、确定主题句，还要记忆有关细节、理清短文脉络”。　‎ ‎【推断作者的意图、态度、目的题】‎ ‎（1）【题型特点】‎ 阅读理解中有很多题目要求推测作者的态度和意图，对此，很多考生往往感到无从下手，不能正确把握作者的感情色彩。‎ 在“attitude”型试题提供的选项中，正确选项应该能够高度概括文章的主旨，进而体现作者的态度和观点；干扰项可能是文中的某一细节，只能算是文章中的“一个点”，也可能是某种观点或结论，但“文不对题”。‎ 把题干和选项联系起来，很容易看出，试题要求考生推断作者的态度和观点。通过文章作者到底想表达什么样的态度和观点，这当然需要文章的诸多信息来体现和支撑。‎ 总的来看，作者通过文章可以表达的意图很多，可能是体现作者的某种态度，比如支持、反对、批评、赞扬；也可能是作者的某种目的，比如建议、劝阻、推销、指导等。这就需要考生通过文章的意思进行细致的辨别和分析，从而弄清作者的态度和目的，这些都能够 从作者的论述方法、措辞、语气等方面推断出来。‎ ‎（2）【实战解题指南】‎ 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。 ‎ ‎【A】这类询问语气态度的考题中，选择项里常出现以下一些重要的词：‎ sympathetic 同情的；critical批评的；doubtful怀疑的；objective客观的；enthusiastic热情的，matter-of-fact实事求是的；hostile敌对的；satisfied满意的；friendly友好的；indifferent冷淡的；subjective主观的；optimistic乐观的；pessimistic悲观的；disappointed失望的。 ‎ ‎　　【B】询问写作目的的题，选择项里常出现的词是： 　　explain解释；persuade劝说；comment评论；criticize批评；interest引起……的注意或兴趣；entertain使欢乐；argue辩论；demonstrate举例说明，示范；tell讲述；prove 证明；urge激动；advise劝告；analyze分析；praise赞扬; view 看待,等等。 【C】这种题型常见的提问形式有： 　　The author seems _____. 　　The author’s tone in this passage is _____. 　　The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____. 　　The author’s intention in writing the passage is to _____. 　　The writer probably feels that _____. 　　In the author’s opinion, _____. ‎ 最新考题例析 ‎【一】‎ Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures. ‎ In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the“I to you” approach while Japan，the “you to you” approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation(冲突) situation, which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with. The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view. Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony. ‎ Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management(管理人员) and often does not consult middle management or the worker. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on “bottom-up direction”, ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision. ‎ Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through, and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach, communicating ‎ personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings. Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses. But where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction. ‎ On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace in which Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners, perhaps, lag(落后) behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.‎ ‎60.A Japanese business bases its decision .‎ A. on top-down direction B. on nothing but its workers’ views C. on bottom-up direction D. only on its top leaders’ opinions ‎ ‎61. The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world .‎ A. face great difficulty in making decisions B. are different in decision-making styles ‎ C. have all members contribute to a decision D. have two approaches: “I to you” and “you to I”‎ ‎62.Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?‎ A. They carry out the decision once it is made. ‎ B. There are many meetings in their businesses.‎ C. They work to achieve harmony in doing business. ‎ D. They are good at handling confrontation situation.‎ ‎63.The author’s attitude towards Japanese decision-making is .‎ A. positive B. critical(批评的) C. negative D. casual(无所谓的）‎ ‎60.C考查对材料单个细节的把握：C信息来自第3段第3句。‎ ‎61.B考查文章主旨归纳能力。文章围绕“日本和西方世界决策风格的差异”而展开。‎ ‎62.D考查对材料细节的综合把握：D信息来自第2段第3句。‎ ‎63.A考查对作者态度的把握。从下列表述中可见一斑：a mutual attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony； it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace in which…； The Japanese are eager …and Westerners, perhaps, lag(落后) behin ‎【二】‎ A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it. Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait until the last moment. ‎ By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable. The children who gave in to temptation(诱惑) early on were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated（沮丧）and inflexible（固守己见的）.‎ ‎ Actually, the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesn’t show up on an IQ test. ‎ The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists’ concerns. But brain theory can’t explain what we wonder about most, like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul. ‎ Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman, writer of Emotional Intelligence: when it comes to predicting people’s success, brain ability as measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as “character”. ‎ EQ is not the opposite of IQ. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together; how one’s ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put ‎ intelligence to use. Among the ingredients(要素) for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from social class to luck. ‎ While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, some few fear EQ invites misuse. ‎ ‎71. The experiment with the four-year-olds makes it clear that .‎ A. the age of 4 is a proper time for scientific experiment ‎ B. emotional intelligence won’t show up until adolescence C. the ability of self-control plays a role in personal success ‎ D. candy can be used to measure a person’s emotional intelligence ‎ ‎72. Which of the following is true of EQ and IQ according to the text?‎ ‎ A. The higher a person’s EQ is, the higher his or her IQ is. ‎ B. The higher a person’s IQ is, the higher his or her EQ is.‎ C. Some people can be blessed with lots of both, but some with little of either. ‎ D. Scientists have already discovered the way in which EQ and IQ work together. ‎ ‎73. The underlined word “upbeat” in Paragraph 4 probably means .‎ A. kind B. floating C. excited D. optimistic ‎ ‎74.Why does the author mention the experiment at the beginning of the text?‎ A. To amuse both the children and readers. B. To prove the scientist’s wisdom.‎ C. To introduce the topic of the text. D. To show us how to do an IQ test. ‎ ‎75.What is most likely to be written in the paragraph that follows?‎ A. Information about famous people with high EQ. ‎ B. Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ. ‎ C. Some reasons why EQ is a relatively new field. ‎ D. Strong demand for basic emotional education.‎ ‎71.C考查逻辑推理能力。C信息从第2段第2句可推理出。‎ ‎72.C考查逻辑推理能力。C信息从倒数第2段第1句EQ is not the opposite of IQ.可推理出。‎ ‎73.D考查根据上下文推断生词词义的能力。D信息从该句中的sink可推理出。‎ ‎74.C考查对作者写作意图和文章结构的把握。文章从make an experiment入手从而导出话题EQ。‎ ‎75.B考查对文章结构的把握和逻辑推理能力。B信息从文章的最后部分some few fear EQ invites misuse可推理出。‎ ‎【三】‎ Even with hit shows such as “Desperate Housewives” and “Grey's Anatomy,” ABC is tightening its belt as it weathers the U.S. economic downturn and tries to remain relevant in an industry challenged by digital entertainment.‎ ‎“We are in one of worst economies in 70 years. We are looking at everything we can possibly do to be more efficient and more effective,” ABC Entertainment president Steve McPherson told reporters on Friday.‎ ‎“We have to look at everything across the board from cost cutting to (using) other platforms for smart ways to broker our efforts. It is an ongoing process. It is not a one time thing.”‎ McPherson, attending the networks’ semi-annual presentation to critics, said last year’s five month strike by Hollywood screenwriters had “really hurt everybody” in the traditional television industry, and he acknowledged the networks had lost viewers to other forms of entertainment.‎ ‎“The world has changed under these businesses and we need to be incredibly diligent and confident in what we do, otherwise we will be ‎ left by the wayside.” he said. “Tomorrow is here, now, and we really need to figure it out now and move forward.”‎ ABC, a unit of Walt Disney Co, has lost about 9.7 percent of its prime time audience in the 2008-9 season compared with the same stage last year.‎ With the exception of current ratings leader CBS, the other two major U.S. networks Fox and NBC have also lost similar percentages since the 2008-9 season started last September.‎ McPherson said he hoped ABC would continue to “take chances” on shows such as “Lost” and “Dancing with the Stars” that were seen as daring when they were shown for the first time. But recent new entries, such as “Pushing Daisies,” “Eli Stone” and “Dirty Sexy Money,” failed to resonate with viewers and were canceled.‎ Despite the growing trend of watching television on iPods, on the Internet and on mobile phones, McPherson said ABC's main focus remained on broadcast.‎ ‎“We are still a broadcast network and that is where our profits come from. The other platforms are important. But people ask “Would we do a show that would be successful on the Internet as opposed to on broadcast? ... and those are always secondary thoughts,” he added.‎ ‎56.The main idea of the passage is about__________.‎ ‎ A. the strike of Hollywood screenwriters ‎ B. the decline of ABC’s prime time audience ‎ C. ABC’s main focus on broadcast ‎ D. ABC’s feeling economic, digital pressure ‎57.The 3rd paragraph suggests to us that__________.‎ ‎ A. the economic situation is so serious that it will last long ‎ B. cutting cost is the best way to recover from economic downturn ‎ C. using other smart way can develop the ongoing process ‎ D. sparing no effort can complete the ongoing process ‎58.We can infer that the last economic great depression happened ________.‎ ‎ A. in 1970 B. in 1970s C. in 1939 D. in the 2008-9 season ‎59.McPherson’s attitude towards ABC’s future is full of__________.‎ ‎ A. doubt B. hope C. worry D. confidence ‎56.D 主旨大意题。本文为新闻类文章，多出现在文章的第一段，结合第一段内容可以知道答案选D。‎ ‎57.A 推理判断题。根据前面内容看是70年来最大的经济危机，再结合第三段 “It is an ongoing process. It is not a one time thing.”内容看，目前经济状况很严重不会在短期结束。‎ ‎58.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“We are in one of worst economies in 70 years.”可以知道，现在是2009年，70年前就是1939年，所以答案应该是C。‎ ‎59.D 作者态度题。根据第五段整个段落内容和倒数第二段他对ABC的重心仍放在广播上可以暗示出他对未来持自信的态度。‎ ‎【主旨要义题实战指导】‎ ‎《教学大纲》和《考试大纲》都要求考生首先必须掌握所读材料的主旨大意，这是对阅读的最重要、最基本的要求之一。不掌握主旨大意，就失去了阅读的意义研究高考题阅读理解，我们会发现，命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文和中心思想的能力。因此，每年阅读理解题中的主旨大意题都在5题左右。‎ 主旨大意题提问的形式主要有三类：一类是Main Idea型；二类是Topic或Title型；三类是确定文章的基调或者目的来测定对全文或段落大意的理解。‎ ‎■常用解题方法：文章多是议论文和说明文，这就要求考生必须熟悉这两种文体的结构特点。这两种文体的结构特点可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。掌握这一结构，就可以迅速掌握文章的主题，把握文章的脉络。 　　要想确定文章的主题思想，最容易且行之有效的方法就是找出文章的主题句。主题句在文章中的位置主要有五种情况：‎ ‎1.读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文等多采用这种结构，文章段落的中心，即主题句在文章开头。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。主题句在文章段落中的位置通常有四种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应的主题句）、无主题句（没明确写出，蕴含在文章之中）。‎ ‎2.读尾句抓大意。‎ ‎3.读首尾段抓大意。‎ 有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。‎ ‎4.从段落中抓大意。有些文章或段落的主题句居中，这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。‎ ‎5.归纳要点抓大意 有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是暗示性地体现主题。这就要求我们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。‎ ‎●寻找主题句多采用浏览法（skimming）。浏览时，一般不需逐句细看，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。若属无主题句文章，则要根据从文中获得的信息，自己去归纳。在归纳过程中，考生要分清主次，看文章主要叙述的是什么，不要一叶障目，不见泰山。同时归纳总结时还要做到简洁明了，用词恰当。主旨大意题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，有时对考生的归纳、概括能力也有一定的要求。‎ ‎ “main idea”型主旨大意题也属于阅读理解中的深层理解题。这种题型中的干扰项通常和文章某一细节有关，许多考生往往只根据文中的某一信息盲目确定答案。‎ 主旨大意题要求考生要善于抓取文章的主题句，主题句通常表达了文章的中心思想，找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求考生抓住文章中的关键词进行归纳概括。‎ ‎【最新考题例析】‎ ‎【一】‎ ‎ Everyone’s at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn’t done an eBay deal. So I decided to try my hand at online auction (网上拍卖).‎ ‎ Buying for beginners: Sign up on www.eBay.co.uk. Most items (e.g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be marked with “Buy It Now” and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.‎ ‎ If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids（出价）for you .The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days, and when they finish you get an e-mail telling you whether you have won the item.‎ ‎ How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card（信用卡）.‎ ‎ Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends’ advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starting on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.‎ ‎ The big things in life: It’s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Check the ways of delivery before you bid.‎ ‎64.What is the passage mainly about?‎ ‎ A. How to make payment online.‎ ‎ B. Ways of making delivery online.‎ ‎ C. Advantages of an online auction system.‎ ‎ D. How to use an online-auction system.‎ ‎65.After bidding for an item, a buyer________________.‎ ‎ A. can’t buy other items any more ‎ B. should make payment immediately ‎ ‎ C. has chances to make higher bids ‎ D. must give your credit card to the seller ‎66.You should if the item is being auctioned.‎ ‎ A. make loud noises ‎ B. get the others not to bid ‎ C. ask the other people’s price ‎ D. offer the highest price you are ready to pay ‎67.The easiest way of making payment mentioned in the passage is___________.‎ ‎ A. through an online payment system ‎ B. through a local bank system ‎ C. by sending the money to the seller ‎ D. by paying the delivery man directly ‎64.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段和黑体各个部分内容可以得出本题答案为D。‎ ‎65.C 细节理解题。根据Buying for beginners:第二段内容可以得出本题答案为C。‎ ‎66.D 细节理解题。根据Buying for beginners:第二段内容可以得出本题答案为D。‎ ‎67.A 细节推断题。根据How to pay:中的最后一句内容可以得出本题答案为A。‎ roup several years ago. We rode on a trishaw（脚踏三轮车）with a guide explaining the history, architecture and lifestyle of the local inhabitants. Having visited the "must-sees" of Beijing, like the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Drum Tower and the Summer Palace, going into the hutong home of some famous ancient families gave the "Beijing experience" a human element.‎ My curiosity has sharpened over the years from reading about them at every opportunity. During the preparation for the Olympics I was eager to learn that some siheyuan courtyards in hutong were turned into accommodations（食宿）for visitors. I wished to stay in one someday.‎ ‎ Preparing for a recent trip to the capital, I eagerly sought one out. On my limited teacher's salary, I settled on an affordable option, though I looked longingly at the more upscale courtyard accommodations. As usual, by not being able to go upmarket, I ended up having something closer to a true experience. A real family still ‎ lives in the courtyard, which is closer to the original. The rooms all opened into the central courtyard. Flowers were blooming, beans and peas were climbing up the bamboo fence, and the cat was napping in the sun．Every day after exploring the city, I'd hurry back to the hutong, take a quick shower and join the cat一snoozing（小睡）in a bamboo-made chair with a book ready nearby. As the other guests came back we'd greet one another. There was a mother and young daughter from France, a guy from Canada, a mother and teenage daughter from the Netherlands, a teacher from England and several guests from various parts of China. Coming and going through the narrow alleys（小巷）of the hutong, the residents would smile and give cheery "ni hao"（hello）．Laughing children were playing under the watchful eyes of the neighbors. I felt right at home in this friendly neighborhood．‎ ‎53．The main idea of the passage is about ‎ A ．hutong days realize my desires to live local life ‎ B ．Trishaw is the only way to visit the hutong ‎ C ．living in the hutong with other visitors ‎ D ．exploring the deeper of Beijing ‎54. When did the author have the idea to visit Beijing hutong?‎ ‎ A. As early as he was a little child ‎ B ．when he was reading the text books at school ‎ C. during the preparation for the Olympics ‎ D ．the author doesn't mention it specifically ‎55．The underlined word "upscale" in the fourth paragraph means＿．‎ ‎ A. inexpensive B. high-class C. appropriate D. secondary ‎56. What is the impression of the author about the people in hutong?‎ ‎ A ．They came from all over the world.‎ ‎ B ．They all wanted to enjoy the old life of Beijing.‎ ‎ C ．They are living together in harmony.‎ ‎ D. They are living in a heavenly peace life.‎ ‎53.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。文章围绕着作者很久就希望参观北京的胡同，终于今天实现了这梦想，并且暂住在北京的胡同的一家，故选A。‎ ‎54.［答案］D【解析】细节推断题。第三段的首句只谈到了每当读到有关胡同时，想参观胡同的想法就越来越强烈，并没有具体到作者人生的那个阶段有这种想法，故选D。‎ ‎55.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。在该划线词的前面的主句可知，作者靠着自己做教师的有限的工资，住到了不太昂贵的住处，所以根据句中的though可以推测出该词表示“奢华的，高级的，昂贵的”，故选择B。‎ ‎56.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后两段可知住在胡同中的人们彼此之间很友好，尤其是最后一段的smile and give cheery "ni hao"，playing under the watchful eyes of the neighbors表明人们和谐的生活着，所以选择答案C。‎ ‎【标题归纳题实战指导】‎ 文章标题是文章的点睛之笔。标题归纳题在英语阅读理解题中属深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，准确把握文章大意及作者的写作意图。一般说来，标题应该具有概括性、针对性、简洁性三个突出特点。其中概括性是指标题应该最大程度地覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性是指标题的含义要直接指向文章的主要特点；而简洁性则是指标题应言简意赅，能吸引读者的的注意力，并唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣等。‎ 根据上述分析，解答标题归纳题时通常采用以下方法：‎ ‎1.在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复中出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章主题相关的信息，找出概括全文的核心词汇。‎ ‎2.确认选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。‎ ‎【最新考题例析】‎ ‎ 【一】‎ ‎ There is more than one reason for why you need to hire a business attorney（律师）．It is very important to hire some good attorney for your business especially because of the fact that you ‎ will need their knowledge and advice from beginning to all the time through your business．An attorney actually provides useful advice and guidance for your business and above all for your finance.‎ ‎ When you start some business you need to hire business attorney for helping you in decision making for which kind of business you are going to start. So, all steps and all legal requirements will be provided to you and you can work without any trouble. Therefore, you will be introduced to all that you need to know and how to organize your business. You will be made aware about what type of organization would be most useful and the best for you. Moreover, it is very useful when you have business consultant and especially in the law area, because he will provide you legal knowledge and direct about what is legal for business and what is illegal.‎ At the same time, he will provide you legal contract that you need to have for your corporate reports. Also, when you are a beginner in business it is very difficult to handle all kind of state taxes and fee; so a business attorney is here to help you with that. When there are some questions about auction（拍卖），good and professional business-attorney will lead you through acquisitions（所获之物）， sale mergers（合并）and similar matters.‎ These are only few reasons why you need to hire a good attorney, but there are more of them. So when you start some business, use advice of professionals and take the right decision.‎ ‎ If you need a good and excellent attorney, you don't hesitate to get in touch with Arizona Business Attorney，Click here to find an Arizona Business Attorney.‎ ‎49. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Few Reasons Why You Need a Business Attorney.‎ ‎ B ．Business Attorney is a Key to a Business.‎ ‎ C ．Advice from Attorney for a Business.‎ ‎ D. Contact with Arizona Business Attorney.‎ ‎50 ．According to the author,＿·‎ ‎ A ．you'd better consult a lawyer before starting a business ‎ B ．it is best to hire an attorney before opening a business ‎ C ．you should contact Arizona before your business ‎ D ．it is rule to invite an attorney in America ‎51 ．If you are a beginner in business,_______‎ ‎ A ．you will meet with some auction questions ‎ B. you are sure to suffer problems of taxes and fee ‎ C. you should seek for advice of professionals ‎ D ．you must hire a good attorney ‎52．Where can the reader find the passage?‎ ‎ A. In a newspaper. B. On the Internet.‎ ‎ C. In a magazine. D. In a guide book.‎ ‎49.【答案】A【解析】题目推断题。在文中作者给出为什么一个公司、一个企业需要法律顾问，还有法律顾问对一个公司、企业的影响，故选答案A。‎ ‎50.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。作者在第二段讲到了要开创自己的企业所需要法律顾问的原因和重要性，故选答案B。‎ ‎51.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三、四段可知，一个初始创业的人， 很难打理日常事务，他／她需要一名法律顾问（而不是必须）、需要向专业人士征求意见，故选答案C。‎ ‎52.【答案】B【解析】在文章结尾部分作者用了Click here to find an ArizonaBusiness Attorney可知这篇文章是在因特网上读到了。‎ ‎【推理判断题实战指导】‎ 推理判断题属于深层理解题，干扰项往往和文章有一定的联系，在这种情况下考生往往由于不能对文章或段落作出正确的推理和判断。‎ 推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类题，它包括判断和推理的过程。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多部推理。考生解题时通常需要透过文字的表层意思，在全文的大背景下理解文章的深层含义。‎ 综上所述，解答推理判断题要求考生不仅要读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，再结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断，；理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层含义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文中找到，因此推理时务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即已知部分----推理的前提，从中推测出未知部分----推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。‎ ‎【最新考题例析】‎ ‎【一】‎ Two worlds come together Imagine landing in a foreign country where you cannot speak the language, understand the culture and don’t know anybody. Wouldn’t it be nice to have a friend who could help you out? ‎ John Smith, an English explorer who landed in America in 1607, found the best friend ever. She was a Native American named Pocahontas (1595-1617). And she did more than teach Smith the language: she saved his life, twice. ‎ Smith was captured(捕获) by members of Pocahontas’s tribe (部落) and was going to be killed. But for some reason, the Chief’s daughter, Pocahontas, felt sorry for Smith (who was probably the first white man she had ever seen) and threw her body over his to protect him. Smith returned safely to the small village he was living in.‎ During the winter the English settlers did not know how to get food from nature. Pocahontas often brought food for Smith and his friends. ‎ A year later Pocahontas’s father tried to kill Smith again because the Native Americans were very scared the English would try to take over their land. Pocahontas warned him and he was able to escape. ‎ Later she became a Christian and eventually married an Englishman named John Rolfe. ‎ She spent the last year of her life in London.‎ Pocahontas has become an American legend. Her life story has been ‎ re-created in many books and films, including Disney’s 1995 film, Pocahontas.‎ One of the reasons she is so popular is that many Europeans look at Pocahontas as an excellent example of how a minority can adjust into the majority. Pocahontas is also respected because of her selfless love. She proved that people can be kind and loving even to people of a different race or culture. John Smith was very different from Pocahontas but she could see he was a good man and that was all that mattered. No race or country owns goodness, love and loyalty.‎ ‎64. What difficulties might early European settlers meet in America EXCEPT ________?‎ A. the fierce conflict with Native Americans B. bad-tempered natives who enjoyed killing C. unfamiliarity with a foreign land D. lack of food in winter ‎65. Pocahontas saved John Smith twice because ______.‎ A. he was the first white man she had ever seen in her life B. she wanted to become a Christian and marry an Englishman C. she believed in general kindness even to people of a different race ‎ D. she was on the settlers’ side and against her cruel father ‎66. According to the text, Europeans think Pocahontas _____.‎ A. was brave to break away from her own tribe ‎ B. set a good example for other natives to accept the white settlers ‎ C. was a selfless Christian who can love her enemy D. was open to a more advanced culture ‎67. What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. The battles between early settlers and Native Americans resulted from their fighting for land.‎ B. The Europeans think the early settlers should have learned to adjust to the local cultures.‎ C. The creation of America is based on the settlers’ victory over the Native Americans.‎ D. People from different cultures can never really get along well with each other.‎ ‎64.根据文章第一节知道C正确，文章第三节知道D正确， 文章第五节知道A正确，故选B ‎65.根据文章最后一节he proved that people can be kind and loving even to people of a different race or culture.得知正确答案应为C ‎66.根据文章最后两节可得知正确答案应为B ‎67.根据文章第五节A year later Pocahontas’s father tried to kill Smith again because the Native Americans were very scared the English would try to take over their land.可知正确答案应选A ‎【细节理解题实战指导】‎ ‎1.所谓细节理解题，是指文章提到了与某个试题相关的时间、地点、人物或事件。细节理解题一般包括直接理解题和语意转化题，所以破解事实型细节理解题就像在揭开一层面纱。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他题的基础。换句话说，该类型题大部分都可以在文章中找到与答案有关的信息，或者转换了说法的句子。所以，准确查找信息在阅读理解题中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的事实性材料，其实在一篇文章中大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主题展开的细节。‎ 做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与文章有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找到答案。‎ ‎2.细节推断题的解题过程包括“细节理解”和“推理判断”两个环节，也就是根据文章相关的细节推断，得出有关核文意相关的答案，该题型要求考生不仅要正确理解相关的细节的表层含义，还要通过对文章细节的理解，弄清该细节所包含的深层含义，即联系语境，确定“言外之意”。在解题过程中，考生要注意“细节”和“推断”之间的相互关系。抛弃了细节的推断是无中生有的推断，而只抓了细节，不去进行合乎实际的推理，也一定无法选出正确答案。‎ ‎【最新考题例析】‎ ‎【一】‎ With their weakening bodies, advanced age or increasing pressure of work or study, people have been advised and usually persuaded to have health care products. Do you remember your first time to take a nutritional supplement(营养补充品)? What was your first impression? ‎ ‎ Posted by Amy, Dec. 23, 2010 8:05 PM Madeline on Dec. 24, 2010 7:25 PM Years ago, as a young mom with two small children, I struggled to keep up with the demands of a busy life. One day, I woke up feeling so tired that I knew something had to change!‎ A friend gave me some Royal Jelly—an amazing substance(物质)from the beehive(蜂房). I was doubtful, but desperate…so I tried it! In time, I began to experience renewed energy and vitality(活力)like never before! Now, over two decades later, I travel all round the country, sharing my life-changing experience. I’m grateful for the energy to keep up and love to share this wonderful discovery with others.‎ Blanca on Dec. 25, 2010 7:02 PM Ten years ago, when I was 73, my mind wanted to be busy and useful, but my body didn’t. I became tired and lethargic(无精打采的). That’s when my daughter Madeline tried to persuade me to try her special Royal Jelly. It made such a dramatic(巨大的)difference in her life, so she was sure it could help me too! Hesitating for 2 days, I gave in. She was right! I no longer felt worn out. I had a new, youthful zest(热情)for life and I’ve been OK — thanks to Royal Jelly!‎ Lori on Dec. 25, 2010 10:27 PM When my mom Madeline was introduced to Royal Jelly, it affected my life, too! Mom gave me some of her fantastic Royal Jelly. Boy, things did turn around! I had more energy and stamina(耐力)and was finally able to keep up with high school and, eventually, college activities. Today, I’m a busy mom in my mid-thirties with two active boys and a new business! I have enough energy to do it all! I’m glad I took my Mom’s advice. ‎ ‎56.From the text, we learn that .‎ A. Madeline became more than willing to take Royal Jelly at the very beginning ‎ B. Lori was grateful partly because Royal Jelly helped him to improve his studies ‎ C. Royal Jelly is a product that can help renew a person’s energy and vitality ‎ D. Amy has benefited from Royal Jelly so she posted a topic about the product ‎ ‎57. Which of the following is true of Blanca?‎ A. She replied to the topic on Christmas Eve.‎ B. She tried Royal Jelly without hesitation.‎ C. She is now supposed to be in her seventies. ‎ D. She was the second one to reply to the topic. ‎ ‎58. What’s the relationship between the Royal Jelly takers? ‎ A. Lori and Blanca are Madeline’s grandchildren.‎ B. Madeline is Blanca’s daughter and Lori’s mother. ‎ C. Blanca is Lori and Madeline’s great grandmother.‎ D. They have no blood relationship but friendship.‎ ‎59. Where can we most probably read this text? ‎ A. In a sports club. B. On an Internet page. C. In a fiction. D. In a travel magazine.‎ ‎56.C考查对材料单个细节的把握：C信息来自第一个帖子第2段第3句。 ‎ ‎57.D考查对材料细节的综合把握：D信息来自三个发帖子时间的比较。‎ ‎58.B考查对材料细节的综合把握：B信息来自第二个帖子第3句和第三个帖子第1句。‎ ‎59.B考查逻辑推理能力。B信息从文章的结构“发帖、跟帖”可推理出。‎ ‎【文章结构题实战指导】‎ 文章结构类阅读理解，旨在考查学生对语篇结构理解，其要求学生从语篇整体入手，把握文章结构，进而找出答案。篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：‎ ‎（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）‎ ‎（2）了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。‎ ‎（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。‎ ‎【最新考题例析】‎ ‎【一】‎ A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it. Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait until the last moment. ‎ By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable. The children who gave in to temptation(诱惑) early on were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated（沮丧）and inflexible（固守己见的）.‎ ‎ Actually, the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesn’t show up on an IQ test. ‎ The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scientists’ concerns. But brain theory can’t explain what we ‎ wonder about most, like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul. ‎ Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman, writer of Emotional Intelligence: when it comes to predicting people’s success, brain ability as measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as “character”. ‎ EQ is not the opposite of IQ. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together; how one’s ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients(要素) for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from social class to luck. ‎ While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, some few fear EQ invites misuse. ‎ ‎71. The experiment with the four-year-olds makes it clear that .‎ A. the age of 4 is a proper time for scientific experiment ‎ B. emotional intelligence won’t show up until adolescence C. the ability of self-control plays a role in personal success ‎ D. candy can be used to measure a person’s emotional intelligence ‎ ‎72. Which of the following is true of EQ and IQ according to the text?‎ ‎ A. The higher a person’s EQ is, the higher his or her IQ is. ‎ B. The higher a person’s IQ is, the higher his or her EQ is.‎ C. Some people can be blessed with lots of both, but some with little of either. ‎ D. Scientists have already discovered the way in which EQ and IQ work together. ‎ ‎73. The underlined word “upbeat” in Paragraph 4 probably means .‎ A. kind B. floating C. excited D. optimistic ‎ ‎74.Why does the author mention the experiment at the beginning of the text?‎ A. To amuse both the children and readers. B. To prove the scientist’s wisdom.‎ C. To introduce the topic of the text. D. To show us how to do an IQ test. ‎ ‎75.What is most likely to be written in the paragraph that follows?‎ A. Information about famous people with high EQ. ‎ B. Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ. ‎ C. Some reasons why EQ is a relatively new field. ‎ D. Strong demand for basic emotional education.‎ ‎71.C考查逻辑推理能力。C信息从第2段第2句可推理出。‎ ‎72.C考查逻辑推理能力。C信息从倒数第2段第1句EQ is not the opposite of IQ.可推理出。‎ ‎73.D考查根据上下文推断生词词义的能力。D信息从该句中的sink可推理出。‎ ‎74.C考查对作者写作意图和文章结构的把握。文章从make an experiment入手从而导出话题EQ。‎ ‎75.B考查对文章结构的把握和逻辑推理能力。B信息从文章的最后部分some few fear EQ invites misuse可推理出。‎ ‎【二】‎ ‎ At a primary school in a small town in the east of South Carolina, second-grade teachers Garneau and Lynne are convinced that separating elementary-age boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement in both genders(性别).‎ ‎ David Chadwell, South Carolina’s coordinator of single gender education says, “Boys and girls learn, hear and respond to their surroundings differently. We can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.” ‎ ‎ Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way, he explains. The composition of the male eye makes it sensitive to ‎ motion and direction. “Boys interpret the world as objects moving through space,” he says. ‎ ‎ The male eye is also drawn to cooler colors like silver and black. It’s no accident boys tend to create pictures of moving objects instead of drawing the happy colorful family, like girls do in their class. ‎ ‎ The female eye, on the other hand, is drawn to warmer colors like red, yellow and orange. To attract girls, Chadwell says, the teacher doesn’t need to move as much as in boy’s class. Using descriptive phrases and lots of colors in presentations or on the blackboard gets their attention. ‎ ‎ Boys and girls also hear differently. “When someone speaks in a loud tone, girls interpret it as yelling,” Chadwell says. “They think you’re mad and can shut down.” Girls are more sensitive to sounds. He advises girls’ teachers to watch the tone of their voices. Boys’ teachers should sound more forceful, even excited. ‎ ‎ A boy’s nervous system causes him to be more cautious when he is standing, moving, and the room temperature is around 69 degrees Fahrenheit. Stress in boys, he says, tends to increase blood flow to their brains, a process that helps them stay focused. Girls are more focused when seated in a warmer room around 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Girls also respond to stress differently. When exposed to threat and conflict, blood goes to their guts(肠道), leaving them feeling nervous or anxious. ‎ ‎ These differences can be applied in the classroom, Chadwell adds. “Single gender programs are about maximizing the learning.” ‎ ‎46. What is David Chadwell’s attitude toward separating elementary-age boys and girls while learning? ‎ ‎ A. Supportive B. Worried C. Concerned D. Uninterested ‎47. To engage boy in a class, the teacher ______. ‎ ‎ A. must have a moving object in this hand B. needs to wear clothes in warm color ‎ C. has to speak politely D. had better move constantly while teaching ‎48. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?‎ ‎ (= Paragraph 1 ‚= Paragraph 2 ƒ= Paragraph 3 ….. ˆ= Paragraph 8)‎ ‎ A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎49. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ‎ ‎ A. Ways of teaching boys and ways of teaching girls ‎ B. Boys and girls should be separated ‎ C. How boys and girls learn differently ‎ D. How to teach more effectively ‎50. Which of the following students is most likely to be focused? ‎ ‎ A. A boy sitting in a warm room B. A standing boy who is faced with stress ‎ C. A girl standing in a cold room D. A girl who is facing a lot of pressure C: ADACB ‎ 46. A。 推断题。第二段：we can teach boys and girls based on what we now know ‎47. D。 推理判断题。第三段：sensitive to motion and direction 第五段：doesn’t need to move as much as in boys’ class ‎ 48. A。 篇章结构题。‎ ‎ 49. C。 主旨大意题。‎ ‎ 50. B 细节题。第七段。‎ ‎【二】‎ Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research — the mapping of all DNA in a human gene(基因) is complete. Couple of years ago, this seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day, when the human being will be cloned, is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument, in terms of morality(道德) or religion. ‎ Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. If the clone was free of genetic limitations, then the other clone would be as well. The latter could be inserted in the woman and allowed to ripen to term. Moreover, cloning would enable women, who can’t get pregnant, to have children of their own. ‎ Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world that are expected to lose their lives due to failure of single (or more) organ(s). It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists. ‎ Arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal “cycle” of life. There would be a large number of same genes, which reduce the chances of improvement, and, in turn, development — the fundamental reason how living things naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment. Life processes failing to do so might result in untimely disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappear, thus leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific ‎ purposes, and chances are that those individuals would be regarded as “objects” rather than people in the society.‎ Scientists haven’t 100% guaranteed that the first cloned humans will be normal. Thus, this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human “gene-pool”. ‎ Regarding such arguable topics in “black or white” approach seems very innocent to me personally. We should rather try to look at all “shades” of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans. Then we could regard this as for “saving life” instead of “creating life”. I believe cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.‎ 21． Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. Genetic limitations will be beneficial for some women.‎ B. A large number of genes will prevent us from developing.‎ C. First cloned humans might be normal according to scientists.‎ D. Forbidding cloning might limit the freedom of scientists.‎ 22． What’s the author’s opinion on cloning?‎ A. It should be entirely banned. B. It is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs.‎ C. It will take away the right to reproduce. D. It should be used in creating life.‎ 23． Where can you read this article?‎ A. In a story book. B. In a magazine.‎ C. In a science fiction. D. In a novel.‎ 24． Which of the following shows the structure of the passage(1—6 refer to paragraph 1—6)?‎ A. ‎ B. ‎ C.‎ D.‎ ‎【答案】DBBA