2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案（44页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案（44页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Women of achievement单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．specialist n．　　　　　　　　 专家；专业工作者 ‎2．emergency n．[纵联1] 突发事件；紧急情况 ‎3．welfare n. 福利；福利事业 ‎4．modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 ‎5．project n. 项目；工程；规划 ‎6．rate n. 比率；速度 ‎7．nest n. 巢；窝 ‎8．bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带 ‎9．outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 ‎10．career n. 事业；生涯 ‎11．institute n. 学会；学院；协会 ‎12．kindness n. 仁慈；好意 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．generation n．　[纵联2] 一代；一辈 ‎2．support n．&vt.[纵联3] 支持；拥护 ‎3．crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 ‎4．campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动 ‎5．deliver vt. 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；‎ ‎ 发表(演说等)‎ ‎6．worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 ‎7．respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 ‎8．childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 ‎9．audience n. 观众；听众；读者 ‎10．shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．achievement n．成就；功绩→achieve vt.完成；达到 ‎2．connection n．连接；关系→connect vt.连接[纵联4]‎ ‎3．organization n．组织；机构；团体→organize vt.组织 ‎4．behave vt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behavio(u)r n．行为；举止；习性 ‎5．observe vt.观察；观测；遵守→observation n．观察；观测 ‎6．argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．争论；争辩；争吵 ‎7．inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n．鼓舞；灵感 ‎8．refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n．提及；涉及；参考；查阅 ‎9．sickness n．疾病；恶心→sick adj.生病的 ‎10．intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．打算；目的；意图 ‎11．considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v．考虑；认为→consideration n．考虑；体谅→considering prep.考虑到 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.以ency结尾的名词 ‎①emergency 突发事件；紧急情况 ‎②efficiency效率；功效 ③fluency流畅 ‎④frequency频繁；频率 ⑤agency代理 纵联2.后缀ation高频名词集锦 ‎①generation一代；一辈 ②inspiration灵感；鼓舞 ‎③celebration庆祝；庆典 ④congratulation祝贺 ‎⑤appreciation欣赏；感激 ⑥admiration羡慕；钦佩 ‎⑦expectation期望 ⑧adaptation适应；改编本 ‎⑨consideration考虑 ⑩organization组织；机构 纵联3.“支持， 反对”表立场 ‎①support n．&vt.支持 ②in favour of支持 ‎③agree v．赞成 ④approve v．赞成 ‎⑤argue against反对 ⑥be against反对 ‎⑦oppose v．反对 纵联4.以tion结尾的名词 ‎①connection连接；关系 ②suggestion建议 ‎③construction建造；建设 ④pollution污染 ‎⑤protection保护 ⑥addiction沉溺；爱好 ‎⑦attention注意；留心 ⑧introduction介绍 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——个人情况(1)‎ 子话题1　外表 ‎①plain adj. 朴素的；简单的 ‎②elegant adj. 文雅的；漂亮的 ‎③grey/gray adj. 灰色的；灰白的 ‎④pale adj. 苍白的；灰白的 ‎⑤fair adj. (肤色)白皙的 ‎⑥figure n. 体形；身材 ‎⑦overweight adj. 超重的；过重的 ‎⑧slim adj. 苗条的 子话题2　 表情 ‎①facial adj. 面部的 ‎②cheerful adj. 兴高采烈的 ‎③desperate adj. 绝望的 ‎④numb adj. 麻木的 ‎⑤frightened/scared adj. 害怕的 ‎⑥embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 ‎⑦sympathetic adj. 同情的 ‎⑧indifferent adj. 冷漠的 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been 　❶　 (inspire) a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve❷ without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social 　❸　 (organize)．‎ ‎①用inspire的适当形式填空：inspiring ‎②写出加彩词在本单元的同根名词：achievement，意为“成就”，此词和句中的“accomplishment”同义 ‎③用organize的适当形式填空：organizations ‎2．(2015•重庆高考阅读E)In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued❶ that because “the general principles of taste are uniform (不变的) in human nature，” the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed❷ that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.‎ ‎①写出加彩词在句中的含义：主张 ‎②写出加彩词在本单元的同根名词：observation 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)就我个人而言， 用餐时，你应该注意你的行为举止。(behaviour)‎ As_far_as_I’m_concerned,_you_should_mind_your_behaviour_during_the_meal.‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在中国， 我们认为尊敬长辈是很重要的。(respect n．)‎ In_China,_we_attach_great_importance_to_showing_respect_for_the_elderly.‎ ‎3．(2016•江苏高考书面表达)因此，应该制订网络投票的规则并严格遵守。(observe)‎ Therefore,_rules_of_online_voting_should_be_worked_out_and_strictly_observed.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．behave vt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.　 对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 ‎(2)wellbehaved adj. 表现好的 badlybehaved adj. 表现差的 ‎(3)behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习性 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us very disappointed.‎ ‎②Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general, I was quite pleased with his behavio(u)r.(behave)‎ 单句改错 ‎③Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave them.‎ them→themselves ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④与此同时，政府有必要鼓励人们在公共场所举止行为要表现良好。‎ Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to_encourage_people_to_be_wellbehaved in public places.‎ ‎2．observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝；注意到 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中observe的含义 ‎①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守 ‎②It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.庆祝 ‎③The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps.观察 ‎④The thief was observed to open the window and run away.注意到 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)observe sb.do sth. 观察/注意到某人做某事(全过程)‎ observe sb.doing sth.　 观察/注意到某人正在做某事 observe that ... 观察……‎ ‎(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe Christmas Day 过圣诞节 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑤The guard observed a young man stealing (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.‎ ‎⑥It is everyone’s duty to_observe (observe) the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.‎ ‎[用准]　observe后跟不带to的不定式或v.ing作宾语补足语，即observe sb. do/doing sth.，不能说observe sb. to do sth.。但在被动语态中必须带to，即sb./sth. be observed to do sth.。‎ ‎[写美]　句型转换 ‎⑦(2017•北京高考书面表达)On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea.‎ ‎→On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed_the_sun_rising_from_the_sea.‎ ‎3．respect vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意；细节；方面；问候 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)respect sb. for sth.　　　 因某事而尊敬或敬重某人 ‎(2)have/show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊敬或敬重 give/send one’s respects to 代某人向……问候 in respect of/with respect to 关于；就……而言 out of respect for ... 出于对……的尊敬；顾及 ‎(3)respected adj. 受人尊敬的；受敬重的 respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I hope airlines can show more respect for passengers and improve service.‎ ‎②The moment you meet your parents, please give my respects (respect) to them.‎ 单句改错 ‎③We were brought up to be respected of authority.respected→respectful ‎④Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out of the respect for farmers’ labor.去掉the ‎⑤With respect of your other suggestions, I am not yet able to tell you our decision.With→In或of→to ‎[用准]　respect表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数名词；表示“细节；方面”‎ 时为可数名词；表示“敬意；问候”时，多用复数形式。‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎⑥We respect our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us.‎ ‎→We show_respect_for our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us.‎ ‎4．argue vi.&vt.争论；辩论；讨论；证明；主张；认为 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)argue for/against sth.　　　 据理力争/反对某事 argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 与某人争论某事 argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that ... 主张/认为……‎ ‎(2)argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵；论据 beyond argument 无可辩解 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I regretted arguing with her about such a small question.‎ ‎②After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue)．‎ ‎③As our family income decreased, father argued against an increase in our pocket money.‎ ‎④(2017•6月浙江高考)The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across ‎ cultures.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。‎ ‎⑤We tried many ways to_argue_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(argue)‎ ‎⑥We tried many ways to_persuade_him_to_follow/to_persuade_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(persuade)‎ ‎⑦We tried many ways to_talk_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(talk)‎ ‎[联想]　“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：‎ ‎①persuade sb.to do sth.　②persuade sb.into doing sth.‎ ‎③convince sb.to do sth. ④talk sb.into doing sth.‎ ‎5．support vt.&n.支持；拥护；赡养；养活 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)support a family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生 support sb.in (doing) sth. 在某方面支持某人(做)某事 ‎(2)in support of sb./sth. 支持或拥护某人/某事 with one’s support 在某人的支持下 come to one’s support 来支持某人 ‎(3)supporter n. 支持者 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①His suggestions put forward at the meeting were_supported by his supporters.(support)‎ ‎②With his wife’s support, Mr Wang contributed a lot of money to the people in the stricken area.‎ 同义替换 ‎③Feeding (＝Supporting) such a large family is really a heavy load for her.‎ 补全句子 ‎④When he was about to give up the struggle, his companions came_to_his_support.‎ 正当他要放弃斗争之际，他的同伴们来支持他了。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤只有少数人支持他的计划，这使他很失望。‎ Only_a_few_people_were_in_support_of_his_plan,_which_made_him_very_disappointed.‎ ‎6．intend vt.计划；打算 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth.‎ ‎ 本来打算做某事(但实际未做)‎ ‎(2)be intended to do/for ... 专门为……；专门给……‎ ‎(3)intention n. 意图；目的；打算 with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I had_intended (intend) to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time.‎ ‎②The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children.‎ ‎③To improve our English and get more students interested in English, I intend to_organize/organizing (organize) some activities at school.‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 The program was set up with the intention of helping the homeless.‎ ‎→④The program, which_was_intended_to_help_the_homeless,_was set up.(intend，定语从句)‎ ‎→⑤The program, intended_to_help/helping_the_homeless,_was set up. (intend，分词作定语)‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．My son is always praised by his teachers because he behaves (表现) well at school.‎ ‎2．The Chinese people observe (庆祝) the Spring Festival from generation to generation.‎ ‎3．The headmaster delivered (发表) an important speech at the meeting yesterday，which left a deep impression on his students.‎ ‎4．(2018•天津高考)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired (激励) scientists to explore the outer space.‎ ‎5．I intended (打算) to have bought a car last month, but I was short of money.‎ ‎6．The medicine should be kept in the shade (阴凉处), or they will lose effectiveness.‎ ‎7．Because of his hard work, the boy has made much progress in his academic achievements (成就)．‎ ‎8．As an educational specialist (专家), his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country.‎ ‎9．A heated argument (争论) broke out between the husband and his wife last night.‎ ‎10．In his childhood (童年), Li Ming lived a happy life though his family wasn’t rich.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．There is little connection (connect) between the two boys even though they look much alike.‎ ‎2．The voluntary group is supported by quite a few public organizations (organize) in the country.‎ ‎3．We have rich and colourful entertainments (entertain) after class, ‎ according to our own hobbies.‎ ‎4．He was left behind because of his sickness (sick) when his classmates went camping.‎ ‎5．The girl from the United States was widely respected (respect) for what she had done.‎ ‎6．Having a large family to_support (support), he took up two parttime jobs in his spare time.‎ ‎7．On the National Day, the streets are_crowded (crowd) with a large number of people.‎ ‎8．He managed to confirm that it was worthwhile to_start/starting (start) a campaign to protect our environment.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．It is considerate for you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest.for→of ‎2．He remained modesty even though he achieved a great deal in the field of science.modesty→modest ‎3．The international agreement, intending to encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 1.intending→intended ‎4．They were observed enter the manager’s office last night.observed后加to ‎5．At that time, Lin Qiaozhi was one of the most famous medical ‎ specialist in China.specialist→specialists ‎6．I don’t think it worthwhile devote so much time to discussing the matter.devote→devoting或devote前加to Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．我说服她不要在如此糟糕的天气里出去。(argue)‎ I argued_her_out_of going out in such bad weather.‎ ‎2．在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。(achievement)‎ In the last few years, China has_made_great_achievements in environmental protection.‎ ‎3．今天下午市长将给来访外宾发表演说。(deliver)‎ The mayor will deliver_a_speech_to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.‎ ‎4．无论发生什么事情，我将永远支持你。‎ ‎①No matter what happens, I will support_you forever.(support)‎ ‎②No matter what happens, I will stand_by_you forever.(stand)‎ ‎③No matter what happens, I will be_in_favour_of_you forever.(favour)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．move_off [串记1]　　 离开；起程；出发 ‎2．lead/live_a_..._life 过着……的生活 ‎3．crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 ‎4．look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 ‎5．refer_to 查阅；参考；谈到；提及 ‎6．by_chance 碰巧；凑巧 ‎7．come_across (偶然)遇见；碰见 ‎8．carry_on [串记2] 继续；坚持 ‎9．devote_..._to_... 献身于……；专心于……‎ ‎10．work_out 解决；锻炼身体；结果是 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“v.＋off”短语速记 ‎①move off　　　　　　　　 离开；起程；出发 ‎②pay off 还清；取得好结果 ‎③put off 推迟 ‎④give off 发出(光、热、气味等)‎ ‎⑤take off 起飞；脱掉 ‎⑥set off 出发；爆炸 串记2.“v.＋on”短语聚焦 ‎①carry on继续；坚持 ②work on继续工作 ‎③move on前进 ④try on试穿 ‎⑤keep on继续 ⑥rely on依赖； 依靠 ‎⑦take on呈现 ⑧depend on依赖； 依靠 ‎ ‎ ‎1．as a way of　　　　　　　　　 　 作为……的一种方式 ‎2．come to help 援助；帮助 ‎3．set up 建立 ‎4．be intended for 专门为……‎ ‎5．as well as 也；和；并且 ‎6．travel abroad to study 到国外留学 ‎7．concern oneself with welfare projects 关心福利项目 ‎8．in the shade of the trees 在树荫下 ‎ ‎ ‎1．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to begin her project.‎ 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。‎ ‎2．Once_I_stop,_it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.‎ 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。‎ ‎3．Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.‎ 突然我想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。‎ ‎4．Further reading made me realize that it_was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.‎ 进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学 院的大门。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred_to (称作) as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28.‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry_on (继续) with her education.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的句式(翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)只有你对中国的餐桌礼仪有更好的了解，你才能表现得体。(only位于句首的倒装句)‎ Only_when_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_table_manners_can_you_behave_properly.‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)一旦你掌握了方法，剪纸就不难学了。‎ Papercutting_is_easy_to_learn_once_you_master_the_methods.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．look down upon/on蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 ‎[记牢]‎ look up to　　　　　 尊敬；仰视 look forward to 盼望；期待 look into 调查；观察；窥视 look up 抬头看；查阅 look back on 回忆；回顾 look out (for ...) 注意；留意；留神(……)‎ look through 浏览；仔细查看 ‎[练通]　用look的相关短语填空 ‎①I often look_up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.‎ ‎②We shouldn’t look_down_upon/on the disabled; on the contrary, we should help them.‎ ‎③I looked_through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important.‎ ‎④I like to look_back_on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.‎ ‎⑤The reason why I look_up_to the artist is that his works are inspiring.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥同时，我期待着尽快收到您的回信。‎ Meanwhile,_I_am_looking_forward_to_hearing_from_you_as_soon_as_possible.‎ ‎2．refer to提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把……称作……‎ ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中refer to的含义 ‎①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the ‎ dictionary.查阅 ‎②Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are preparing for a test.参考 ‎③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)refer to ... as ...　　　 把……称作……‎ refer ... to ... 把……提交给……；‎ ‎ 让(人)参考……‎ ‎(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅 reference book 参考书；工具书 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎④People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．‎ ‎⑤You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer)．‎ ‎⑥As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为：referred, referred, referring。‎ ‎(2)“查词典”可表达为：refer to the dictionary; consult the dictionary; look up a word in the dictionary; search through a dictionary等。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑦(2015•天津高考书面表达)课本和词典可以用作参考书籍然而杂志当作阅读材料。‎ The_textbooks_and_dictionaries_can_be_used_as_reference_books_while_the_magazines_serve_as_reading_materials.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”‎ ‎[教材原句]　Once_I_stop,_it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Once_you_begin_to_do_something,_you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.‎ 一旦你开始做某件事情，你必须坚持下去，否则你将不会有所收获。‎ ‎(2)You will_be (be) successful in the interview once you have confidence.‎ ‎(3)Once it is lost, the good chance may never come again.‎ ‎→Once_lost,_the good chance may never come again.(省略)‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 若once 引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式或从句为“it be ...”形式时，从句中的“主语＋be”或“it be”可以省略。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to ‎ recover.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)We must understand that a habit is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of once it is formed.(要点句)‎ ‎2．it hit/hits sb.＋从句 ‎[教材原句]　Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)It happens that he told me not to depend on fortune, but on conduct.‎ ‎(2)It hits (hit) me that nothing is more precious than health.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ it作形式主语的其他常用句型：‎ It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想到……‎ It strikes/struck sb. that ... 某人突然想到……‎ It happens/happened that ... 碰巧……‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)It hit/struck me that I had forgotten our appointment.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)It occurred to me that I had wasted too much precious time.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 crowd in， refer to， carry on， move off， look down upon， come ‎ across ‎1．(2016•天津高考)I hate it when she calls me at work — I’m always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her.‎ ‎2．Everything has been well prepared for the scientific research and the team is about to move_off.‎ ‎3．As soon as the supermarket opened its door, people crowded_in it and struggled for their purchases.‎ ‎4．Last month I came_across my old school friend on the flight to Beijing.‎ ‎5．You can refer_to this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English.‎ ‎6．Don’t look_down_upon any people around you since each of them is equal and important in this world.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示和要求补全句子 ‎1．只有当他告诉我这个消息时我才知道真相。(倒装句)‎ Only when he told me the news did_I_know_the_truth.‎ ‎2．他一旦作出决定，我们就无法使他改变他的想法。(once引导的状语从句)‎ We cannot make him change his mind once_he_has_made_a_decision.‎ ‎3．就在她正要上床睡觉的时候，电话铃响了。(强调句型)‎ It_was_when_she_was_about_to_go_to_bed_that the telephone rang.‎ ‎4．我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。(hit)‎ It_hit_me_all_of_a_sudden_that I had forgotten her birthday.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是新华中学的高三学生李华，你校的外教Mr.Pearson开设了一个英语辅导班(English Tutorial)，可根据学生的实际需要进行辅导。报名者须根据个人实际情况提出申请并选择辅导内容。请你给外教写一封电子邮件申请加入辅导班。内容主要包括：‎ ‎1．介绍个人情况；‎ ‎2．说明辅导意向(如口语、语法、写作、文化知识等其中的一项或几项)；‎ ‎3．表达愿望。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎3．邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr. Pearson，‎ I’m more than delighted that you have started English Tutorial.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作是一封申请信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。文章可分三个层次：开头应点明写信的缘由——申请加入辅导班，为介绍个人情况和说明辅导意向做铺垫，避免直接介绍个人情况带来的生硬突兀。层次2介绍个人情况及说明辅导意向发挥空间大，写作时应化大为小，细化处理，可从英语掌握方面介绍个人情况，从口语、语法、写作、文化知识等其中的一项或几项等多方面发挥想象说明辅导意向；层次3表达愿望和感谢。‎ 要点1：我写信申请上英语辅导班。‎ I’m_writing_to_apply_for_the_membership_of_the_English_Tutorial.‎ 要点2－①：我是李华，新华中学高三年级的一名学生。‎ I’m_Li_Hua,_a_Senior_3_student_of_Xinhua_Middle_School.‎ 要点2－②：我已经学习英语近六年了，我仍然没有掌握好它。‎ ‎_I_have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years.I’m_still_not_good_at_it.‎ 要点2－③：我发现语法很难。‎ I_find_the_grammar_is_difficult.‎ 要点2－④：我们的老师只强调英语知识的教学。我们没机会练习英语口语。(emphasize)‎ Our_teacher_only_emphasizes_the_teaching_of_English_knowledge.We_have_no_chance_to_practice_oral_English.‎ 要点3－①：我确信，在您的帮助下，我的语法和英语口语可以大大提高。(convince)‎ I’m_convinced_that_my_grammar_and_oral_English_can_be_greatly_improved_with_your_help.‎ 要点3－②：如果您能考虑我的申请我将感激不尽。(take ... into account)‎ I’d_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_account.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使文章内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展和升级，以使表达更亮眼。可用though引导让步状语从句升级要点2－②；用“so ... that”引导的结果状语从句拓展要点2－③；用不定式作目的状语扩展要点2－④。‎ 升级要点2－②：虽然我已经学习英语近六年了，但我仍然没有掌握好它。(though引导让步状语从句)‎ Though_I_have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years,_I’m_still_not_good_at_it.‎ 拓展要点2－③：我发现语法很难，我必须花很多时间在上面。(“so ...that”引导的结果状语从句)‎ I_find_the_grammar_is_so_difficult_that_I_must_spend_much_time_on_it.‎ 拓展要点2－④：为了确保学生在考试中取得好成绩，我们的老师只强调英语知识的教学。我们没机会练习英语口语。(不定式作目的状语)‎ To_ensure_students_can_get_good_marks_in_exams,_our_teacher_only_emphasizes_the_teaching_of_English_knowledge._We_have_no_chance_to_practice_oral_English.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 结合写作要点， 文章可分为三段来写。根据语篇表达中的逻辑关系，在介绍个人情况及说明辅导意向时可使用一些连接词：now， in addition， as a result，使文章自然流畅，过渡自然。‎ Dear Mr.Pearson，‎ I’m more than delighted that you have started English Tutorial.Now, I’m writing to apply for the membership of the English Tutorial.‎ I’m_Li_Hua,_a_Senior_3_student_of_Xinhua_Middle_School.Though_I_have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years,_I’m_still_not_good_at_it.I_find_the_grammar_is_so_difficult_that_I_must_spend_much_time_on_it.In_addition,_to_ensure_students_can_get_good_marks_in_exams,_our_teacher_only_emphasizes_the_teaching_of_English_knowledge.As_a_result,_we_have_no_chance_to_practice_oral_English.‎ I’m_convinced_that_my_grammar_and_oral_English_can_be_greatly_improved_with_your_help.I’d_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_account.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ 理清文体结构之(十六)　议论文之分总结构——把握分论点，关注结论是关键 ‎“分总结构”类议论文一般在文章前半部分有相对一致的句式或相互照应的词语来表现分的关系，让文章思路清晰，使读者一目了然。结尾的“总”一般为文章的论点，是文章的结论及核心。把握住分论点并找到论点对理解全文大意至关重要，然后迅速浏览题干，根据题目要求回原文中找对应信息，便可准确解题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　 [高考典例]　2015•四川卷•E篇 [读文划分结构]‎ 分 总 [1]No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock ’n’ roll. Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.‎ ‎[2]“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.‎ ‎[3]People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.‎ ‎[4]The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.‎ ‎[5]Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small ‎ amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.‎ ‎[6]However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, ’Why don’t they just try rolling the things？’”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”．‎ ‎[7]So he tried it.‎ ‎[8]He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.‎ ‎[9]They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery (滑的) path.‎ ‎[10]West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths. →论点1：滚动移石(可解50题)‎ ‎ ——建造困难　　　‎ 论点2：滑动移石 ‎ (可解46题)‎ ‎ ——实例论证　　　‎ ‎ —以事例论述论点的可行性 结论：滚动移石比滑动 移石有优势(可解49题)‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎46．It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ________.‎ A．rolling them on roads B．pushing them over the sand C．sliding them on smooth paths D．dragging them on some poles ‎49．Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?‎ A．Because more force is needed for sliding.‎ B．Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.‎ C．Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.‎ D．Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.‎ ‎50．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ B．An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ C．An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid ‎ site.‎ D．An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.‎ ‎[答案]　46.C　49.D　50.D ‎46．普遍的移石观点――→定位　第4段，由论点2比对即可得出答案。‎ ‎49．滚动移石的优势――→定位最后一段，由结论归纳得出答案。‎ ‎50．文章主旨――→定位全文结构，由分论点和结论归纳可得出答案。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•南宁高三毕业班联考)It used to be one of the world’s most splendid train stations, sitting on the FrenchSpanish border — but then it fell into disrepair. Now, writes Chris Bockman, the building is showing new signs of life.‎ The train station was built in iron and glass, complete with a hospital, a restaurant and living quarters for customs officers from both France and Spain. At the time it was nicknamed the “Titanic of the Mountains”．‎ But after the day the station was opened in 1928 by the French president and the Spanish king, flaws quickly became obvious. The rail gauges (轨距) were different, so passengers still had to change trains. It made transporting goods too slow. In the early 1930s, as few as 50 passengers a day were using the station. And then things got worse. During the ‎ Spanish Civil War, the tunnels on the Spanish side were sealed off to prevent Republican rebels (反叛者) from bringing weapons in. Later, the French lost interest in the line. When a train derailed on the French side in 1970, that signaled that France abandoned the line.‎ The grand building itself went to rot. The tracks rusted, the ceilings fell in with the severe winter weather and vandalism (故意破坏财物的行为) did the rest.‎ But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it, claiming it was a major part of Spanish history. The French government has agreed to reopen the line on its side too. If all goes to plan, the “Titanic of the Mountains” could be back in business within five years before the end of 2022. It is reported that the massive wooden ticket counters at the station have already been restored.‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了法国和西班牙边境的一座火车站的历史变迁。‎ ‎1．The following factors contributed to the shutdown of the train station EXCEPT________.‎ A．its poor appearance　　 　B．different gauges C．the Spanish Civil War D．slow transporting speed 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The rail gauges (轨距) were different, so passengers still had to change trains. It made transporting goods too slow.”可知，轨距不同和运输速度慢是造成火车站关闭的原因；根据第三段中的“During the Spanish Civil War ...from bringing ‎ weapons in.” 可知，西班牙内战是造成火车站关闭的原因。故选项A不是造成火车站关闭的原因，所以选A。‎ ‎2．When the train station reopens, it may celebrate its ________ anniversary.‎ A．52nd B．72nd C．94th D．89th 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But after the day the station was opened in 1928”和最后一段中的“If all goes to plan, the ’Titanic of the Mountains’ could be back in business within five years before the end of 2022.”可以计算出：2022－1928＝94(年)，当其恢复使用时应是庆祝其94周年纪念日，所以选C。‎ ‎3．What will probably happen to the train station?‎ A．It will be repaired.‎ B．It will be turned into a museum.‎ C．It will be knocked down.‎ D．It will be sold to the French government.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it”可知，几年前阿拉贡的当地政府要购买并且恢复该火车站。restore意为“使恢复，修复”，所以选A。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Design of a Train Station B．The War Between France and Spain C．The History of a Train Station D．The “Titanic of the Mountains” Coming Back 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据全文尤其是第一段中的“the building is showing new signs of life”和最后一段中的“If all goes to plan, the ’Titanic of the Mountains’ could be back”可知，选项D能够概括全文，故作本文标题最佳。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•福州市适应性练习)Mary, 16, was suffering from cancer. As a father, Mitchell always stayed home to care for her. He said the __1__ left them financially worse off. Then a group called Growing Hope __2__ in with D|S1,800 to help with his living costs.‎ ‎__3__，he wanted to pay it back. In his __4__，he had been a __5__. So at age 40, Mitchell took up the __6__ again, participating in two fights in Fairfax. Mitchell was __7__ out in the first and second rounds, but he still __8__ to raise D|S20,000 that he gave to Growing Hope. During this time, he __9__ his daughter. And for six months, he did little but __10__.‎ One day, Mitchell __11__ a Mark Twain quote — The two most important days in your life are the day you are born, and the day you __12__ why.“After I read that quote, I was going to spend the __13__ of my life helping kids with cancer and their families，” he said.‎ Mitchell thought of creating a foundation, __14__ boxing did not seem ‎ practical anymore for fundraising, due to his age. Then he found that __15__ could be a source to raise money. In the Corps Marathon, he cut a striking figure on the course. __16__ by this success, he set his sight higher. He __17__ each of the miles of the race to a different child with cancer, and he carried their __18__ with him. Years after his daughter’s death, Mitchell now __19__ up in the morning knowing his __20__.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Mitchell在女儿去世后受到马克•吐温名言的启发，加入陆战队马拉松，并把钱都捐给身患癌症的孩子们，从而发现了自己在社会中的作用。‎ ‎1．A.atmosphere　　　　　　 　B．phenomenon C．situation D．poverty 解析：选C　根据空前的“As a father, Mitchell always stayed home to care for her.”可知，因为Mary患有癌症，父亲Mitchell要待在家里照顾女儿。这种情况(situation)使得家庭经济状况变得越来越糟糕，故选C项。‎ ‎2．A.brought B．stepped C．took D．broke 解析：选B　根据语境和下文可知，后来，一个名为“Growing Hope”的组织伸出援手(step in)，给他了1 800美元的生活费。‎ ‎3．A.Grateful B．Hopeful C．Sorrowful D．Helpful 解析：选A　根据空后的“he wanted to pay it back”‎ 可知，父亲对这个组织是非常感激的(Grateful)。‎ ‎4．A.life B．reality C．memory D．youth 解析：选D　根据下句中的“So at age 40”“fights”和第14空后的“boxing”可知，在他年轻时，他是一个拳击手。故选D。‎ ‎5．A.runner B．singer C．boxer D．fighter 解析：选C　参见上题解析。故选C项。‎ ‎6．A.helmets B．gloves C．boxes D．sneakers 解析：选B　根据空后的“participating in two fights in Fairfax”可知，Mitchell又开始接受挑战了。take up the gloves“接受挑战”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.knocked B．sent C．driven D．put 解析：选A　根据下文内容可知，Mitchell在第一和第二回合被击倒，但他仍然设法成功地筹集了20 000美元。knock sb.out“击倒某人”。‎ ‎8．A.managed B．persuaded C．failed D．tried 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎9．A.cured B．accompanied C．comforted D．lost 解析：选D　根据下文“Years after his daughter’s death”‎ 可知，这个时候，他失去(lost)了他的女儿。‎ ‎10．A.regret B．mourn C．burst D．work 解析：选B　根据上下文和常识可推知，当女儿去世后，父亲除了哀悼(mourn)几乎什么也不做。‎ ‎11．A.came upon B．agreed to C．looked at D．depended on 解析：选A　根据下文中的“After I read that quote”可知，Mitchell偶然(came upon)读到马克•吐温的话。‎ ‎12．A.consider B．ask C．discover D．make 解析：选C　根据语境可知，人生中另外一个重要的日子是你发现(discover)自己为何出生。‎ ‎13．A.forces B．rest C．energy D．resources 解析：选B　根据下文内容可知，Mitchell在余下的(rest)日子里开始帮助那些患有癌症的孩子。故选B项。‎ ‎14．A.yet B．so C．or D．although 解析：选A　Mitchell想创立一个基金会，但是(yet)由于他的年龄，拳击已经不再是一个实用的基金收入来源了。‎ ‎15．A.funds B．singing C．running D．projects 解析：选C　根据空后的“In the Corps Marathon”可知，然后Mitchell发现可以通过跑步来筹钱。故选C项。‎ ‎16．A.Depressed B．Moved C．Shocked D．Inspired 解析：选D　在此次马拉松比赛中，Mitchell在比赛场上崭露头角。在此成功的激励(inspired)下，他把眼光放得更高，故选D项。‎ ‎17．A.ran B．donated C．competed D．conveyed 解析：选B　根据空后的“to a different child with cancer”可知，Mitchell把比赛的每一分钱都捐(donated)给了身患癌症的孩子们。故选B项。‎ ‎18．A.smiles B．parents C．strengths D．pictures 解析：选D　Mitchell随身带着他们的照片(pictures)。故选D项。‎ ‎19．A.stands B．goes C．wakes D．climbs 解析：选C　根据空后的“in the morning”可推知，此处表示在早晨醒来的时候，故选C项。‎ ‎20．A.time B．what C．course D．why 解析：选D　根据上文中提到的马克•吐温的话中的“why”可知，选D项。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•银川检测)Rajesh Naik __1__ (transform) 120 acres of wasteland into an organic farm, providing an __2__ (inspire) example of the efforts to create a large lake.‎ ‎“I come from a family of agriculturalists and this land is my ancestral land, __3__ hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water. People thought it was impossible to farm this land and __4__ I was throwing away my career. However, I was determined to work on developing the water resources in the area，” says Rajesh.‎ It took a lot of financial resources and time __5__ (create) the lake, which is enough to irrigate(灌溉) the whole farm. This has not only encouraged plant ___6__ (grow) in the area, but also helped in increasing the water table (地下水位) in the surrounding areas __7__ the farm. Besides growing fruit and vegetables, Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has __8__ (many) than 200 cows.‎ ‎“If this model __9__ (carry) out in every part of the country, the whole country will be able to solve its water problems and have agriculture __10__ (total) based on organic farming. What is important is the will of people and the support from the government，” says Rajesh.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Rajesh Naik 把120英亩的荒地变成了有机农场的过程及其对未来的期望。‎ ‎1．has transformed ‎　考查动词的时态。此处为过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时，即Rajesh Naik已经把120英亩的荒地变成了一个有机农场。‎ ‎2．inspiring　考查非谓语动词。为努力创造一个大型湖泊提供了一个鼓舞人心的例子。根据语境可知，此处应用现在分词作定语，意为“鼓舞人心的”。‎ ‎3．where　考查定语从句。坚硬的岩石结构使其难以蓄水。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎4．that　考查连接词。人们认为耕种这片土地是不可能的，我正在浪费我的事业。分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，若动词后有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，第二个和后面几个从句的that不能省略，所以此处应填that。‎ ‎5．to create　考查非谓语动词。建成这个湖需要花费大量的财政资源和时间。此处it takes(sb.)＋时间/金钱＋to do sth.为固定结构，其中动词不定式为真正的主语。‎ ‎6．growth　考查名词。这不仅促进了该地区植物的生长，而且也提高了农场周边地区的地下水位。根据语境可知此处用名词growth意为“生长”。‎ ‎7．of　考查介词。根据语境可知the farm与the surrounding areas为所属关系，所以用of所有格。 ‎ ‎8．more　考查形容词比较级。Rajesh还创办了一个有200多头奶牛的牛奶场。此处more than意为“超过”，为固定结构。‎ ‎9．is carried　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处主语model与动词carry之间为被动关系；空处所在句描述的是将来的情况，又因为在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎10．totally　考查副词。此处修饰动词短语based on，用副词。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019•郑州第三次质量预测)In the past two years, our school had organized many activities. What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”. In an autumn afternoon, we went to the farm, where we learned to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for such a long time, we are so happy to go to the countryside. After we got there, we were divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces, some dug hole, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the holes, put the earth back and pushed them down hard. We were all busy working as all the work was done. Though we were tired out, we felt pleased on our way back to home. ‎ 答案：第一句：had→has 第二句：calling→called 第三句：In→On; the →a 第四句：are→were 第五句：第三个we前加and 第六句：hole→holes; them→it 第七句：as→until/till 第八句：去掉to