2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit1Alandofdiversity单元学案（19页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit1Alandofdiversity单元学案（19页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit1A land of diversity单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、单元单词短语回顾 ‎△California 加利福尼亚（州）‎ ‎△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人 ‎△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 distinct[diˈstiŋkt]adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 distinction  [diˈstiŋkʃən]n.差别；区分；卓著 ‎△immigrant  [ˈimigrənt] n.（从外国移入的）移民 live on 继续存在；继续生存 strait  [streit] n. 海峡 ‎△Bering 白令海峡 Arctic  [ˈɑ:ktik] adj. 北极的；北极区的 the Arctic 北极 means  [mi:nz] n. 手段；方法 by means of… 用……办法；借助……‎ ‎△prehistoric  [ˌpri:hiˈstɔrik] adj. 史前的 majority  [məˈdʒɔriti] n.大多数；大半 ministry [ˈministri] n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责 Catholic  [ˈkæθəlik] adj. 天主教的 ‎ ‎ n.天主教徒 ‎△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）‎ ‎△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）‎ ‎△adventurer [ədˈventʃərə] n. 冒险家 make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 ‎△despite  [diˈspait] prep. 尽管；不管 hardship [ˈhɑ:dʃip] n. 苦难；困苦 elect  [iˈlekt] vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人 federal [ˈfedərəl] adj. 联邦制的；‎ 联邦政府的 rail [reil] n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条 percentage[pəˈsentidʒ]n.百分比；百分率 ‎△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶 Italy n. 意大利 Italian  [iˈtæliən]n.意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的 Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）‎ keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）‎ ‎△Hollywood  [ˈhɔliwud] n. 好莱坞；美国电影业 boom  [bu:m] n.（人口、贸易的）繁荣 ‎ vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 aircraft [ˈɛəkrɑ:ft] n.飞行器；航空器；飞机 ‎△Cambodian n.柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语 Korea [kə'ri:ə]   n. 韩国；朝鲜 Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 ‎ ‎ adj.韩国（人/语）的；‎ ‎ 朝鲜（人/语）的 Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦 Pakistani [ˌpɑ:ki'stɑ:ni] adj.巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人 ‎△immigrate  [ˈimigreit] vi. 移入（外国定居）‎ immigration  [ˌimiˈgreiʃən] n. 移民；移居入境 racial [ˈreiʃəl] adj. 人种的；种族的 crossing  [ˈkrɔsiŋ] n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道 vice  [vais] n. & adj. 代理；副职 nephew  [ˈnevju:, ˈnefju:] n.侄子；外甥 pole [pəul] n. 地极；电极；磁极 applicant [ˈæplikənt] n. 申请人 customs  [ˈkʌstəmz] n. 海关；关税；进口税 socialist  [ˈsəuʃəlist] n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的 socialism [ˈsəuʃəlizəm] n. 社会主义 occur  [əˈkə:] vi. 发生；出现 cattle  [ˈkætl] n. 牛（总称）‎ ‎△Hispanic [his'pænik] n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人 indicate  [ˈindikeit] vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示 back to back 背靠背 luggage  [ˈlʌgidʒ] n.行李（<美>baggage）‎ shave [ʃeiv] vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃 ‎△cable  [ˈkeibəl] n.缆绳；绳索；电缆 ‎△cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车 ‎△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁·海利迪 tram  [træm] n. （有轨）电车 apparent [əˈpærənt] adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地 brake  [breik] n. 闸；刹车；制动器 ‎ ‎ Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速 conductor [kənˈdʌktə]n.（公车）售票 员；列车员；（乐队）指挥 slip  [slip] vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 ‎ ‎ n.滑动；滑倒 ‎△wharf  [wɔ:f] n. 码头 bakery  [ˈbeikəri] n. 面包房；面包厂 ferry [ˈferi] n. 渡船；渡口 ‎ ‎ vt.摆渡；渡运 ‎△Angel  [ˈeindʒəl] Island  [ˈailənd]‎ 天使岛 team up with 与……合作或一起工作 hire [ˈhaiə] vt. & n. 租用；雇用 ‎△fascinating  [ˈfæsineitiŋ] adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 mark out 划线；标出……界线 seagull  ['si:gʌl] n. 海鸥 take in 包括；吸收 angle  [ˈæŋgəl] n. 角；角度 a great/good many 许多；很多 apply for 申请；请示得到 nowhere [ˈnəuhɛə] adv.无处；到处都无 ‎△miserable  [ˈmizərəbəl] adj.痛苦的；悲惨的 punishment [ˈpʌniʃmənt] n. 处罚；惩罚 justice  [ˈdʒʌstis] n. 公正；公平 mourn  [mɔ:n] vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 civil [ˈsivəl] adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的 authority [ɔ:ˈθɔriti] n. 权威；权力 ‎ ‎ (pl)当局；官方 reform [riˈfɔ:m] vt. & vi. 改革；革新 n.改革；改造；改良 grasp [grɑ:sp] vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 ‎△thoughtful  [ˈθɔ:tfəl] adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的 thankful [ˈθæŋkfəl]adj.感激的；感谢的 insert [inˈsə:t] vt. 插入；嵌入 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．我们决不应该忽视这些错误。(by no means放句首引起的倒装)‎ By_no_means_ought_we_to_ignore_the_mistakes.‎ ‎2．大多数学生学习都很努力。(majority)‎ The_majority_of_students_are_hardworking._‎ ‎3．——你的国籍是什么？‎ ‎——中国。(nationality)‎ ‎—What's_your_nationality?‎ ‎—Chinese.‎ ‎4．我们党支部昨天吸收了一名新党员。(take in)‎ Our_Party_branch_took_in_a_new_member_yesterday.‎ ‎5．实践表明，每天运动可以让你减肥。(indicate)‎ Practice_indicates_that_doing_exercises_every_day_can_make_you_lose_weight._‎ ‎6．我们选出詹姆斯当主席。(elect)‎ We_elected_James_chairman._‎ ‎7．我觉得我再也无法坚持下去了。(keep up)‎ I_don't_think_I_can_keep_this_up_any_longer._‎ ‎8．我不知道该怎么办，但那时突然想到了一个主意。(occur to)‎ I_didn't_know_what_to_do,_but_then_an_idea_suddenly_occurred_to_me.‎ ‎9．中国人口众多，但其中70%是农民。(percent)‎ The_population_of_China_is_large,_but_70_percent_of_the_population_are_farmers.‎ ‎10．他们靠每周70英镑维持生活。(live on)‎ They_live_on_￡70/seventy_pounds_a_week._‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 There are more than four million American Indians and Alaskan natives in the United States. They __1__ to more than five hundred Indian tribes. Many tribe __2__ live on reservations. These are areas that the United States government __3__ up for native tribes that had lost their lands to European settlers.‎ There are about three hundred Indian reservations in the United States, some of __4__ are larger than American __5__. The United States Interior Department's Bureau of Indian Affairs supervises these territories. Tribes on reservations have limited selfrule.‎ On the __6__， American Indians do not __7__ the same economic and educational success as other Americans. A(n) __8__ study by Harvard University says American Indians generally __9__ less money and have __10__ unemployment than other Americans. The study says they also have higher __11__ of disease and die younger than other American groups.‎ The Bureau of Indian Affairs __12__ education services for almost fifty thousand Indian children in 1,084 __13__. Experts from Harvard say college attendance rates among the Indian population is half that of the __14__ population. But, they also ‎ say the situation is improving. The experts say the __15__ of Native American Indians __16__ higher education has more than doubled in the last twenty years.‎ Harvard researchers __17__ say that the American Indian economy has __18__ at three times the national rate since 1980s. Some of the __19__ should be owed to expansion of the American Indian gambling industry. More than two hundred Indian tribes have __20__ gambling legal on their reservations. Native American casinos (赌场) and other gaming businesses earn more than twenty billion dollars each year.‎ 语篇解读：美国有四百多万美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加人。本文从经济、工作、教育等方面介绍了印第安人的情况。‎ ‎1．A.stick　　　　　　　　　　 B．belong C．connect D．depend 解析：选B　上文谈到“有四百多万美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加人”，下文谈到“五百多个印第安部落”。由此可看出，这些人“属于”这些部落，因此选belong。‎ ‎2．A.natives B．people C．persons D．members 解析：选D　此处指居住在保留地上的部落“成员”。‎ ‎3．A.set B．held C．gave D．took 解析：选A　由前面的areas判断，要用set up(建立)。hold up意为“支撑”；give up意为“放弃”；take up意为“占用”。‎ ‎4．A.them B．whom C．which D．what 解析：选C　根据该空前面的逗号可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。由于先行词是reservations，指物，因此选which。‎ ‎5．A.states B．countries C．provinces D．neighbours 解析：选A　根据上下文语境可知，此处表示有些保留地的面积比美国一些州的面积还要大。‎ ‎6．A.hand B．whole C．contrary D．way 解析：选B　on the whole为固定短语，意为“总的来说”。‎ ‎7．A.spare B．save C．enjoy D．like 解析：选C　根据下文的“less money”和“unemployment”判断，答案应为enjoy，意为“享有”。‎ ‎8．A.containing B．including C．remaining D．continuing 解析：选D　句意：哈佛大学一直在进行一项研究，该研究报告表明……。continuing意为“持续的”。‎ ‎9．A.borrow B．lend C．earn D．pay 解析：选C　根据上文提到的“印第安人没有同其他美国人一样享有经济和教育上的成功”推断，印第安人赚的钱要少。‎ ‎10．A.much B．more C．many D．enough 解析：选B　根据下文的“than”‎ 可知，此处要用more，构成比较级，表示印第安人的失业率较高。‎ ‎11．A.rates B．dates C．scores D．costs 解析：选A　rate意为“比率”。此处指“患病的比率”。‎ ‎12．A.offers B．provides C．gives D．contributes 解析：选B　根据下文的介词“for”并结合语境判断，此处要用provides。provide sth. for sb.意为“给某人提供某物”。‎ ‎13．A.homes B．hospitals C．schools D．parks 解析：选C　由前面的“education”推断，此处应选schools。‎ ‎14．A.ordinary B．common C．special D．general 解析：选D　general意为“总体的”。general population意为“总人口”。‎ ‎15．A.number B．quality C．amount D．plenty 解析：选A　根据下文谈到的“在过去的20年里翻了一倍多”判断，此处应为“数目”。‎ ‎16．A.searching B．seeking C．acknowledging D．teaching 解析：选B　此处为“寻求高等教育的人”。‎ ‎17．A.ever B．even C．also D．still 解析：选C　also意为“还；也”。第14空后的“they also ‎ say”是提示。‎ ‎18．A.planted B．raised C．arisen D．grown 解析：选D　上文谈到“情况有了改善”，“寻求高等教育的人多了”，因此“经济也就增长了”。‎ ‎19．A.improvement B．management C．instruction D．impression 解析：选A　improvement意为“提高，改进”。与上一段中的“they also say the situation is improving”相呼应。‎ ‎20．A.treated B．obeyed C．ruled D．made 解析：选D　该句为“make sth.＋adj.”结构，此处表示“使赌博合法化”。‎ 二、阅读理解提速练 A In this article, we'll come to two things invented by women, Liquid Paper and Windshield Wiper.‎ Bette Graham was not a very good typist.Still the high school dropout worked her way to become the executive secretary for the chairman of the board of the Texas Bank And Trust.It was in the 1950s, and the electric typewriter was just introduced.Secretaries often found themselves difficult to correct errors.‎ One day, Graham watched workers painting a holiday display on a bank window.She noticed that when they made mistakes, they ‎ simply added another layer of paint to cover them up, and she thought she could apply that idea to her typing blunders.Graham mixed up waterbased paint with dye (染料) that matched her company's paper.Then she was able to quickly correct her errors.Soon, the other secretaries were asking for the product, which Graham continued to produce in her kitchen.Graham was fired from her job for her spending too much time distributing her product, but she was able to improve her mixture, renamed the product “Liquid Paper” and received a patent in 1958.‎ At the dawn of the 20th century, Mary Anderson went to New York City for the first time.There were no cabs honking, nor were there thousands of cars rushing in traffic.Cars were quite rare when Anderson took that trip, but the woman from Alabama ended up inventing something that has become standard on every automobile.‎ During her trip, Anderson took a tram (电车) through the snowcovered city.She noticed that the driver had to stop the tram every few minutes to wipe the snow off his front window.At the time, all drivers had to do so; rain and snow were thought to be things drivers had to deal with, for they resulted in poor visibility.When she returned home, Anderson developed a squeegee (橡胶刷) attached to a handle inside the car.When the driver needed to clear the glass, he simply pulled on the handle.Anderson received a patent for her device in 1903; just 10 years later, thousands of Americans owned a car with her ‎ invention.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了两项由女人发明的事物：修正液和雨刮器。‎ ‎1．The underlined word “blunders” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.‎ A．some kinds of dye　　　 B．inventions C．layers of paint D．errors 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“and she thought she could apply that idea to”并结合第二段中的“Secretaries often found themselves difficult to correct errors.”可知，此处的blunders表示“错误”的含义，故选D项。‎ ‎2．Which of the following statements is true?‎ A．Bette Graham once lost her job because of her devotion to her invention.‎ B．Mary Anderson was a Canadian who moved to work in New York City.‎ C．The popularity of cars in America contributed to Mary Anderson's invention.‎ D．Both of the women in the text were great scientists who made great inventions.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Graham was fired from her job for her spending too much time distributing her product”可知，由于花费过多的时间在她自己的发明上，Graham被解雇了。‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the two inventions in the text?‎ A．Failure is the mother of success.‎ B．Men make errors so long as they struggle.‎ C．Genius only means working hard all one's life.‎ D．Inspiration from daily life is the source of inventions.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了两位女性在平凡的日常事务中的发明，由此告诉我们来自日常生活的灵感是发明的源泉。‎ B We reached the most dangerous part of the river.There were three rapids which had to be passed.The water was then low and the rocks numerous, threatening great danger to the boats.When the water is high, it is less difficult to pass, for the difference of level in the rapids becomes much less, and the danger of being driven on to the rocks is also greatly decreased.The great noise caused by the falling water warned us of the closeness of the rapids, though we had heard it a long way back.‎ At the first big fall we unloaded our boat, carrying everything on the local men's shoulders along the dangerous part of the shore; but we all returned to the boat to make our dash through the rushing water.For me it was quite a new feeling.I had full faith in the local men, especially in the expert who steered (掌舵) the boat.Drawn up to his fullest height, he looked eagerly for the best passage.This was no easy task, for not only did the steersman have to avoid the rocks ‎ which were above water, but those beneath it, which were still more dangerous, likely to turn over the boat in an instant.‎ At first the current (水流) seemed nothing out of the common.However, as we approached, it increased in force until it became extraordinarily strong.About 50 or 60 yards from the rapids our steersman had already made up his mind which way to take.His great object was to keep the boat going on in the current; or we would be turned over and done for!‎ As we approached the bigger part of the fall the paddlers redoubled their efforts and our long, light, narrow boat shot like an arrow down the fall, and in an instant was righted in the water of the pool beneath.Thank goodness!‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了作者作为户外运动爱好者所经历的冒险。‎ ‎4．Who might be the author?‎ A．A skillful steersman.‎ B．An expert paddler.‎ C．An outdoor activity lover.‎ D．A local travel guide.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据全文，特别是第一段中的“We reached the most dangerous part of the river.”及第二段中的“For me it was quite a new feeling.”可知，作者可能是一位喜欢探险的户外运动爱好者。故选C项。‎ ‎5．What made the trip much more dangerous?‎ A．The high water. B．The narrow boat.‎ C．The big fall. D．The hidden rocks.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“for not only did the steersman have to avoid the rocks which were above water, but those beneath it, which were still more dangerous”可知，更危险的是水面下的岩石。故选D项。‎ ‎6．What happened to the boat at last?‎ A．It was turned over. B．It landed safe in the pool.‎ C．It fell like an arrow. D．It went off the course.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“our long, light, narrow boat shot like an arrow down the fall, and in an instant was righted in the water of the pool beneath.Thank goodness！”可知，他们的船最后安全落在(瀑布)下面的水潭上。故选B项。‎ C Do you feel lucky? You probably don't.You may think you've got where you are today through willpower and hard work.We tend to overlook luck's role, and this seems to get worse the richer we get; surveys show that the wealthiest are least likely to owe their fortune to good fortune.Many such people oppose taxation (税收) and government spending; why should others get a handout (救济品) if they don't need one? More often than not, they vote against the very policies that helped them get lucky to begin with.In a recent essay from The Atlantic, Robert Frank, an economist who has studied attitudes to chance, quoted (引用) E．B.White: “Luck_is_not_something_you_can_mention_in_the_presence_of_selfmade_men.”‎ However, if we see this just as a problem of the superrich people, we may let the rest of us off too easily.Anyone living in a highly developed economy in 2016 is already the one who benefits from luck — for example, not living in the modernday Central African Republic, where few people can live a long life.In fact, we are lucky to have been born human.You might have been a battery hen, or a mayfly with only one day to live.‎ Our blindness to such truths isn't only because we're selfabsorbed but also we attach more significance to things that are easier to call to mind.On the one hand, it's not hard to recall countless times when you put in the effort to succeed — struggling through university finals, preparing for job interviews, tolerating a longdistance travel to work.On the other hand, it's rather difficult to realize you're privileged — like not being born in a war zone, or before antibiotics (抗生素) , and so forth.‎ 语篇解读：文章主要阐述了运气在人们生活中所起的作用。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ A．Selfmade men don't like to be talked about.‎ B．Successful people owe their achievements to luck.‎ C．Successful people tend to overlook the role of luck.‎ D．Selfmade men are more likely to show off their fortune.‎ 解析：选C　句意理解题。画线句直译为“在白手起家的人们面前，你不能提及幸运(这个词)”。再根据第一段中的“We tend to ‎ overlook luck's role, and this seems to get worse the richer we get”可知，很多人，特别是一些富人往往忽视运气的作用。故选C项。‎ ‎8．According to the author, you are fortunate if you are not ________.‎ A．struggling through university finals B．preparing for interviews C．tolerating a long distance travel D．living in a war zone 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“not living in the modernday”和第三段的“it's rather difficult to realize ...not being born in a war zone”可知，生活在没有战争的地方是一种幸运。故选D项。‎ ‎9．We can learn from the passage that ________.‎ A．few people in Africa are lucky B．each of us is actually privileged C．people value the importance of luck D．people succeed because of luck 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However ...we may let the rest of us off too easily.Anyone living in ...is already the one who benefits from luck”以及第三段的“On the other hand, it's rather difficult to realize you're privileged”可知，虽然人们往往忽视运气的作用，但事实上每个人都是幸运的。故选B项。‎ ‎10．Which of the following might be the best title for the ‎ text?‎ A．Luck Is a Blessing B．We Are Lucky C．How to Be Lucky D．Who Is Lucky 解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据全文，特别是第一段和第三段可知，作者在文章中从多方面剖析了运气的重要性和不可或缺性。他认为每个人都是幸运的。故选B项。‎