2019-2020学年新教材高中英语Unit6 Earth first

2019-2020学年新教材高中英语Unit6 Earth first

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing ‎ing形式和ed形式作宾语补足语 补足语是用来说明宾语或主语情况的成分，在英语中，ing形式和ed形式都可以作补足语。‎ ‎1．ing形式作宾语补足语 ‎ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。能接ing形式作补语的有两类动词：‎ ‎(1)感觉、感官类动词：see, notice, watch, look at, hear, listen to, find, feel, smell等。‎ ‎◆He heard the wind blowing outside.‎ 他听到外边在刮风。‎ ‎◆I felt my heart beating faster.‎ 我感到我的心跳得更快了。‎ ‎(2)使役动词：keep, get, leave, have等。‎ ‎◆I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.‎ 不好意思让你等这么久。‎ ‎◆The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.‎ 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们朝前线行进。‎ ‎2．ed形式作补语 ‎ed形式作宾语补足语既可表示被动又可表示动作已经完成；宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。ed形式作补语的常见情况：‎ ‎(1)位于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官动词后作补语。‎ ‎◆She was glad to see her child taken good care of.‎ 她很高兴看到自己的孩子被照顾得很好。‎ ‎◆I was sleeping when I heard my name called.‎ 我正在睡觉，这时听到有人喊我的名字。‎ ‎(2)位于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作补语。‎ ‎◆They are going to have the house painted white.‎ 他们准备把房子刷成白色。‎ ‎1．使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：‎ - 26 -‎ ‎(1)have sth.done＝get sth.done ‎◆I had/got my hair cut yesterday.‎ 我昨天理了发。‎ ‎◆The lady had/got her bag stolen on the bus yesterday.‎ 昨天，这位女士的包在公共汽车上被偷了。‎ ‎(2)have sb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物一直做某事；get sb./sth.doing sth.使某人/某物(开始)做某事。sb./sth.与构成现在分词的动词之间是主谓关系。‎ ‎◆Don’t have the water running while brushing your teeth.‎ 刷牙时，别让水一直流着。‎ ‎◆Let’s get the machine running.‎ 让我们使这台机器运转起来吧。‎ ‎(3)have sb.do sth./get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事； have sth.to do 有某事要做(to do作后置定语)。‎ ‎◆My parents always get me to do some housework.‎ 父母总是让我做些家务。‎ ‎◆The manager had his secretary collect some information.‎ 经理让他的秘书收集些信息。‎ ‎2．with复合结构中作宾补的非谓语动词 ‎“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构可在句中作定语或状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)，宾补可以是名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 在此我们重点讲解宾补是分词和不定式的情况。‎ ‎(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。‎ ‎◆He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.‎ 他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。(伴随状语) ‎ ‎(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。‎ ‎◆With his hair cut, he looked much younger.‎ 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(原因状语) ‎ ‎(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式一般情况下都用主动形式。‎ ‎◆With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go skating with you.‎ 因为有很多家庭作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰了。(原因状语)‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．When I passed by his office, I heard him singing(sing) a Chinese song.‎ - 26 -‎ ‎2．The place looks much better since they had it redecorated(redecorate)．‎ ‎3．Tom has been away from home for two years, leaving his room covered(cover) with dust.‎ ‎4．When I saw the dog being__beaten(beat) by several boys, I came up to stop them.‎ ‎5．The man left us standing(stand) alone, unable to find any help.‎ ‎6．When the Greens found their house broken(break) into, they called the police at once.‎ ‎7．Did you hear the song sung(sing) in Chinese when in the U．S.A.?‎ ‎8．When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women arguing(argue)．‎ ‎9．A beggar in rags stood there with his eyes staring(stare) at the steak on the plate.‎ ‎10．Don’t leave the girl waiting(wait) outside all the time.‎ 语法与写作 ‎1．My mother kept me practising/practicing__playing__the__piano(练习弹钢琴), which made me annoyed.‎ ‎2．With__the__temperature__rising(随着温度的升高), the leaves and grass began to appear.‎ ‎3．To his surprise, he didn’t notice__his__wallet__stolen(注意到被人偷) on the bus.‎ ‎4．The couple felt very satisfied to see their daughter taken__good__care__of(受到很好的照顾) in the new nursery.‎ ‎5．Jack had__his__left__leg__broken(摔断了左腿) while playing football, which made all of us very sad.‎ 劝说信 文体感知 劝说信的内容来源于我们对生活的感知，是就我们所发现的家庭生活、学校生活或社会生活中的某种现象，向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议的一种应用文体。‎ 增分佳句 ‎1．The reason why the environment is polluted is that we don’t attach great - 26 -‎ ‎ importance to it.‎ ‎2．We are concerned that materials will be used up soon.‎ ‎3．Now people in growing numbers are coming to realize that taking exercise is beneficial to our health.‎ ‎4．A recent study shows that people spend most of their spare time on phones.‎ ‎5．In order to solve the problem, we should reduce waste.‎ ‎6．I hope you can take what I have said into account.‎ ‎7．I wish you can realize the importance of environmental protection.‎ ‎8．We will spare no efforts to protect our earth.‎ 写作要求 每年的10月31日是联合国确定的“世界勤俭日”。假如你是李华，请针对校园中学生花钱如水、没有节约意识以及追求高水平生活、追求时髦等现象，写一封劝说信，鼓励同学们养成勤俭节约的好习惯。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。‎ Dear friends，‎ As we know, World Thrift Day falls on October 31st. So this time I’d like to discuss thrift with you.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours faithfully，‎ Li Hua 审题谋篇 项目 结论 体裁 应用文 话题 提倡勤俭节约 时态 一般现在时 - 26 -‎ 人称 第一、第三人称 词句推敲 ‎1．词汇 ‎①花销　　　　　　　　 expenditure ‎②概念 concept__‎ ‎③生活水平 living__standard ‎ ‎④追求 pursue ‎⑤价值观 values ‎2．句式 ‎①最近几年，中学生的花销急剧上升。‎ 普通表达：In recent years, the expenditure of middle school students has risen sharply.‎ 高级表达：In recent years, the expenditure of middle school students has__been__on__the__sharp__rise/increase．(用高级词汇on the rise/increase改写)‎ ‎②一些学生喜欢追求时尚和潮流，这将花费更多的钱。‎ 普通表达：Some students like to pursue fashion and trends. This tends to need more money.‎ 高级表达：Some__students__like__to__pursue__fashion__and__trends,__which__‎ tends__to__need__more__money.(用非限制性定语从句改写)‎ 妙笔成篇 ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear friends，‎ As__we__know,__World__Thrift__Day__falls__on__October__31st.__So__this__time__I’d__like__to__discuss__thrift__with__you.‎ In recent years，with the improvement of living standard, parents can afford higher - 26 -‎ ‎ expenditure of their children. The expenditure of middle school students has been on the sharp rise. Many of them spend money without limit and have no concept of thrift. What’s more, some students like to pursue fashion and trends, which tends to need more money.‎ In a word, middle school students should learn to be thrifty.We should realize that it’s not easy for our parents to make money. So we should limit our expenditure in our daily life. Only in this way can we develop correct values.‎ Best__wishes.‎ Yours__faithfully，‎ Li__Hua 单句语法填空 ‎1．When the little girl found so many people surrounding(surround) her, she felt very nervous.‎ ‎2．He had no choice but to get his bad tooth pulled(pull) out yesterday.‎ ‎3．He expressed his support for the plan with his right hand raised(raise)．‎ ‎4．He found his pen broken(break) when he got back to the classroom from the playground.‎ ‎5．Don’t have the lights burning(burn) all night.It will waste too much electricity.‎ ‎6．My grandfather is going to have his old house rebuilt(rebuild)．‎ ‎7．With so much water covering(cover) its surface, the earth looks like a blue ball.‎ ‎8．The speaker raised her voice, hoping to make herself heard(hear)．‎ ‎9．My cellphone has broken down and I want it repaired(repair) soon.‎ ‎10．With his homework finished(finish), he went out to play with his friend.‎ 阅读理解 A There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.Some of the world’s leading cities are facing - 26 -‎ ‎ disasters like floods and heat waves.‎ London London’s flood defences are getting older.Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years.About 26 years later, the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.‎ There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.‎ Paris Over a sixweek period in July and August 2003, more than 11, 400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave.Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?‎ One solution is to have airconditioners installed in elderly care homes.But this is considered a shortterm solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放)．‎ In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building“Flower Tower”， which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural airconditioner.‎ Shanghai Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth.It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level.Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.‎ An estimated 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption.China relies heavily on coalfired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.‎ ‎【解题导语】　近年来全球自然灾害的数量剧增，据预测，在将来，全球变暖等气候变化将会导致更多的灾难。让我们看一看世界上的大城市将会面临什么样的灾难。‎ ‎1．What problem should be settled now in London?‎ A．How to protect the city’s property.‎ B．Where to build its flood defences.‎ - 26 -‎ C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.‎ D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。由London部分的首句可知，伦敦的防洪设施正在老化，可推知D项正确。‎ ‎2．Which of the following measures CAN’T solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?‎ A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.‎ B．Having airconditioners installed in elderly care homes.‎ C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”．‎ D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。由Paris部分中的“...encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building ‘Flower Tower’”可知鼓励设计“Flower Tower”式的建筑物而不是禁止。‎ ‎3．The purpose of the passage is ________．‎ A．to tell us how to protect the big cities B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities D　解析：写作意图题。由文章第一段最后一句“Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.”可知文章主要警告我们大城市的自然灾害的增加。故D项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters B．Big Disasters in the Future C．The Increase of Natural Disasters D．Solutions to Natural Disasters A　解析：标题归纳题。全文描述了世界各大城市将会面临的各种自然灾害，故A项正确。‎ B ‎“Smile！” I shouted, holding a yellow sign up on a busy street in Seattle.We were three thousand miles away from home on a Random Acts of Kindness and Volunteerism Road Trip.We had two aims.One was to try out our new“Smile！” signs and see how much kindness and joy we could spread in Pike Place Market.The other was to raise $80 by doing street performances, enough for gas to Portland and a small hotel room.‎ - 26 -‎ We weren’t sure how people would react(回应) to our signs.I nervously raised up our signs and shouted，“Hi，there！”to a young couple.They looked over and felt confused.Then they read our signs and broke into a smile.Before long, some tourists wanted to take a photo with us and some strangers stopped to ask us about our signs.‎ In fact，we paid so close attention to our“Smile！”project that we forgot the other aim.Before we knew it, the sun was setting，and we had no money for our trip to Portland.We sat down to watch a blind musician play the guitar while thinking about what to do.He was packing up when a passing crowd kicked down his change bowl.He stumbled(绊倒) into the crowd.We rushed to help him, but another man moved more quickly to help him.‎ Once the musician had his money safely returned，we ran over to meet the strange helper and said，“We just wanted to praise you for your good deed.”He smiled，looking at our signs.“Your trip reminds me of something similar I once did when I was young，”he said.“Look! I’d like to donate(捐赠)．”We told him，“No，thanks! We are fine.We’ve collected plenty of money.”We lied.“Please let me donate.It will make me feel like I’m a part of this adventure，”he insisted.And then the stranger opened his wallet and pulled out four $20 bills.The money was exactly what we had intended to raise that day.We were astonished．It seemed as if he had known somehow.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者一行人在志愿者旅行活动中用“微笑！”标牌来传播善意和快乐。‎ ‎5．What’s the main purpose of the road trip?‎ A．To spread kindness and joy.‎ B．To invite more people to join in the trip.‎ C．To raise money for a trip to Portland.‎ D．To encourage people to take happy photos.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...on a Random Acts of Kindness and Volunteerism Road Trip.”可知，此次志愿者旅行活动的主要目的是传播善意和快乐。‎ ‎6．How did people react to the “Smile！” signs later?‎ A．Disappointed.　　　　　 B．Worried.‎ C．Interested. D．Moved.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Before long, some tourists wanted to take a photo with us and some strangers stopped to ask us about our signs.”可知，后来，人们对标牌很感兴趣。‎ ‎7．According to the last paragraph，why did the strange helper want to donate - 26 -‎ ‎ money?‎ A．Because he felt pity for the author.‎ B．Because he wanted to join in the project.‎ C．Because he hoped to help the homeless.‎ D．Because he felt sorry for his impoliteness.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Please let me donate.It will make me feel like I’m a part of this adventure，’ he insisted.”可知，这位自愿帮忙的陌生人是想参与到这项志愿活动中来。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word“astonished”in the last paragraph most probably mean?‎ A．Tired. B．Satisfied.‎ C．Frightened. D．Surprised.‎ D　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“It seemed as if he had known somehow.”可知，作者他们一行人很“吃惊”，好像这位男士早知道他们需要80美元一样。‎ 语法填空 Our world has been greatly affected by global warming and it is critical(关键的) that people，young and old，join hands to fight it.Most 1.____________(important)，children today should learn to be ecofriendly at a young age.‎ It is believed that the nation should require schools 2.____________(have) a class about “Green Living”．Every school should teach students to know about global warming and what they can do to reduce their carbon footprints.In the classes，students could be assigned to find several 3.____________(solve) to energy problems while learning about their effects 4.____________ the earth.Students also should 5.____________(encourage) to use what they learned in class at home.‎ Too many people think that global warming is not a threat，but it is one of our 6.____________(big) problems.Steps 7.____________(take) to be“green”in the school are so effective.What would children be learning if the school’s lights were always left on and there were no recycling bins?‎ Green living and green schools are part of 8.____________ new wave sweeping over the nation.How will our future leaders respond after years of living in a community 9.____________ protecting our world’s natural environment just isn’t considered important？Schools and the government should teach young people to devote 10.____________(they) to dealing with global warming.‎ - 26 -‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了环境在我们生活中的地位，使我们进一步认识到绿色健康的生活方式应该从孩子的教育开始。‎ ‎1．importantly　解析：考查副词。most importantly为固定搭配，意为“最重要的是”。‎ ‎2．to have　解析：考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。‎ ‎3．solutions　解析：考查名词。根据句意可知，此处需填名词，动词solve变名词solution。根据前面的several可知，需用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎4．on　解析：考查介词。effect on...“对……的影响”。‎ ‎5．be encouraged　解析：考查动词的语态。句意：应该鼓励学生们在家里运用他们在学校所学到的东西。‎ ‎6．biggest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：……这是最大的问题之一。‎ ‎7．taken　解析：考查非谓语动词。名词steps和take之间是被动关系。所以用过去分词作后置定语，修饰steps。‎ ‎8．a　解析：考查冠词。句意：绿色生活、绿色校园是席卷整个国家的一股新浪潮。‎ ‎9．where　解析：考查定语从句的关系词。该句为定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是community，所以填where。‎ ‎10．themselves　解析：考查代词。devote oneself to...意为“投身于……”，所以填反身代词themselves。‎ 书面表达 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想提高中文水平，进一步了解中国文化。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源(resource)。内容包括：‎ ‎1．学习资源：报纸、杂志及其他途径；‎ ‎2．推荐理由；‎ ‎3．表达祝愿。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Peter，‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ - 26 -‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua One possible version：‎ Dear__Peter，‎ I am glad to hear that you are eager to improve your Chinese and know more about Chinese culture.It’s my pleasure to recommend some resources to you.‎ Reading some popular newspapers and magazines, such as Southern Weekly，is the first choice，from which you can get lots of information about Chinese customs.Besides，there are other ways to experience the Chinese language and culture on the Internet，on TV or with some apps.The interesting news and stories in these resources are so amazing that you will never feel bored.I am sure you can benefit a lot from them.‎ I sincerely hope that you can make great progress in learning Chinese and have a better understanding of Chinese culture.‎ Yours，‎ Li__Hua 综合达标检测 阅读理解 A Students in a college French class have helped fill the empty bookshelves of a very poor Haitian(海地的) school by writing 90 books. Although many children in Haiti speak Creole(克里奥尔语) at home, French is taught in classrooms and used by the government, and students are asked to know the language in order to get further education. Therefore, the class hoped to provide resources to help the young students learn French well.‎ The project, called Little French Books, was headed up by Jennifer Shotwell, a French professor at RandolphMacon College in Ashland, Virginia. Shotwell had visited Haiti with a group of students in 2013 to support a Haitian student and give books to a new library. Following the trip, Shotwell brought the experience back to her classroom.‎ ‎“My students have a chance to use the French language in a special way by writing children’s books，” Shotwell said. “Though some learners don’t think they can produce much with a new language, my students are learning to express themselves and create entertaining stories that we finally share with disadvantaged children who - 26 -‎ ‎ are also learning French.”‎ Shotwell had sent French books to Haitian schools, but they were printed on cheap paper that could be easily broken. So she started a Kickstarter, which collected more than $1，000 to make books with durable covers.‎ The books, which included stories about princesses, dinosaurs and exciting experiences，were given to the St. Gabriel’s school in Lascahobas.‎ ‎“Each time a child gets into a new book, he will no doubt get new knowledge and new understanding. The Little French Books means a lot to our students，” said Gardy Myrtil, a teacher at the school.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。一个法语班的大学生们自己动手为落后的海地学校编写图书，帮助当地的学生更好地学习法语。‎ ‎1．Why do the college students create books for children in Haiti?‎ A．To help the children learn French.‎ B．To follow the government’s requirements.‎ C．To stop the children from speaking Creole.‎ D．To make the library open with enough books.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..to help the young students learn French well可知，法语班的大学生们希望通过编写书籍来帮助海地的孩子学习法语。 ‎ ‎2．What can we learn about the Little French Books?‎ A．It was started in 2003 by a student.‎ B．It is in the charge of Jennifer Shotwell.‎ C．It helps set up many new libraries in Haiti.‎ D．It provides textbooks as well as storybooks.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，Little French Books是由Jennifer Shotwell负责的。‎ ‎3．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “durable” in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Strong.　　　　　　　　 B．Colorful.‎ C．Beautiful. D．Thin.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的第一句可知，Shotwell曾经给海地学校寄过书，但是这些书的纸张质量很差，很容易破裂。由此可以推知，Kickstarter通过筹集资金后制作的图书的封皮更加耐用。durable意为“耐用的；持久的”，在文章中可以用strong来代替。‎ B In recent years, I’ve found mental illness has been a term largely avoided in ‎ - 26 -‎ conversation, and this has built a huge stigma(耻辱) against those suffering from depression(抑郁), anxiety, and other mental illnesses.What’s worse, mental illness is only brought up when the news draws our attention to it, but then the conversation quiets until the next sad thing happens.‎ It’s time for the conversation to continue. Instead of waiting for the next sad thing, we need to be open about mental health and about the struggles that come with mental illness and treatment. We need to develop an environment where people feel comfortable to ask for the help they need instead of hiding.‎ It takes a long time, but I am now open about my anxiety and depression. I’m open about my taking medication to treat my mental illnesses. I’m open about the struggle of finding the medication that works. I encourage everyone to do the same. Be honest and open with your conversations about mental health. The more comfortable people are with these conversations, the easier it will be for the conversation to continue. A continued conversation will lead to more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to give help to those who need it.‎ We have the ability to help those we love and break the stigma around mental illness. Mental illness can actually affect anyone, impacting one out of every four people.‎ In short, let’s keep the conversation about mental health and mental illness open. Be sure to check up on your friends, and be open about the importance of mental health. If you’re comfortable, share your story, which may let others know they are not alone. Just as Albus Dumbledore said, “Happiness can be found in the darkest of times, if one only remembers to turn on the light”. Therefore, remember to turn on the light.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。最近几年，人们对心理疾病总是讳莫如深。作者针对此事阐述了自己的看法并且提出了建议。‎ ‎4．Which of the following would the author agree with?‎ A．It’s hard to recover from mental illness.‎ B．We should pay much attention to our health.‎ C．The youth more likely suffer from mental illness.‎ D．People easily feel shame about having mental illness.‎ D　解析：观点态度题。根据第一段的In recent years, I’ve found mental illness has been a term...anxiety, and other mental illnesses.可知，人们常常因患精神疾病而感到羞耻。‎ ‎5．How can a continued conversation benefit those with mental illnesses?‎ - 26 -‎ A．By reducing their anxiety.‎ B．By making them feel comfortable.‎ C．By helping them get support from others.‎ D．By helping them obtain some good advice on treatment.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的A continued conversation will lead to more ideas on treatment and more ideas on how to give help to those who need it.可知，如果出现心理问题，多跟别人深入交流有好处，也许可以得到治疗的好办法。‎ ‎6．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．How to Start a Conversation B．Be Open About Mental Health C．The Importance of Mental Health D．How to Avoid Depression and Anxiety B　解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了人们在面对有关心理健康或者心理疾病的问题时，总是选择避而不谈。因此作者建议人们应该大胆、敞开交流，以此来寻求最佳的解决方法，故可推出答案。‎ C There have been some suggestions lately calling for the end of traffic in some cities by the year 2034. In order to reduce(减少) all this traffic, governments are planning to take away one of its biggest contributors(促成物)—cars. But is this a good idea? Our first reaction may be NONONO. They’re taking away our cars and how can we travel in the city daily? But when you consider the problem a little longer, you may find the plans quite sound and realistic. Here’s why：‎ The one thing that annoys(使烦恼) most big cities is the nonstop heavy traffic. You have to see how terrible it is to drive into a very busy city centre—London, Miami, Tokyo? I’d say it’s very bad. City layouts(规划) simply aren’t built to manage that many moving parts. If we allow only buses, taxis and bikes to use the road, traffic problems in large cities will be immediately solved.‎ If you ever go to a large city centre, you often realize the difficulty some people have with sidewalktosidewalk travel. If you live in New York City, there are so many people crossing in such a small area, that it’s often difficult to know what exactly is even going on. But if cities begin to do away with cars, we’d see an increase in outoftown travellers more willing to walk about city centres in safety.‎ The one thing that troubles any driver is being stuck in a traffic jam in the centre of town. You move forward at a very low speed, feeling annoyed, mad, and helpless. ‎ - 26 -‎ But why go through this hassle? If we do away with cars throughout major cities, it will give drivers the chance to actually enjoy their journeys on (more) open roads. It’s a strange thought, yes, but many drivers will tell you driving in city centres is like driving in hell(地狱)．‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，城市中心禁止小汽车通行有助于解决交通问题。‎ ‎7．What is the author’s attitude to the government plans in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Uninterested.‎ C．Unfavourable. D．Supportive.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的But when you consider...sound and realistic.可推断，作者支持这些政府计划。‎ ‎8．What can we infer form Paragraph 2?‎ A．Many large cities are widening their roads.‎ B．Cars are the main cause of traffic problems.‎ C．There is something wrong with city layouts.‎ D．The author is an experienced driver in a big city.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的If we allow only buses, taxis and bikes to use the road, traffic problems in large cities will be immediately solved.可推断，小汽车是造成交通拥挤的主要原因。‎ ‎9．What does the author say about New York City?‎ A．It is heavily polluted.‎ B．Its streets are too busy.‎ C．It has fewer cars than before.‎ D．Its tourist numbers are increasing.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的If you live in New York City...is even going on.可知，作者指出纽约市的街道非常拥挤。‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word “hassle” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A．A sudden change.‎ B．A serious accident.‎ C．An annoying situation.‎ D．A dangerous experience.‎ C　解析：词义猜测题。hassle指代最后一段前两句所描述的情况，即司机开车被堵在市镇中心，以龟速前行，抓狂、急躁又无助。‎ 七选五 - 26 -‎ Are you always late for school because you can’t wake up at the right time? 11.________ Don’t worry. Here are some ways to help you have a great morning routine.‎ ‎12．________ Put all of your books, papers and other school requirements inside your schoolbag the night before. Watch the weather forecast to see what you should wear the next day.‎ Make sure you wake up at an early hour. Wake up at least thirty minutes or earlier before the school starts. 13.________ It’s also helpful to use an alarm clock to help you wake up. Don’t set your alarm too late. And remember not to set your alarm too early just to give yourself an excuse to hit the snooze button.‎ Go straight to the bathroom to brush your teeth and wash your face. This is a good start for keeping nice and clean during the school day. If you want, take a quick shower. 14.________‎ Have a quick breakfast available. Make sure you like what you have for breakfast. 15.________ If you don’t have enough time to prepare, choosing bread, eggs, yogurt, and fruit as your breakfast is also a good idea. It won’t take you much time to make such a nutritious breakfast.‎ A．Prepare everything in advance.‎ B．Make sure you get at least 8 hours of sleep.‎ C．Only in this way can you have plenty of time to get ready.‎ D．Do you always have a great morning routine before school?‎ E．But always remember that any breakfast is better than none.‎ F．It will make you smell and feel better throughout the whole day.‎ G．Or are you always rushing into getting ready in the school morning?‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使你在上学日的早晨有条不紊地准备东西出门的几条建议。‎ ‎11．G　解析：此空设于段中，与第一句是并列关系。根据后面的Don’t worry.可推测，此句应和第一句并列，都是描述在上学日的早上可能会出现的一些不好的状况。‎ ‎12．A　解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容都是围绕此句展开的，指出要提前把东西准备好。‎ ‎13．C　解析：此空设于段中，对上一句进行解释。上句指出要提前至少三十分钟起床，此句解释原因，因为只有这样，你才能有充足的时间准备一切。‎ ‎14．F　解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。此句中的It指代的是上文提到的take a quick shower。‎ ‎15．E　解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。本段前一句指出要确保你喜欢你的早餐，‎ - 26 -‎ 后一句讲如果你没有充足的时间准备早餐，把面包、鸡蛋等作为早餐也是一个不错的选择可推测，此处讲要记住有早餐总比没有好。‎ 完形填空 My mom used to drive my younger sister and me to primary school. As soon as her car was gone, we’d __16__ our headscarves(头巾). Not that our headscarves were the only __17__. My sister and I were the only people of color in our school. Kids __18__ us, and called us monkeys more than once. My parents had come to the United States as refugees(难民) in 1998, and we were born a year later; we __19__ speaking Somali.Learning English had both advantages and disadvantages because it __20__ me to understand what everyone was saying about us.‎ At home my mom __21__ cooked Somali meals—rice with goat(山羊) meat, a banana on the side— __22__ my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over. We __23__ speaking Somali. When my parents __24__ school, I’d walk ten steps behind. If kids asked why they wore headscarves, I’d say, “Those aren’t my __25__．”‎ When I started at a middle school for students of different races, I began to realize I had been __26__. I wanted to change those in my position(处境), so in high school I __27__ an afterschool class at a refugee center. I kept saying that my students and their identities were __28__， no matter what society said. But when a friend __29__ me to take part in the Miss Africa Utah contest(比赛), I said, “How can I be a beauty queen if I’m not pretty？” There I was, telling kids to be __30__ of themselves and still beating myself up. So I __31__ the contest.‎ Regrettably, my parents both had to work the night of the contest. But when I went on stage, I saw that they’d __32__ all their friends, who cheered as I was chosen to be the __33__. Now I am __34__ the Somali language again. I forgot so many parts of my own culture, and I __35__ want to lose touch with them again.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同而倍感自卑。升入中学后，她开始意识到自己以前的想法是错误的。后来，在朋友鼓励下参加选美比赛夺冠后作者的态度完全发生改变。‎ ‎16．A.put on　　　　　　　　 B．show off C．try on D．take off D　解析：由下文中的If kids asked why they wore headscarves, I’d say, “Those aren’t my...”可知妈妈一走，“我”和妹妹就会“摘掉(take off)”头巾。‎ ‎17．A.problem B．fun C．choice D．reason - 26 -‎ A　解析：由下文中的My sister and I were the only people of color in our school.可知，对我们来说，并不是只有戴头巾这一个“问题(problem)”。在学校里，我们的肤色和其他人也不同。‎ ‎18．A.cared about B．laughed at C．depended on D．learned from B　解析：由上文中的My sister and I were the only people of color in our school.以及本句中的called us monkeys more than once可知，此处表示孩子们不止一次“嘲笑(laughed at)”我们。‎ ‎19．A.grew up B．decided on C．prepared for D．stayed up A　解析：由上文以及本句中的My parents had come to the United States as refugees(难民) in 1998, and we were born a year later可知，我们从小就说索马里语，grew up符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.asked B．expected C．allowed D．required C　解析：由上文中的Kids...called us monkeys more than once.以及we...speaking Somali可知，此处表示学习英语既有利也有弊，因为它“使(allowed)”“我”能够理解大家对我们的议论。‎ ‎21．A.hardly B．already C．only D．ever C　解析：由上文以及本句中的my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over可知，在家里妈妈“只(only)”做索马里餐，“因此(so)”我们不愿意请朋友来家里做客。‎ ‎22．A.when B．but C．because D．so D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎23．A.enjoyed B．remembered C．began D．stopped D　解析：由最后一段中的Now I am...the Somali language again. I forgot so many parts of my own culture可知，此处表示我们也不讲索马里语了，stopped符合语境。‎ ‎24．A.attended B．came to C．started D．gave up B　解析：由上文中的My mom used to drive my younger sister and me to primary school. As soon as her car was gone, we’d...our headscarves(头巾)．以及my sister and I were ashamed to have friends over可知，“我”父母“来(came to)”学校时，“‎ - 26 -‎ 我”会在他们后面走，保持十步远的距离。其他小孩问“我”他们为什么要戴头巾时，“我”会说他们不是“我”的“父母(parents)”。‎ ‎25．A.parents B．teachers C．students D．friends A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎26．A.new B．wrong C．quiet D．lucky B　解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合本句中的I started at a middle school for students of different races和下文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，“我”开始意识到自己以前的想法是“错误的(wrong)”。‎ ‎27．A.took B．missed C．followed D．taught D　解析：由下文中的my students以及telling kids to...themselves可知，“我”在一处难民营给孩子们进行课外辅导，taught符合语境。‎ ‎28．A.similar B．strange C．beautiful D．common C　解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合上文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，此处表示“我”一直强调“我”的学生很美，他们的出身并不低下，beautiful符合语境。‎ ‎29．A.encouraged B．forced C．ordered D．helped A　解析：由下文中的I said, “How can I be a beauty queen if I’m not pretty？”可知，一位朋友“鼓励(encouraged)”“我”参加Miss Africa Utah选美比赛。‎ ‎30．A.free B．afraid C．tired D．proud D　解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑。结合上文中的I wanted to change those in my position(处境)可知，此处表示“我”告诉孩子们以自己为“荣(proud)”。 ‎ ‎31．A.held B．entered C．lost D．understood B　解析：由下文中的when I went on stage可知，“我”“参加了(entered)”比赛。‎ ‎32．A.sent B．supported C．welcomed D．lent - 26 -‎ A　解析：由上文中的my parents both had to work the night of the contest以及本句中的But可知，比赛当晚，“我”的父母都得上班。但是当“我”站在舞台上时，“我”看到他们的朋友们来了，sent符合语境。‎ ‎33．A.judge B．winner C．speaker D．audience B　解析：由上文中的the contest以及本句中的cheered可推断，此处表示作者夺得了“冠军(winner)”。‎ ‎34．A.hearing B．discussing C．learning D．changing C　解析：由上文可知，作者上小学时，因自己的种族和肤色不同倍感自卑，不愿意戴头巾，也不愿意讲索马里语。结合本句中的again可知，“我”现在又在“学(learning)”索马里语。‎ ‎35．A.almost B．just C．never D．even C　解析：由上文中的When I started at a middle school for students of different races, I began to realize I had been...I wanted to change those in my position(处境)以及后来参加选美比赛可知，此处表示“我”曾经忘记了自己文化中的许多东西，现在“我”再也不想丢掉它们了，故填never。‎ 语法填空 I’ve been living in the Basque Country in Southwest France for three 36.____________(month) now, and I really love it!‎ The Basque Country is an area 37.____________ covers parts of Southwest France and Northwest Spain. This area has many wonderful traditions involving(涉及) food, music, festivals and more. While all those things are great, it’s the Basque language that I find the most 38.____________(interest) of all. I came to France 39.____________(learn) French, but I can’t help 40.____________(be) attracted by this strangelooking language, which doesn’t seem to have anything in common with French, English, or any other language! It 41.____________(certain) doesn’t sound like any language I’ve ever heard before!‎ Languages like Basque are called minority(少数民族)languages because they 42.____________(speak) by a smaller number of people than the other language or languages in a country. Basque is a minority language in France because most people speak French instead, and 43.____________number of Basque speakers is decreasing, especially among young people.‎ - 26 -‎ Minority languages like Basque bring local communities together and give people an identity that is a bit different from the rest of the country. 44.____________ would be a pity if these languages disappeared, so people should try hard to protect 45.____________(they)．‎ ‎36．months　解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“月”，month是可数名词，由设空处前的three可知，此处应填months。‎ ‎37．that/which　解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词area，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。‎ ‎38．interesting　解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。it’s...that...为强调句，可还原为I find the Basque language the most ____________(interest) of all.。由此可知，设空处应填形容词interesting，表示“有趣的”。‎ ‎39．to learn　解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我来法国学法语”，故填to learn。 to learn French在此作目的状语。‎ ‎40．being　解析：考查动词ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处所在句意为“我却不由地被这种形式奇特的语言所吸引”，故填being。 can’t help doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”。　‎ ‎41．certainly　解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“毫无疑问”，故填副词certainly。‎ ‎42．are spoken　解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。they(指代minority languages)与speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，因为此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填are spoken。‎ ‎43．the　解析：考查定冠词。设空处所在句意为“讲巴斯克语的人数在减少”，故填the。the number of...意为“……的数量”。‎ ‎44．It　解析：考查it的用法。It would be a pity if...为固定句型，表示“如果……就太可惜了”。‎ ‎45．them　解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代these languages，表示“它们”，故填them。‎ 应用文写作 假定你是李华，最近你与曾在你校就读的交换生Tony取得了联系。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．介绍你的学习情况；‎ ‎2．询问他的汉语学习情况；‎ ‎3．告知你将去他所在的城市旅行。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ - 26 -‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear Tony，‎ I’m glad to get in touch with you. I’m writing to tell you something about my study now.‎ You know, I used to be weak in physics but now with the help of our physics teacher, I have made great progress since I entered senior high school this year. How are you getting on with your Chinese learning? I believe you’ve also made great progress. By the way, next month I’m going to take a trip to your city. I’ll bring your favorite Chinese tea to you.‎ Looking forward to seeing you.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 概要写作 Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded greatly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries(奢侈品). Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. The problem is that the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.‎ There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. One of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.‎ Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. ‎ - 26 -‎ The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist socalled ecofriendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices(牺牲) to support these undertakings. What’s more, to produce economically practical energy, people unavoidably have to transform the natural site. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. For example, application of wind energy would block air flows’ natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.‎ For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Humans’ desire for material comforts has resulted in great damage to the environment.(要点1) To produce more goods, we have constructed industrial plants, which consume lots of energy and cause serious pollution.(要点2) Though people try to substitute ecofriendly energy for traditional sources, it takes time and even the clean energy will influence the environment in some ways.(要点3) So economic growth is bound to go hand in hand with environmental damage.(要点4)　‎ ‎《战争与和平》是俄罗斯伟大作家列夫·托尔斯泰历时13年之久完成的一部伟大作品。它以战争为中心，以库拉金、包尔康斯基、劳斯托夫和别竺豪夫四家贵族的生活为线索，展示了19世纪最初15年的俄国历史，描绘了各个阶级的生活，是一部再现当时社会风貌的恢弘史诗。‎ ‎[词句积累]‎ ‎1．palliate/'pælIeIt/vt.‎ - 26 -‎ 掩饰 ‎2．faithful/'feIθfl/adj.‎ 忠实的 ‎3．scare/skeə(r)/vt.吓唬 ‎4．distinguished/dI'stIŋɡwIʃt/‎ adj.高贵的 ‎5．confidential/ˌkɒnfI'denʃl/‎ adj.机密的；受信任的 War and Peace(excerpt)‎ ‎“WELL, PRINCE, Genoa and Lucca are now no more than private estates of the Bonaparte family. No, I warn you, that if you do not tell me we are at war, if you again allow yourself to palliate all the infamies and atrocities of this Antichrist(upon my word, I believe he is), I don’t know you in future, you are no longer my friend, no longer my faithful slave, as you say. There, how do you do, how do you do? I see I’m scaring you, sit down and talk to me.”‎ These words were uttered in July 1805 by Anna Pavlovna Scherer, a distinguished lady of the court, and confidential maidofhonour to the Empress Marya Fyodorovna. It was her greeting to Prince Vassily, a man high in rank and office, who was the first to arrive at her soirée. Anna Pavlovna had been coughing for the last few days; she had an attack of la grippe, as she said—grippe was then a new word only used by a few people. In the notes she had sent round in the morning by a footman in red livery, she had written to all indiscriminately：“If you have nothing better to do, count(or prince), and if the prospect of spending an evening with a poor invalid is not too alarming to you, I shall be charmed to see you at my house between 7 and 10. Annette Scherer.”‎ ‎“Heavens! what a violent outburst！” the prince responded, not in the least disconcerted at such a reception. He was wearing an embroidered court uniform, stockings and slippers, and had stars on his breast, and a bright smile on his flat face.‎ He spoke in that elaborately choice French, in which our forefathers not only spoke but thought, and with those slow, patronising intonations peculiar to a man of importance who has grown old in court society.‎ ‎《战争与和平》(节选)‎ - 26 -‎ ‎“啊，公爵，热那亚和卢加现在是波拿巴家族的领地，不过，我得事先对您说，如果您不对我说我们这里处于战争状态，如果您还敢袒护这个基督的敌人(我确实相信，他是一个基督的敌人)的种种卑劣行径和他一手造成的灾祸，那么我就不再管您了。您就不再是我的朋友，您就不再是，如您所说的，我的忠实的奴隶。啊，您好，您好。我看我正在吓唬您，请坐，讲给我听。”‎ ‎1805年7月，遐迩闻名的安娜·帕夫洛夫娜·舍列尔——皇后玛丽亚·费奥多罗夫娜的宫廷女官和心腹，在欢迎首位莅临晚会的达官显要瓦西里公爵时说过这番话。安娜·帕夫洛夫娜一连咳嗽几天了。正如她所说，她身患流行性感冒(那时候，流行性感冒是个新词，只有少数人才用它)。她在清早由一名红衣听差在分别发出的便函中，千篇一律地写道：“伯爵(或公爵)，如您意下尚无任何可取的娱乐，如今天晚上这个可怜的女病人的症状不致使您过分惧怕，则请于7时至10时间莅临寒舍，不胜雀跃。安娜·舍列尔。”‎ ‎“我的天，大打出手，好不激烈！”公爵答道，对这种接见丝毫不感到困惑。他穿着绣花的宫廷礼服、长筒袜子、短靴皮鞋，佩戴着多枚明星勋章，扁平的面部流露出愉快的表情。‎ 他讲的是优雅的法语，我们的祖辈不仅借助它来说话，而且借助它来思考，他说起话来语速缓慢，带有高人一等的特有腔调，那是上流社会和宫廷中德高望重的老年人独具的语调。‎ 四大核心素养养成档案 核心素养 具体能力 模块效果评价 问题原因分析 语言能力 词汇的识记能力、语言的运用能力 文化品格 对中外文化的理解与鉴赏能力 思维品质 用英语进行分析、概括与推断的能力 学习能力 自我选用学习策略、方法和评价的能力 - 26 -‎